EXCEL TA DWK-SNS Terbaru Cuy

Volume 1 Yaws
Pendinginnnnnn_ Beku Uap
Volume 4 Yaws -94.7 56.29
Acetone -95 56.3
Faktor koreksi dimixer
1.132245
Komponen Aliran 1 Aliran 2 Aliran 3 Aliran 4 Aliran 5
Etilen 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Etanol 62781.1425 77699.1940 77699.1940 14918.0515 0.0000
Air 2650.3620 4089.4313 4089.4313 1439.0693 0.0000
Total 65431.5044 81788.6252 81788.6252 16357.1208 0.0000
Gambarrrrrr_
Komponen Aliran 1 Aliran 2 Aliran 3 Aliran 4 Aliran 5 Aliran 6

Etilen 0,0000 0,0000 0,0000 0,0000 0,0000 0,0000
Komponen Aliran 1 Aliran 2 Aliran 3 Aliran 4 Aliran 5 Aliran 6
Etilen 0,0000 0,0000 0,0000 0,0000 0,0000 0,0000
Etanol 4204,5416 4977,9417 4977,9417 773,4001 4204,5416 4204,541
Air 122,7265 261,9969 261,9969 139,2704 122,7265 122,726
Total 4327,2681 5239,9386 5239,9386 912,6705 4327,2681 4327,268
No. KODE NAMA ALAT

17 F-320 TANGKI PRODUK ETILEN
16 L-315 POMPA KELUAR REBOILER
15 V-314 REBOILER
14 L-313 POMPA KELUAR CONDENSOR
13 F-312 ACCUMULATOR
12 E-311 CONDENSOR
11 D-310 MENARA DISTILASI
10 G-212 COMPRESSOR
9 E-211 COOLER
8 R-210 REAKTOR
7 E-123 HEATER
6 H-122 SEPARATOR 01
5 L-121 POMPA VAPORIZER
4 V-120 VAPORIZER
3 F-112 TANGKI PENYIMPANAN ETANOL
2 L-111 POMPA ETANOL
1 M-110 MIXER
Digambar Oleh :
LAILA AMALIA SARI (H1D107005)
Diperiksa Oleh :
PRIMATA MARDINA, M.Eng (19810324 200604 2
FLOWSHEET
PRARANCANGAN PABRIK ETILEN DARI DEHIDRASI ET
KAPASITAS 20.000 TON/TAHUN
PROGRAM STUDI S-1 TEKNIK KIM

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS LAMBUNG MANGKU
BANJARBARU
2011
INI FDP NYA ASRUL_ARUL
CATATAN_UTK KOMPRESSOR_SPA TAU BERGUNA
T = 83.62 o
C = 356.77 K
Komponen n (kmol/h) Cp*dT Q (kJ/h)
Etilen 1350.4984 2710.9258 3661100.9929
Etanol 12.2649 4120.2465 50534.2865
Air 1497.6182 1981.4808 2967501.6126
Total 6679136.8920
Densitas pada keadaan standar : 30 oC = 303.15 K Interpolasi
Etilen 5.741415 mol/dm3 = 161.0696 kg/m3
Etanol 13.9371 mol/dm3 = 642.0683 kg/m3
Air 54.93619 mol/dm3 = 989.6755 kg/m3
TABLE 2-153 Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids [J/(kmol K)] (Continued)
Cmpd. Cp at Tmin Cp at Tmax
no. Name Formula CAS no. Mol. wt. C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 Tmin, K × 1E-05 Tmax, K × 1E-05
Nitrogen N2 7727-37-9 28.013 281,970 −12,281 248 −2.2182 0.0074902 63.15 0.5593 112.00 0.7960 249
Nitrogen N2 7727-37-9 28.013 281,970 −12,281 248 −2.2182 0.0074902 63.15 0.5593 112.00 0.7960 249
T min 63.15 K
T max 112 K
Cp at T min 0.5593 J/(kmol.K)
Cp at T maks 0.796 J/(kmol.K)
(Perry, 8 ed. Tabel 2-153… Nitrogen cair) Cp nitrogen cair, didapat dengan interpolasi
Suhu nitrogen sbg.pendingin 75.15 K ----> 0.617445342886387 J/(kmol.K)
Suhu nitrogen keluar 123.15 K ----> 0.850026714431934 J/(kmol.K)
Densitas nitrogen ------->
Tabel 2-239 Perry 8 ed., Physical properties of Nitrogen
Dicari pada T rata-rata : 99.15 K --------> 24.7896 mol/dm3 atau 694.4311
Viskositas Nitrogen
Vis A 90.3
Vis B 46.14
Pada tc = -281.2 F = 99.15 K ;
Viskositas = 0.08987816042 cp
(Coulson, 6 ed.,App.D)
Harga Pendingin Nitrogen
Rp 4000 /L = Rp 5760.11097826 / kg
= $ 0.62569096005 / kg
Densitas acetone
Uap g
0.2779
cm3
56.29 Viskositas Aceton
Vis A 367.25
Vis B 209.68
Pada tc =
Viskositas =
Viskositas liq Distilat
Komponen
Etilen
Etanol
Air
Total
Aliran 5 Aliran 6 Aliran 7 Aliran 8 Aliran 9 Aliran 10 Aliran 11
0.0000 0.0000 37886.8830 37886.8830 37886.8830 37886.8830 -92.3580
0.0000 0.0000 565.0303 565.0303 565.0303 565.0303 -2754.5073
0.0000 0.0000 26979.5912 26979.5912 26979.5912 26979.5912 -131485.3132
0.0000 0.0000 65431.5044 65431.5044 65431.5044 65431.5044 -134332.1785
n4 Aliran 5 Aliran 6 Aliran 7 Aliran 8 Aliran 9 Aliran 10 Aliran 11 Ali

00 0,0000 0,0000 2524,4416 2524,4416 2524,4416 2524,4416 0,0000 253
n4 Aliran 5 Aliran 6 Aliran 7 Aliran 8 Aliran 9 Aliran 10 Aliran 11 Ali
00 0,0000 0,0000 2524,4416 2524,4416 2524,4416 2524,4416 0,0000 253
001 4204,5416 4204,5416 181,7453 181,7453 181,7453 181,7453 181,8652 0,
704 122,7265 122,7265 1621,0813 1621,0813 1621,0813 1621,0813 1621,3398 1,
705 4327,2681 4327,2681 4327,2681 4327,2681 4327,2681 4327,2681 1803,2050 253
MA ALAT JUMLAH
RODUK ETILEN 1 KODE NAMA ALAT
LUAR REBOILER 1
L-111 Pompa Raw Wa
EBOILER 1
F-110 Bak Pengenda
UAR CONDENSOR 1
L-112 Pompa ke Clarif
UMULATOR 1
NDENSOR 1 F-120 Clarifier
RA DISTILASI 1 F-121 Reservoir-1
MPRESSOR 1 L-122 Pompa Sand Fil
OOLER 1 H-130 Sand Filter

EAKTOR 1
F-140 Reservoir-2
EATER 1
F-141 Pompa Hydrant F
ARATOR 01 1
L-142 Pompa Clorinat
A VAPORIZER 1
F-143 Clorinator
PORIZER 1
YIMPANAN ETANOL 1
PA ETANOL 1
MIXER 1 KODE NAMA ALAT
L-111 Pompa Raw Water
F-110 Bak Pengendap
L-112 Pompa ke Clarifier
F-120 Clarifier
F-121 Reservoir- 1
L-122 Pompa Sand Filter
H-130 Sand Filter
F-110 Bak Pengendap
L-112 Pompa ke Clarifier
F-120 Clarifier
F-121 Reservoir- 1
L-122 Pompa Sand Filter
H-130 Sand Filter
F-140 Reservoir- 2
F-141 Pompa Hydrant Fire
L-142 Pompa Clorinator
F-143 Clorinator
mbar Oleh :
(H1D107005)
riksa Oleh :
(19810324 200604 2 002)
HEET
EN DARI DEHIDRASI ETANOL
00 TON/TAHUN
M STUDI S-1 TEKNIK KIMIA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
TAS LAMBUNG MANGKURAT
BANJARBARU
2011
NYA ASRUL_ARUL
nued)
-05
.5593 112.00 0.7960 249

.5593 112.00 0.7960 249
ir, didapat dengan interpolasi
J/(kmol.K)
J/(kmol.K)
kg/m3
INI KADA TEPAKAI
Densitas acetone
1 kg 1000 cm3 kg lb
x x = 0.2779 = 17.3493
1000 g 1 dm3 dm3 ft3
Viskositas Aceton
367.25
209.68
-281.2 F = 134.705555556 K ; -121 F = 223.705555556
9.43709255377 cp Viskositas = 0.77658398528 cp
Viskositas liq Distilat #NAME? F = #NAME? K
Komponen VIS A VIS B μ 179.332 K
Etilen 168.98 93.94 0.139145
Etanol 686.64 300.88 35.21845
Air 658.25 283.16 22.17731
Total μmix 0.145476
Aliran 11 Aliran 12 Aliran 13 Aliran 14 Aliran 15 Aliran 16
-92.3580 -1297730.4004 -111.3014 -1297730.4004 -1335617.2834 18.9434
-2754.5073 -19353.8480 -3319.4811 -19353.8480 -19918.8783 564.9738
-131485.3132 -924125.5262 -158454.1126 -924125.5262 -951105.1174 26968.7993
-134332.1785 -2241209.7746 -161884.8951 -2241209.7746 -2306641.2790 27552.7166
Aliran 10 Aliran 11 Aliran 12 Aliran 13 Aliran 14 Aliran 15 Aliran 16 Aliran 17

2524,4416 0,0000 2533,9853 0,0000 2533,9853 9,9955 0,0000 2523,9899
Aliran 10 Aliran 11 Aliran 12 Aliran 13 Aliran 14 Aliran 15 Aliran 16 Aliran 17
2524,4416 0,0000 2533,9853 0,0000 2533,9853 9,9955 0,0000 2523,9899
181,7453 181,8652 0,0000 0,1200 0,0000 0,0000 181,7452 0,0000
1621,0813 1621,3398 1,2676 1,0694 1,2676 0,0050 1620,2704 1,2626
4327,2681 1803,2050 2535,2530 1,1894 2535,2530 10,0005 1802,0156 2525,2525
KETERANGAN GAMBAR
NAMA ALAT KODE NAMA ALAT
Pompa Raw Water L-144 Pompa Air Sanitasi
Bak Pengendap L-145 Pompa Kation Exchanger
Pompa ke Clarifier KE-210 Kation Exchanger
Clarifier L-211 Pompa Anion Exchanger
Reservoir-1 AE-220 Anion Exchanger
Pompa Sand Filter L-221 Pompa Demineral Water
Sand Filter F-222 Softening Water Tank
Reservoir-2 L-223 Pompa Deaerator
Pompa Hydrant Fire L-224 Pompa Reservoir-3
Pompa Clorinator F-225 Reservoir-3
Clorinator L-226 Pompa ke Unit Pendingin
KETERANGAN GAMBAR
NAMA ALAT KODE NAMA ALAT KODE
Pompa Raw Water L-144 Pompa Air Sanitasi L-227
Bak Pengendap L-145 Pompa Kation Exchanger P-230
Pompa ke Clarifier KE-210 Kation Exchanger L-231
Clarifier L-211 Pompa Anion Exchanger D-240
Reservoir- 1 AE-220 Anion Exchanger F-241
Pompa Sand Filter L-221 Pompa Demineral Water L-242
Sand Filter F-222 Softening Water Tank P-250
Bak Pengendap L-145 Pompa Kation Exchanger P-230
Pompa ke Clarifier KE-210 Kation Exchanger L-231
Clarifier L-211 Pompa Anion Exchanger D-240
Reservoir- 1 AE-220 Anion Exchanger F-241
Pompa Sand Filter L-221 Pompa Demineral Water L-242
Sand Filter F-222 Softening Water Tank P-250
Reservoir- 2 L-223 Pompa Deaerator Q-260
Pompa Hydrant Fire L-224 Pompa Reservoir -3 F-270
Pompa Clorinator F-225 Reservoir -3 L-271
Clorinator L-226 Pompa ke Unit Pendingin E-311
223.705555556 K
Pompa 3
Aliran 17 Komponen VIS A VIS B μ 179.332
37886.8830 Etilen 168.98 93.94 0.139145
565.0303 Etanol 686.64 300.88 35.21845
26979.5912 Air 658.25 283.16 22.17731
65431.5044 Total μmix 0.145476
Pompa 4
Aliran 16 Aliran 17
0,0000 2523,9899
Aliran 16 Aliran 17 Komponen VIS A VIS B μ 350.41
0,0000 2523,9899 Etilen 168.98 93.94 0.048243
181,7452 0,0000 Etanol 686.64 300.88 0.475815
1620,2704 1,2626 Air 658.25 283.16 0.357987
1802,0156 2525,2525 Total μmix 0.36019
AR
KODE NAMA ALAT
L-227 Pompa Cooling Tower
P-230 Cooling Tower
L-231 Pompa Sirkulasi Cooling Water
D-240 Deaerator
F-241 Tangki Hydrazin
L-242 Pompa Air Umpan Boiler
P-250 Generator
Q-260 Boiler
F-270 Tangki Pendingin Nitrogen Cair
L-271 Pompa Nitrogen cair
E-311 Condensor
KODE NAMA ALAT

si L-227 Pompa Cooling Tower
nger P-230 Cooling Tower
r L-231 Pompa Sirkulasi Cooling Water
nger D-240 Deaerator
ater L-242 Pompa Air Umpan Boiler
nk P-250 Generator
nger P-230 Cooling Tower
r L-231 Pompa Sirkulasi Cooling Water
nger D-240 Deaerator
ater L-242 Pompa Air Umpan Boiler
nk P-250 Generator
r Q-260 Boiler
3 F-270 Tangki Pendingin Nitrogen Cair
L-271 Pompa Nitrogen cair
ngin E-311 Condensor
K
K
LAMPIRAN A
NERACA MASSA
Kapasitas Produksi = 300000 ton/tahun

Hari kerja = 330 hari
Produksi Etilen perjam operasi = 37878.7879 kg/jam
Basis operasi = 1 jam
Basis Bahan Baku = 1000 kg/jam
Spesifikasi bahan baku = Etanol = 0.9500

= Air = 0.0500
Spesifikasi Produk = Etilen = 0.9900

= air = 0.0100
Diketahui :
Konstanta Antoine masing-masing komponen (Coulson vol.6, app.D)
Komponen A B C BM
Etilen 15.5368 1347.0100 -18.15 28.054
Etanol 18.9119 3803.9800 -41.68 46.069
Air 18.3036 3816.4400 -46.13 18.015
1. Neraca Massa di sekitar Mixer

Mixer berfungsi sebagai tempat pencampuran fresh feed dan recycle feed
aliran 1 aliran 2
Mixer
aliran 4
Umpan masuk : 1000.0000 kg/jam = 7920.0000 ton/tahun
Komposisi umpan masuk :

Etanol kemurnian 95% Etanol = 950.0000 kg/jam
Air = 50.0000 kg/jam
Neraca massa : Aliran masuk = Aliran keluar
Aliran 1 + Aliran 4 = Aliran 2
Aliran 1 : Etanol = 767.6024 kg/jam

Tabel A.1 Neraca Massa di sekitar Mixer
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
Aliran 1 Aliran 4 Aliran 2 0.96
Etanol 767.6024 182.3976 950.0000
Air 32.4050 17.5950 50.0000
Total 800.0074 199.9926 1000.0000
1000.0000
2. Neraca Massa di sekitar Vaporizer

Vaporizer berfungsi untuk menguapkan bahan baku sebagai treatment sebelum
masuk ke reaktor fixed bed multitube
aliran 2 aliran 3
Vaporizer
Kondisi operasi : P = 1 atm = 760.002100179 mmHg

T = 79.6230 °C = 352.773 K
Aliran masuk : Aliran 2
Komponen kg/jam
Etanol 950.0000
Air 50.0000
Total 1000.0000
*Perhitungan Kondisi Bubble Point

Trial Suhu dan tekanan, Trial dianggap benar jika ∑yi = 1
P = 1 atm = 760.002100179 mmHg
T = 79.0590 °C = 352.209 K
Dimana yi = xi * Ki
Komponen xi Ki yi Pi
Etanol 0.9500 1.0290 0.9775 782.0360
Air 0.0500 0.4500 0.0225 341.9939
Total 1.0000 1.4790 1.0000
*Perhitungan Kondisi Dew Point
Trial Suhu dan tekanan, Trial dianggap benar jika ∑xi = 1
P = 1 atm = 760.002100179 mmHg
T = 79.9159 °C = 353.065934774 K
Dimana xi = yi / Ki
Komponen yi Ki xi Pi
Etanol 0.9500 1.0643 0.8926 808.8495
Air 0.0500 0.4659 0.1073 354.1089

Total 1.0000 1.5302 0.9999
*Perhitungan Kondisi Operasi

Untuk mengetahui kondisi T dan P operasi digunakan persamaan flash calculation
(10.17 hal 368 Smith Van Ness) dengan asumsi 80% bahan baku menjadi uap
Dimana xi = fraksi cair feed
yi = fraksi uap
L+V=1
Persamaan sebagai berikut :
yi = xi*Ki/(1+V*(Ki-1)
∑ yi = ∑ xi*Ki/(1+V*(Ki-1)=1
Pi = exp (A-(B/(T+C)))
Ki = Pi komponen / P sistem (P operasi)
P = 1 atm = 760.002100179 mmHg
T = 79.6230 °C = 352.773 K
V = 0.8000
Komponen zi Pi Ki yi xi
Etanol 0.9500 799.5984 1.0521 0.9595 0.9120
Air 0.0500 349.9277 0.4604 0.0405 0.0880
Total 1.0000 1.5125 1.0000 1.0000
maka massa :
vapor = 800.0000 kmol/jam
liquid = 200.0000 kmol/jam
3. Neraca Massa di sekitar Separator

Separator merupakan unit setelah vaporizer yang fungsinya untuk memisahkan
fraksi uap dan fraksi cair keluaran vaporizer, dimana 80%=distilat, 20%=bottom
aliran 5
Separator
Separator01
aliran 3
aliran 4
Berdasarkan komposisi V dan L dari vaporizer maka dapat ditentukan massa V dan
L untuk aliran masuk (aliran 3), aliran bottom (aliran 4) dan aliran distilat (aliran 5)
Dimana zi = (Li+Vi) / (L+V)
yi = Vi / V
xi = Li / L
Aliran 3 : kg/jam
Komponen zi L+V
Etanol 0.9500 950.0000
Air 0.0500 50.0000
Total 1.0000 1000.0000
Aliran 4 :
Komponen xi L
Etanol 0.9120 182.3976
Air 0.0880 17.5950
Total 1.0000 199.9926
Aliran 5 :
Komponen yi V
Etanol 0.9595 767.6024
Air 0.0405 32.4050
Total 1.0000 800.0074
Tabel A.2 Neraca Massa di sekitar Separator

Masuk Keluar
Komponen
Aliran 3 Aliran 4 Aliran 5
Etanol 950.0000 182.3976 767.6024
Air 50.0000 17.5950 32.4050
Total 1000.0000 199.9926 800.0074
1000.0000
4. Neraca Massa di sekitar Reaktor
Reaktor berfungsi sebagai wadah reaksi pembentukan etilen dari etanol, dimana ber-
operasi dalam suhu 423°C dan tekanan 1 atm
aliran 7
aliran 6 : Feed in (gas)

aliran 7 : Gas out
steam
Reaktor
aliran 6
Konversi reaksi di reaktor = 99.1 %

Massa masuk reaktor = Etanol dengan impurities air
Etanol = 767.602369027 kg/jam = 16.66201 kmol/h
Air = 32.4050189649 kg/jam = 1.79878 kmol/h
Total = 800.007387992 kg/jam = 18.46079 kmol/h
Reaksi yang terjadi :

C₂H₅OH ---> C₂H₄ + H₂O
Mula-mula 16.66201 0 1.79878
Bereaksi 16.51206 16.51206 16.51206
Akhir 0.149958 16.51206 18.31084
Tabel A.3 Neraca Massa di sekitar Reaktor
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
Aliran 6 Aliran 7
Etilen 0.0000 463.2292
Etanol 767.6024 6.9084
Air 32.4050 329.8697
Total 800.0074 800.0074
5. Neraca Massa di sekitar Menara Distilasi

Menara distilasi berfungsi sebagai unit pemurnian produk, dimana kemurnian produk
yang diinginkan sebesar 99,95% dengan air dan etanol sebagai impurity nya, sebelum
masuk MD, produk keluaran reaktor terlebih dahulu diturunkan suhunya dengan
cooler dan dinaikan tekanannya hingga mencapai suhu masuk umpan distilasi
aliran 10
Distilasi
aliran 9
Distilasi
aliran 11
Aliran 10 :
Etilen = 463.2292 kg/jam
Etanol = 6.9084 kg/jam
Air = 329.8697 kg/jam
Total = 800.0074 kg/jam
Menentukan Profil Suhu Atas dan Bawah Kolom Distilasi

Poperasi = 1 atm = 760.00 mmHg
KONDISI UMPAN
*Menentukan Tin = 179.33 K = -93.81900 o
C
Komp F10 (kg/jam) zi Pi (mmHg) Ki yi
Etilen 463.2292 0.5790 1312.4797 1.727 0.99995620219
Etanol HK 6.9084 0.0086 0.0002 0.00000021 1.849669E-09
Air 329.8697 0.4123 0.0000 0.000000042 1.7389862E-08
Total 800.0074 1.0000 1312.4799 1.727 1.0000
Light Key Component = etilen

Heavy Key Component = etanol
cek
Komp αi Zi/αi fraksi n
Etilen 40947871 0.0000 0.0000
Etanol HK 5.0788 0.0017 0.0041
Air 1.0000 0.4123 0.9959
Total 40947878 0.4140 1.0000
Komposisi
komponen distilat bottom
etilen 99.95 0.05000
etanol 0.01 99.9900
air 0.040 99.9600
100.00 200.00
Distilat
Komponen kg/jam Kemurnian
Etilen 462.9976 0.999713603837141
Etanol 0.0007
Air 0.1319
Jumlah 463.13026739569
bottom
Etilen 0.23161462164291 0.000687534437581
Etanol 6.90773047911047
Air 329.73777549539
Jumlah 336.877120596144
Tabel A.5 Neraca Massa di sekitar Menara Distilasi

Masuk Keluar
Komponen
Etilen 463.2292 462.9976 0.2316
Etanol 6.9084 0.0007 6.9077
Air 329.8697 0.1319 329.7378
Total 800.0074 463.1303 336.8771
800.0074
Yield yang dihasilkan :

Mol Produk 16.51
= = x 100% = 89.44%
Mol Bahan 18.46
Neraca Massa Overall

Massa masuk = Massa Keluar
Aliran 1 = Aliran 10 + Aliran 11
Komponen Aliran 1 Aliran 10 Aliran 11
Etilen 0.0000 462.9976 0.2316
Etanol 767.6024 0.0007 6.9077
Air 32.4050 0.1319 329.7378
Total 800.0074 463.1303 336.8771
800.0074 800.0074
0.99971360384 81788.6252431542
Produk = 463.1303
Faktor Pengali 37878.7879
=
463.1303
= 81.7886252431542
0.9500
0.0500
0.9900
0.0100
A-32
LAMPIRAN A
NERACA MASSA
Kapasitas Produksi = 300000 ton/tahun
Hari kerja = 330 hari
Produksi Etilen perjam opera= 37878.7879 kg/jam
Basis operasi = 1 jam
Basis Perhitungan = 81788.6 kg/jam
Faktor Pengali = 81.7886
Diketahui :
Konstanta Antoine masing-masing komponen (Coulson vol.6, app.D)
Komponen A B C BM
Etilen 15.5368 1347.0100 -18.15 28.054
Etanol 18.9119 3803.9800 -41.68 46.069
Air 18.3036 3816.4400 -46.13 18.015

A-33
1. Neraca Massa di sekitar Mixer
Mixer berfungsi sebagai tempat pencampuran fresh feed dan recycle feed
aliran 1 aliran 2
Mixer
aliran 4
Umpan masuk 81788.62524 kg/jam = 647765.9119 ton/tahun
Komposisi umpan masuk :
Etanol kemurnian 95% Etanol = 77699.19398 kg/jam
Air = 4089.4313 kg/jam
Neraca massa Aliran masuk = Aliran keluar
Aliran 1 + Aliran 4 = Aliran 2
Aliran 1 :Etanol = 62781.1425 kg/jam
Air = 2650.3620 kg/jam
Air = 1439.0693 kg/jam
Air = 4089.4313 kg/jam
Tabel A.1 Neraca Massa di sekitar Mixer

A-34
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
Etanol 62781.1425 14918.0515 77699.1940
Air 2650.3620 1439.0693 4089.4313
Total 65431.5044 16357.1208 81788.6252
81788.6252
2. Neraca Massa di sekitar Vaporizer
Vaporizer berfungsi untuk menguapkan bahan baku sebagai treatment sebelum
masuk ke reaktor fixed bed multitube
aliran 2 aliran 3
Vaporizer
Kondisi operasP = 1 atm = 760 mmHg
T= 79.6230 °C = 353 K
Aliran masuk : Aliran 2
Komponen kg/jam
Etanol 77699.1940
Air 4089.4313
Total 81788.6252
A-35
*Perhitungan Kondisi Bubble Point
P = 1 atm = 760.0021002 mmHg
T = 79.0580 °C = 352.208 K
Dimana yi = xi * Ki
Etanol 0.9500 1.0290 0.9775 782.0052
Air 0.0500 0.4500 0.0225 341.9800
Total 1.0000 1.4789 1.0000
*Perhitungan Kondisi Dew Point
P = 1 atm = 760.0021002 mmHg
T = 79.9150 °C = 353.065 K
Dimana xi = yi / Ki
Etanol 0.9500 1.0642 0.8927 808.8198
Air 0.0500 0.4659 0.1073 354.0955
Total 1.0000 1.5301 1.0000
*Perhitungan Kondisi Operasi
Untuk mengetahui kondisi T dan P operasi digunakan persamaan flash calculation

