PRESS
Teknologi Smart Grid Untuk Smart City
PENGARAH
Dr. Ir. Marzan Aziz Iskandar, M.Sc.
Kepala BPPT
PENANGGUNG JAWAB
Dr. M.A.M. Oktaufik, M.Sc.
Direktur PTKKE
TIM PENYUSUN
INFORMASI
Bidang Rekayasa Sistem
Pusat Teknologi Konversi dan Konservasi Energi (PTKKE)
Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi
Gedung BPPT II, lantai 20
Jl. M.H. Thamrin No. 8, Jakarta 10340
Tlp. (021) 316 9754
Fax. (021) 316 9765
DAFTAR ISI
BAB-1
PENDAHULUAN
BAB-2
TEKNOLOGI SMART GRID
Karakteristik Deskripsi
Karakteristik Deskripsi
BAB-3
PENGEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI SMART GRID
3.1 ROADMAP
Pengkajian dan Pembuatan roadmap Smart grid dilakukan dengan
beberapa hal sebagai berikut:
a. Studi literatur untuk mempelajari road map dari negara lain sebagai
referensi.
b. Identifikasi aksi/tindakan yang dibutuhkan untuk pengembangan
teknologi dan kebijakan smart grid yang membantu mencapai target
kebutuhan energi.
c. Membuat dan mengembangkan langkah-langkah untuk mengikuti
tahapan teknologi smart grid yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi di
Indonesia
Roadmap Smart grid di Indonesia dapat dilihat pada gambar 3.1
Tahun 2013-2025
Membangun suatu demonstrasi skala komersial yang beroperasi melintasi
batas-batas sistem dari pembangkit, distribusi, transmisi, dan
penggunaan akhir dan yang menggabungkan model bisnis yang tepat
untuk menangani isu-isu kunci termasuk biaya, keamanan dan
keberlanjutan.
Tahun 2020
Memungkinkan tingkat kenaikan dari respon permintaan pelanggan dari
sektor industri, jasa dan perumahan, mengkoordinasikan kerjasama dan
tanggung jawab antara para pemangku kepentingan sistem kelistrikan.
Tahun 2013-2023
Mengembangkan dan mendemontrasikan konsumen berbasis teknologi
yang memungkinkan termasuk aspek perilaku, kebijakan dan teknis.
Smart Grid
Implementation
&
Development
Planning 1. Distribution
Automation
Sistem
1. Integrated Smart 2. Condition Base
Metering Equipment
1. Creating Roadmap for Maintenance
2. Prepaid meter
Implementation. @150 & 20 kV
2. Preventing failures & implementation
3. Recloser Control lines.
disturbances on trans. &
4. Condition Base 3. Integrated
distribution.
3. Installing smart meters. Equipment Smart Metering
4. Remote visualization & Maintenance 4. SubStation
control. @150 kV lines. Integration
5. Switch Gear Control 5. Substation 5. Outage
6. Prepaid meter Integration detection
implementation for 2500
6. Outage Detection
consumers
7. Outage Detection
8. Pilot projects
1%
Example Example
Members Technologies
Retailers
Internet Protocols
Aggregators
World -Wide Web
External Regulators
ebXML
Customers
IEC 60870 -6 ICCP
Providers
Portal
MDMS IEC 61970
CIS /Billing IEC 61968
Enterprise OMS Web Services
W MS Multispeak
EMS /DMS Message Buses
Metering System
SONET , WDM , ATM
Routers MPLS
Towers Frame Relay
Ground Stations Satellite
WAN Repeaters Microwave
Rings IEC 61850
Collector DNP 3
WiMAX BPL /
Relays
PLC W ireless
Modems
Field Bridges
Mesh ADSL
Cellular
LAN Access Points
Cable ( DOCSIS )
Insertion Points
Meter / Gateway ZigBee
WiFi
Thermostats
LonW orks
$
NCorrimticaal l
Pm
Eeoaeg
Er
Pm
N
PE
ONRD
e rkrrgegeaEmvncnce ntyy In -Home Displays
! AMCT IAL St age 1
OIVE VG-RID
N
Stage 2 ER E Curr en t
Te0 3m/0 3p/ 2 0 07PAroWg r BACnet
HAN Smart Appliances
8: 48am AYa m:
S ta t
us
HomePlug
Field Tools
OpenHAN
PCs
Building Automation
Gambar 3.5 Komponen Komunikasi Data Standard dalam Sistem Smart Grid
SAO - Service
Power system control and associated communications -
Oriented IEC/TR 62357
Reference architecture for object models, services and protocols
Architecture
Common Energy management system application program interface (EMS-
IEC 61970-1
Information Model API) - Part 1: Guidelines and general requirements
Common Energy management system application program interface (EMS-
IEC 61970-2
Information Model API) - Part 2: Glossary
Common Energy management system application program interface (EMS-
IEC 61970-301
Information Model API) - Part 301: Common information model (CIM) base
Energy management system application program interface (EMS-
Common
IEC 61970-401 API) - Part 401: Component interface specification (CIS)
Information Model
framework
Common Energy management system application program interface (EMS-
IEC 61970-402
Information Model API) - Part 402: Common services
Common Energy management system application program interface (EMS-
IEC 61970-403
Information Model API) - Part 403: Generic data access
Common Energy management system application program interface (EMS-
IEC 61970-404
Information Model API) - Part 404: High Speed Data Access (HSDA)
Common Energy management system application program interface (EMS-
IEC 61970-405
Information Model API) - Part 405: Generic Eventing and Subscription (GES)
Information
Information technology - Security techniques - Information
Technology - ISO/IEC 27001
security management systems – Requirements
Security
Electrical relays - Part 24: Common format for transient data
Electrical Relays IEC 60255-24
exchange (COMTRADE) for power systems
Electrical
Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 4-41: Protection for
installations of IEC 60364-4-41
safety - Protection against electric shock
buildings
Electrical
Electrical installations of buildings - Part 5-51: Selection and
installations of IEC 60364-5-51
erection of electrical equipment - Common rules
buildings
Electrical Electrical installations of buildings - Part 5-53: Selection and
installations of IEC 60364-5-53 erection of electrical equipment - Isolation, switching and
buildings control
Electrical Electrical installations of buildings - Part 5-54: Selection and
installations of IEC 60364-5-54 erection of electrical equipment - Earthing arrangements,
buildings protective conductors and protective bonding conductors
Electrical
Electrical installations of buildings - Part 5-55: Selection and
installations of IEC 60364-5-55
erection of electrical equipment - Other equipment
buildings
Power-line IEC 60495 Single sideband power-line carrier terminals
HVDC - High
Voltage Direct IEC 60633 Terminology for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission
Current
HVDC - High
Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with
Voltage Direct IEC/TR 60919-1
line-commutated converters - Part 1: Steady-state conditions
Current
HVDC - High
Determination of power losses in high-voltage direct current
Voltage Direct IEC 61803
(HVDC) converter stations
Current
Teleprotection
Teleprotection equipment of power systems - Performance and
equipment of IEC 60834-1
testing - Part 1: Command systems
power systems
Telecontrol equipment and systems. Part 5: Transmission
Telecontrol IEC 60870-5-1
protocols - Section One: Transmission frame formats
Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 5: Transmission
Telecontrol IEC 60870-5-2
protocols - Section 2: Link transmission procedures
Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 5: Transmission
Telecontrol IEC 60870-5-3 protocols - Section 3: General structure of application data
TASE2 -
Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 6: Telecontrol
Telecontrol
IEC 60870-6-502 protocols compatible with ISO standards and ITU-T
Application Service
recommendations - Section 502: TASE.1 Protocol definitions
Element
TASE2 -
Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 6-503: Telecontrol
Telecontrol
IEC 60870-6-503 protocols compatible with ISO standards and ITU-T
Application Service
recommendations - TASE.2 Services and protocol
Element
Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 6: Telecontrol
TASE2 - Telecontrol protocol s compatible with ISO standards and ITU-T
Application Service recommendations - Sect ion 601: Functional profile for providing
IEC 60870-6-601
Element the connection-oriente d transport service in an end system
connected via permanent acc ess to a packet switched data
network
TASE2 - Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 6-701: Telecontrol
Telecontrol protocols compatible with ISO standards and ITU-T
IEC 60870-6-701
Application Service recommendations - Functional profile for providing the TASE.1
Element application service in end systems
TASE2 - Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 6-702: Telecontrol
Telecontrol protocols compatible with ISO standards and ITU-T
IEC 60870-6-702
Application Service recommendations - Functional profile for providing the TASE.2
Element application service in end systems
TASE2 -
Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 6-802: Telecontrol
Telecontrol
IEC 60870-6-802 protocols compatible with ISO standards and ITU-T