A-36
(10.17 hal 368 Smith Van Ness) dengan asumsi 80% bahan baku menjadi uap
Dimana xi = fraksi cair feed
yi = fraksi uap
L+V=1
yi = xi*Ki/(1+V*(Ki-1)
∑ yi = ∑ xi*Ki/(1+V*(Ki-1)=1
Pi = exp (A-(B/(T+C)))
Ki = Pi k
P = 1 atm = 760.0021002 mmHg
T = 79.6230 °C = 352.773 K
V = 0.8000
Etanol 0.9500 799.5984 1.0521 0.9595 0.9120
Air 0.0500 349.9277 0.4604 0.0405 0.0880
Total 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
maka massa :
vapor = 65430.9002 kg/jam
liquid = 16357.7250 kmol/jam
Neraca masa di Favorizer
aliran 2 (kmol/jam)
aliran 3 (kmol/jam)
A-37
aliran 3 (kmol/jam)
etanol air
liquid 77699.1940 4089.4313 16357.7250
vapor - 65430.9002
total 81788.6252 81788.6252
3. Neraca Massa di sekitar Separator
Separator merupakan unit setelah vaporizer yang fungsinya untuk memisahkan
fraksi uap dan fraksi cair keluaran vaporizer, dimana 80%=distilat, 20%=bottom
aliran 5
Separator
Separator01
aliran 3
aliran 4
Berdasarkan komposisi V dan L dari vaporizer maka dapat ditentukan massa V dan
L untuk aliran masuk (aliran 3), aliran bottom (aliran 4) dan aliran distilat (al
Dimana zi = (Li+Vi) / (L+V)
yi = Vi / V
xi = Li / L
Aliran 3 : KG/JAM
Komponen zi L+V(kmol/jam
A-38
Etanol 0.9500 77699.1940
Air 0.0500 4089.4313
Total 1.0000 81788.6252
Aliran 4 :
Komponen xi L
Etanol 0.9120 14918.0515
Air 0.0880 1439.0693
Total 1.0000 16357.1208
Aliran 5 :
Komponen yi V
Etanol 0.9595 62781.1425
Air 0.0405 2650.3620
Total 1.0000 65431.5044
Tabel A.2 Neraca Massa di sekitar Separator
Masuk Keluar (kg/jam)

Komponen
Etanol 77699.1940 14918.0515 62781.1425
Air 4089.4313 1439.0693 2650.3620
Total 81788.6252 16357.1208 65431.5044
81788.6252
A-39
4. Neraca Massa di sekitar Reaktor
Reaktor berfungsi sebagai wadah reaksi pembentukan etilen dari etanol, dimana ber-
operasi dalam suhu 423°C dan tekanan 1 atm
aliran 7
aliran 6 : Feed in (gas)
aliran 7 : Gas out

steam
Reaktor
aliran 6
Konversi reaksi di reakt= 99.1 %
Massa masuk reaktor = Etanol dengan impurities air
Etanol = 62781.1425 kg/jam = 1362.7633 kmol/h
Air = 2650.3620 kg/jam = 147.1197 kmol/h
Total = 65431.5044 kg/jam = 1509.8830 kmol/h

A-40
C₂H₅OH ---> C₂H₄ + H₂O
Mula-mula 1362.7633 0.0000 147.1197
Bereaksi 1350.4984 1350.4984 1350.4984
Akhir 12.2649 1350.4984 1497.6182
Tabel A.3 Neraca Massa di sekitar Reaktor
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
Aliran 6 Aliran 7
Etilen 0.0000 37886.8830
Etanol 62781.1425 565.0303
Air 2650.3620 26979.5912
Total 65431.5044 65431.5044
5. Neraca Massa di sekitar Menara Distilasi
Menara distilasi berfungsi sebagai unit pemurnian produk, dimana kemurnian produk
yang diinginkan sebesar 99,95% dengan air dan etanol sebagai impurity nya, sebelum
masuk MD, produk keluaran reaktor terlebih dahulu diturunkan suhunya dengan
cooler dan dinaikan tekanannya hingga mencapai suhu masuk umpan distilasi
aliran 17
A-41
aliran 10
Distilasi
aliran 16
Aliran 10 :
Etilen = 37886.8830 kg/jam =
Etanol = 565.0303 kg/jam =
Air = 26979.5912 kg/jam =
Total = 65431.5044 kg/jam =
Menentukan Profil Suhu Atas dan Bawah Kolom Distilasi

KONDISI UMPAN
*Menentukan T=
in 179.33 K = -93.82 o
C
Komp FA0 (kg/jam) zi Pi (mmHg) Ki yi

A-42
Etilen 37886.8830 0.5790 1312.6313 1.727 1.00007
Etanol HK 565.0303 0.0086 0.0002 0.0000 1.9E-09
Air 26979.5912 0.4123 0.0000 0.0000 1.7E-08
Total 65431.5044 1.0000 1312.6315 1.727 1.000
cek
Komp αi Zi/αi fraksi n ki*xi
Etilen 4.1E+07 0.0000 0.0000 1.727
Etanol HK 5.0786 0.0017 0.0041 0.000
Air 1.0000 0.4123 0.9959 0.000
Total 4.1E+07 0.4140 1.0000 1.727
Light Key Component = etilen

Heavy Key Component = Air
Komposisi
kompone distilat bottom
etilen 99.95 0.05000
etanol 0.01 99.9900
air 0.040 99.9600
100.00 200.00
Distilat
Etilen 37867.9395392856 0.99971360383714
Etanol 0.05650302824649
Air 10.7918364739911
Jumlah 37878.7878787879
bottom
Etilen 18.9434414903869 0.00068753443758
A-43
Etanol 564.973779436681
Air 26968.7993485038
Jumlah 27552.7165694309 1.0004011383
Tabel A.5 Neraca Massa di sekitar Menara Distilasi
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
Etilen 37886.8830 37867.9395 18.9434
Etanol 565.0303 0.0565 564.9738
Air 26979.5912 10.7918 26968.7993
Total 65431.5044 37878.7879 27552.7166
65431.5044
Yield yang dihasilkan :
Mol Produk 1350.42 89.44%

= = x 100% =
Mol Bahan 1509.88
Neraca Massa Overall
Massa masuk = Massa Keluar
Aliran 1 = Aliran 17 + Aliran 16
Komponen Aliran 1 Aliran 17 Aliran 16
Etilen 0.0000 37867.9395 18.9434
Etanol 62781.1425 0.0565 564.9738
Air 2650.3620 10.7918 26968.7993
Total 65431.5044 37878.7879 27552.7166

A-44
65431.5044 65431.5044
A-45
unkan suhunya dengan

A-46
A-47
A-48
37868 kg/jam
B-49
LAMPIRAN B
NERACA PANAS
B.1. Kapasitas panas gas masing-masing komponen
Cp = A + BT + CT2 + DT3+ET4
Dimana : Cp = Kapasitas panas gas pada suhu T (KJ/kmol K)
A, B, C, D, E = Konstanta
T = suhu (K)
Komponen A B C D E
Etilen 3.21E+01 -1.48E-02 0.0002477 -2.38E-07 6.83E-11
Etanol 2.71E+01 1.11E-01 1.10E-04 -1.50E-07 4.66E-11
Air 3.39E+01 -8.42E-03 2.99E-05 -1.78E-08 3.69E-12
B.2. Kapasitas panas liquid masing-masing komponen
Komponen A B C D
Etilen 2.56E+01 5.7078E-01 -3.36E-03 8.41E-06
Etanol 5.93E+01 3.6358E-01 -1.22E-03 1.80E-06
Air 9.21E+01 -0.039953 -2.110E-04 5.35E-07

B-50
B.3. Konstanta Antoine masing-masing komponen
Ln Po = A-(B/C+T)
Dimana : Po = tekanan uap murni komponen pada T (mmHg)
T = suhu (K)
A, B, C = konstanta
Komponen A B C
Etilen 15.5368 1347.0100 -18.15
Etanol 18.9119 3803.9800 -41.68
Air 18.3036 3816.4400 -46.13
B.4. Panas Penguapan
Untuk mencari panas penguapan pada suhu tertentu digunakan persamaan :
Hv = A (1 – T/Tc)n
Dimana :
Tc = suhu kritis masing-masing komponen (K)
Hv1 = panas penguapan pada titik didihnya (KJ/kmol)
Td = titik didih masing-masing komponen (K)
Komponen Tc Hv Td A n
Etilen 282.36 13.46 169.47 19.986 0.431
Etanol 516.25 39.4 351.44 43.122 0.079
Air 647.13 39.5 273.15 52.053 0.321
(Reff. : Yaws, Thermodinamics and Physical Data)

B-51
B.5. Panas Pembentukan standart
Panas pembentukan standart pada suhu 298 K (J/mol)
Komponen BM ∆Hf
Etilen 28.054 52510
Etanol 46.069 -235100
Air 18.015 -241818
Reff : Smith, J.M., Van Ness
1. Neraca Panas di Mixer
H1 H2
Mixer
H4
Q Masuk Q Keluar
Komponen
Etanol 62781.1425 14918.0515 77699.1940
Air 2650.3620 1439.0693 4089.4313
Total 65431.5044 16357.1208 81788.6252
81788.6252 81788.6252
Q masuk = Q keluar
H1 + H4 = H2
* Menghitung H1
B-52
T = 30 oC = 303.15 K
T reff. = 25 oC = 298.15 K
P = 1 atm
Etanol 1362.7633 538.5019 733850.6501
Air 147.1197 377.4864 55535.6949
Total 789386.3449
* Menghitung H4
T = 30.0000 oC = 303.150 K
P = 1 atm
Etanol 323.8197 538.5019 174377.5494
Air 79.8817 377.4864 30154.2640
Total 204531.8135
jadi Q masuk = H1 + H4
Q masuk = 993918.1584 kJ/h
* Menghitung H2
H2 = Q masuk
H2 = 993918.1584 kJ/h
Suhu aliran 2 tak diketahui, maka untuk mencari suhu tersebut digunakan trial and
error. Suhu trial dianggap benar, jika nilai panas yang dihasilkan sama dengan jum-
lah panas H2
Trial Suhu = 30.00 o

C = 303.15 K

B-53
Etanol 1686.5830 538.5019 908228.1995
Air 227.0015 377.4864 85689.9589
Total 993918.1584
* Jadi suhu aliran 2 = 30 oC = 303.15 K
Tabel B.1 Neraca Panas Mixer
Q Masuk Q Keluar
Komponen
H1 H4 H2
Etanol 733850.6501 174377.5494 908228.1995
Air 55535.6949 30154.2640 85689.9589
Total 789386.3449 204531.8135 993918.1584
993918.1584
2. Neraca Panas di Vaporizer

steam 450°C
250°C
H3 + Q supply
Vaporizer Qv + Qs(cair) + Qs (gas)
Kondensat
Tin = 30.00 o
C = 303.15 K
Tout = 79.62 o
C = 352.77 K
Tstd = 25 o
C = 298.15 K
B-54
Tsteam = 450 o
C = 723.15 K
* Menentukan Suhu Keluaran
a.Perhitungan Kondisi Bubble Point
P = 1 atm = 760.00210018 mmHg
T = 79.058 °C = 352.208 K
Dimana yi = xi * Ki
Etanol 0.9500 1.0290 0.9775 782.0052
Air 0.0500 0.4500 0.0225 341.9800
Total 1.0000 1.4789 1.0000
b.Perhitungan Kondisi Dew Point
P = 1 atm = 760.00210018 mmHg
T = 79.914 °C = 353.064 K
Dimana xi = yi / Ki
Etanol 0.9500 1.0642 0.8927 808.7881
Air 0.0500 0.4659 0.1073 354.0812
Total 1.0000 1.5301 1.0000
c.Perhitungan Kondisi Operasi
Trial suhu dan tekanan dimana menghasilkan komposisi uap-cair 80% : 20%,
trial dianggap benar jika ∑yi = 1
P = 1 atm = 760.00210018 mmHg

B-55
T = 79.6220 °C = 352.772 K
V = 0.8000
Etanol 0.9500 799.5670 1.0521 0.9595 0.9120
Air 0.0500 349.9135 0.4604 0.0405 0.0880
Total 1.0000 1.5125 1.0000 1.0000
Suhu keluaran vaporizer adalah suhu pada kondisi operasi, karena memberikan
komposisi uap-cair yang diinginkan yaitu 80% banding 20%
* Panas Masuk Vaporizer
* Panas Masuk Vaporizer = 30.00 °C = 303.15 K
Komponen n (kmol/h) Cp*dT Q (KJ/h)
Etanol 1686.5830 538.5019 908228.1995
Air 227.0015 377.4864 85689.9589
Total 993918.1584
* Menentukan Panas Sensibel Cairan dari
30.00 o
C ke = 79.058 o
C (kondisi bubble point)
Komponen n (kmol/h) Cp*dT Qs (KJ/h)
Etanol 1686.5830 5465.9799 9218829.0523
Air 227.0015 3688.0754 837198.4883
Total 10056027.5406
* Menentukan Panas laten Penguapan
* Untuk menghitung Entalpi panas penguapan (Hv) digunakan
Persamaan Watson : λv/λv1 =( Tc-T/Tc-T1)^n
Dimana : λv : Entalpi penguapan pada suhu tertentu (KJ/kmol)
λv1 : Entalpi penguapan pada suhu refference (KJ/kmol)

B-56
T : suhu tertentu = 352.77 K
T1 : suhu refferensi komponen (K)
Tc : Titik kritis (K)
n : konstanta persamaan
Komponen Tc T1 λv1 λv
Etanol 516.25 351.44 39.4 39.3747
Air 647.13 273.15 39.5 36.5782
Panas laten Penguapan
Komponen n (kmol/h) Qv (kJ/h)
Etanol 1686.5830 66408.7851
Air 227.0015 8303.2967
Total 74712.0818
* Menentukan Jumlah Panas yang di Supply
H3 + Q supply = Qs + Qv
Q supply = 9136821.4639 kJ/h
*Sehingga steam yang dibutuhkan:
m (steam) = Q supply/λ
λ steam (450oC; 1,01325 Bar) = 3382.3 kJ/kg
(Chemical Logic Steam Tab.Companion, Superheated Steam)
massa steam = 2701.3634 Kg/h
Tabel B.2 Neraca Panas Vaporizer
Q masuk Q keluar
Komponen
H2 Q supply Qs Qv
B-57
Etanol 908228.1995 9218829.0523 66408.785

9136821.464
Air 85689.9589 837198.4883 8303.2967
Total 10130739.6224 10130739.6224
3. Neraca Panas di Separator
Vapor
Vapor + S-01
S
Liquid
Liquid
in (kg/h) out (kg/h)

Komponen
V+L V L
Etanol 77699.1940 62781.14 ###
Air 4089.4313 ### ###
Total 81788.6252 81788.6252
*Menghitung Panas Keluar (gas)
Komponen n (kmol/h) Q (kJ/h)
Etanol 1362.7633 5211386.3991
Air 147.1197 271547.5267
Total 1509.8830 5482933.9258
*Menghitung Panas Keluar (liquid)

B-58
Komponen n (kmol/h) Q (kJ/h)
Etanol 323.8197 1965432.7507
Air 79.8817 328150.6277
Total 403.7015 2293583.3784
Tabel B.3 Neraca Panas Separator
Q masuk Q keluar
Komponen
V+L V L
Etanol 7176819.1497 5211386.3991 1965432.7507
Air 599698.1544 271547.5267 328150.6277
Total 7776517.3041 7776517.3041
4. Neraca Panas di Heater
steam 450.00 o
C
79.62 o
C Heater 423 C
o
steam 450.00 o
C
Tin = 79.62 o
C = 352.77 K
B-59
Tout = 423.00 o
C = 696.15 K
T steam = 450.00 o
C = 723.15 K
Tstd = 25.00 o
C = 298.15 K
* Menghitung Panas Aliran Masuk
T = 79.62 o
C = 352.77 K
Etanol 1362.7633 3824.1317 5211386.3991
Air 147.1197 1845.7587 271547.52668
Total 5482933.9258
* Menghitung Panas Aliran Keluar
T = 423.00 o
C = 696.15 K
Etanol 1362.7633 36975.0188 50388198.625
Air 147.1197 14046.1673 2066468.3476
Total 52454666.972
* Menghitung Panas yang diperlukan
Q = Q aliran keluar - Q aliran masuk
= 52454666.972 - 5482933.9258
= 46971733.047 kJ/jam
*Menghitung Kebutuhan Steam
Steam yang digunakan adalah superheated steam 450oC, tekanan 1 atm
H = 3382.8200 kJ/kg
m = Q steam / H steam
B-60
= 770.76756026 kg/jam
neraca panas
Komponen Q masuk Q keluar
Etanol 5211386.3991 50388198.625
Air 271547.5267 2066468.3476
Supply 4.70E+07 -
Total 52454666.972 52454666.9723
5. Neraca Panas di Reaktor (Fixed Bed Multitube)

Q keluar
Steam
Steam Condensate
B-61
Q masuk
Menghitung panas feed masuk reaktor (Q feed)

Tref = 298.15 K ; T feed = 423.00 o
C = 696.15 K
Komponen n (kmol/h) Q (KJ/h)
Etanol 1362.763 50388198.625 Etanol = 62781.122252
Air 147.1197 2066468.3476 Air = 2680.8968114
Total 1509.883 52454666.972 Total = 65462.019063
Menghitung panas reaksi (Q reaksi)
Reaksi
C₂H₅OH → C₂H₄ + H₂O
C₂H₅OH ---> C₂H₄ + H₂O
Mula-mula 1362.7628612 0 148.81469949
Bereaksi 1350.4979954 1350.4979954 1350.4979954
Akhir 12.264865751 1350.4979954 1499.3126949
* ∆H reaksi
Entalpi Pembentukan Standar
m n Hf
Komponen
kg/jam kmol/jam kJ/kmol
B-62
Etanol 62781.1425 1362.7633 -235100.000
air 2650.3620 147.1197 -241818.000
Total
Entalpi Pembentukan Produk
m n Hf
Komponen
etilen 37886.8830 1350.4984 52510.0000
Etanol 565.0303 12.2649 -235100.0000
air 26979.5912 1497.6182 -241818.0000
Total
∆HR 25oC = ∆Hof (produk) - ∆Hof (reaktan)
= 61842024.1483
Q reaksi adalah Q yang diperlukan untuk reaksi di dalam reaktor, dimana reaksi meru-
pakan reaksi endotermis (∆Hr positif) sehingga perlu ditambahkan steam untuk men-
capai suhu optimum sesuai dengan konversi yang diinginkan)
T reaksi = 423 0
C = 696.15 K
T referensi = 25 0
C = 298.15 K
Tabel Panas Keluar Reaktor
m n ∫Cp dt
Komponen
B-63
etilen 37886.8708 1350.4980 24221.5579
etanol 565.0301 12.2649 36975.0188
air 27010.1182 1499.3127 14046.1673
total
*) Menghitung kebutuhan panas total direaktor
Q reaksi = 61842024.1483
Q produk = 54224255.9850
Q reaktan = 52454666.9723
Q total = Q reaktan - Q produk - Q reaksi
= -60072435.13557780
Sehingga panas yang dibutuhkan adalah -60072435.1356
Panas disupply menggunakan bantuan steam. Suhu steam masuk yang digunakan
adalah 450 dan suhu keluar 423 dengan tekanan 1 atm
Dari App A.2 Geankoplis, 2003 diperoleh Cp air = 0.9989
= 4.1820
massa steam yang dibutuhkan
Q = m . Cp. ΔT
Q
m =
Cp. ΔT
-60072435.1356
m = = 532019.369923817
4.1820 ( 450 - 423 )
B-64
Tabel B.4 Neraca Panas Reaktor
Q in (kJ/jam) Q out (kJ/jam)

Komponen
Q5 Q15
Etilen 0.0000 32711165.4538
Etanol 50388198.6247 453493.6414
Air 2066468.3476 21059596.8899
Steam -60072435.1356 0.0000
Panas reaksi 61842024.1483 0.0000
Total 54224255.9850 54224255.9850
6. Neraca Panas di Cooler
water 45.00 C
o
423.00 o
C 50.00 o
C
Cooler
Cooler01
water -10.00 C
o
Tin = 423.00 o
C = 696.15 K
Tout = 50.00 o
C = 323.15 K
t1 = -10.00 o
C = 263.15 K
t2 = 45.00 o
C = 318.15 K
Tstd = 25.00 o
C = 298.15 K
B-65
P = 1.0000 atm
* Menghitung Panas Aliran Masuk
T = 423.00 o
C = 696.15 K
Etilen 1350.4984 24221.5579 32711176.002
Etanol 12.2649 36975.0188 453493.78762
Air 1497.6182 14046.1673 21035795.194
Total 54200464.984
* Menghitung Panas Aliran Keluar
T = 50.00 o
C = 323.15 K
Etilen 1350.4984 1122.4501 1515867.1399
Etanol 12.2649 1698.2607 20828.946564
Air 1497.6182 842.6155 1261916.331
Total 2798612.4175
* Menghitung Panas yang diserap
Q masuk = Q keluar + Q yang diserap
Q diserap = Q aliran masuk - Q aliran keluar
= 54200464.984 - 2798612.4175
= 51401852.566 kJ/jam
*Menghitung Kebutuhan Air Pendingin
m = Q supply/(Cp*(t2-t1) Cp = 4.186 kJ/kgoC
m = 223263.0525 kg/h
B-66
Neraca Panas sekitar Cooler
Qin (kJ/jam) Qout (kJ/jam)

komponen
Q4 Q5
Etilen 32711176.002 1515867.1399
Etanol 453493.78762 20828.946564
Air 21035795.194 1261916.331
pendingin 51401852.566
Total 54200464.984 54200464.984
7. Neraca Panas di Condensor
Condensor berfungsi untuk mengubah sebagian fase produk keluaran reaktor sesuai
dengan umpan masuk menara distilasi yang berfase uap-cair, serta untuk mengetahui
berapa komposisi uap dan berapa komposisi cair nya.
Water -10.00
50.00 -7.00
Condensor
Water 45.00
Tin = 50.00 o
C = 323.15 K
Tout = -7.00 o
C = 266.15 K
t in = -10.00 o
C = 263.15 K
t out = 45.00 o
C = 318.15 K
Tstd = 25.00 o
C = 298.15 K
B-67
* Menentukan kondisi operasi
Kondisi operasi ditentukan berdasarkan komposisi uap-cair komponen produk
yang didapat dengan menggunakan persamaan flash calculation. Kondisi produk
dari reaktor diinginkan uap seluruhnya agar mengoptimalkan kerja kondensor serta
memudahkan dalam perhitungan.
P(saturated) = ln P(saturated) = A - B/(T + C)
berdasarkan Trial Tekanan dan suhu
P = 1.0000 atm = 760.0 mmHg
T = -7.000 o
C = 266.15 K
Dimana: xi = fraksi cair
yi = fraksi uap
L+V =1
Ki = P(sat)/P
xi=zi/(L+ki-(L*ki)
∑ xi = ∑ zi/(L+ki-(L*ki)=1
L = 1.0000
Komp. zi Ki xi P sat
Etilen 0.4721 32.201 0.4721 24472.5672
Etanol 0.0043 0.0094 0.0043 7.1378
Air 0.5236 0.0034 0.5236 2.6058
Total 1.0000 1.0000
Jadi nilai V = 0.0000
Maka :
B-68
Komposisi Aliran keluar Condensor
Komponen (kg/jam)
Etilen 17887.8855
Etanol 2.4228
Air 14125.7823
* Menentukan Panas Masuk 323.15 K
Komponen kmol Q (kJ/h)
Etilen 1350.4984 1515867.13992876
Etanol 12.2649 20828.9465635029
Air 1497.6182 1261916.3310312
Total 2860.3815 2798612.41752346
*Menentukan Panas Laten
Panas laten yang dihitung hanya jumlah uap yang berubah menjadi cairan
* Untuk menghitung Entalpi panas penguapan (Hv) digunakan Persamaan
Watson : λv/λv1 =( Tc-T/Tc-T1)^n
Dimana : λv : Entalpi penguapan pada suhu tertentu (KJ/kmol)

λv1 : Entalpi penguapan pada suhu refference (KJ/kmol)
T : suhu tertentu 323.15 K