Application Service
recommendations - TASE.2 Object models
Element
TASE2 - Telecontrol equipment and systems - Part 6-602: Telecontrol
IEC/TS 60870-6-602
Telecontrol protocols compatible with ISO standards and ITU-T
design
Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid
Solar voltaic IEC/TS 62257-5 systems for rural electrification - Part 5: Protection against
electrical hazards
Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid
Solar voltaic IEC/TS 62257-6 systems for rural electrification - Part 6: Acceptance, operation,
maintenance and replacement
Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid
Solar voltaic IEC/TS 62257-7
systems for rural electrification - Part 7: Generators
Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid
Solar voltaic IEC/TS 62257-7-1 systems for rural electrification - Part 7-1: Generators -
Photovoltaic generators
Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid
Solar voltaic IEC/TS 62257-7-3 systems for rural electrification - Part 7-3: Generator set -
Selection of generator sets for rural electrification systems
Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid
systems for rural electrification - Part 8-1: Selection of batteries
Solar voltaic IEC/TS 62257-8-1 and battery management systems for stand-alone electrification
systems - Specific case of automotive flooded lead-acid batteries
available in developing countries
Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid
Solar voltaic IEC/TS 62257-9-1
systems for rural electrification - Part 9-1: Micropower systems
Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid
Solar voltaic IEC/TS 62257-9-2
systems for rural electrification - Part 9-2: Microgrids
Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid
Solar voltaic IEC/TS 62257-9-3 systems for rural electrification - Part 9-3: Integrated system -
User interface
Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid
Solar voltaic IEC/TS 62257-9-4 systems for rural electrification - Part 9-4: Integrated system -
Userinstallation
Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid
systems for rural electrification - Part 9-5: Integrated system -
Solar voltaic IEC/TS 62257-9-5
Selection of portable PV lanterns for rural electrification
projects
Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid
systems for rural electrification - Part 9-6: Integrated system -
Solar voltaic IEC/TS 62257-9-6
Selection of Photovoltaic Individual Electrification Systems (PV-
IES)
Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid
systems for rural electrification - Part 12-1: Selection of self-
Solar voltaic IEC/TS 62257-12-1
ballasted lamps (CFL) for rural electrification systems and
recommendations for household lighting equipment
Electromagnetic Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 2-2: Environment -
compatibility IEC 61000-2-2 Compatibility levels for low-frequency conducted disturbances
(EMC) and signalling in public low-voltage power supply systems
Electromagnetic Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 2-12: Environment -
IEC 61000-2-12
compatibility Compatibility levels for low-frequency conducted disturbances
Distribution Line IEC 61334-3-1 Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems -
Distribution Line
Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems -
Message
IEC/TS 61334-5-2 Part 5-2: Lower layer profiles - Frequency shift keying (FSK)
Specification
profile
(DLMS)
Distribution Line
Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems -
Message
IEC/TS 61334-5-3 Part 5-3: Lower-layer profiles - Spread spectrum adaptive
Specification
wideband (SS-AW) profile
(DLMS)
Distribution Line
Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems -
Message
IEC/TS 61334-5-4 Part 5-4: Lower layer profiles - Multi-carrier modulation (MCM)
Specification
profile
(DLMS)
Distribution Line
Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems -
Message
IEC/TS 61334-5-5 Part 5-5: Lower layer profiles - Spread spectrum - fast frequency
Specification
hopping (SS-FFH) profile
(DLMS)
Distribution Line
Message Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems -
IEC 61334-6
Specification Part 6: A-XDR encoding rule
(DLMS)
Wind Turbines IEC 61400-1 Wind turbines - Part 1: Design requirements