T1 : suhu refferensi komponen (K)
TC : Titik kritis (K)
n : konstanta persamaan
Komponen Tc T1 λv1 λv
B-69
Etilen 282.36 169.47 13.46 -71.5986
Etanol 516.25 351.44 39.4 39.8962
Air 647.13 273.15 39.5 37.7215
Total 6.0191
Komponen n kmol Q v (KJ/h)
Etilen 637.6234 -45652.9104
Etanol 0.05259 2.0981
Air 784.1123 29577.9010
Total 1421.788 -16072.9113
* Menentukan Panas Keluar T = 266.15 K
Berdasarkan perhitungan kondisi uap-cair pada kondisi operasi tersebut maka
terdapat dua fase produk keluaran condensor yaitu uap dan cair.
Komponen n kmol Qout (KJ/h)
Etilen 637.6234 -2209050.6956
Etanol 0.05259 -177.73655148
Air 784.1123 -1907238.1358
Total 1421.788 -4116466.5679
*Neraca Energi
Q masuk = Q keluar
H8 + Qv = + H9 + Q cw
Q cw = 6899006.0741 kJ/h
B-70
*Menghitung Kebutuhan Pendingin
m = Q supply/(Cp*(t2-t1) Cp = 4.186 kJ/kgoC
m = 29965.7129 kg/h
Tabel B.5 Neraca Panas Condensor
Q in
Komponen
H in Qv
Etilen 1515867.1399 -45652.9104
Etanol 20828.9466 2.0981
Air 1261916.331 29577.9010
Total 2782539.5062
Q out
Komponen
Hout Q cw
Etilen -2209050.6956
Etanol -177.73655148 6899006.0741
Air -1907238.1358
Total 2782539.5062
neraca massa sekita condensor
Qin Qout
Komponen
Hin Qv Hout Q cw
Etilen 1515867.1399 -45652.9104 -2209050.6956
Etanol 20828.9466 2.0981 -177.73655148 6899006.0741

B-71
6899006.0741
Air 1261916.3310 29577.9010 -1907238.1358
Total 2782539.5062 2782539.5062
8. Neraca Panas di sekitar Compressor
Compressor berfungsi menaikkan tekanan uap-cair keluaran condensor dari
atm menjadi 1 atm , kemudian mengalirkan ke dalam menara distilasi
Bahan masuk (suction) pada :
m = 32016.09 kg/jam
n = 1421.788 kmol/jam
T1 = 77.4087 °C = 350.56 K = 171.34 °F = 631.34
P1 = 0.9161 atm
BM = 22.51819 kg/kmol
Cp = (Cp.X) etilen + (Cp.X) etanol + (Cp.X) air
= 0.0504 0.4721 + 0.0891 0.0043 + 0.0759 0.5236
= 0.0639 kJ/mol.K
Cv = (Cv.X) etilen + (Cv.X) etanol + (Cv.X) air
= 0.0420 0.4721 + 0.0775 0.0043 + 0.0679 0.5236
= 0.0557 kJ/mol.K
γ = Cp / Cv
= 1.1473
Kecepatan volumetris
V = n.R.T / P
= 1421.788 0.0821 350.56 / 0.9161

B-72
= 44646.18 kL/jam
= 26274.28 ft3/menit
Discharge
P2 = 1 atm = 14.7 psia = 0 psig
Compression ratio (Rc = P2/P1) = 1.0916
Suhu keluar (T2)
T2 = T1 Rc(γ-1)/γ = 354.524 K = 81.374 °C

P2/P1 = 1.0916
T2/T1 = 1.0113
  1 
  P    = 8.6E+04 lbf.ft/lbmol
W R T1  2  1
 1  P1  
 
dari fig. 12.18 Ludwig diambil n = 1.2
γ 1 n = 0.77
eff 
γ n 1
BHP = 3.382935 HP , diambil 4 HP
Tabel B.6 Neraca Panas Compressor
in (kJ/h) out (kJ/h)

Komponen
H in Q compressor H out
Etilen 3567.2048 3837.1068
Etanol 57.2722 61.6056

724.9735
Air 5957.2565 6407.9947
Total 9581.7335 10306.7070
10306.7070 10306.7070
B-73
9. Neraca Panas Menara Distilasi
kondensor
XLo XD
xf
reboiler
XW
Tujuan :
§ memisahkan etilen, etanol dan air
§ menghitung kebutuhan pendingin di kondensor
§ menghitung kebutuhan steam di reboiler
Komponen TBP TFP BM,(kg/kmol)
Etilen -103.8 -169.2 28.054
Etanol 78.3 -114.1 46.069
Air 100 0 18.015
a. Menentukan Kondisi Umpan Masuk
Pada Keadaan Bubble Point (q=1)

Poperasi = 1.000 atm = 760.00 mmHg
*Menentukan Tin = 179.33 K = -93.82 o
C
Trial dianggap benar jika ∑yi = 1

B-74
Ki = Psat/P
Psat=exp(A-(B/(T+C)))
yi=Ki*xi
Komp F10 (kg/jam) xi Pi (mmHg) yi
Etilen 37886.882981 0.579031 1312.5409629 1.0000
Etanol HK 565.03028246 0.008635 0.0001628176 1.85E-09
Air 26979.591185 0.412333 3.205866E-05 1.74E-08
Total 65431.504448 1 1312.5411578 1.0000
Ki αi
1.727028 40941856
2.14E-07 5.078739
4.22E-08 1
1.727028
b. Menentukan Kondisi Distilat
Pada keadaan Dew point
Trial kondisi operasi

Tin = 350.41 K = 77.2580 o

C
xi=(Yi/Ki)=1 dimana
Ki=Psat/P
αi= Ki/Kbasis
B-75
Komp F10 (kg/jam) Yd Pi (mmHg) Xi
Etilen 37886.8830 0.5790 97021.845727 0.0045
Etanol HK 565.0303 8.6E-03 728.10046322 9.0E-03
Air 26979.5912 4.1E-01 317.66295747 9.9E-01
Total 65431.5044 1.0000 98067.6091 1.0000
Ki αi
127.6603 305.423857090924
0.9580 2.2921
0.4180 1.0000
129.036 308.7159
Kondisi operasi kondensor

*Menentukan Tbubble = 179.332 K = -93.82 o
C
Komp F17 (kg/jam) xi Pi (mmHg)
Etilen 37886.8830 0.5790 1312.5478
Etanol HK 565.0303 8.6E-03 0.0002
Air 26979.5912 4.1E-01 3.21E-05
Total 65431.5044 1.0000 1312.5480
cek
Komp αi xi*αi yi Ki Yi
Etilen 4.1E+07 23706225.061 1.0000 1.7270 1.0000
Etanol HK 5.0787 4.39E-02 1.9E-09 2.1E-07 1.9E-09
Air 1.0000 4.12E-01 1.7E-08 4.2E-08 1.7E-08

B-76
Total ### 23706225.518 1.0000 1.7270 1.0000
4.2E-08
c. Menentukan Kondisi Bottom
Kolom bawah pada keadaan Bubble point

*Menentukan Tbubble = 179.33 K = -93.8190 o
C
Trial dianggap benar jika ∑yi = 1
Ki = Psat/P
Psat=exp(A-(B/(T+C)))
yi=Ki*xi
Komp F16 (kg/jam) xi Pi (mmHg) Ki Yi
Etilen 37886.8830 5.8E-01 1312.4797 1.727 1.0000
Etanol HK 565.0303 8.6E-03 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000
Air 26979.5912 4.1E-01 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Total 65431.5044 1.0000 1312.4799 1.727 1.0000
cek
Komp αi xi*αi yi
Etilen ### 2.4E+07 0.5790
Etanol HK 5.0788 4.4E-02 0.0000
Air 1.0000 4.1E-01 0.0000
Total 40947877.563 4.1E+07 0.5790
1/(xi*αi) = 0.000000024
B-77
Kondisi operasi reboiler

*Menentukan Tdew = 350.41 K = 77.2580 o
C
Komp F16 (kg/jam) yi Pi (mmHg)9 Ki Xi
Etilen 37886.8830 5.8E-01 97021.8457 127.660 4.5E-03
Etanol HK 565.0303 0.0086 728.1005 0.9580 0.0090
Air 26979.5912 0.4123 317.6630 0.4180 0.9865
Total 65431.5044 1.0000 98067.6091 129.036 1.0000
cek
Komp αi yi/αi xi
Etilen 133.2534 4.3E-03 1.0E-02
Etanol HK 2.2921 0.0038 0.0090
Air 1.0000 0.4123 0.9807
Total 136.5454 0.4204 1.0000
b. Menentukan refluks
*Menentukan Hv, Hl, Hf
Hv (panas saat umpan mencapai dew point)

Tdew = 350.41 K
Komponen F10 (kg/jam) ni (kmol/jam) Hv (kJ/jam)
Etilen 37886.8830 1350.4984 14617302.069
Etanol 565.0303 12.2649 483505.87626
Air 26979.5912 1497.6182 60693593.188
Total 65431.5044 2860.3815 75794401.133

B-78
Hl (panas saat umpan mencapai bubble point)

Tref = 298.15 K ; T = 179.33 K
Komp. F10 (kg/jam) ni (kmol) xi (kmol) ∫Cp dT (J/mol) Hsen (kJ/jam)
Etilen 37886.882981 1350.498 0.472139 -4725.3566213 -6381586.7026
Etanol 565.03028246 12.26487 0.004288 -6874.1455086 -84310.499
Air 26979.591185 1497.618 0.523573 -3970.7880204 -5946724.2561
Total 65431.504448 2860.381 1 -15570.29015 -12412621.458
Hf (panas yang dibawa umpan masuk)

Tref = 298.15 K ; T = 179.33 K
Komp. F10 (kg/jam) ni (kmol) xi (kmol) ∫Cp dT (J/mol) Hsen (kJ/jam)
Etilen 37886.8830 ### 0.4721 -10437.0490 -14095218.314
Etanol 565.0303 12.2649 0.0043 -12052.2695 -147819.5153
Air 26979.5912 ### 0.5236 -9263.6007 ###
Total 65431.5044 2860.381 1.000 -31752.9192 -28116374.439
*Menentukan kondisi cairan uap dan refluks yang masuk
Hv - Hf
q =
Hv - Hl (Geankoplis, hal.710)
75794401.133 - -28116374.439
q = = 1.1780
75794401.133 - -12412621.46
Karena 0<q<1, maka umpan masuk pada keadaan uap-cair (Perry)
Dengan konstanta Underwood (Coulson page 421, Eq.11.60) :

αavg x xf
1 - q = ∑
αavg - θ
B-79
αavg x xf
1 - 1.1780 = ∑ maka
αavg - θ
αavg x xf
-0.17803291076614 = ∑
αavg - θ
Trial θ = 1.0754
Komponen Xf α avg α . Xf α-θ (α.Xf)/(α-θ)
Etilen (lk) 0.5790 20474088 11855136 20474087 0.5790
Etanol (hk) 0.0086 3.6854 0.0318 2.610 0.0122
Air 0.4123 1.0000 0.4123 -0.075 -5.4667
-4.8755
Menentukan Rmin
αd x xd
Rmin + 1 = ∑
αd - θ
Komp. αd xd α*xd α-θ Total
Etilen ### 0.5790 ### ### 0.5790
Etanol 3.6854 8.6E-03 3.18E-02 2.6100 1.2E-02
Air 1.0000 4.1E-01 4.12E-01 -0.0754 -5.5E+00
SUM -4.8755
maka Rmin = -5.8755
pendingin adalah nitrogen cair R/Rmin = 6.0 sehingga R =
Menghitung Lo dan Vo
B-80
Ro = Lo/D
Lo = Ro * D
Lo = -2306641.2790 kg/h
V = Lo + D
V = -2241209.7746 kg/h
Menghitung komposisi cairan refluks
Komp. yi Lo (kg/jam) kmol/jam
Etilen 0.5790 -1335617.2834 ###
Etanol 8.6E-03 -19918.8783 ###
Air 4.1E-01 -951105.1174 ###
Total 1.0000 -2306641.2790 ###
Menghitung komposisi uap yang masuk kondensor
Komp. yi Vo (kg/jam) kmol/jam
Etilen 0.5790 -1297730.4004 ###
Etanol 8.6E-03 -19353.8480 ###
Air 4.1E-01 -924125.5262 ###
Total 1.0000 -2241209.7746 ###
c. Menghitung Neraca Energi Menara Distilasi
Panas yang dibawa oleh umpan masuk menara distilasi (∆H feed)
Tref = 298.15 K ; Tin = 179.33 K
Komp F10 (kg/jam) ni (kmol) xi (kmol) ∫Cp dT (J/mol) Hsen (kJ/jam)
Etilen 37886.8830 #REF! #REF! -4725.3241 #REF!

B-81
Etanol 565.0303 #REF! #REF! -6874.1009 #REF!
Air 26979.5912 #REF! #REF! -3970.7581 #REF!
Total 65431.5044 #REF! #REF! -15570.1831 #REF!
Panas yang dibawa oleh uap masuk kondensor (Vo)
>> Panas sensible

Tref = 298.15 K ; Tout = #REF! K
Komponen Vo (kg/jam) ni (kmol/jam) ∫Cp dT (J/mol) Hsen (kJ/jam)
Etilen -1297730.4004 -46258.3019 #REF! #REF!
Etanol -19353.8480 -420.1057 #REF! #REF!
Air -924125.5262 -51297.5590 #REF! #REF!
Total -2241209.7746 -97975.9666 #REF! #REF!
>> Panas laten

Tout = #REF! K
Komponen Vo (kg/jam) ni (kmol/jam) Hv (kJ/jam)
Etilen -1297730.4004 -46258.3019 -924518421
Etanol -19353.8480 -420.1057 -18115796.605
Air -924125.5262 -51297.5590 -2670191841
Total -2241209.7746 -97975.9666 -3612826059
Panas yang dibawa refluks keluar kondensor

Tref = 298.15 K ; Tout = 179.33 K
Komponen Lo (kg/jam) ni (kmol/jam) ∫Cp dT (J/mol) Hsen (kJ/jam)
Etilen -1335617.2834 -47608.8003 -4725.3205 ###
Etanol -19918.8783 -432.3705 -6874.0959 2972156.5337

B-82
Air -951105.1174 -52795.1772 -3970.7547 ###
Total -2306641.2790 -100836.3480 -15570.1712 ###
Panas yang dibawa distilat keluar kondensor

Tref = 298.15 K; Tout = 179.33 K
Komponen F17 (kg/jam) ni (kmol/jam) ∫Cp dT (J/mol) Hsen (kJ/jam)
Etilen 37886.8830 #REF! -4725.3205 #REF!
Etanol 565.0303 #REF! -6874.0959 #REF!
Air 26979.5912 #REF! -3970.7547 #REF!
Total 65431.5044 #REF! -15570.1712 #REF!
Panas yang dibawa hasil bawah

Tref = 298.15 K ; Tout = 179.33 K
Komponen F16 (kg/jam) ni (kmol/jam) ∫Cp dT (J/mol) Hsen (kJ/jam)
Etilen 37886.8830 #REF! -4725.3566 #REF!
Etanol 565.0303 #REF! -6874.1455 #REF!
Air 26979.5912 #REF! -3970.7880 #REF!
Total 38451.9133 #REF! -11599.5021 #REF!
d. Menghitung beban panas kolom distilasi
Beban kondensor
∆Huap masuk kondensor
∆Hlaten
∆Hkondensor =
- ∆Hdistilat keluar kondensor
- ∆Hrefluks keluar kondensor

+
B-83
#REF! KJ/kg
-3612826058.5423 KJ/kg
∆Hkondensor =
#REF! KJ/kg
-437575697.8359 KJ/kg +
#REF! KJ/kg
Beban reboiler
∆Hkondensor
∆Hhasil bawah
∆Hreboiler =
∆Hdistilat keluar kondensor
- ∆Hfeed +
#REF! KJ/kg
#REF! KJ/kg
∆Hreboiler =
#REF! KJ/kg
#REF! KJ/kg +
#REF! KJ/kg
e. Menghitung jumlah pendingin dan pemanas yang dibutuhkan
Menentukan kebutuhan pendingin
Beban Pendingin = #REF! kJ/jam

B-84
Cp Nitrogen -198oC = 0.6174 kJ/mol ⁰K
Cp Nitrogen -150oC = 0.8500 kJ/mol ⁰K

Tin = 75.15 K ; Tout = 123.15 K
Q #REF!
Kebutuhan Pendingin = =
Cp dT 58.2798
= #REF! mol/jam
= #REF! kg/jam
= #REF! L/jam
Menentukan kebutuhan pemanas
Beban Pemanas = #REF! kJ/jam
λ sat. steam 450oC = 3382.3000 kJ/kg

Tin = 523.15 K ; Tout = 523.15 K
Q
Kebutuhan Pemanas =
λ
#REF!
=
3382.3000
= #REF! kg/jam
Tabel B.7 Neraca Panas Distillation Column
Input Output
Komponen
H H
Product #REF! #REF!
Pemanas #REF!
B-85
Pendingin #REF!
Total #REF! #REF!

B-86
6.83E-11
4.66E-11
3.69E-12
B-87
ersebut digunakan trial and
ihasilkan sama dengan jum-

B-88
v + Qs(cair) + Qs (gas)
B-89
xi
0.9120
0.0880
1.0000
asi, karena memberikan

B-90
B-91
62781.122252 kg/jam = 1362.762861 kmol/h
2680.8968114 kg/jam = 148.8146995 kmol/h
65462.019063 kg/jam = 1511.577561 kmol/h
Hf Hf reaktan
kJ/kmol kJ
B-92
-235100.000 -320385651.9749
-241818.000 -35576199.0862
-355961851.0611
Hf Hf produk
kJ/kmol kJ
52510.0000 70914672.6071
-235100.0000 -2883470.8678
-241818.0000 -362151028.6522
-294119826.9128
m reaktor, dimana reaksi meru-
tambahkan steam untuk men-
∫Cp dt Q out (kJ)
kJ/kmol Q15
B-93
24221.5579 32711165.454
36975.0188 453493.641
14046.1673 21059596.890
54224255.985
m masuk yang digunakan
0.9989 kkal/kg.oC
4.1820 kJ/kgoC
532019.369923817 kg/jam
B-94
Q out (kJ/jam)
Q15
32711165.4538
453493.6414
21059596.8899
0.0000
0.0000
54224255.9850
B-95
roduk keluaran reaktor sesuai
p-cair, serta untuk mengetahui

B-96
uap-cair komponen produk
lculation. Kondisi produk
alkan kerja kondensor serta

B-97
ndisi operasi tersebut maka

B-98
sor
Qout
Q cw
6899006.0741
B-99
6899006.0741
2782539.5062
1.0000
631.34 R
0.5236
0.5236
B-100
B-101
Poperasi
Tin
xi=(Yi/Ki)=1 dimana
Ki=Psat/P
αi= Ki/Kbasis
Komp
Etilen
Etanol HK
Air
Total
B-102
relatif volatilitas rata-rata

αavg =
𝜋𝑟^2√
B-103
B-104
B-105
Hsen (kJ/jam)
-6381586.7026
-84310.499
-5946724.2561
-12412621.458
Hsen (kJ/jam)
-14095218.314
-147819.5153
###
-28116374.439
B-106
Total
0.5790
1.2E-02
-5.5E+00
-4.8755
-35.2528
B-107
Hsen (kJ/jam)
#REF!
B-108
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
Hsen (kJ/jam)
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
Hsen (kJ/jam)
###
2972156.5337
B-109
###
###
Hsen (kJ/jam)
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
Hsen (kJ/jam)
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
B-110
= 1.000 atm = 760.00 mmHg
= 243.53 K = -29.62 o
C
xi=(Yi/Ki)=1 dimana
Ki=Psat/P
Ki/Kbasis
F10 (kg/jam) n (kmol/jam) Yd Pi (mmHg) Xi

i
0.0000 0.0000 #DIV/0! 1 #DIV/0!
0.0000 0.0000 #DIV/0! 1 #DIV/0!
0.0000 0.0000 #DIV/0! 1 #DIV/0!
0.0000 0.0000 #DIV/0! 3.0000 #DIV/0!

Komponen A B C D E BM
Etilen 3.21E+01 -1.48E-02 2.48E-04 -2.38E-07 6.83E-11 28.054
Etanol 2.71E+01 1.11E-01 1.10E-04 -1.51E-07 4.66E-11 46.069
Air 3.39E+01 -8.81E-03 2.99E-05 -1.78E-08 3.69E-12 18.015
1. dX π d2 1
  rA x ε
dZ 4 FAo
Data yang diketahui:
d= 5.25018 cm 27.6
Fao= 21095.19000 kmol/jam 5.859775 kmol/s
ε= 0.49
laju rx = 0.000568063616 mol/s
x Z jh
0.1 95.8 0
0.2 192
0.3 287
0.4 383
0.5 479
0.6 575
0.7 670
0.8 766
0.9 862
0.91 872
0.92 881
0.93 891
0.94 900
0.95 910
0.96 919
0.97 929
0.98 939
0.99 948
C.10 Fixed Bed Reactor (R-210)
Feed gas out
Steam in
Steam out
Product gas in
Fungsi : Mereaksikan nitrobenzen dan hidrogen menjadi anilin dengan bantuan

katalis silica supported copper.
Tujuan : 1. Menentukan jenis reaktor.
2. Menentukan bahan konstruksi.
3. Menentukan jenis katalis.
4. Menentukan langkah perhitungan dimensi reaktor
Langkah Perancangan
1. Menentukan Jenis Reaktor
Dipilih reaktor jenis fixed bed multitubes dengan pertimbangan:
- Reaksi berada dalam fasa gas dengan katalis padat
- Reaksi eksotermis sehingga diperlukan luas perpindahan panas yang besar
agar kontak dengan pendingin berlangsung optimal.
- Pressure drop lebih kecil dibandingkan fluidized bed reactor.
- Umur katalis panjang.
- Tidak diperlukan pemisahan katalis keluar reaktor.
- Pengendalian suhu relatif mudah karena dipakai tipe shell dan tube.
- Mencegah terjadinya partial melting, akibat dari naiknya temperatur (profil
suhu reaktor vs panjang tube), bila memakai single tube, dikhawatirkan suhu
makin naik secara konstan.
2. Menentukan Bahan Konstruksi

Bahan Konstruksi : Low Alloy Steel, SA-167 grade 3
dengan pertimbangan sebagai berikut :
- Memiliki allowable stress cukup besar.
- Bahan tahan terhadap suhu tinggi
- Bahan tahan korosi
Allowable Stress (f) : 18750 (Brownell & Young. App D. hal. 342)
Jenis Pengelasan : Double Welded Butt Joint
Maximum Joint Efficiency (E) : 0.8 (Brownell & Young. tabel 13.2. hal. 254)
Corrosion Factor : 0.125 in
Tinggi Silinder L/d : 4.5 (Gael D. Ulrich. hal. 217)
Faktor Keamanan : 0.1 (faktor keamanan over design operasi )
Jumlah Reaktor : 1 Buah
3. Katalis :
Bahan : alumina oksida
Bentuk : silinder
Diameter partikel : m
Bulk density : kg katalis/m3 0 g/cm3
Porositas bed : (Hesketh dan Lamarca, 2008)
Sphericity : 0.827 (Brown, hal 77)
Susunan katalis : 0.15 - 1.5 % berat Pd
0.2 - 1.5 % berat Au
4 - 10 % berat KOAc
Silica sebagai penyangga
(Dimian, 2008)
4. Menentukan langkah perhitungan dimensi Reaktor

1. Perancangan Dimensi Reaktor
a. Menentukan Volume Reaktor
- Menentukan densitas umpan
- Menentukan kecepatan volumetrik umpan
- Menentukan viskositas umpan
- Menentukan konduktivitas termal umpan
- Menentukan kecepatan linear umpan
- Menentukan mass velocity
- Menentukan volume gas dalam reaktor
b. Menentukan Design Tube
- Menentukan volume tube
- Menentukan panjang tube yang berisi katalis
- Menentukan jumlah tube
- Menentukan luas tube
c. Menentukan Spesifikasi Shell
- Menentukan bilangan Prandtl
- Menentukan pressure drop di bagian shell
- Menentukan tebal shell
d. Menentukan Dimensi Reaktor
- Menentukan diameter reaktor
- Menentukan tekanan design
- Menentukan tebal silinder reaktor
- Menetukan tebal tutup atas (tha) dan tebal tutup bawah (thb)
- Menentukan tinggi tutup atas (ha) dan tinggi tutup bawah (hb)
- Menentukan tinggi reaktor total
2. Perancangan Nozzle
a. Nozzle Pada Tutup Atas
- Nozzle untuk pemasukan bahan baku
b. Nozzle Pada Silinder
- Nozzle untuk pemasukan dan pengeluaran pendingin
c. Nozzle Pada Tutup Bawah
- Nozzle untuk pengeluaran produk MAN
3. Perancangan Dimensi Gasket, Bolting dan Flange pada Tangki Reaktor

a. Perancangan Gasket
b. Perancangan Bolting
c. Perancangan Flange
4. Perancangan Sistem Penyangga Reaktor

a. Menentukan Berat Reaktor Total
b. Menentukan Kolom Penyangga
5. Perancangan Base plate

a. Menentukan Luas Base Plate
b. Menetukan Panjang dan Lebar Base Plate
c. Peninjauan Terhadap Bearing Capacity
d. Peninjauan terhadap m dan n
e. Menentukan Tebal Base Plate
f. Menentukan Ukuran Baut
6. Perancangan Lug dan Gusset
7. Perancangan Pondasi
1. Perancangan Dimensi Reaktor

1.1. Menentukan volume reaktor
Untuk menghitung BM umpan digunakan persamaan :
BM = Σ (Yi x BMi)
Kondisi operasi : - Temperatur = 423 ⁰C = 696.15 K
- Tekanan = 1 atm
Data reaktan masuk ke reaktor :
Masuk
Komponen
kg/jam kmol/jam BM Fraksi mol Bmi
etanol 63067.1368 1368.9713 46.0690 0.93 42.87
air 1840.7850 102.1807 18.0150 0.07 18.02
Total 64907.9218 1471.1519 1.00 60.88
Jadi berat molekul reaktan = 60.8842 kg/kmol
= 134.2266 lb/kmol
Menentukan faktor koreksi (Z) umpan :