Wind turbines - Part 2: Design requirements for small wind
Wind Turbines IEC 61400-2
turbines
Wind turbines - Part 3: Design requirements for offshore wind
Wind Turbines IEC 61400-3
turbines
Wind turbine generator systems - Part 11: Acoustic noise
Wind Turbines IEC 61400-11
measurement techniques
Wind turbines - Part 12-1: Power performance measurements of
Wind Turbines IEC 61400-12-1
electricity producing wind turbines
Wind turbine generator systems - Part 13: Measurement of
Wind Turbines IEC/TS 61400-13
mechanical loads
Wind turbines - Part 14: Declaration of apparent sound power
Wind Turbines IEC/TS 61400-14
level and tonality values
Wind turbines - Part 21: Measurement and assessment of power
Wind Turbines IEC 61400-21
quality characteristics of grid connected wind turbines
Wind turbine generator systems - Part 23: Full-scale structural
Wind Turbines IEC/TS 61400-23
testing of rotor blades
Wind Turbines IEC 61400-24 Wind turbines - Part 24: Lightning protection
Wind turbines - Part 25-1: Communications for monitoring and
Wind Turbines IEC 61400-25-1 control of wind power plants - Overall description of principles
and models
Wind turbines - Part 25-2: Communications for monitoring and
Wind Turbines IEC 61400-25-2
control of wind power plants - Information models
Wind turbines - Part 25-3: Communications for monitoring and
Wind Turbines IEC 61400-25-3
control of wind power plants - Information exchange models
Wind turbines - Part 25-4: Communications for monitoring and
Wind Turbines IEC 61400-25-4
control of wind power plants - Mapping to communication profile
Secondary
batteries for the
IEC 61982-5 Secondary batteries for the propulsion of electric road vehicles -
propulsion of
(future) Part 5: Safety testing for lithium-ion cells and batteries
electric road
vehicles
Energy Metering
COSEM -
Electricity metering - Data exchange for meter reading, tariff
Companion
IEC 62056-42 and load control - Part 42: Physical layer services and
Specification for
procedures for connection-oriented asynchronous data exchange
Energy Metering
COSEM -
Companion Electricity metering - Data exchange for meter reading, tariff
IEC 62056-46
Specification for and load control - Part 46: Data link layer using HDLC protocol
Energy Metering
COSEM -
Electricity metering - Data exchange for meter reading, tariff
Companion
IEC 62056-47 and load control - Part 47: COSEM transport layers for IPv4
Specification for
networks
Energy Metering
COSEM -
Companion Electricity metering - Data exchange for meter reading, tariff
IEC 62056-53
Specification for and load control - Part 53: COSEM application layer
Energy Metering
COSEM -
Companion Electricity metering - Data exchange for meter reading, tariff
IEC 62056-61
Specification for and load control - Part 61: Object identification system (OBIS)
Energy Metering
COSEM -
Companion Electricity metering - Data exchange for meter reading, tariff
IEC 62056-62
Specification for and load control - Part 62: Interface classes
Energy Metering
Fuel cell standards IEC/TS 62282-1 Fuel cell technologies - Part 1: Terminology
Fuel cell standards IEC 62282-2 Fuel cell technologies - Part 2: Fuel cell modules
networks (BRP)
High availability Industrial communication networks - High availability
automation IEC 62439-6 automation networks - Part 6: Distributed Redundancy Protocol
networks (DRP)
Security of Control Industrial communication networks - Network and system
IEC/TS 62443-1-1
Systems security - Part 1-1: Terminology
Industrial communication networks - Network and system
Security of Control
IEC/TR 62443-3-1 security - Part 3-1: Security technologies for industrial
Systems
automation and control systems
Security of Control Security for industrial process measurement and control -
IEC/PAS 62443-3
Systems Network and system security
Electric Double-
Layer Capacitors Electric double-layer capacitors for use in hybrid electric
IEC 62576
for Use in Hybrid vehicles - Test methods for electrical characteristics
Electric Vehicles
IEC/TS 62600 Marine energy - Wave, tidal and other water current converters -
Marine Power
(project) Part 1: Terminology
Marine energy - Wave, tidal and other water current converters -
IEC/TS 62600-100
Marine Power Part 100: Power performance assessment of electricity producing