Persamaan yang digunakan untuk menghitung Pr, Tr dan ω campuran diperoleh
dari Smith, Van Ness, hal 95
T P ω = -1-log(Prsat)Tr
Tr = Pr =
Tc Pc
Komponen Xi Pc (atm) Tc Tr Pr ω ω.xi

etanol 0.93 63.0051 516.25 1.426 1.32734
1.3251 0.0136
air 0.07 217.666 647.15 1.515 0.10521
Total 1.000 1.43255
Dari harga Tr dan Pr menurut gambar 3. 11 Smith Van Ness, maka digunakan
generalized virial koefisien
0.422 (Pers. 3.65 Smith Van Ness)
B⁰ = 0.083 - = -0.186
Tr¹ʾ⁶
0.172 (Pers. 3.66 Smith Van Ness)

B¹ = 0.139 - = 0.086
Tr⁴ʾ²
B . Pc (Pers. 3.62 Smith Van Ness)

= B⁰ + (B¹xω) = -0.062374
R . Tc
B . Pc Pr (Pers. 3.61 Smith Van Ness)

Z = 1 + ( x ) = 0.9994
R . Tc Tr
a. Menghitung densitas umpan

R = 0.08206 atm.m³/kmol K
BM . P
ρ =
Z.R.T
= 1.06651 kg/m³
b. Menentukan kecepatan volumetric umpan

Z n R T
v =
P
= 83984 m³/jam
c. Menentukan viskositas umpan

Komponen vis A vis B log vis i vis i xi vis i. xi
C2H5OH 686.64 300.88 -1.296 0.051 0.931 0.047
H2O 658.25 283.16 -1.379 0.042 0.069 0.003
Total 0.0500
(Coulson, 1989)
Viskositas umpan campuran = 0.0500 cp

= 0.0005 g/cm.s
= 0.1800 kg/m.jam
d. Menentukan Konduktivitas thermal umpan

μ C2H5OH = 0.047
μ H2O = 0.003 nb
k C2H5OH = μ (Cp + (10,4/M)) (Coulson e.q 8.13 p-245)

= 0.047 x ( 36975.019 + ( 10.4 / 46.0690 )
= 1741.3304 W/m oC
= 1006.1407 Btu/hr.ft.oF
k H2 = μ (Cp + (10,4/M)) (Coulson e.q 8.13 p-245)

= 0.003 x ( 14046.167 + ( 10.4 / 18 )
= 40.7556 W/m oC
= 23.5486 Btu/hr.ft.oF
k mix = Σ (fraksi massa x k)

= ( 0.9305 x 40.755594 ) + ( 0.0695 x 40.7556 )
= 40.7556 W/m 0C
= 23.5486 Btu/hr.ft.0F
= 146720.13706 J/jam m 0C
d. Menentukan kapasitas panas umpan

Data penentuan kapasitas panas diambil data neraca massa dan nerca panas
Cp
Komponen Fraksi mol
(kJ/kmol)
C2H5OH 0.931 36975.019
H2O 0.069 14046.167
Cpcamp = 33209.7083 J/jam
f. Menghitung kecepatan linear umpan (v)

Agar reaksi dapat berlangsung, maka aliran gas di dalam tube harus turbulen.
Dari Froment and Bischoff, 1st ed, Fig. 11. 5a-1 untuk aliran turbulen gas dalam
pipa maka NRe > 100. Diambil NRe = 500
Nre µ
v =
Dp ρ
Dimana :
Dp = diameter partikel katalis (m) = 0.0040 m
Data tentang katalis diperoleh dari (KAGYRMANOVA)
diperoleh :
500 × 0.1800
v = = 21095.193 m3/jam
0.004 × 1.06650665
g. Menghitung mass velocity (G)

Dari Hill, persamaan 13. 2. 8 hal 560 digunakan untuk menghitung mass velocity
sebagai berikut :
Nre. µ
G = = 6.24948996 kg/s
Dp
h. Menghitung Volume gas dalam Reaktor Aj= 14500000 mole/atm.kg.s R= 0.0821

Ʈ = VG VG = Ʈ x Fv Ea= 113.7 kJ/mole T= 696.15 K
v K= 0.13678225009234
dimana Ʈ = 2.1 - 30 s () K= 1983342.6263389
laju reaksi = KCaCb
VG = 2.1 x 83984.416605 = 1983342.6263389
= 48.9909 m3 = 1730.03559 ft3
1.2 Menentukan Volume Reaktor Berisi Katalis

porosity (e) = 0.5 (Dimian dan Bildea, 2008)
VG
VR =
e
1730.0356
=
0.5
= 3460.0712 cuft
1.3. Menentukan Kebutuhan Katalis

katalis yang digunakan Palladium-Aurum
bulk density = 1 g/cm3 = 62.4 lb/ft3 (Dimian dan Bildea, 2008)
• Volume Katalis
Vk = VR - V G
= 3460.071 - 1730.036
= 1730.036 cuft
• Berat Katalis
Wk = Vk x rb
= 1730.036 cuft x 62.428 lb/cuft
= 108002.662 lb
1.4. Menentukan Design Tube
• Menetukan panjang tube
Asumsi :Vkatalis = Vtube
V tube = π × di2 × L
4
V tube V tube
L= =
π × di2 Flow area
4
asumsi :
Dipilih spesifikasi pipa tube sebagai berikut (Tabel 11 Kern) :
Pipa yang digunakan : NPS 6 in, Sch 40, l = 20 ft
- OD = 6.63 in = 0.168 m
- BWG = 16
- ID = 6.07 in = 0.154 m
- a't = 28.9 in² = 0.201 ft²
- At = 1.734 ft2 = 0.529 m2
L standar 20 ft = 6.096 m
V tube
L =
Flow area
1730.04 ft3
L = = 8620.936 ft
0.201 ft2
• Menetukan jumlah tube

Nt =
Panjang tube standard
= 8620.936 ft
20 ft 6.1
= 431.047 ≈ 96 buah (distandarkan)
Sehingga panjang tube :

Ltotal
Lt =
Nt
= 89.8014188 ft
= 27.3715 m
Menghitung diameter dalam tube (IDt)
Direncanakan tube disusun dengan pola triangular pitch
A B
PT’
C D
Gambar C.2. triangular pitch.
PT= 1.25 OD
8.28 in
C' = PT - OD
= 1.66 in
Tinggi segitiga :
t = PT × sin 60o
= 8.2813 in × sin 60o
= 7.1718 in = 0.59765 ft = 0.18216 m
Luas segitiga (triangular pitch) :

= /2 × PT ×
1
A t
= 1 × 8.2813 in × 7.1718 in
2
= 29.696 in2 = 0.20622 ft2 = 0.06286 m2
Dengan Nt = 96 buah, maka :

Luas tube = Nt × Luas segitiga
= 96 × 29.696 in2
= 2850.7797179 in2 = 19.7971 ft2 = 1.83921 m2
1.5. Menentukan Spesifikasi Shell

Tube Bundle Diameter
 1 
 
 Nt  n1 

Db  OD
 K 

 1 
Dari Tabel 12.4 Coulson & Richardson diperoleh :

K1 = 0.319
n1 = 2.142
sehingga diperoleh :
96 0.467
Db = 0.1683 = 2.416 m
0.319
Clearance between tube bundle and shell * K (yaws)
28.571 Db 44.286 28.571 2.416 44.286 A
cts = =
1000 1000 0.00053
= 0.1133 m K cair H2O
Diameter shell k H2O gas
IDs = Db + cts
= 2.416 + 0.1133
= 2.529 m
Jarak antara Baffle

B = 0.5 IDs = 0.5 × 2.529 = 1.265 m
Flow area shell

IDs C" B 2.53 0.04 1.26
As = = = 0.64 m2
PT 0.21
Menggunakan figure 28 Kern diperoleh :

De = 0.91 in = 0.023 m
Sebagai pendingin yang mengalir di dalam shell dipakai air 20 ⁰C

dengan data sebagai berikut :
Cp air = 0 kJ/kg ⁰C = 0 Btu/lb⁰F
µ air = 0.8007 cP = 2.883 kg/m. jam (Yaws)
k = 0.356 Btu/jam ft ⁰F = 1232.26 J/m. K .jam (Fig 4 Kern)
ρ air = 1.037 g/ml = 62.42 lb/ft³
IDs = Diameter dalam shell = 2.5294 m
B = Baffle spacing (IDs) = 1.2647 m
As = Luas penampang shell = 0.6323 m
Ws = Laju alir fluida dingin = 0 kg/jam
Fluks massa Shell

Ws
Gs =
As
0
=
0.632
= 0 kg/m² jam
Gs De
Nre =
µ
0 0.023
=
2.883
= 0.000
Menentukan koefisien transfer panas overall

Dirt Factor
Dari Tabel 12.2 Coulson diperoleh :
Dirt coefficient tube = 5000 W/m²K 5000
Dirt coefficient shell = 5000 W/m²K (1500-5000)
sehingga didapatkan nilai Dirt resistance masing-masing aliran :
1 OD 1 0.1683
Tube = x = x = 0.00022 m²K/W
hid ID 5000 0.1541
1 1
Shell = = = 0.0002 m²K/W
hod 5000
Minimum dirt resistance
Rd min = Rd shell + Rd tube
= 0.0002 + 0.00022
= 0.00042 m²K/W = 0.00000012 m²K jam/J
Menentukan bilangan Prandtl

Cp µ 33210 0.1800
NPr tube = x = x = 6.69E-04
Bm K 60.884 146720
Cp µ 0 2.883
NPr shell = = = 0.0000000
K 1232.26456692913
Clean Overall Coefficient

Inside Coefficient tanpa Katalis
0.027 K Nre 0.8 NPr 0.33
hig" =
ID
0.027 146720.13706 0 0.8 0.00067 0.33
=
0.1541
= 0.000
Inside Coefficient dengan Katalis

hig = 7.8 hig" = 7.8 0 = 0.0000
ID
hio = hig x
OD
0.1541
= 0 x = 0.0000
0.1683
Outside Coefficient
0.036 kp 0.55 0.333
ho = Re Pr
D
0.04 146720.137 0.55 0.33
= 0 0.00067
= 0 0.00067
0.023
= 0 J/Jam K m²
Clean Overall Coefficient
hio x ho
Uc =
hio + ho
0 x 0
= = #DIV/0! J/Jam K m²
0 + 0
Dirt Overall Coefficient

Uc
Ud =
Rd x Uc + 1
#DIV/0!
=
0.00000012 x #DIV/0! + 1
= #DIV/0! J/Jam K m²
Rd tube = 0.001 (untuk organic vapor)

Rd = Rd shell + Rd tube
= 0 + 0.001
= 0.001
Ud = 1
Rd  1 / Uc
1
= = #DIV/0! Btu/jam ft ⁰F
0.001 + #DIV/0!
Menghitung pressure drop di bagian shell

f x Gs 2 xDs x ( N  1)
ΔPs =
5,22 x 1010 x De x S x  s
dari fig.29 Kern untuk Res = 0 , didapat f 0.0035 ft2/in2
L = 20 ft
(N+1) = 12 (L/B) = 4.82016991
Ds = 99.58 in = 8.29844159 ft
De = 0.0758 ft
s = 1
Gs (kecepatan.massa ) = 0 lb/ft2 jam
0.0035 x 0 2 x 8.2984416 x 4.82017

ΔPs =
5E+10 x 0.0758 x 1 x 1
= 0.0000 Psi
Maka, desain shell reaktor memenuhi, dimana ΔPs maksimal yang
diijinkan untuk aliran berupa gas sebesar 2 Psi.
Menghitung tebal shell

Dipilih jenis bahan konstruksi Low alloy steel SA 167 grade 3 ,
dengan pertimbangan sebagai berikut:
a. Fluida agak korosif
b. Mempunyai allowable stress yang besar
c. Harga relatif murah
d. Bahan kuat dan tahan terhadap panas
Tekanan yang diijinkan (f) = 18750 psi

Efisiensi pengelasan (E) = 0.80 (double welded joint)
Faktor korosi ( c) = 0.1250
IDs = 99.58 in = 8.30 ft
Ri ( 0.5 IDs ) = 49.79 in = 4.15 ft
Tekanan operasi = 2.3 atm

= 33.81 psi
Faktor keamanan = 20%

Tekanan rancangan = 1.2 x Tekanan operasi
= 1.2 x 33.81
= 40.572 psi
Untuk menghitung tebal shell digunakan persamaan 13-1 Brownell & Young :
P x Ri
ts = + 0.125
f E - 0.6 P
40.572 x 49.79
= + 0.125
18750 0.80 - 0.6 40.6
= 0.25989 in
untuk perancangan digunakan tebal shell standar 5/16 in (Tabel 5.7 Brownell)
sehinggga :
OD= 99.58 + ( 2 x 5/16 )
= 100.206 in
OD standar dapat dicari dari tabel 5. 7 hal. 90 Brownell, sehingga :
OD = 102 in
ID = ODstandart - ( 2 x tv )
= 102 - ( 2 x 5/16 )
= 101.625 in
Dari Tabel 5.7 Brownell, 1959, diperoleh:
icr = 6 1/8 in
r = 96 in
1.6. Menghitung Dimensi Reaktor

a. Menghitung tinggi head (H)
Direncanakan bentuk head adalah elliptical dished head dengan bahan yang
sama dengan bahan shell. Untuk menghitung tebal head dapat dilihat pada
halaman 85 Brownell & Young :
ID
H =
4
101.625
=
4
= 25.4063 in
dari tabel 5.11 Brownell & Young didapatkan nilai sf = 2-3 in

dipilih nilai sf = 2
Hh = H + sf
= 25.4063 + 2
= 27.4063 in
= 0.6961 m
Gambar C.2. elliptical dished head
b. Menghitung tebal head (th)

Bentuk head : elliptical dished head
Perbandingan panjang sumbu mayor dan minor, a : b = 2 : 1
Tebal head dihitung dengan persamaan 7.56, dan 7.57, Brownell & Young.
P . D. V
tA = + c (pers. 7.57)
2.f.Ɛ - 0.2 P
2 + k²
V = (pers. 7.56)
6
Keterangan :
tA = tebal dished head(in)
V = faktor intensifikasi tekanan
k = rasio axis major ke minor = a/b = 2
sehingga nilai V adalah :

2 + k² 2 + 4
V = = = 1
6 6
nilai V kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam persamaan 7.57, sehingga :

40.57 x 101.625 x 1
tA = + 0.125
2 18750 x 0.80 - 0.2 x 40.572
= 0.2625 in
Sehingga, dipakai tebal head standard = 5/16 in
c. Menghitung volume head (VH)

berdasarkan pers. 5.14, Brownell & Young, hal 95, V elliptical dished head:
VH = 0.000076 Di3
= 2 x 0.000076 101.625 3
x
= 159.531 in3
= 40.5209 m3
d. Menghitung tinggi reaktor (HR)

Tinggi reaktor = panjang tube + 2 tinggi head + 2 tinggi ruang kosong (asumsi 1.5 ft)
HR = L + 2Hh + 2 tinggi ruang kosong
= 6.096 + 2 0.696 + 2 0.457
= 8.403 m = 8.4 m
e. Menghitung volume reaktor total (VT)

Volume total = volume shell +2 volume head
= π/4 (IDs)2L + 2Vh
Volume shell = π/4 (IDs) 2 L

= π/4 8.469 2
x 20
= 1126.000 ft3
Volume total = volume shell + 2∙volume head

= 1126.000 + 13.294
= 1139.293 ft3
f. Menentukan Ukuran Nozzle

Dalam perancangan reaktor ini nozzle – nozzle yang digunakan adalah :
- Nozzle pemasukan bahan baku campuran gas
- Nozzle pengeluaran produk
- Nozzle pemasukan dan pengeluaran pendingin
1. Ukuran Nozzle
a. Nozzle untuk pemasukan bahan baku (campuran gas)
Rate bahan baku = 64907.922 kg/jam = 143097.3 lb/jam
ρ umpan. = 0.0666 lbm/ft3
µ umpan. = 3.35973E-05 lb/ft.s
m
Rate volumetric (Q) =
ρ
143097.3025
=
0.06658201
= 2E+06 ft3/jam
= 35820 ft3/menit
= 597 ft3/s
Diameter optimum (Di):

asumsi aliran turbulen.
Di, opt = 3.9 Qf 0.45 ρ 0.13
= 3.9 596.996854 0.45 0.0666 0.13
= 48.673 in (Klaus D. Timmerhaus, pers. 15. hal. 496)
Diambil pipa dengan NPS sebesar 22 in standard pipe

(Appendix K Brownell & Young item 2).
ukuran 22 in standard pipe
di = 21 in = 1.750 ft
do = 22 in = 1.833 ft
= Q Q (Christie J. Geankoplis, hal. 49)

kecepatan linier (v) A = π
/4 × di2
= 596.9969 ft3/detik
3.14 2
× 1.7500 ft
4
= 248.3285 ft/s
Cek harga NRe aliran turbulen

DxρxV 1.750 0.0666 248.329
Nre = = = 861226.89
µ 3.36E-05
Aliran yang terjadi adalah turbulen (asumsi benar).
b. Nozzle untuk pengeluaran produk
m n
Komponen Fraksi mol BM BMi
kg/jam kmo/jam
C6H5NO2 354.7359 2.8840 0.0099 123 1.2178
H2 17.3042 8.6521 0.0297 2 0.0594
H2O 3357.0133 186.5007 0.6403 18 11.5248
C6H5NH2 8672.2843 93.2504 0.3201 93 29.7723
Total 12401.338 291.2872355 1.0000 42.5743
Densitas campuran :
R = 0.08206 atm.m³/kmol K
BM . P
ρ =
Z.R.T
= 0.74574 kg/m³ = 0.04656 lbm/cuft
Rate produk = 12401.33775 kg/jam = 27340.237 lb/jam

ρ camp. = 0.04655683 lb/ft3
m
ρ
27340.23723
=
0.046556825
= 587244.4501 ft3/jam
= 9787.407501 ft3/menit
= 163.1234584 ft3/s
Asumsi aliran turbulen.
Di, opt = 3.9 Qf 0.45 ρ 0.13
= 3.9 163.123458 0.45 0.0466 0.13
= 25.764 in (Klaus D. Timmerhaus, pers. 15. hal. 496)

ukuran 22 in standard pipe
di = 21 in = 1.7499993 ft
do = 22 in = 1.8333326 ft

kecepatan linier (v) =
/4 × di2
=
163.1235 ft3/detik
3.14 2
× 1.7500 ft
4
= 67.8533 ft/s
d. Nozzle pemasukan dan pengeluaran fluida pendingin
Rate fluida pendingin = 0 kg/jam = 0 lb/jam
ρ cooling water = 62.42 lb/ft 3
µ cooling water = 0.00053807 lbm/ft.s
m
ρ
0
=
62.4200
= 0 ft3/jam
= 0 ft3/menit
= 0 ft3/s

Asumsi aliran turbulen.
Di, opt = 3.9 Qf 0.45 ρ 0.13
= 3.9 0 0.45 62.42 0.13
= 0 in (Klaus D. Timmerhaus, pers. 15. hal. 496)

ukuran 4 in standard pipe Sch 40
di = 4.02 in = 0.33499987 ft
do = 4.5 in = 0.37499985 ft

/4 × di2
= 0.0000 ft3/detik
3.14 2
× 0.3350 ft
4
= 0.0000 ft/s

D x ρ x V 0.37499985 62.42 0
Nre = = = 0
µ 0.0005381
Aliran yang terjadi adalah turbulen (asumsi benar).
Kesimpulan perancangan nozzle :
a. Nozzle Bahan baku
- Nozzle untuk pemasukan bahan baku gas
Ukuran : 22 in Sch 40
OD : 22 in
ID : 21 in
b. Nozzle Produk
- Nozzle untuk produk gas
OD : 22 in
ID : 21 in
c. Nozzle silinder
- Nozzle untuk pemasukan dan pengeluaran pendingin
OD : 4.50 in
ID : 4.02 in
● Pipa untuk Handhole

Dari Brownell & Young, Fig.12.3, hal 222, maka sebuah handhole
direncanakan dengan diameter 14 in.
Flange untuk handhole digunakan tipe standar 150 lb forged slip
on-flange (168).
Dimensi shell handhole:
Ukuran nominal (NPS) = 14 in
Diameter luar flange (A) = 21 in
Ketebalan flange (T) = 1 3/8 in
Diameter luar pembesaran permuka = 16 1/4 in
Diameter pusat dari dasar (E) = 15 3/4 in
Panjang (L) = 2 1/4 in
Dalam (B) = 14.19
Jumlah lubang baut = 12 buah
Diameter lubang = 1 1/8 in
Diameter baut = 1 in
Bolt circle = 18 3/4
Dari Brownell dan Young, fig. 12.6, hlm 222, dipilih standar 150 lb blind
flange (168).
Dimensi Tutup handhole :
Tebal flange minimum (T) = 1 3/8 in
Diameter luar pembesaran permukaa = 16 1/4 in
Diameter lubang baut = 1 7/8 in
Diameter baut = 1 in
● Pipa untuk manhole

Dari Brownell & Young, Fig.12.3, hal 222, maka sebuah handhole
direncanakan dengan diameter 24 in.
Flange untuk manhole digunakan tipe standar 150 lb forged slip
on-flange (168).
Dimensi shell handhole:
Ketebalan flange (T) = 1 7/8 in
Diameter pusat dari dasar (E) = 26 1/8 in
Panjang (L) = 3 1/4 in
Dalam (B) = 24.19
Diameter lubang = 1 3/8 in
Diameter baut = 1 2/8 in
Dari Brownell dan Young, fig. 12.6, hlm 222, dipilih standar 150 lb blind
flange (168).
Dimensi Tutup manhole :
Tebal flange minimum (T) = 1 7/8 in
Diameter lubang baut = 1 3/8 in
Diameter baut = 1 1/4 in
2. Ukuran Flange Nozzle

Keseluruhan leher nozzle disambung dengan flange tipe welding-neck
flanges American standar 150 lb steel berdasarkan ASA B16E-1939
(Brownel & Young hal 221)
K
R
A
K
R
A
Gambar c.3 standard flange
Dari fig. 12-2 Brownell & Young, hal. 221, diperoleh dimensi flange sebagai
berikut :
Nozzle NPS A T R E K L B
A 22 32 1 7/8 27 1/4 26 1/8 24 6 23.3
B 22 32 1.875 27.25 26 1/8 24 6 23.3
C 4 13 1/2 1 1/8 10 5/8 9 2/3 8.63 4 7.98
D 14 21 1 3/8 16 1/4 15 3/4 14 5 13.25
E 24 32 1 7/8 27 1/4 26 1/8 24 6 23.25
Keterangan :
A : Nozzle pemasukan bahan baku
B : Nozzle pengeluaran produk
C : Nozzle pemasukan dan pengeluaran pendingin
D : Nozzle pemasukan dan pengeluaran hand hole
E : Nozzle pemasukan dan pengeluaran man hole
NPS : Ukuran pipa nominal , in
A : Diameter luar flange, in
T : Ketebalan flange minimum, in
R : Diameter luar bagian yang menonjol, in
E : Diameter hubungan pada dasar, in
K : Diameter hubungan pada titik pengelasan, in
L : Panjang melewati hubungan, in
B : Diameter dalam pipa, in
3. Perhitungan Reinforcement (Penguat) dan Sambungan

Untuk menghitung apakah lubang nozzle perlu penguat atau tidak dapat
dievaluasi dari luas penampang tebal pada bagian shell dan nozzle.
A = trs x dn keterangan : trs = tebal teoritis shell, in
dn = diameter nozzle, in
Gambar c.4 penampang irisan nozzle, penguat, dan shell
A = 0.2599 x 8
= 2.07914 in2
Tebal teoritis nozzle

Pi x din
trn = + C
2 ( f E - 0.6 P )
4.5 x 8.00
= + 0.125
2 ( 18750 0.8 - 0.6 4.5 )
= 0.1274 in
Nozzle trn = Pi x din

+ C
2 ( E -f 0.6 P )
4.5 x 2.01
= + 0.125
2( 18750 0.8 - 0.6 4.5 )
= 0.1256 in
size of weld required :

Inner fillet weld = 1.41 x 0.7 x 0.375 = 0.37013 in
reinforcement-plate :
fillet weld = 1.41 x 0.5 x 0.375 = 0.2644 in
A1 = (ts - trs) x dn
= ( 0.31 - 0.2599 ) x 8
= 0.42086 in2
A2 = 2 x [(tn - trn) (2.25 tn + tp)]

= 2 x [ ( 1.875 - 0.1256 ) ( 2.25 1.88 + 0.5 ) ]
= 2 x [ ( 1.7494 ) ( 2.25 x 2.38 ) ]
= 2 x [ ( 1.7494 ) ( 5.34375 ) ]
= 2 x [ 9.3483 ]
= 18.6967 in2
A1 + A2 = 19.1175 in2
karena A1+A2 > A maka nilai A bisa diterima dan dimensi penguat sudah
memadai.
7 Sambungan Tutup (Head) dengan Dinding (Shell) Reaktor
Untuk mempermudah perbaikan dan perawatan dari reaktor, maka tutup bejana
dihubungkan dengan bagian bejana shell secara sis flange, bolting, gasket.
a. Gasket
Bahan : ring joint iron of soft steel
gasket factor ( m ) : 5.5 (fig 12.11 Brownell)
minimum design seating stress (y) :18000
( Fig. 12-11 Brownell & Young)
- Menentukan Lebar Gasket
do y(px m) ( Pers.12.2 Brownell & Young)

di y  p ( m 1)
dimana: do = Diameter luar gasket, in
di = Diameter dalam gasket, in = OD shell= 102 in
P = Tekanan design = 40.6 psi
m = gasket factor = 5.5
y = yield stress = 18000
do ( 18000 - ( 40.6 x 5.5 ) ) ) 0.5

= (
di ( 18000 - 40.6 ( 5.5 + 1 ) )
= 1.0011 in
maka: do = di x 1.0011
= 102 x 1.0011 = 102.117 in
do
- di
Lebar gasket minimum=
2
102.116597 - 102
N = = 0.0583 in
2
maka, digunakan lebar gasket = 0.25
Diameter rata-rata gasket (G) = di + lebar
= 102 + 0.25 = 102.25 in
- Perhitungan Beban Gasket
Wm2 = Hy = π x b x G x y (Pers.12.88, Brownell & Young,hal.240)

dimana: b = Lebar efektif gasket, in
y = Yield stress, psi
G = Diameter rata-rata gasket
Dari Fig.12.12, Brownell & Young, diperoleh:

Lebar seating gasket (bo) pada 1a. Col.II
bo = N/2 = 0.25 : 2 = 0.1250 in
Untuk bo £ 0,25 in, maka b = bo = 0.1250 in
Sehingga :
Wm2 = Hy = π x 0.1250 x 102.250 x 18000
= 722396.25 lb
Beban karena tekanan dalam ( H ) :

p x G2 x P (Pers. 12.89 Brownell & Young)
H =
4
3.14 x 102.25 2 x 40.572
= = 344983.49 lb
4
Beban baut agar tidak bocor ( Hp ) :

Hp = 2 x b x p x G x m x P (Pers. 12.90 Brownell & Young)
= 2 x 0.1250 x 3.14 x 102.25 x 5.5 x 40.572
= 17911.093 lb
Jadi berat beban :

Wm1 = H + Hp (Pers. 12.91 Brownell & Young)
= 344983.49 + 17911.09262 = 362894.58729 lb
Karena Wm1 < Wm2, sehinga yang mengontrol adalah Wm2
● Baut
Bahan : Low Alloy Steel, SA-203 Grade C
tensile strength minimum : 75000 psi
allowable stress : 18,750 psi
( Tabel. 13-1, Brownell & Young, hal. 252 )
- Perhitungan luas minimum bolting (baut) area
Wm2 (Pers. 12.92 Brownell & Young)

Am2 =
fba
722396.25
= = 38.5278 in2
18750
- Ukuran baut optimum (optimum bolting area)
Dari Tabel 10.4, Brownell & Young, hal.188, dicoba ukuran baut = 2 in
Dengan root area = 2.625 in2
Am2 38.5278
N= = = 14.6773 ≈ 15 buah
root area 2.6250
Dari Tabel 10.4, Brownell & Young, hal.188 diperoleh :

Ukuran nominal baut = 2 in
Root area ( A ) = 2.625 in2
Bolting spacing = 4 1/4 in
Jarak radial minimum ( R ) = 2 1/2 in
Jarak dari tepi ( E ) = 2 in
Bolt area diameter ( C ) :
C = IDs + 2 (2,415 x go +R)
IDs = 101.625 in
go = tebal shell = 0.25989 in
Sehingga
C = 101.625 + 2 x ( 2.415 x 0.26 + 2.5 )
= 106.927 in
- Diameter luar flange ( A ) :

A = OD = bolt area diameter + 2E
= C + 2E
= 106.926875 + 2 x 2 = 110.927 in
- Cek lebar gasket

Ab aktual = jumlah baut x root area
= 15 x 2.63 = 38.5278 in2
Lebar gasket minimum
Ab aktual x f
W=
2xπxyxG
38.5278 x 18750
= = 0.0625 in
2 x 3.14 x 18000 x 102.25
Karena W = 0.0625 < lebar gasket tetapan = 2 in
maka lebar gasket memenuhi.
- Perhitungan Moment
Untuk keadaan bolting up (tanpa tekanan dalam)
W = 1/2 (Am+ Ab) fa (Pers.12.94 Brownell & Young)
= 1/2 ( 38.5278 + 38.5278 ) 18750
= 722396.25 lb
Jarak radial dari beban gasket yang bereaksi terhadap bolt circle ( hG ) adalah :
hG =1/2 . (C - G) (Pers.12.101 Brownell & Young)
= 1/2 ( 106.926875 - 102.25 ) = 2.33844 in
Moment Flange ( Ma ) :
Ma = W x hG (Pers.12.4 Brownell & Young)
= 722396.25 x 2.3384 = 1679278.5 lb in
Untuk keadaan moment pada kondisi operasi :

W = Wm2 (Pers.12.95 Brownell & Young)
= 722396.25 lb
Gaya hidrostatis pada daerah dalam flange ( HD ) :

HD = 0.79 x B2 x P (Pers.12.96 Brownell & Young)
dimana: B = do shell = 102 in
P = tekanan design = 40.6 psi
maka
HD = 0.79 x 72 2 x 40.572 = 165105.32 lb
Jarak jari – jari bolt circle pada HD ( hD ) :
hD = 0.5 . (C-B) (Pers.12.100 Brownell & Young)
= 0.5 ( 106.926875 - 102 ) = 2.46344 in
Moment komponen ( MD ) :
MD = HD x hD (Pers.12.96 Brownell & Young)
= 165105.31968 x 2.4634375 = 406726.64 lb in
Perbedaan antara beban baut flange dengan gaya hidrostatis total (HG):
HG = W - H (Pers.12.98 Brownell & Young)
= 722396.25 - 344983.49466 = 377412.76 lb
Momen komponen ( MG ) :
MG = H G x hG (Pers.12.98 Brownell & Young)
= 377412.76 x 2.338 = 882556.1401 lb in
Perbedaan antara gaya hidrostatis total dengan gaya hidrostatis dalam

area flange :
H T = H - HD (Pers.12.97 Brownell & Young)
= 344983.49 - 165105.31968 = 179878.17 lb
hT = 0.5 . (hD + hG) (Pers.12.102 Brownell & Young)
= 0.5 ( 2.4634 + 2.3384 ) = 2.4009 in
Momen komponen ( MT ) :
MT = H T x hT (Pers.12.97 Brownell & Young)
= 179878.17 x 2.4009 = 431876.2558 lb
Total moment pada keadaan operasi ( Mo ) :

Mo = MD + MG + MT (Pers.12.99 Brownell & Young)
= 406726.64 + 882556.14006 + 431876.26
= 1721159 lb in
Karena Mo > Ma, maka yang mengontrol kondisi operasi adalah Mo

M max = Mo = 1721159.03175586 lb in
● Flange
bahan : Low Alloy Steel, SA-202 Grade A
tensile strength minimum : 75000 psi
allowable stress : 18750 psi
type flange : ring flange
- Perhitungan Tebal Flange

f 
Y .M0 (Pers.12.85 Brownell & Young)
T
t 2 .B
0,5
tf =  y x M max 
 f xB 
dimana: f = stress yang diijinkan untuk bahan flange = 18750 psi
B = diameter luar reaktor = 102 in
A = diameter luar flange = 110.927 in
Maka: A 110.926875
K = = = 1.0875184
B 102
dari Fig. 12-22, Brownell & Young, hal.238 diperoleh y = 22
22 x 1721159.0318 1/2
tf = = 4.4496 in
18750 x 102
Jadi, digunakan tebal flange = 5 in (Fig.12.2 Brownell & Young, hal 221)
Perencanaan Penyangga
a. Perhitungan Beban Penyangga
1. Berat bagian shell
Dimana :
IDs = diameter dalam shell
= 101.63 in = 8.47 ft
ODs = diameter luar shell
= IDs + 2ts (ts = tebal shell)
= 8.47 + 5/96
= 8.52 ft
L = tinggi shell (panjang tube)
= 23 ft
ρ = densitas shell = 0.283 lb/in³ = 489.024 lb/ft³
(Untuk bahan konstruksi steel)
W shell = 0.79 ( 8.52 - 8.47 )² 23 489.024
= 7812.53 lb
2. Berat bagian tube (Wtotal tube)

Berat tube (pipa) = 7.58 lb/ft panjang pipa
Berat satu buah tube = 7.58 x 23
= 174.34 lb
Berat total tube (pipa) = berat 1 tube x jumlah tube

Wtotal tube = 174.34 x 96
= 16737 lb
3. Berat air pendingin (Wair)

Volume bagian shell (Vs): 1126.000 ft3
Maka:
WCW = Vs . ρ cooling water
= 1126 x 62.42
= 70284.902 lb
4. Berat bahan proses (Wbahan)
Wgas = VG x ρ bahan
Dimana:
VG = volume gas direaktor
ρg = densitas gas = 1.07 lb/ft3
Berdasarkan persamaan virial untuk gas i
PV = ZnRT R = 0.082057 m3.atm/kmol.K
V = 0.9994 x 1471.15194 x 0.082057 x 696.15
1
8 (waktu tinggal)
= 83984.417 m3/jam x jam
3600
= 186.632 m3
Wbahan = 186.632 x 1.06650665

= 199.044 lb
5. Berat flange
W flange = 2 (π/4) [(ODf)2 (IDf)2] tf x ρ
= 2 ( 3.14/4 ) [ ( 9.2435 )2 ( 8.50 )2 ] 0.4165 x 489.024
= 2 ( 0.79 ) [ ( 85.44 ) ( 72 ) ] 203.6785
= 1.57 ( 13.25 ) 203.6785
= 4237.2635 lb
6. Berat tutup reaktor (Wtutup)

Wtutup = 0,084672 (ODH3 – IDH3) × ρstell
Dimana:
IDH = diameter dalam tutup (diameter dalam shell)
= 101.6 in = 8.46875 ft
ODH = diameter luar tutup
= IDH + 2 HH
= 101.6 + 54.8125 = 156 4/9 in = 13 ft
Wtutup = 0.08467 ( 13.0365 3 - 8.46875 ³ ) 489.024
= 66688.495 lb
7. Berat katalis (Wkatalis)

W katalis = ### lb
7. Berat attachment
Yaitu berat keseluruhan perlengkapan seperti manhole, nozzle dan sebagainya
Wattachment = 18% Wshell (Brownell & Young hal.157)
= 18% x 7812.533 = 1406.2559 lb
Maka berat total (W) :
W = Wshell + Wtotal tube + Wair + Wgas + (2 x Wtutup) + Wkatalis + Wattachment +
W flange
= 7812.53 + 16736.64 + 70284.902 + 199.044 + 66688.49528 +
108003 + 1406.2559 + 4237.263455678
= 275367.7951 lb
Untuk berat perlengkapan yang lain seperti baut, flange, nozzle dan lain-lain serta
faktor keselamatan, maka berat reaktor untuk perhitungan sistem penyangga
ditambah 10%.
Sehingga: WR = 1.1 W
= 1.1 275367.7951
= 302904.5746495 lb
b. Perhitungan leg support (kaki penahan)

Dalam perancangan ini digunakan penyangga jenis I beam. Beban yang diterima
oleh penyangga dihitung dengan menggunakan pers. 10.76 Brownell & Young
4 Pw (H - L) ƩW
P = +
n Dbc n
Diketahui :
Tinggi reaktor = 27.55872 ft
Untuk tinggi tangki kurang dari 30 ft maka tekanan angin yang digunakan
Pw = 25 Psf (tabel 9.1 Brownell & Young)
W = beban reaktor; lb = 302904.5746495 lb
N = jumlah penyangga = 4 buah
Total panjang leg (kaki); H
H = tinggi tangki sampai pondasi + ½ tinggi tangki
H = L + 0,5 HT
Ditetapkan :L = 12 ft
Maka: H = 12 + 13.8
= 25.77936 ft = 309.35232 in
Dbc = 12 ft
4 25 ( 25.77936 - 6 ) 302904.57465
P = + = 75767 lb
4 12 4
4.20
4,2 m
Gambar C.4. Leg
Dipilih I beam dengan spesifikasi:

Ukuran : 12 in (8 x 4 )
Berat : 18.4 lb/ft (appendiks G Brownell & Young item 2)
Luas penampang (A) : 5.34 in 2
h = : 8 in
b = : 4.00 in
Dicoba dipasang dengan axis 1-1
1-1
1-1 h
b
Gambar C.5. I Beam
Dari appendiks G Brownell & Young didapat:
I = 56.9 in4
r = 3.26 in
Tekanan yang diterima I beam; fc
L/r = 94.8933
dari pers. 2.24 hal. 23 Brownell & Young.
fc critical = 0.6E (L/r)
= 0.6 4687.5 94.8933
= 266887.54601 lb/in2
Luas yang dikenai komposisi (Ahitung)
P 75767.3507
A hitung = = = 0.284
fc 266887.546
Ternyata A hitung < A beam, maka ukuran I beam bisa digunakan.
*) Perancangan Lug
tmp
a
b tg
thp
h
Gambar C.6. Lug

*) Perancangan Baut
Bahan konstruksi SA-193 B8 tipe 304 komposisi 18Cr-8Ni (appendix D Brownell
& Young) dengan tegangan maksimum yang dijinkan :
(fs) = 15000 psi
Menentukan diameter baut:
n = jumlah baut =4
P 75767
W = = = 16858.2355 lb
n 4
Menentukan luas penampang baut:

W
fs =
Ab
W 16858
Ab = = = 1.12388237 in²
fs 15000
1 ₂
Ab = π db
4
4Ab 0.5 4 1.12388 0.5
db = = = 1.19654 in
π 3.14
Dari tabel 10.4 Brownell & Young hal. 188 dipilih baut dengan spesifikasi:
db = 1 1/8 in
Ab = 1.12388 in2
Bolt spacing (B) = 2 1/2 in
Radial distance (R) = 1 1/2 in
Edge distance (E) = 1 1/8 in
Nut dimention = 1 13/16 in
Phitung = fs . Ab
= 15000 lb/in2 x 1.12 in2 == 16858 lb
As aktual = N x Root area of bolt (Pers. 10.33 Brownell)
= 4x 0.693 (Tabel 10.4 brownell)
= 2.772
Paktual = fs x As
= 15000 lb/in2 x 2.77 in2 == 41580 lb
Paktual = 41580 lb
Paktual > Phitung , maka ukuran baut dapat digunakan.
*) Perancangan lebar plate horisontal dan jarak gusset

Lebar plate horisontal:
a = 2db + h
= 2.25 + 8 = 10.2478 in = 0.85398 ft
Jarak gusset:
b = 2db + b
= 2.25 + 4.00 = 6.25 in = 0.5 ft
Bahan konstruksi plate adalah stell dengan poison ratio (m = 0,30)

l = a+½b
= ### + 3.12 = 13.3716 in = 1.1143 ft
b 6.25
= = 0.47
l 13.4
Untuk b/l = 0.47 dari tabel 10.6 Brownell & Young diperoleh:
ƴ1 = 0.57
Beban kompresi terhadap plate horizontal dihitung dengan pers. 10.40 Brownell &
Young :
Dimana:
My = maksimum bending momen sepanjang axis radial; lb
P = beban yang diterima baut = 16858.23552 lb
µ = poisson’s ratio (0,30 untuk steel)
e = (nut dimention/2) = 0.90625 in = 0.0755 ft
l = lebar plate horisontal = 10.247765 in = 0.8540 ft
Maka :
My =
16858 2 x 10.2
[( 1 + 0.3 ) ln ( ) + ( 1 + 0.57 )]
12.56 π 0.90625
= 3788.22 lb
Maka tebal plate horisontal; thp:

6 My (Pers. Hal 192 Brownell & Young)
thp = ( )⁰ʾ⁵
fmax
6 3788.22
= ( )⁰ʾ⁵ = 1.2310 in
15000
Digunakan tebal plate horisontal = 1 1/4 in = 0.1042 ft
*) Base Plate
Dipilih base plate bentuk persegi panjang.
Beban tiap plate = beban tiap leg (kaki) + berat leg (kaki)
Diketahui beban leg (beban yang diterima I beam) = 75767.351 lb
Berat leg (kaki) = berat I beam x panjang leg (H)
= 18.4 x 25.77936 = 474.34 lb
Beban tiap plate (P) = 75767.3507 + 474.34022 = 76242 lb
Luasan base plate (Abp)

Abp = (2n + 0,8b) (2m + 0,95h)
n 0,8 b n
dB m
0,95 h
Gambar C.7. Base plate

P
Abp =
fbase plate
Nilai f base plate sama dengan bearing capacity fondaty base plate. Dipilih
pondasi beton dengan nilai bearing capacity 600 psi (Tabel 7-7 Hesse&Rushton)
bahan konstruksi base plate adalah SA-240 Grade C dengan tegangan yang
diijinkan sebesar 18750 psi
Maka:
76242 lb
Abp = = 127.069 in²
600 lb/in2
Untuk perhitungan awal diasumsikan m = n.
Abp = (2n + 0,8b) (2m + 0,95h)
127.069 = (2m + (0,8 6.24776 in)) (2m + (0,95 x 8 in))
127.069 = (2m +4.99821179 )( 2m + 7.6 )
0 = 4 m + 25.2 m + -89.08308
2
m = 2.52411 in = 0.2103 ft
Sehingga:
Lebar base plate = 2 n + 0,8 b
= 5.04822023 + 4.9982118
= 10.046432 in = 0.8372 ft
Panjang base plate = 2 m + 0,95 h

= 5.04822023 + 0.0
= 5.04822023 in = 0.42067 ft
A baru = panjang x lebar plate
= 0.42066819 x 0.8372
= 0.35217045 in2 = 0.3521704 ft2
P base plate 76241.691
Beban yang harus ditahan = A base plate =
0.3521704
= 216491 lb/ft²
= 10569 psia
Beban bean yang harus ditahan ≤ 18750 psia ( memenuhi )
Panjang base plate = 2 m + 0.95 h

= 0.4207 + 0.6333
m = 1.0540 ft = 0.0878 in
Lebar base plate = 2 n + 0.8 b
= 0.4207 + 0.4165
n = 0.8372 ft = 0.0698 in
Karena n < m, maka m yang mengontrol pada pemilihan tebal base plate .
Tebal base plate = (0,00015.P.m2)0,5 . (Pers 7-12 Hesse & Rushton hal.163)
Dimana P = tekanan base plate. Sehingga tebal base plate:
tbp = ( 0.00015 76241.6909 0.0878 ²) ⁰ʾ⁵
= 0.2970 in
Digunakan tebal base plate standar = 1/4 in
Tekanan pada baut base plate (dengan n = 4)
W base plate 16858.2355
P = = = 4214.5589 lb
n 4
*) Anchor
Diambil panjang anchor: 11 in
Diameter anchor = diameter baut
= 1 1/8 in
*) Pondasi
Beban pada base plate = 76242 lb
Densitas baja; ρ = 0.28 lb/in³
Berat base plate = panjang base plate x lebar base plate x tebal x ρ baja
= 12.6482 x 10.0464 x 1/4 x 0.283
= 8.9902 lb
Diambil ukuran pondasi:

Luas atas : 20 in x 20 in
Luas bawah : 40 in x 40 in
Tinggi pondasi : 40 in
ρ beton : 150 lb/ft3 = 0.0868 lb/in3
Luas permukaan rata-rata = 1000 in²

Volume pondasi = 40000 in³
Berat pondasi = 86.8 lb
Digunakan cement sand and graver dengan safe bearing power = 5 ton/ft2
(Tabel 12-2 Hesse & Rushton)
20 in
20 in
40 in
Gambar C.8. Pondasi

Berat pondasi + Berat total
Tekanan pada tanah =
Luas rata-rata
86.8 + 76250.68105
=
1000
= 76.3374811 lb/in2 = 4.6206 ton/ft2
Tekanan tanah diantar 5-10 ton/ft2 (memenuhi)
*) Pengecekan Ukuran Pondasi

Dari Hesse, persamaan 12–3 hal. 334, pada allowable compressive strenght
adalah 2250 Psi, maka:
a
d = ( )P⁰ʾ⁵
57
Dimana: d = bagian vertikal dari pondasi; in

a = bagian horisontal
P = tekanan pada tanah; lb/IN2
Slop (a/d):
57 57
a/d = = = 6.5238797
P⁰ʾ⁵ 76.3375 0.5
-40 20
Kemiringan pondasi = = 0.5
40
Kemiringan pondasi << slope a/d, maka pondasi dengan dimensi tersebut
dapat digunakan.
Resume
Nama alat : Reaktor
Kode alat : R-210
Fungsi : Tempat berlangsungnya reaksi antara nitrobenzen dan hidrogen
membentuk anilin dengan bantuan katalis sillica supported copper.
Jumlah : 1 buah
Jenis : Fixed Multibular Bed Reactor
Bahan Konstruksi : - Tube = Low Alloy Steel, SA-202 grade A
- Shell = Low Alloy Steel, SA-202 grade A
Kondisi Operasi : - Suhu = 270 ⁰C
- Tekanan = 2.3 atm
- Fase = gas - gas
Volume reaktor : 1139.293 ft³ = 32.2614 m3
Tinggi reaktor : 8.403 m
Tebal shell : 1/3 in
Tinggi head : 27 in
Tebal head : 1/3 in
Spesifikasi Tube side
Jumlah tube : 96 buah
OD : 6.625 in
BWG : 16
ID : 6.07 in
A : 1.734 ft2
Spesifikasi Shell side
OD : 102 in = 2.5908 m
ID : 101.625 in = 2.58128 m
pada suhu 310 C = 583.15 K
B C
4.71E-05 4.96E-08
A+BT+CT^2
k H2O gas = 4.48E-02 W/m.K = 0.02591016 Btu/jam.ft.F
K
1/16 “
37½°
R
A
K
1/16 “
37½°
R
A
37½°
1/16 “
37½°
1/16 “
C-157
LAMPIRAN C
SPESIFIKASI ALAT
C.1 TANGKI PENYIMPANAN ETANOL (F-110)
F- 110
Fungsi : Menampung dan menyimpan bahan baku Etanol
Tipe : Cylindrical Tank, Flat Bottom, Conical Roof
Jumlah : 1 (satu) buah
Tujuan :
* Menentukan tipe tangki
* Menentukan bahan konstruksi tangki
* Menentukan kapasitas tangki
* Menghitung dimensi tangki
1. Menentukan Tipe Tangki
Dalam perancangan dipilih tangki silinder tegak dengan dasar datar (Flat Bottom) dan
tutup berbentuk kerucut (Conical roof) dengan pertimbangan :
* Konstruksi lebih murah sehingga lebih ekonomis
* Kondisi penyimpanan pada suhu kamar dan tekanan atmosferik

C-158
* Bahan yang disimpan tidak mudah menguap
2. Menentukan Bahan Konstruksi Tangki
Dalam perancangan dipilih bahan konstruksi Carbon Steel SA-283 Grade C dengan
pertimbangan :
* Memiliki allowable stress yang cukup besar
* Harganya relative murah
* Bahan relative tahan terhadap korosi
3. Menghitung Kapasitas Tangki
Kapasitas tangki dihitung berdasarkan kebutuhan etanol selama 1 bulan (30 hari)
sebagai berikut :
Kebutuhan Etanol = 65431.5044 kg/jam
Etanol / bulan = 65431.5044 x 24 x 30
= 47110683.203 kg/bulan
Densitas Etanol :
Komponen kg/jam xi ρ (kg/m³) ρ mix
Etanol 62781.142496 0.959 642.068 616.061
Air 2650.3619521 0.041 989.675 40.0877
Total 65431.504448 1.000 656.148 kg/m³
(ρ dari Perry bab.2, 1997). 40.9633 lb/ft³
m 47110683.2
Volume Cairan = = = 71798.8 m3
ρ 656.1484
C-159
= 2535554 ft3
= 451632 barrel
dengan faktor keamanan 20% maka volume bahan baku menjadi:
= 1.2 x 71798.8 m3 = 86158.6 m3
= 3042665 ft3
= 541959 barrel
4. Menentukan Dimensi Tangki
a. Menghitung diameter dan tinggi tangki
Dari pers. 3.12 Brownell & Young untuk large closed tank dengan metode optimasi
biaya atap dan shell/dinding sama dengan 2x biaya bottom per satuan luas, diperoleh
harga D/H = 8/3 (D = diameter, H = tinggi). Sehingga :
V silinder = 1/4 x π x D2 x H
= 3/32 πD3
Diperoleh D tangki, D3 = 1E+07 ft
D = 217.83 ft
Tinggi tangki H = 81.6863 ft
Dari appendix E item 1, Brownell & Young, halaman 346, ukuran tangki standar yang
mendekati hasil perhitungan adalah :
D = 90 ft
H = 36 ft
V = 40790 bbl
Karena volume tangki yang dibutuhkan lebih rendah dari volume tangki strandar, maka
C-160
memenuhi syarat.
#Menentukan tinggi cairan
karena bagian tutup bawah berupa plate, tinggi larutan dapat dihitung:
VLARUTAN DALAM TANGKI = (π/4) x ID2 x H CAIRAN DALAM SHELL
3042665 = 6358.5 x H CAIRAN DALAM SHELL
H CAIRAN DALAM SHELL = 478.5192 ft
b. Menghitung tebal shell
Direncanakan menggunakan shell plate komersial Carbon steel SA-283 Grade C,
spesifikasi sebagai berikut :
f = stress yang diijinkan, 12650 lb/in2 (tabel 13.1 Brownell & Young)
E = efisiensi pengelasan (tabel 13.2 Brownell & Young)
= 0,8, untuk double-weided butt-joint construction
c = factor korosi, 0,125 in
Tebal dinding dihitung dengan persamaan :
t = pd (Persamaan 3.16, Brownell, hal. 45)

c
2 f  E
Tekanan dalam dinding dengan persamaan :
p= L  H  1 (Persamaan 3.17, Brownell, hal. 46)