(project)
wave energy converters
Marine energy - Wave, tidal and other water current converters -
IEC/TS 62600-200
Marine Power Part 200: The assessment of performance of tidal energy
(project)
converters
Functional safety
of
Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable
electrical/electron
IEC 61508-1 electronic safety-related systems - Part 1: General requirements
ic/programmable
(see Functional Safety and IEC 61508)
electronic safety-
related systems
Functional safety
of Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable
electrical/electron electronic safety-related systems - Part 2: Requirements for
IEC 61508-2
ic/programmable electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related
electronic safety- systems (see Functional Safety and IEC 61508)
related systems
Functional safety
of
Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable
electrical/electron
IEC 61508-3 electronic safety-related systems - Part 3: Software
ic/programmable
requirements (see Functional Safety and IEC 61508)
electronic safety-
related systems
Functional safety
of
Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable
electrical/electron
IEC 61508-4 electronic safety-related systems - Part 4: Definitions and
ic/programmable
abbreviations (see Functional Safety and IEC 61508)
electronic safety-
related systems
Functional safety
of Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable
electrical/electron electronic safety-related systems - Part 5: Examples of methods
IEC 61508-5
ic/programmable for the determination of safety integrity levels (see Functional
electronic safety- Safety and IEC 61508)
related systems
Functional safety
of Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable
electrical/electron electronic safety-related systems - Part 6: Guidelines on the
IEC 61508-6
ic/programmable application of IEC 61508-2 and IEC 61508-3 (see Functional
electronic safety- Safety and IEC 61508)
related systems
Functional safety
of
Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable
electrical/electron
IEC 61508-7 electronic safety-related systems - Part 7: Overview of
ic/programmable
techniques and measures (see Functional Safety and IEC 61508)
electronic safety-
related systems
BAB-4
PEMANFAATAN SMART GRID UNTUK PERKOTAAN
Studi literatur X X X X
Menghubungi
Perusahaan
X X X
Utilitas
Menganalisa X X X X
agregat data
listrik
Mewawancara X
Pelanggan
Mewawancara
pakar smart
X X X
grid
Gambar 4.1 Contoh Agregat Konsumsi energi (kWh) Bulanan pada Sektor
Utama
Survei
Sebelum diperoleh informasi tentang data agregat dan kota, survei dapat
dimulai dengan meneliti data listrik pemukiman penduduk bila ada. Hal
ini diperlukan untuk meminta pemilik rumah, atau tagihan listrik pemilik
bangunan komersial yang memiliki daftar data kWh bulanan untuk tahun
sebelumnya. Dengan data ini akan dihitung berapa banyak energi yang
digunakan rata-rata penduduk dan berapa banyak energi sebuah
bangunan yang digunakan per meter2.
Perusahaan komersial jauh lebih memungkin untuk berpartisipasi karena
grid pintar mungkin mengurangi harga listrik. Data agregat mungkin bisa
didapat juga dari situs Departemen Sumber Daya Energi.
Objektif 2: Menganalisis Pengaruh Upaya Konservasi
Konservasi listrik telah diidentifikasi sebagai pilihan yang potensial
untuk memecahkan masalah listrik. Dalam rangka ketepatan
memperkirakan potensi penggunaan dan penghematan biaya dilokasi,
pertama-tama diperlukan untuk meneliti konsep. Dapat dilakukan
Bab– 5
PENUTUP
5.1 Kesimpulan
Dari studi yang dilaksakan, dapat ditarik kesimpulan sebagai berikut:
Pembuatan Feasibility Study Smart City seyogyanya dilakukan
secara multidisiplin dengan melibatkan konsultan yang
berpengalaman.
Kebutuhan akan data yang spesifik mengenai jaringan distribusi
untuk beberapa wilayah sangat diperlukan didalam mengantisipasi
tumbuhnya teknologi maju yang merupakan suatu produk smart
grid.
Elemen Smart Grid yang mulai merambah dari Negara Maju ke
Indonesia perlu dilakukan kajian yang komprehensif dari segi
teknologi maupun fungsi ekonomisnya.
5.2 Rekomendasi
Pembangunan pilot proyek smart grid seyogyanya dimulai dengan
sosialisasi teknologi smart grid yang lebih intensif kepada
konsumen.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
ISBN 978-979-3733-6 -6
9 789793 733616