144
C-161
Dimana :
t = tebal dinding, in
p = tekanan dalam tangki, lb/in2
d = diameter dalam, in
c = factor korosi, in
f = tekanan maksimum yang diijinkan, lb/in2
E = efisiensi pengelasan
H = tinggi dari dasar course ke puncak, ft
ρL = densitas cairan, lb/ft
Gabungan dari dua persamaan tersebut menghasilkan :
t = L  H  1  12 D
c
144  2  f  E
40.9633 (H-1) 12D

t =
288 12650 0.8
t = 0.0001686567273 (H-1) D + 0.125
asumsi: untuk plate yang jumlahnya 10, maka untuk D = 90 ft ada 9 plat melingkar
menggunakan plate dengan lebar 6 ft, sehingga H=36, ada 6 susunan plate vertikal
(dari appendix) tebal sambungan vertikal yng diijinkan 3/16
6
5
4
3
2
1
C-162
6
5
4
3
2
1
Keterangan H(ft) t(in) t(in) L(ft)
plat 1 36 0.6563 0.7500 23.55073
plat 2 30 0.5652 0.7500 23.55073
plat 3 24 0.4741 0.5625 23.54664
plat 4 18 0.3830 0.5625 23.54664
plat 5 12 0.2920 0.3750 23.54255
plat 6 6 0.2009 0.3750 23.54255
Panjang plate dapat dicari dengan menggunakan persamaan sebagai berikut :
  d  weld length
L =
12 n
Dimana :
L = panjang plate, ft
d = diameter dalam tangki + tebal shell, in
n = jumlah plate
c. Menghitung tinggi Head
α
C-163
θ
D
2
Menentukan θ (sudut angle pada garis horizontal) pada head
D (Persamaan 4.5, Brownell & Young)
Sin   P/6
1000 t
dimana :
D = diameter tangki standar
t = tebal shell course paling atas (ke-6) = 3/8 in = 0,3750 in
P = tekanan operasi = 1,47 psig
90
Sin   1,47 / 6
1000 t
sin θ= 0.11879
θ = 6.8223 o
α = 83.1777 o
Tinggi head dihitung dengan persamaan:

D
hh  ( tg θ )
2
= 5.38 ft
d. Menghitung tebal head
Tebal head dihitung dengan persamaan:
P D
th = c
2 cos  ( f E  0,6 P)
C-164
P D
th = c
2 cos  ( f E  0,6 P)
1.47 x 90
= + 0.125
2 cos 83.1777 12650 0.8 - 0.6 14.7
= 0.18022
dalam perancangan digunakan head komersial dengan tebal 3/16 in
e. Menghitung diameter pipa pengisian dan pengeluaran
# Diameter pipa pengisian

Dopt = 3,9 × Qf 0,45
× ρ 0,13
Dimana :
Qf = laju alir cairan (ft3/s)
ρ = densitas cairan (lb/ft3)
asumsi: waktu pengisian 5 jam
3042665 ft3
Qf =
5 jam x 3600 s
= 169.037 ft3/s
Dopt = 3.9 169.0369 0.5 40.9633 0.1
= 63.5723 in
C-165
dipilih pipa standar dengan spesifikasi sebagai berikut (tabel 11, Kern):
Dnom = 20 in
ID = 19.25 in
OD = 20 in
Sch = 20
#Diameter pipa pengeluaran
laju alir pengeluaran diatur agar sesuai kebutuhan, yaitu 65431.5044 kg/jam
65431.5044 kg/jam x 2.20462 lb/kg

Qf =
40.9633 lb/ft3 x 3600 s
= 0.97819 ft3/s
Dopt = 3.9 0.978189 0.5 40.9633 0.1

Dopt = 6.2570 in
dipilih pipa standar dengan spesifikasi sebagai berikut (tabel 11, Kern):
Dnom = 2 in
ID = 2.067 in
OD = 2.38 in
Sch = 40
C-166
RESUME
Nama Alat : Etanol Tank
Kode : F-110
Tipe : silinder tegak dengan alas datar dan atap conical
Material Konstruksi : carbon steel SA-283 Grade C
Kondisi Penyimpanan : cair
Waktu Penyimpanan : 30 hari
Suhu Penyimpanan : 30oC
Tekanan Penyimpanan : 1 atm
Jumlah : 1 buah
Volume : 40790 barrel
Tinggi : 36 ft
Diameter : 90 ft
C-167
Tebal Shell : Keterangan t(in)
plat 1 0.7500
plat 2 0.7500
plat 3 0.5625
plat 4 0.5625
plat 5 0.3750
plat 6 0.3750
Tebal Head : 0.1875 in = 0.0156 ft
Tinggi Head : 5.3837 ft
Diameter pipa :
# Diameter pipa pemasukan
Dnom = 20 in
ID = 19.25 in
OD = 20 in
Sch = 20
#Diameter pipa pengeluaran
Dnom = 2 in
ID = 2.067 in
OD = 2.38 in
Sch = 40
C-168
C.2 POMPA ETANOL (L-111)
Fungsi : Mengalirkan Etanol dari tangki penyimpanan ke mixer
Bentuk : Commercial steel
Jenis : Centrifugal pump
T Etanol : 30 oC
: 303.15 K
Tekanan : 1 atm
C-169
Komponen Laju alir (kg/h) n (kmol) xi
Etanol 62781.1425 ### 0.9595
Air 2650.3620 ### 0.0405
Total 65431.5044 ### 1.0000
40.0699 lb/s
Komponen ρ (kg/m3) ρmix (kg/m3) μ (cP) μmix (cP)
Etanol 642.068 616.0607 0.9600 0.9211
Air 989.675 40.0877 0.8510 0.0345
Total 656.1484 0.9556
40.8053 lb/ft3 2.31252 lb/ft.h
(µ dari Kern hal.822, 1965). 0.00064 lb/ft.s
a. Menghitung kecepatan volumetrik fluida
massa
Kecepatan Volumetrik =
𝝆
= 99.7206 m3/jam
= 0.9782 cuft/s
= 439.0546 gpm
b. Menentukan diameter optimal pipa
Diperkirakan aliran fluida turbulen (NRe > 2100), sehingga digunakan persamaan
untuk Di >= 1 in, yaitu :
Di opt = 3,9 × Qf 0,45 × ρ 0,13 (persamaan 45, Peters hal.365)

C-170
Dimana :
Di opt = diameter dalam optimum, in
Qf = kecepatan volumetric, ft3/s
r = density fluida, lb/ft3
maka:
Di opt = 3,9 × Qf 0,45 × ρ 0,13
= 6.2539 in
Dari App. A.5-1 Geankoplis, hal. 996 dipilih pipa dengan spesifikasi :
D nom = 2 in = 0.1667 ft
ID = 2.0670 in = 0.1723 ft
OD = 2.3750 in = 0.1979 ft
A = 0.0233 ft2
Sch = 40
c. Menghitung kecepatan linier fluida (V)
Kecepatan kinier fluida dapat dicari dengan menggunakan persamaan sebagai
berikut :
Q
V=
A
Dimana :
V = kecepatan linier aliran fluida, ft/s
Qf = laju alir volumetric, ft3/s
A = inside sectional area, ft2
Maka kecepatan linier fluida adalah :

C-171
V = 41.9837 ft/s
d. Menghitung bilangan reynold (Nre)
ID x v x ρ
Nre =
μ
NRe = 459381.86 (asumsi aliran turbulen benar)
e. Menentukan faktor friksi
Dari Tabel 2.10-1 Geankoplis, hal. 99, untuk pipa baja komersial didapat :
Jenis Jumlah L/D Le (ft)
Elbow 90 °C 3 35 18.0863
Gate valve 2 9 3.1005
Coupling 5 2 1.7225
Total 22.9093 (panjang ekivalin pipa)
Untuk bilang Reynold 459381.9 dan bahan konstruksi pompa commercial
steel, maka dari Fig. 2.10-3 Geankoplis didapat :
Asumsi : Panjang pipa lurus 60 ft = 18.288 m
sehingga : ∑L = L + Le
∑L = 82.9093 ft
ε/D = 0.00088
f = 0.009
Energi yang hilang akibat gesekan adalah sebagai berikut:
f x v2 x ∑L
F=
C-172
F=
2 x D x gc x α
= ### lbm.ft/lbf
f. Menghitung static head

Z2 = 10 ft Z1 = 2 ft
∆Z∙g/gc =(Z2 - Z1) = 8 ft
g. Menghitung velocity head
Velocity head dapat dihitung menggunakan persamaan sebagai berikut:

P2
V2 = V1 x
P1
Dimana :
V2 = kecepatan aliran
V1 = kecepatan cairan masuk mixer
P2 = 1 atm P1 = 1 atm
V2 = 42 ft/ds
ΔV2
= 27.37004
2 x α x gc
h. Menghitung power pompa
Tenaga mekanis teoritis dihitung dengan persamaan Bernoulli :
ΔV2 g ΔP
-Wf = + Δz + + ∑F
2 x α x gc gc P
Dimana :
C-173
Wf = tenaga yang ditambahkan ke dalam sistem per satuan massa

P1 = 1 atm = 2116 lbf/ft2
P2 = 1 atm = 2116 lbf/ft2
ΔP = 0 lbf/ft2
maka :
-Wf = 154.032 ft.lbf/lbm
Brake Horse Power (BHP)
m(-Wf)
BHP =
550 x η
dari fig. 14-37 Peters,
untuk, Qf = 439.0546 gal/menit
diperoleh η pompa = 33%
BHP = 34.0058 HP
Dari fig. 14.38 Peters,
Hp diperoleh η motor = 80%
BHP
sehingga kerja dan power pompa yang diperlukan =
η motor
= 42.5073 Hp
Sehingga diambil power pompa = 1 Hp
RESUME
Nama : Pompa Etanol

C-174
Kode alat : L-111
Fungsi : Memompa Etanol dari Tangki menuju Mixer
Jumlah : 1 buah
Tipe : centrifugal pump
Kapasitas : 439.0546 gpm
Power pompa : 42.5073 HP
Power motor : 1 HP
Pipa yang digunakan :
▫ D nominal = 2 in
▫ OD = 2.3750 in
▫ ID = 2.0670 in
▫ Sch. No. = 40
▫ Flow area = 3.36 in2
C.3 MIXER (M-112)

C-175
Type : Silinder Tegak dilengkapi
dengan pengaduk
Fungsi : Mencampurkan aliran bahan baku Etanol dengan aliran recycle agar komposisi
tetap 95% Etanol dan 5% Air; (%w/w)
Tujuan : 1. Menentukan dimensi shell
2. Menentukan dimensi pengaduk
3. Menentukan power motor
Kondisi Operasi : P = 1.00 atm = 760 mmHg
= 14.7000 Psi
T= 30.00 C
o
= 303.15 K
Waktu tinggal = 0.5 jam
*Data-data Physical Properties
Aliran Masuk 1 dan 4
in out
Komponen (%w/w)
Arus 1 Arus 4 Arus 2
Etanol 62781.142 14918.051 77699.19 0.9500

C-176
Air 2650.362 1439.069 4089.43 0.0500
Total 81788.6252 81788.63 1.0000
180312.839 lb/jam
Komponen ρ(kg/m3) μ (cP) sg ρ(kg/L)
Etanol 609.965 0.9120 0.5795 0.6561
Air 49.4838 0.0426 0.0025 0.0028
Total 659.449 0.9546 0.5819 0.6589
41.1692 lb/ft3 658.899 kg/m3
Densitas = 41.1349 lb/ft3
Viskositas = 0.0006 lb/ft s
= 0.0010 Pa s
a. Menentukan Bahan Konstruksi
Bahan konstruksi yang dipilih Low Alloy Steel SA-301 grade B dengan
pertimbangan:
1. Bahan tahan korosi
2. Memiliki batas tekanan yang diijinkan besar (sampai dengan 15.000 psi
pada suhu -20oF – 650oF)
b. Menentukan Dimensi Shell
*Menentukan volume cairan
Digunakan persamaan :
V = (m/ρ)x t
C-177
180313
V= x 0.5
41.1692
V = 2189.8984 cuft
= 378414.4456 in³
*Menentukan volume shell
Direncanakan untuk faktor keamanan maka, volume liquid adalah 80% dari
volume tangki, sehingga :
Vs = 1,2 x V
Vs = 1.2 x 2189.898
Vs = ### ft3
= 454097 in³
*Menentukan diameter dan tinggi shell
Untuk tangki berpengaduk rasio Hs/ID adalah 1 -2 (tabel 4-16 Ulrich
hal 168-169), dipilih tangki slinder dengan rasio Hs/ID = 2
Jadi : Hs =2 x ID
V shell = (л/4)x(ID2)xHs
V shell = (л/4)x(ID2)x(2ID)
V shell = (2x3,14)/4x(ID3)
### ft3 = 1.5700 ID3
###
ID3=
1.5700
ID3= ### ft3

C-178
ID = 11.8732 ft
= ### in
= 3.6190 m
Sehingga Diameter shell = 3.6190 m
Maka tinggi shell :
Hs = 2 x ID
Hs = 2 x 11.8732
Hs = 23.7464 ft
= 7.2379 m
VL = ### ft3
Maka :
VL = 1.5700 IDL3
IDL= 11.1731 ft = 134.0775 in = 3.4056 m
Sehingga Tinggi cairan :

HL = 2 x IDL
HL = 2 x 11.1731
HL = 22.3463 ft
= 268.155 in
= 6.8112 m
c. Menentukan tebal shell
Direncanakan menggunakan shell plate komersial Carbon steel SA-285

C-179
Grade C dari Brownell and Young tabel 13.1 hal. 251, didapat spesifikasi :
f = Allowable Strees untuk bahan konstruksi 13750 Psi
E = Efisiensi Pengelasan, diambil double-welded but joint dengan ef 0.8
c = Faktor korosi 0.125 in
Tekanan Hidrostatik dihitung dengan persamaaan
Ph = (1/144) x ρl x (g/gc) x hl
= 6.38874 Psi
Tekanan Desain :
Pd = (Pop+Ph) *safety factor
= 23.1976 Psi
Sehingga persamaan tebal shell yang digunakan :
Pd x D
ts = +C
2 x (f x E-0,6xPd) 13.1 Brownel and young ; 254
23.1976 x 142.4786
ts = + 0,125
2 x (13750x0,8 - 0,6x18,9820)
ts = 0.2754 in
Digunakan tebal shell 3/16 in 0.1875 in
d. Menentukan Diameter dan Tinggi yang Distandarkan
OD= ID + 2t
OD= ### + (2 x 0,1875)
OD= 142.854 in
Standarisasi OD dengan menggunakan tabel 5.7 Brownel and Young hal.90, didapat :
C-180
OD = 60 in
icr = 3 5/8 in
r = 60 in
Maka :
ID = OD-2t
ID = 60 - (2 x 0,1875)
ID = 59.625 in
= 1.51448 m
Maka ts = 0.2754 in
Sehingga digunakan tebal shell 3/16 in 0.1875
*Menentukan Dimensi Tutup (Atas dan Bawah)
Tebal tutup berupa torisperical mengikuti persamaan berikut:
0.885 x Pd x r 13.12 Brownel and young ; 258

ts = +C
(f x E-0.1xPd)
OD = (Dc+(2 x tc))
OD =59,625 + (2 x 0,1875)
OD =60 in
OD standar = 60 in
koreksi ID dan Hs=
ID = OD - (2 x ts)
ID = 60 - (2 x 0,1875)
ID = 59.6250 in = 1.5145 m
C-181
Maka :
Hs = 2 x 59,625
Hs = 119 in
= 3.0290 m
Didapat : rc = jari-jari shell = ID/2
= 29.81 in
maka,
t = 0.1807 in
Digunakan tebal penutup 0,1875 in
Keterangan Gambar :
ID = Diameter dalam tangki (in)
OD = Diameter luar tangki (in)
a = ID/2; jari-jari tangki (in)
t = tebal head (in)
icr = inside corner radius
sf = straight flange (in)
b = depht of dish (in)
OA = overall dimension (in)
Sehingga untuk dimensi tutup atas dan bawah dapat dihitung sebagai berikut:
a = 0,5 x ID = 29.81 in
AB = a – icr = 26.19 in
BC = r – icr = 26.19 in
C-182
b = r – (BC2 – AB2)1/2 = 5.4601 in
Tinggi straight flange (sf)
sf = 2 in untuk ketebalan tutup standart 3/16 (tabel 5.8 hal. 93 Brownell)
Dari data di atas dapat dihitung tinggi tutup tangki (OA) yaitu sebesar:
OA = b + sf + t = 7.6476 in
= 0.1947 m
Sehingga Tinggi Total Shell
Ht = Hs + H Tutup
Ht = 3.0290 + 0.1947
Ht = 3.4183 m
= 134.580 in
*Menentukan Dimensi Pengaduk
*Menentukan Jenis Pengaduk dan Jumlah Impeler
*Karena Etanol dan Air memiliki nilai viskositas cukup rendah dan hasil campuran
diharapkan homogen sedangkan waktu pengadukan cukup cepat maka dipilih
jenis flat six-blade turbine with disk yang paling mendekati dengan kriteria yang
diharapkan.
*Untuk jumlah pengaduk (impeller) dapat dihitung berdasarkan persamaan berikut :

HL x sg
Jumlah Pengaduk =
Ds Joshi, hal 389
6.8112 x 0.5819
Jumlah Pengaduk =
1.5145
C-183
Jumlah Pengaduk = 2.6172 ≈ 2
Jadi jumlah pengaduk (impeller) dalam shell pengaduk ini adalah 2 buah
*Menentukan Dimensi Pengaduk
Dari tabel 3.4-1 Geankoplis hal. 144, didapat data berikut:
Da/Dt = 0,3 – 0,5 diambil = 0.3 Dimana :
W/Da = 1/5 Da : diameter impeler
L/Da = 1/4 C : jarak pengaduk dari dasar tangki
C/Dt = 1/3 Dt : diameter luar tangki = OD
J/Dt = 1/12 L : panjang flat dari disk
W : tinggi flat
J : lebar baffle
Sehingga dimensi pengaduk dapat dihitung sebagai berikut:
*Diameter impeler (Da)
Da = 0,3 * D
Da = 0.3 * 60
Da = 18.0000 in
1.5 ft
0.4572 m
*Jarak pengaduk 1 dari dasar tangki (C1)

C1 = (1/3) x D
C1 = 1/3 * 60
C1 = 20.0000 in
C-184
= 1.6667 ft
= 0.5080 m
*Jarak pengaduk 2 dari pengaduk 1 (Wallas, hal. 288)

C2 = (1/2) x HL
C2 = 1/2 x 268.155
C2 = ### in
= 11.1731 ft
= 3.4056 m
*Panjang flat (L)
L = (1/4) x Da
L = 1/4 x 18.0000
L = 4.5000 in
= 0.3750 ft
= 0.1143 m
*Tinggi flat (W)
W = (1/5) * Da
W = 1/5 x 18.0000
W = 3.6000 in
= 0.3000 ft
= 0.0914 m
*Lebar baffle (J)
J = (1/12) x OD
C-185
J = (1/12) x 60
J = 5.0000 in
= 0.4 ft
= 0.1270 m
*Menentukan Power Motor
*Menentukan Kecepatan putar pengaduk
Dari Rase, H.F pers. 8.8 hal. 345 didapat:
600 WLeH 0.5

N= x
л*Da 2*Da
Dimana :
Da : Diameter impeller (ft)
N : Putaran putar pengaduk (RPM)
WLeH : Water equivalent liquid height (ft)

ρcampuran
WLeH = x HL
ρair
658.899
WLeH = x 6.8112
989.675
WLeH = 4.5347 m = 14.8775 ft
Sehingga :
600 14.8775 0.5

N= x
3.14 * 1.5 2 * 1.5
C-186
N = 283.684 RPM
Diambil kecepatan pengaduk standart (komersial) 320 rpm (Walas, hal. 288),
N= 190 RPM
= 3.1667 rps
*Menentukan Bilangan Reynold (NRe)
ρ x Da2 x N
NRe =
μ
658.899 x 0.4572 2 x 3.1667

NRe =
0.0010
NRe = 456925.9769
*Menentukan Power Pengaduk
Dengan menggunakan persamaan :
P = Np x ρ x N3 x Da5
Dimana :
P : daya pengaduk J/s
Np : power number, dari grafik 3.4-5 Geankoplis hal. 159 untuk
pengaduk jenis turbin didapat Np = 5
ρ : Densitas campuran (kg/m3)
N : Kecepatan putar pengaduk (rps)
Da : Diameter impeler (m)

C-187
Maka power pengaduknya adalah:
P= 5 x 658.899 x 3.1667 3 x 0.4572 5
P = 2090.0359 J/s (watt)
P= 2.0900 kW
P= 2.8028 HP
Dari grafik 14.38 hal. 521 Peters didapat effisiensi motor penggerak sebesar
83%, maka daya penggerak motornya sebesar :
Power motor =P/η
Power motor = 2.8028 / 0.83
Power motor = 3.3768 HP
Diambil power motor yang mendekati = 4 HP
RESUME
Nama Alat : Mixer
Kode : M-112
Fungsi : Mencampurkan aliran Etanol fresh dengan aliran recycle
agar komposisi tetap 95% Etanol dan 5% Air; (%w/w)
Tipe : Silinder tegak dilengkapi dengan pengaduk
Tekanan : 1.0 atm
Temperatur : 30.00 C
o
Bahan Konstruksi : Low Alloy Steel SA-301 grade B
Jumlah : 1 Buah
Diameter Luar : 60 in = 1.524 m

C-188
Tinggi : 134.580 in = 3.418 m
Power Motor : 4 Hp
C.4 POMPA MIXER (L-113)
Fungsi : Mengalirkan Etanol dari mixer ke Vaporizer
Bahan : Commercial steel
Suhu : 30.00 o
C
: 303.15 K
Tekanan : 1.00 atm
Komponen Laju alir (kg/jam) xi
Etanol 77699.1940 0.9500
Air 4089.4313 0.0500
Total 81788.6252
50.0869 lb/s
C-189
ρ (kg/m3) ρmix (kg/m3) μ (cP) μmix (cP)
642.068 609.9649 0.8800 0.836
989.675 49.4838 0.7600 0.038
659.4486 0.874
41.0105 lb/ft3 2.11508 lb/ft.h
0.00059 lb/ft.s
(µ dari Kern hal.822, 1965).
massa
t
= 124.0258 m3/jam
= 1.2166 cuft/s
= 546.0666 gpm
Dimana :

C-190
maka:
Di opt = 3,9 × Qf 0,45 × ρ 0,13
= 6.90343 in
Dnom = 2 1/2 in = 0.2083 ft
ID = 2.4690 in = 0.2058 ft
OD = 2.8750 in = 0.2396 ft
A = 0.03322 ft2
Sch = 40
berikut :
Q
V=
A
Dimana :
V = kecepatan linier aliran fluida, ft/s
V =36.6239 ft/s
ID x v x ρ
Nre=
C-191
Nre=
μ
Elbow 90 °C 2 35 14.4025
Coupling 4 2 1.646
Total 19.752
Asumsi: Panjang pipa lurus 70 ft = 21.336 m
∑L = 89.7520 ft
ε/D = 0.00063
f = 0.0060
Energi yang hilang akibat gesekan adalah sebagai berikut:
f x v2 x ∑L
F=
2 x D x gc x α
= 54.5568 lbmft/lbf

C-192
Z2= 30 ft Z1= 5 ft
∆Z∙g/gc = (Z2 - Z1)= 25 ft

P2
V2 = V1 x
P1
Dimana :
V2 = kecepatan aliran
V1 = kecepatan cairan masuk vaporizer
P2 = 1 atm P1 = 1 atm
V2 = 18 ft/ds
ΔV2
= 5.20694
2 x α x gc
ΔV2 g ΔP
-Wf = + Δz + + ∑F
2 x α x gc gc P
Dimana :

P1 = 1 atm = 2116 lbf/ft2
P2 = 1 atm = 2116 lbf/ft2
ΔP = 0 lbf/ft2
C-193
maka :
m(-Wf)
BHP =
550 x η
untuk, Qf = 546.0666 gpm
BHP = 7.8596 HP
BHP
sehingga kerja & power pompa yang diperlukan
η motor
= 9.8245 Hp
Sehingga power pompa = 1 Hp
RESUME
Nama : Pompa Mixer
Kode alat: L-113
Fungsi : Memompa Etanol dari Mixer menuju Vaporizer
Jumlah : 1 buah
Tipe : Centrifugal pump

C-194
Kapasitas: 546.0666 gpm
Power motor : 1 HP
▫ D nominal = 2 1/2 in
▫ OD = 2.875 in
▫ ID = 2.4690 in
▫ Sch. No. = 40
C.5 VAPORIZER (V-120)

Etanol out
Condensate
Steam 450°C
Etanol in
Fungsi : Menguapkan Etanol sebelum masuk ke Separator
Tujuan: 1. Menentukan tipe HE
2. Memilih bahan konstruksi
3. Menentukan aliran fluida dalam alat penukar panas
4. Menentukan spesifikasi alat

C-195
1. Menentukan tipe HE
Tipe HE yang dipilih adalah Double pipe Heat Exchanger
1. Luas perpindahan panas diperkirakan kurang dari 120 ft2
2. Mudah dibersihkan
3. Metode perancangan relatif lebih mudah
Dalam perancangan, bahan konstruksi yang digunakan untuk inner pipe
adalah cast steel, dengan pertimbangan :
1. Pemanas yang digunakan adalah steam baru
2. Carbon steel tidak terkorosi oleh steam
Sedangkan bahan yang digunakan untuk pipa luar (annulus) adalah carbon steel,
dengan pertimbangan:
1. Bahan yang masuk tidak bersifat korosif.
2. Harganya murah.
Dipilih aliran steam berada di inner pipe karena panas dari steam hasil pemanasan tidak
terbuang kesekitar, sehingga pemanasan lebih efektif.
a. Menghitung ΔT LMTD preheat
Dari perhitungan neraca panas diperoleh data:

C-196
Hot fluid : steam
Th = 450 o
C = 842 oF
Tc = 450 o
C = 842 oF
Cold fluid : preheat
th = 79.0580 oC = 174 oF
tc = 30.0000 oC = 86 oF
panas yang harus dipindahkan (Q) = 10056027.54 kJ/jam
9531275.062 Btu/jam
Fluida panas Fluida dingin

Suhu Selisih
(oF) (oF)
842 Temp. tinggi 174.3044 667.696

Temp.
842 rendah 86 756
0 Selisih 88.3044 -88.3044
∆Ta-∆Tb
DT LMTD =
ln(∆Ta/∆Tb)
= 710.9340 F
o
Qp 9531275.0622
=
DT LMTD 710.9340
= 13406.6943
b. Menghitung DT LMTD vaporizer
Dari perhitungan neraca panas diperoleh data:
Hot fluid : steam
Th = 450 oC = 842 oF
C-197
Tc = 450 oC = 842 oF
Cold fluid : vaporizing
th = 79.6220 oC = 175 oF
tc = 79.0580 oC = 174 oF
panas yang harus dipindahkan (Q) = 74712.08179 kJ/jam
70813.39019 Btu/jam
Suhu Selisih
(oF) (oF)
842 Temp. tinggi 175.3196 666.68

Temp.
842 rendah 174.3044 667.696
0 Selisih 1.0152 -1.0152
∆Ta-∆Tb
DT LMTD =
ln(∆Ta/∆Tb)
= 667.188 oF
Qv 70813.390189
=
DT LMTD 667.1879
= 106.1371
QHE 9602088.452
LMTD total = =
LMTDpreheat + LMTDvap 13512.8314
= 710.590 oF
c. Temperatur Kalorik
Tc = 842.0 o
F ;
tc = 130.7 o
F ;
C-198
d. Trial Ukuran dan Panjang Potongan Pipa DPHE
Digunakan pipa 20 ft, 4 dan 3 , steam dialirkan dalam pipe
sedangkan etanol dialirkan dalam annulus
e. Laju alir fluida
Laju alir fluida panas (steam) = 2701.36 kg/jam
= 5955.49 lb/jam
Laju alir fluida dingin (etanol) = 81788.6 kg/jam
= 180313 lb/jam
EVALUASI PERPINDAHAN PANAS
* Fluida Dingin : Annulus, Etanol
5. Menentukan Bilangan Reynold
Dari Tabel 11 Kern, didapat :

D2 = 4.026 / 12 = 0.3355 ft
D1 = 3.5 / 12 = 0.29167 ft
a an = π (D22 - D12) / 4
= 3.14 ( 0.3355 2 - 0.29167 2 ) / 4
= 0.02158 ft2
De = (D22 - D12) / D1
= ( 0.3355 2 - 0.29167 2 ) / 0.29167
= 0.09425 ft
C-199
Mass velocity,
Gan = M / a an
= 180313.05 / 0.02158
= 8355453.8544 lb/jam.ft2
PRE-HEATING
Pada tc 130.152 oF = 327.679 K, didapat :
µ = 0.79 cp = 1.9118 lb/jam.ft (Fig.14 Kern)
k = 0.1120 Btu / jam ft oF (Chapter-2 Perry)
Nre = ( De . Gan ) / µ
= ( 0.094254 8355454 ) / 1.9118
= 411934.58474
Cp = 0.725 Btu/lb.oF (Fig.2 Kern)
VAPORIZING
Pada tc 174.812 oF = 352.49 K, didapat :
k = 0.1178 Btu / jam ft oF (Chapter-2 Perry)
= ( 0.094254 8355454 ) / 1.4762
= 533489.05237
Cp = 0.78 Btu/lb.oF (Fig.2 Kern)

C-200
6. Mencari Koefisien Film Perpindahan Panas, ho
PRE-HEATING
JH = 85 (fig.24 Kern)
 k  cp µ 1/3  µ 0.1

ho = JH     µ 
De  k    w
0.1120 0.725 1.9118 1/3

= 85
0.094254 0.1120
= 233.60 Btu /jam.ft2 oF
VAPORIZING
 k  cp µ 1/3  µ 0.1

ho = JH      
De  k  µ  w
0.1178 0.78 1.4762 1/3

= 110
0.094254 0.1178
= 293.96 Btu /jam.ft2 oF
* Fluida Panas : Pipe, Steam
D = 3.068 / 12 = 0.25567 ft
C-201
ap = π D2 / 4
= 3.14 0.255667 2 / 4
= 0.05131 ft2
Mass velocity,
Gp = M/ ap
= 5955.49 / 0.05131
= 116064.49802 lb/jam.ft2
Pada 842 oF didapat :
k = 0.0282 Btu / jam ft oF (Tabel 5 Kern)
Nre = ( De . Gp ) / µ
= ( 0.255667 116064 ) / 0.06292
= 471611.94099
Cp = 0.49 Btu / lb. oF (Fig.3 Kern)
6. Mencari Koefisien Film Perpindahan Panas, hio
Condensation of steam:
hio = 1500 Btu/ jam ft2.oF (Kern, halaman-164)
7. CleanOverall Coeficient, Uc
hio . ho 1500.00 . 233.60

Ucp = =
hio + ho 1500 + 233.60
C-202
= 202.123 Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
66.3292 ft2
hio . ho 1500.00 . 293.96

Ucv = =
hio + ho 1500 + 293.96
= 245.793 Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
0.4318 ft2
Uc 
 U .A
Ac
= 202.406 Btu/jam ft2 °F
8. Design Overall Coeficient, UD
1 1 Rd min steam = 0.00142

= + Rd ----->
UD Uc Rd min organic liq = 0.00114 +
0.00256
1 1
= + 0.00256
UD 202.406
UD = 133.411 Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
C-203
9. Luas Permukaan yang diperlukan
Q = UD . A . ∆T LMTD
Q 9602088.45
A = = = 101.287 ft2
UD . ∆T LMTD 133.411 x 710.590
dari tabel 11 Kern, untuk etanol yang ada diannulus 4 in IPS pipa standar
diperoleh surface 1.178 ft2 per-panjang pipa
Panjang pipa yang perlu = 101.287 / 1.178 = 85.9822 ft
dikoneksikan dengan pipa 20 ft, maka digunakan hairpin seba 2.15 buah
10. Permukaan yang disediakan sesungguh 40 x 1.178 = 47.12 ft2
, maka faktor pengotor adalah akan lebih besar dibanding diperlukan. Desain
yang nyata adalah :
Q 9602088.45
UD = =
A . ∆T LMTD 47.120 x 710.59
= 286.775 Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
Uc - UD 202.406 - 286.775
RD = =
Uc x UD 202.406 x 286.775
= -0.00145 (jam)(ft2)(oF)/Btu
Nilai UD perancangan dan UD hitung memenuhi UD standar yang ditetapkan untuk :

C-204
Fluida dingin organic liquid
Fluida panas steam

Dari tabel 8 Kern, Harga UD = 100-200 Btu /jam.ft2 oF
UD hitung = 286.7749 Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF) (Memenuhi)
Nilai RD ketetapan minimal sebesar = 0.00256 (jam)(ft2)(oF)/Btu
RD hitung = -0.00145 (jam)(ft2)(oF)/Btu ---> ### (Memenuhi)
EVALUASI PRESSURE DROP
Annulus : Fluida Dingin, Etanol Pipe : Steam
1. Menentukan Nre dan Friksi 1. Menentukan Nre dan Friksi
De' untuk pressure drop berbeda Untuk Nre = 471611.941 didapat :
dari De untuk perpindahan panas 0.264

f = 0.0035 +
De' = ( D2 - D 1 ) (pers.6.4 Kern) Nre 0.4
= 0.3355 - 0.291667 0.264

= 0.0035 +
= 0.04383 ft 471611.941 0.4
Nre = De'. Gan / µ = 0.00459
= 0.04383 8355454 / 1.9 s = 1 (Tabel.6 Kern)
= ### ρ = 62.5 x 1
0.264 = 62.5
f = 0.0035 +
Nre 0.4
0.264 2. Menentukan ∆P karena panjang pipa

= 0.0035 +
191572.0 0.4 4 x f x Gp2 x L
DPl =
= 0.0051 2 x g x ρ2 x di
C-205
s = 0.81 (Tabel.6 Kern) 9899968713

=
ρ = 41.168 x 0.81 834911458333
= 33.3461 = 0.01186
(< 2 Psi ---> Memenuhi)
2. Menentukan ∆P karena panjang pipa

4 x f x Gan2 x L
DPl =
2 x g x ρ2 x de
56922878027148
=
40747481665
= 1396.97
v = G / 3600.ρ
8355453.85
=
3600 x 33.3461
= 69.6021 ft/s
v2
DPn = n
2 . g'
 69.60 2
= 2
2 x 32.2
= 150.449
∆Pan = (∆Pn + ∆Pl) x ρ/144
= 358.335 psi
(< 10 Psi ---> Memenuhi)

C-206
RESUME
Nama alat : Vaporizer
Kode : V-120
Fungsi : Menguapkan etanol dari30.0000 oC ke 79.62 o

C
Jumlah : 1 buah
Jenis : Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Bahan konstruksi : Annulus = Carbon steel , untuk reaktan
Pipe = Cast steel , untuk steam
Media pemanas : Steam, 450 oC
Bagian annulus (4 in IPS) Bagian pipe (3 in IPS)
OD = 0.3355 ft OD = 0.29167 ft
ID = 0.29167 ft ID = 0.25567 ft
a an = 0.02158 ft2 ap = 0.05131 ft2
L = 40 ft L = 40 ft
C-207
C.6 SEPARATOR (H-130)
Fungsi : Memisahkan campuran gas dan liquid yang keluar dari Vaporizer
Jenis : Tangki silinder vertikal
Menghitung Dimensi Separator
Kondisi operasi
P= 1 atm
T= 79.62 °C = 352.772 K
· Neraca Massa
Input = campuran uap & cair = 81788.63 kg/jam = 50.087 lb/s

Wv = vapour flow rate = 65431.50 kg/jam = 40.0699 lb/s
Wl = liquid flow rate = 16357.12 kg/jam = 10.017 lbs/s
· Perhitungan faktor separasi, FLV
0,5
L  v  (Persamaan. 5.1 Evans)
FLV  x ( ) 
V  L 
· Densitas Vapour
komposisi kg/jam BM kmol/jam yi yi.BM

C-208
Etanol 62781.1 46.07 1362.76 0.90256 41.5801
Air 2650.36 18 147.12 0.09744 1.75534
Total 65431.5 1509.88 1 43.3355
R = 0.08206 atm.L/mol K
Pt = 1 atm
BM * Pt = 1.496987 g/L= 0.09345 lb/cuft
V 
RT
· Densitas Liquid
komposisi kg/jam BM kmol/jam xi ρ,kg/m3 ρ.xi
Etanol ### 46.07 323.82 0.8021 642.068 515.02
Air 1439.07 18 79.8817 0.1979 989.675 195.830
Total ### 403.701 1.0000 710.85 g/cm3
ρl = 711 g/cm3 = 44.37694 lb/cuft
Jadi,
0, 5
L  v 
FLV   
V  L 
10.017 0.093454 0.5

= x
40.0699 44.37694
= 0.0115
Dari fig. 5-1, Evans vol. 2, didapat harga :
Kv = 0.31 ft/s
· Kecepatan gas maksimum, Vvmax

0, 5
 L  v  (Persamaan. 5.1-2, Evans)
Vv max  Kv 
 v 
C-209
0, 5
 L  v 
Vv max  Kv 
 v 
44.3769 - 0.09345 0.5

= 0.31 x
0.0935
= 6.7481 fps
· Diameter minimum
Luas penampang separator minimum, Amin
Qv
A min  (Pesamaan 5-2 Evans)
Vv max
Wv 40.06994
Qv  =
v 0.093454
= 428.7672 cuft/s
###
A min =
6.7481
= 63.539 ft2
· Diameter minimum, Dmin

D min = (4/π x Amin)0,5 (Persamaan 5.3 Evans)
= 4 / 3.14 x 63.539 0.5
= 8.9967 ft = 107.961 in
D standar = 28 in
Tinggi = 4 x D
= 4 x 28 in = 112 in
· Diameter nozzle
Kecepatan linear fluida masuk, Vmax

C-210
V max  60 mix
Lv
mix  = 0.11675 lb/ft3
L V
L  v
V max = 20.5016 fps
· Luas penampang nozzle, Anoz
Qv
Anoz 
V max
428.767
A noz = = 20.9138 ft2
20.5016
· Diameter nozzle, Dnoz

0,5
4 
Dnoz   * Anoz
 
= 5.1616 ft = 61.9388 in
Dipilih pipa standa = 16 in (Table 11 Kern)
Nominal Pipe Size = 16 in
OD = 16 in
Holding times diperoleh dari Tabel 5.1 Evans:
t= 2 min = 120 s
sehingga volume cairan :

WL 10.0170
QL = = = 0.2257 cuft/s
𝝆L 44.37694
V = QL x t = 0.2257 cuft/s x 120 s = 27.0871 cuft
C-211
Perhitungan Tebal Dinding
Digunakan material Carbon Steel SA-283, grade C
Allow working stress, f = 12650
Effisiensi sambungan, E= 0.85 (with double buljt joint)
Faktor korosi, C = 0.125 in
Tekanan, P
P = P design – P udara luar
Pudara luar = 1 atm
Pdes = 10% = 1.1 atm
P = 0.1 atm = 1.47 psig
Jari-jari dalam, R
Di = 28 in
R = 14 in
Tebal dinding Separator, ts min
PxR
ts min = +C
f.E - 0.6.P
1.47 x 12
= + 0.125
12650 x 0.85 - 0.6 x 1.5
= 0.12664 in
Dipilih tebal dinding standar 3/16 in
Perhitungan Tebal Head
Dipilih jenis Torispherical Dished Head

C-212
Code = ASME
Tebal Head :
0,885P x r
ts min  C
fE  0,1P
t = 0.1267 in
Dipilih tebal plat standar 0.1875 in = 3/16 in
Dari Tabel 5-6 Brownell & Young, diambil s 2
OD = ID + 2t = 108.2140 in
OD standar = 28 in (Dari Tabel 5-8 Brownell & Young)
a = ID/2 = 14 in
Dari Tabel 5-7 Brownell & Young
untuk t = 0,1875 in, OD = 28 in maka diperoleh
icr = 1 3/4
r = 26
AB = a - icr = 12 1/4 in
BC = r - icr = 24 1/4 in
AC = ( BC 2  AB 2 ) 0,5
= 20.9284 in
b = r - AC = 5.072 in
OA = t + b + sf = 7.1982 in
C-213
RESUME
Nama Alat : Separator
Kode : H-130
Fungsi : Memisahkan campuran gas dan liquid yang keluar Vaporizer
Tipe : Tangki silinder tegak
Jumlah : 1 buah
Dimensi separator
- Diameter : 28 in = 0.7112 m
- Tinggi : 112 in = 2.8448 m
- Tebal shell : 3/16 in = 4.8E-03 m
- Tebal head : 3/16 in = 4.8E-03 m
- Bahan konstruksi Carbon steels SA-283 Grade C

C-214
C.7 HEATER (E-131)

Steam out Etanol in
Steam in Etanol out
Kode alat : E-131
Fungsi : Memanaskan gas Etanol dari suhu 79.62 o

C ke 423 oC
sebelum masuk ke dalam Reaktor
Tipe : Shell and Tube
Jumlah : 1 buah
Tujuan : 1. Menentukan tipe heater
2. Menentukan bahan konstruksi heater

C-215
3. Menentukan spesifikasi heater
4. Menghitung koefisien perpindahan panas
5. Menghitung pressure drop
Langkah Perencanaan
a. Menentukan Tipe Heat Exchanger
Dari data neraca massa dan neraca panas dapat diketahui :
Fluida dingin (Etanol)
Laju alir = 65431.5044482187 kg/jam
= 144251.603336632 lb/jam
Data dari neraca massa komponen :
Aliran Masuk Heater
Massa n
Komponen Fraksi Berat Fraksi mol
kg/jam kmol
C₂H5OH 62781.142496 0.9595 ### 0.9026
H₂O 2650.3619521 0.0405 ### 0.0974
TOTAL 65431.504448 1.0000 ### 1.0000
Data dari neraca panas :
T₁ = 450.00 °C = 842 °F
T₂ = 450.00 °C = 842 °F
t₁ = 79.62 °C = 175.3196 °F
t₂ = 423.00 °C = 793.4 °F
C-216
Heat and Material Balance
Dari neraca panas diperoleh :
H in = 5482933.92576645 kJ/jam = 5196847.4724103 Btu/jam
H out = 52454666.9723457 kJ/jam = 49717707.191456 Btu/jam
Q supply steam = 46971733 kJ/jam
= 44520859.72 Btu/jam
dengan λ steam = 3382.82 kJ/kg
Maka massa steam yang dibutuhkan sebany = 13885.3776 kg/jam
= 30611.98116 lb/jam
Menentukan Luas Transfer Panas

Rd min organic vapor = 0.00113558 hr ft² ⁰F/Btu ( Tabel 12. 2 Coulson)
Rd min steam = 0.001419475 hr ft² ⁰F/Btu ( Tabel 12. 2 Coulson)
Rd min total = Rdi + Rdo (Pers. 6. 9 Kern)
= 0.002555055 hr ft² ⁰F/Btu

∆P aliran orgnaic vapor = 2 Psia
∆P aliran steam = 2 Psia
* Penentuan LMTD
∆t₂ - ∆t₁
LMTD = ∆t₂
ln
∆t₁
C-217
LMTD
Hot Fluid Cold Fluid Difference
842 Higher T 793.4 48.6
842 Lower T 175.3196 666.6804
0 Difference 618.0804
∆T LMTD 236.0268117 °F
Asumsi heater beroperasi secara isotermal, FT = 1, dan menggunakan HE 1-2
sehingga :
∆T = LMTD
= 236.02681169 °F
842 + 842
Tc = Tav = = 842 °F
2
793.4 + 175.32
tc = tav = = 484.36 °F
2
Menentukan Overall Heat Transfer
Dari tabel 8 Kern untuk sistem steam - organic vapor (gases) pada heater
UD = 5 - 50 Btu/hr ft² °F , dengan asumsi
UD = 30 Btu/hr ft² °F
Q
A =
(UD . ∆T)
C-218
44520859.7190458
=
30 . 236.027
= 6287.543 ft² = > 120 ft²
Karena luas permukaan yang dibutuhkan untuk perpindahan panas > 120 ft²,
maka digunakan heat exchanger jenis shell and tube exchanger.
b. Menentukan Bahan Konstruksi Heater
Dalam perancangan bahan konstruksi heater digunakan Carbon Steel SA-283
Grade C , dengan pertimbangan :
- Mempunyai struktur yang kuat
- Harga relatif murah
- Tahan korosi
- Paling umum digunakan
c. Menentukan Spesifikasi Shell and Tube
Dari tabel 10 Kern, dipilih tube dengan spesifik-----> triangular
OD = 3/4 in
BWG = 16
ID = 0.620 in
a't = 0.302 in²
Surface = 0.1963 ft²
Panjang = 12 ft
Pass = 2
Nt = 138
C-219
A
Jumlah tube (Nt) =
Surface . Panjang
6287.54270206072
=
0.1963 . 12
= 2669.189464
Dari tabel 9 Kern, dipilih spesifikasi :
Pitch = 1 in (triangular pitch)
IDs = 15 1/4 in
Pass = 1
C' = 0.2500
B = 15.0975
* Koreksi hargaUD
Nt
UD = x UD trial
Nt standar
2669.1894643
= x 30 = 580.259 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
138
= 580.25857919 Btu/hr ft² ⁰F < 30
underdesign sebesar ### (Memenuhi)
* Laju alir umpan reaktor (vapor)
Laju alir fluida dingin (umpan reaktor, vapor)

C-220
= 65431.5044482187 kg/jam
= 144251.603336632 lb/jam
Laju alir fluida panas (steam)
= 13885.3775981516 kg/jam
= 30611.981160437 lb/jam
Menghitung Uc dan Rd
Shell (Cold Fluid = Etanol) Tube (Hot Fluid = Steam)
* Flow Area * Flow Area
as = IDs × C’B/144 PT a't = 0.302 in²
= 0.399716797 ft2 Nt . a't

at =
144 . n
138 . 0.302
=
144 . 2
= 0.144708333 ft²
* Mass Velocity * Mass Velocity
W W
Gs = Gt =
As At
144251.6033 30611.98116
= =
0.399716797 0.144708333
= 360884.5174 lb/jam ft² = 211542.6282 lb/jam ft²
* Menentukan bilangan Reynold * Menentukan bilangan Reynold

C-221
Pada tc = 484.3598 ⁰F Gt
V =
µ = 0.037873 lb/ft jam 3600 ρ
De = 0.0608333333 ft fig.28 Kern 211542.628232217

=
k = 0.0046173 Btu/ft jam 3600 . 62.5
c = 4.39512 Btu/lb ft = 0.940189459 fps
De.Gs Pada Tc = 842 ⁰F

Re =
µ µ = 0.026 cp fig.15 Kern
0.060833333 . 360884.5174 = 0.06292 lb/ft jam

=
0.037873 D = 0.052 ft
= 579669.108383051 De.Gt
Re =
µ
0.052 . 211543
=
0.06292
= 173707.92210211
* Faktor Panas (JH)
JH = 130 (fig. 28 Kern)
* Menghitung Koefisien Film PP * Menghitung Koefisien Film PP
k cµ Kondensasi steam (hal 164 Kern)

ho = jH ( ) 0,3Ø
De k hio = 1500 Btu/jam ft² ⁰F
0.3
0.005 4.395 0.03787
= 130
0.061 0.0046173
= 32.5957227498893 Btu/jam ft² ⁰F
* Clean Overall Coefficient (Uc)

C-222
(hio . ho) 1500 . 32.59572275

Uc = =
(hio + ho) 1500 + 32.59572275 (Pers. 6. 38 Kern)
= 31.90246678 Btu/hr ft² ⁰F

Uc . UD
Rd =
Uc - UD
31.90247 Btu/hr ft² ⁰F - 580.25858 Btu/hr ft² ⁰F

=
31.90247 Btu/hr ft² ⁰F . 580.25858 Btu/hr ft² ⁰F
= -0.02962 hr ft² ⁰F/Btu > ( Rd ketetapan = 0.002555 )
sebesar = -1259.36% (Memenuhi)
Pressure drop
Shell (Cold Fluid =Etanol) Tube (Hot Fluid =Steam)
* Menghitung Nre dan Friksi * Menghitung Nre pipa
Re = 579669.1084 Re = 173707.9221
f = 0.0016 ft²/in² (fig. 29 Kern) f = 0.00027 ft²/in² fig.26 Kern
s = 0.81 (Tabel.6 Kern) s = 1 (Tabel.6)
* Menghitung ∆Ps karena panjang shell * Menghitung ∆P karena panjang pipa
f Gs² L n f Gt² L n
ΔPs = ΔPp =
5.22 1010 D s ϕ 5,22 1010 D s ϕ
0.002 1.3E+11 12 2 0.00027 4.48E+10 12 2

= =
5.22 . 1010 0.060833 0.8 1 5.22 . 1010 0.052 1
= 1.94433274 psi = 0.107520147 psi

C-223
(< 2 psi, memenuhi) v² 0.883956218

= = 0.027476
g 32.1714
* Menghitung ∆P karena tube passes
4 n v²
ΔPn =
s 2g
4 . 2
= . 0.027476
1 . 2
= 0.109905844 psi
* Menghitung ∆P total pada bagian tube
ΔPt = ΔPp + ΔPn
= 0.10752 + 0.109906
= 0.21743 psi
(< 2 psi, memenuhi)
RESUME
Nama alat : Heater
Kode alat : E-131
Fungsi : Memanaskan gas etanol umpan masuk reaktor
dari suhu 62,48⁰C sampai suhu 400⁰C

C-224
Jumlah : 1 buah
Jenis : Shell and Tube Exchanger
Bahan Konstruksi : Carbon steel SA-283 Grade C
Media pemanas : Steam, 450 ⁰C
Tube side
OD : 3/4 in
BWG : 16
ID : 5/8 in
Panjang : 12 ft
Jumlah : 138
Pass : 2
Shell side
Pitch : 1 in, triangular pitch
Baffle space : 15.0975
ID : 15 1/4 in
C.8 REAKTOR (R-210)
Feed gas out
Steam in
Steam
condensate
C-225
Feed gas out
Steam in
Steam
condensate
Product gas in
Gambar C.1 Reaktor Fixed Bed Multitube
Fungsi : Tempat terjadinya reaksi dehidrasi Etanol dalam fase gas sebayak
81788.625243 kg/jam menjadi Etilen dalam fase gas sebanyak
37878.787879 kg/jam dengan katalis Asam Zeolit padat sebanyak
54,472.26 kg.
Tujuan :
1. Menentukan jenis reaktor
2. Menentukan jenis dan ukuran pipa
3. Menentukan panjang dan jumlah tube
4. Menghitung berat katalis
5. Menghitung waktu tinggal dalam reaktor
6. Menghitung tebal shell
7. Menentukan dimensi reaktor
8. Menghitung pressure drop di shell
9. Menentukan ukuran nozzle
10. Menghitung reinforcement (penguat) dan sambungan
11. Menghitung sistem support (penyangga)

C-226
1. Menentukan Jenis Reaktor
Dipilih jenis Reaktor Fixed Bed Multitube dengan pertimbangan sebagai berikut :
a. Reaksi adalah fase gas katalitik
b. Digunakan katalis yang berumur panjang (21 bulan)
c. Pressure drop pada reaktor fixed bed lebih kecil
d. Kehilangan katalis termasuk kecil
e. Karena posisi katalis fixed (tetap pada tempatnya) maka abrasi pada dinding
tube dapat diabaikan
f. Tidak diperlukan pemisahan katalis dari gas keluaran reaktor
g. Konstruksi reaktor lebih sederhana sehingga lebih mudah pengoperasiannya
h. Biaya rendah untuk konstruksi, operasi dan pemeliharaan
Reaktor ini beroperasi secara non-adiabatic dan non-isothermal dengan reaksi yang
terjadi di dalam reaktor sebagai berikut :

C2H5OH C2 H 4 + H 2 O
2. Menentukan Jenis dan Ukuran Pipa
Direncanakan untuk menggunakan pipa baja komersial dengan ASA Standard B36.10
sebagai berikut :
Schedule Number (Sch) : 40
D nominal : 2 in
Diameter luar (Odt) : 2.375 in = 6.0325 cm
Diameter dalam (Idt) : 2.067 in = 5.25018 cm

C-227
Inside sectional area (at) : 3.356 in2 = 21.6516 cm2
3. Menentukan Panjang dan Jumlah Tube
A. MENGHITUNG BERAT MOLEKUL UMPAN
Untuk menghitung BM umpan digunakan persamaan :
BM = Σ (Yi × BMi)
Menentukan Panjang dan Jumlah Tube P op = 1 atm Top = 423 o

C
Komposisi reaktan masuk reaktor = 696.15 K
Komposisi Kg/h BM Kmol/h Xi BMi
Etanol 62781.1425 46.069 1362.7633 0.9026 41.5801
Air 2650.3620 18.015 147.1197 0.0974 1.75534
Steam 0.0000 18.015 0.0000 0.0000 0
Total 65431.5044 1509.883 1.000 43.335
1509.883 Kmol/h = 419.412 gmol/s
ΣXi . BM = 43.3355 kg/kmol = 95.5384 lb/kgmol
B. MENENTUKAN FAKTOR KOREKSI, Z UMPAN
BPc Pr (3.61 Smith Van Ness 7th ed.,)

Z=1+ .
RTc Tr
Persamaan yang didigunakan untuk menghitung Pc, Tc, dan ω campuran diperoleh dari
Byron Bird :
Pccamp =  Xi . Pc i
(1.3-2a)
C-228
 Xi . Pc i
Tccamp =  Xi . Tc i
(1.3-2b)
Ωcamp =  Xi . ω i
(1.3-2c)
Komposisi x Tc Pc ωi Xi.Tc Xi.Pc Xi.ωi
Etanol 0.9595 513.9 61.48 0.645 493.08 58.99 0.618874
Air 0.0405 647.15 220.55 0.345 26.21 8.93 0.013975
Steam 0.0000 647.15 221.55 0.345 0.00 0.00 0
Total 1.0000 519.30 67.92 0.63
T 696.15
Tr = = = 1.3406
Σ Xi. Tc 519.30
P 1
Pr = = = 0.0147
Σ Xi. Pc 67.92
Dari Smith Van Ness fig.3-14, titik (Pr,Tr) berada di atas garis,maka menghitung
harga z menggunakan virial coeffisien. Persamaan dari Smith Van Ness 7th,
persamaan 3-65 sampai 3-66 hal. 102 sebagai berikut :
0,422
B o  0,083 - = -0.18103
Tr 1,6
0,172
B1  0,139 - = 0.08877
Tr 4,2
B.Pc/R.Tc = Bo + ω. B1 = -0.12485 (3.63 Smith Van Ness 7th ed.,)
Z = 1 + (B.Pc/R.Tc)(Pr/Tr)
= 0.9986
C-229
C. MENGHITUNG DENSITAS UMPAN
BM x P R= 82.05 atm.cm3/mol K
ρ
ZxR xT R = 0.08206 atm.ltr/mol.K
43.3355 x 1
ρ= = 0.00076 g/cm3
0.9986 x 82.05 x 696.15
= 0.75973 kg/m3
D. MENENTUKAN KECEPATAN VOLUMETRIK UMPAN
Dari neraca massa diketahui :
Laju mol ump = 1509.8830 kmol/jam
= 419.4120 gmol/det
Q = ZnRT/P
= 23926.5046 liter/s
= 23.9265 m3/s
E. MENENTUKAN VISKOSITAS UMPAN
Dari persamaan 1.3-1b Byron Bird halaman 22
μc = 7,7 (BM)1/2 (Pc)2/3 (Tc)-1/6
= 7.7 43.3355 1/2 67.92 2/3 519.30 ###
= 297.638 μp
C-230
= 0.00030 g/cm.s
Dari Bird, Fig 1.3-1 hal 22, dengan harga :
Tr = 1.3406
Pr = 0.0147
Diperoleh μ / μc = 0.55
maka :
µ = 0.00030 x 0.55
= 0.00030 x 0.55
= 0.00016 g/cm.s
F. KONDUKTIVITAS THERMAL UMPAN (K G)
Untuk hidrokarbon Tr >1,harga KG bisa diestimasi dengan korelasi Misic Thodos.
Digunakan persamaan dari Perry, 6th ed., Section 3-282:

KG = 10-6 ∙ (14,25 Tr – 5,14) 2/3 ∙ Cp / Γ
Γ = Tc1/6 . BM1/2 . Pc-2/3
Dimana :
KG = Konduktivitas thermal gas (kal/cm.K)
Cp = Kapasitas panas gas ideal, 7/2 R dimana R 1.986 cal/mol K
Tc = Suhu kritis (K)
Γ = Tekanan kritis (atm)
Sehingga:
Γ = Tc 1/6 x BM 1/2 x Pc ###

C-231
= 519.30 1/6 x 43.3355 1/2 x 67.92 ###
= 1.1211 atm
-6 2/3 Cp
KG = 10 x ( 14.25 Tr - 5.14 ) x
Γ
-6 2/3 7/2 R
= 10 x ( 14.25 1.3406 - 5.14 ) x
1.121103
3.5 1.986
= 1E-06 x 16.12465 x
1.1211
= 1.00E-04 kal/cm.K
G. MENGHITUNG KECEPATAN LINEAR UMPAN (ν)
Agar reaksi dapat berlangsung, maka aliran gas di dalam tube harus turbulen. Dari
Froment & Bischoff, 1st ed., Fig.11.5a-1 untuk aliran turbulen gas dalam pipa, maka
NRc > 100. Diambil NRe = 500
N Re  μ
v
Dp  ρ
Dimana :
Dp = Diameter partikel katalis (cm)= 0.38 cm
= Densitas katalis = 1.75 g/cm³
Dari data Penelitian "Alternatif Sintesis Etilen" katalis H-Zeolit mulai berpengaruh pada
ukuran > 0,3 cm. Maka,

C-232
500 x 0.000164
v = = 0.12308 cm/s
0.38 x 1.75
H. MENGHITUNG MASS VELOCITY (G)
Dari Hill, pers. 13.2.8 hal 560 digunakan untuk menghitung mass velocity sebagai
berikut :
N Re x µ 500 x 0.00016
G= = = 0.2154 g/cm2.s
Dp 0.38
I. MENGHITUNG LUAS PENAMPANG TUBE DALAM REAKTOR (At)
Fm
At =
G
Dimana :
Fm = laju alir massa (g/det)
Fm = n × BM
= ### g/s
Sehingga :
Fm 18175.42
At = = = 84381.3 cm2
G 0.215396
Direncanakan reaktor menggunakan pipa baja komersial dengan ASA Std. B36.10
sebagai berikut : pendix K, Brownell/ Young, Hal 387
Schedule Number (Sch) : 40
D nominal : 2 in
C-233
Diameter luar (Odt) : 2.375 in = 6.0325 cm
Diameter dalam (Idt) : 2.067 in = 5.2502 cm
Inside sectional area (at) : 3.356 in2= 21.6516 cm2
J. MENGHITUNG JUMLAH TUBE (Nt)
At
Nt =
at
Dimana :
Nt = Jumlah tube (buah)
Sehingga :
At 84381.34
Nt = = = 3897 buah
at 21.6516
K. MENGHITUNG DIAMETER DALAM SHELL (IDs)
Direncanakan tube disusun dengan pola triangular pitch.
Gambar C.2 Triangular Pitch

C-234
PT = 1.25 x Odt
= 7.54063 cm = 2.96875 in
C’ = PT –Odt
= 1.50813 cm = 0.59375 in
Diameter dalam shell dicari dengan pers. dari Ludwig Vol. III halaman 25 sebagai
berikut :
π/4 [(IDs - 1,080)² - 0,9] – [PT (IDs - 1,080) . (0,69 n - 0,8)]

Nt =
1,223 PT²
Dimana :
Nt = jumlah tube
IDs = diameter dalam tube, in

PT = pitch tube, in
n = jumlah pass = 1
misal : y = (IDs - 1,080) maka persamaan menjadi :
0.785 [ y2 - 0,9 ] – -0.3266 y

3897 =
10.7789
42007.9 = 0.785 y2 - 0.7065 + 0.3266 y
0 = 0.785 y2 + 0.3266 y -42008.5829
Untuk mencari persamaan tersebut digunakan rumus :

C-235
 b  b 2 - 4a.c
y12 
2a
Maka diperoleh:
y = ### in
IDs = ### in
Tube side
Dp = 0.38 cm = 0.0125 ft
IDt = 5.2502 cm = 0.1723 ft
ODt = 6.0325 cm = 0.1979 ft

Gg = 0.2154 g/cm2.s = 1.6E+03 lb/ft2 jam
μg = 1.6E-04 g/cm.s = 4.0E-02 lb/ft jam
kG = 1.0E-04 atm = 3.4E-02 Btu/ ft jam oF
Koefisien perpindahan panas pada bed (tube) dihitung menurut Froment & Bischoff
halaman 476 :
3,5K G
hi = (Dp  Gg / μg) 0,7 e  4,6 Dp / IDt
IDt
= 38.1016 Btu/jam ft oF
hio = hi × (IDt /ODt)
= 38.1016 × 0.1723 / 0.1979
= 33.1604 Btu/jam ft oF
Shell Side
C-236
Sebagai pemanas yang mengalir di dalam shell dipakai steam superheated450 o

C
= 723.15 K dengan data sebagai berikut :
Cp steam = 0.501955 Btu/lb oF
μ steam = 0.0641559 lb/ft jam
k steam = 0.0351144 Btu/ft jam
ρ steam = 0.01897710 lb/ft3

Menghitung bilangan Reynold di Shell (NRes)
Gs = mass velocity fluida dalam shell, lb/ft2jam
= Ws / as
Ws = laju alir steam =#NAME? kg/jam = #NAME? lb/jam
as = flow area pada shell, ft2
= IDs∙C’∙B/144 PT
IDs = diameter dalam shell = ### in
B = baffle spacing yang direncanakan = 0.5 IDs = 116.102 in

PT = pitch tube = 2.96875 in
C’ = jarak antar tube = 0.5937 in
### × 0.5937 × 116.102

as =
144 × 2.96875
= 37.44330 ft2
#NAME?
Gs = = #NAME? lb/ft2.jam
37.44330
C-237
G sDe
Res=
μs
De = diameter ekuivalen, dari Fig.28 Kern hal. 838
= 3 /12 = 0.2346 ft
#NAME? x 0.2346
Res= = #NAME?
0.0641559
Dari fig.28, Kern, hal. 838 diperoleh:
jH = 16
Maka :
ho = jH (k/De)∙(Cps∙μs) 1/3
= 0.76195 Btu /jam ft oF
M. MENGHITUNG CLEAN OVERALL COEFFICIENT (Uc)
hio  ho
Uc =
hio  ho
33.1604 x 0.761953
=
33.1604 + 0.761953
= 0.74484 Btu/jam .ft². oF
Dari Coulson 6th, Tabel 12.2 hal 516 diperoleh :

C-238
Fluida dalam tube, organic vapor (Rdi) = 0.00114 jam. Ft².°F/Btu
Fluida diluar pipa, steam (Rdo) = 0.00142 jam. Ft².°F/Btu
Rd totol = Rdi + Rdo
= 0.00114 + 0.00142
= 0.00256 jam. Ft².°F/Btu
1
Ud =
Rd  1/Uc
1
=
0.00256 + 1.342574
= 0.74342 Btu/jam .ft². oF
N. MENYUSUN PERSAMAAN LAJU REAKSI (-ra)
Ditinjau dari reaksi utama :
Reaksi dehidrasi etanol :

C2H5OH C2H4 + H2O
Etanol Etilen Air
Reaksi orde satu sehingga persamaan reaksinya adalah :
(-ra) = k∙Ca
Reaksi dilakukan dalam reaktor fixed bed multitube katalitik jadi harga k tidak hanya
dipengaruhi oleh konstanta kecepatan reaksi kimia (k), namun juga oleh difusi
C-239
gas ke lapisan katalis dan difusi gas di lapisan abu partikel. Dari Levenspiel 2nd ed.,
pers.34 hal.373 untuk katalis yang tidak berkurang ukurannya berlaku persamaan :
1
k =
1 R 3
 
kg 2D ks
Dimana :
k = konstanta kecepatan reaksi total
kg = koefisien difusi gas lapisan film partikel
D = difusifitas gas ke partikel
ks = konstanta kecepatan reaksi kimia per satuan luas permukaan katalis
Dari Levenspiel, persamaan 28 hal.370 harga kg diperoleh sebagai berikut :
kg = 2D/Dp = D/R
Dimana :
R = jari-jari partikel katalis
= Dp/2 = 0.19 cm
Harga difusifitas dapat diestimasi dari korelasi Knudsen dari Hill, pers.12.2-4 hal.433
sebagai berikut :
D = 9,7∙103 ∙ r ∙ (T/BM) 1/2
Dimana :
D = difusifitas (cm2/det)
T = suhu (K)
C-240
r = 2Vg/Sg
Vg= volume spesifik (cm3/g)
Sg= luas permukaan spesifik (cm2/g)
Data Sg dan Vg untuk katalis Asam Zeolit diperoleh dari Wheeler,1950 dalam Smith
, 1081 dimana Karakteristik silika - alumina sebagai katalis dalam proses perengkahan
mempunyai luas permukaan 200-600 m2/g, volume pori 0,2 - 0,7 cm3/g. Diambil :
Vg= 0.5 cm3/g
Sg= 400 x 10 4 cm2/g
Sehingga :
2 x 0.5 cm3/g
r = = 2.5E-07 cm
400 x 10 4 cm2/g
O. HARGA KONSTANTA KECEPATAN REAKSI
Reaksi dehidrasi etanol :

C2H5OH C2H4 + H2O
Etanol Etilen Air
Dengan persaman Archenius : – E / R.T

k = A e
Dimana :
E = Energi aktifasi
C-241
A = Faktor Tumbukan
R = Konstanta gas ideal = 1.987 kal/gmol K
T = Suhu absolute
Harga faktor tumbukan (A) didapat dari data laporan penelitian "Alternatif Sintesis
Etilen” yaitu sebesar = 0.00446
Energi aktivasi (E) didekati dengan energi gibbs :

∆G = ∆Goref + R T ln Qr
data-data ∆Go adalah sebagai berikut :
∆Go Etilen = 68.460 Joule/mol K
∆Go Etanol = -168.490 Joule/mol K
∆Go Air = -228.572 Joule/mol K
∆Goref = ∆G0produk - ∆G0reaktan
= ∆Go Etilen + ∆Go Air - ∆Go Etanol
= 68.460 + -228.57 - -168.490
= 8.378 Joule/mol K = 2001.05 kal/mol
[C2H4]. [H2O] 1350.498 x 1497.62

Qr = = = 164904.3998
[C2H5OH] 12.2649
Sehingga,
E = ∆Goref + RT ln Qr
= 2001.05 + R T ln 164904.3998
C-242
= 2001.05 + R T ln 164904.3998
= 2001.05 + R T 12.01312
– E / R.T
k = A e
– (2001,05 + 7,62682 R.T) / (R.T)

= 0.00446 e
Dimana :
T = suhu (K)
R = konstanta gas 1.987 kal/gmol K
Dengan demikian harga k dapat dihitung :
dimana diketahui : kg = 2D/Dp = D/R
1 1 1 1
k = = 1 R 3
= =
1 R 3   R R 3 3R 3
  R 2D ks   
kg 2D ks D 2D ks 2D ks
D
Dengan memasukkan harga-harga yang diketahui:
R = 0.19 cm
BM = 43.3355 g/gmol
r = 2.5E-07 cm
maka :
1 1
k = =
3R 3 3R 3
 
2D ks
2 (9,7 x 103 . r . (
T 1/ 2
) ) 0,00446 . e  (2001,05  7,62682 R.T)
R.T
BM
C-243
1 1
k = =
3R 3 3R 3
  (2001,05  7,62682 R.T)
2D ks T 1/ 2
2 (9,7 x 103 . r . ( ) ) 0,00446 . e  R.T
BM
1
=
3 (0,19) 3

2 (9,7 x 103 . 2,5E - 07 . (
T 1/ 2
) )  (2001,05  7,62682 R.T)
0,00446 . e R.T
40,27
1
=
0,57 3

7,6428 . 10-4 . T  (2001,05  7,62682 R.T)
0,00446 . e R.T
Dimana :
k = konstanta laju reaksi (cm3/g kal. jam)
T = suhu (K)
R = konstanta gas (kal /gmol K)
Untuk reaktan gas maka Ca dapat dihitung dengan persamaan :
Ca = n / V = Pa / R.T
Untuk gas berlaku :
Fi
Pi = x Pt
Ft
Untuk menghitung Fa didapat dari neraca massa :
>>>Komponen sebelum reaksi
Komponen kmol Fao

C-244
Etanol 43.3355 1
Jika konversi total Etanol = 95,8%, maka :
>>>Komponen setelah reaksi
Komponen Fao Fa (Xa.Fao)
Etanol 1 -0.958
Etilen 0.958
Air 0.958
Total 1 0.958
Etanol = 43.3355 (1-Xa)
Etilen = 43.3355 (Xa)
Air = 43.3355 (Xa)
Sehingga :
Fao (1 - Xa) (1 - Xa)

Pa  . Pt  . Pt
Fao (40,89  0,958 Xa) (40,89  0,958 Xa)
(1 - Xa) Pt
Ca  .
(40,89  0,958 Xa) RT
Dimana :
Ca= konsentrasi komponen a (gmol/L)
Pa= tekanan uap komponen a (atm)

C-245
Pt = tekanan total (atm)
R = konstanta gas (L.atm/gmol K)
T = suhu (K)
Maka persamaan reaksi adalah sebagai berikut :

–ra = k . Ca
1
=
0,57 3

7,6428 . 10-4 . T  (2001,05  7,62682 R.T)
0,00446 . e R.T
P. MENGHITUNG PANJANG TUBE (z)
Panjang tube didapat dari persamaan-persamaan profil untuk :
* Profil konversi sepanjang reaktor
* Profil temperatur sepanjang reaktor
* Profil temperatur steam sepanjang reaktor
* Profil pressure drop sepanjang reaktor
Perhitungan profil masing-masing persamaan sebagai berikut :
>>> Menentukan persamaan profil konversi terhadap panjang reaktor
Profil aliran gas dalam tube :
Fa Fa + Z
Xa Xa + z ID OD
Z=0 Z=L
z
C-246
Neraca massa pada elemen volume ∆V :
Input = output - reaksi + acc
FA| v FA| v+Δv
v v + Δv
Keterangan : FA : Kecepatan massa etanol, kmol/s
V : Volume reaktor
Δv : Penambahan volume, m3
Rate of input – rate of output – rate of reaction = rate of

accumulation
FA | v - FA | v  vrv
FA | v - FA | v  vr *v
Lim FA | v - FA | v  Δv
 rA
Δv  0 Δv
dFA πd 2
  rA dimana : v Z
dv 4
πd 2
dv  dZ
4
dFA πd 2 dimana : FA  FAo(1  XA)

  rA
dZ 4
dFA   FAo dX
FAo dX πd 2
 rA
dZ 4
C-247
Untuk Nt buah pipa
>>> Menentukan persamaan profil temperatur terhadap panjang tube
Neraca panas pada elemen volume
H| v H| v+Δv
v v+Δv
panas masuk – panas keluar - panas reaksi = panas terakumulasi
H | v - HA | v  vrHR v
Jika diambil Δv = 0
maka :
Lim H | v - H | v  Δv
 rA ΔHR
Δv  0 Δv
dH dimana : πd 2
  rA ΔHR v Z
dv 4
πd 2
dv  dZ
4
ΣWs Cps Ts | Z  ΣWs Cps Ts |Z  ΔZ Ud π Odt Nt ΔZ(T  Ts)


ΔZ ΔZ
C-248
ΣWs Cps Ts | Z  ΣWs Cps Ts |Z  ΔZ Ud π Odt Nt ΔZ(T  Ts)


ΔZ ΔZ
dH
  rA ΔHR dimana : ΔHR  U(T  Tref)
πd 2
dZ
4
dH πd 2
  U(T  Tref)rA dimana : H  ΣFi Cpi (T  Tref)
dZ 4
dH  d  Fi . Cpi (T  T ref)
 ΣFi Cpi dT
Berarti :
ΣFi Cpi dT πd 2
  ΔHR rA
dZ 4
Dari neraca massa dan panas pada elemen volum didapat
Dimana : H : Entalphi bahan, kJ/s
Cp : Kapasitas panas kJ/kmol K
ΔHR: Panas reaksi, kJ/kmol
rA : Kecepatan reaksi, kmol/m3s

C-249
>>> Menentukan persamaan profil temperatur steam sepanjang reaktor
Neraca panas pendingin sekitar elemen volume (dV) :
Heat input + heat generated = heat output
Rate of input – rate of output = rate of accumulation
Pada keadaan steady state yang terakumulasi = 0
ΣWs Cps Ts | Z  Ud π Odt Nt ΔZ(T  Ts)  ΣWs Cps Ts |Z ΔZ
ΣWs Cps Ts | Z  ΣWs Cps Ts |ZΔZ Ud π Odt Nt ΔZ(T  Ts)


ΔZ ΔZ
Limit ΔZ 0
Dimana
Ud : Koefisien perpindahan panas kotor
Odt : Diameter luar tube
Nt : Jumlah pipa
Cps : Kapasitas panas pemanas
Ws : Laju aliran pemanas
>>> Menentukan persamaan profil perbedaan tekanan sepanjang tube
* Pressure Drop (Dp)
Penurunan tekanan pada pipa berisi katalisator (fixed bed) digunakan persamaan 8.23
C-250
Wallas, P.194
 1 ε 
fK  1,75  150  
 Dp G/μ 
2
dP fK G T  1  ε 
  
ρf dZ Dp gc  ε 3 
Dimana : GT : Kecepatan aliran massa gas dalam pipa,
ρ : Densitas gas,
Dp : Diameter partikel katalisator, cm
gc : Gaya grafitasi,
ε : porositas tumpukan katalisator
μ : Viskositas gas,
* Panas reaksi
Reaksi bersifat endotermis, panas yang dikeluarkan adalah sebagai berikut :
Suhu referensi = 298 oK
Panas pembentukan pada keadaan standart, (J/mol)
ΔHf C2H5OH = -234.81

C-251
ΔHf C2H4 = 52
ΔHf H2O = -241.8 ( Properties Data Bank)

ΔHR298 = ΔHf C2H4 + ΔHf H2O - ΔHf C2H5OH
= 45.31 kJ/kmol
* Kapasitas panas
Tref = 298 K ; T = 658.15 K
Dari Karl Yaws :
Didapat :
ΔA = 3.89E+01
ΔB = -1.34E-01
ΔC = 1.68E-04
ΔD = -1.05E-07
ΔE = 2.54E-11
Kapasitas Panas Gas :
ΔB ΔC ΔD ΔE
 ΔCp dT ΔA T - 298  2
(T  298) 2 
3
(T  298) 3 
4
(T  298) 4 
5
 T  298 5 dT
Sehingga
Cp = 7547.59 kJ/kmol.K
ΔHR  ΔHR 0   ΔCp dT

C-252
ΔHR  ΔHR 0   ΔCp dT
= 45.31 + 7547.585 kJ/kmol.K
= 7592.9 kJ/kmol.K
>>> Menentukan profil reaktor
Persamaan yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut :
1. dX π d2 1
 rA x ε
dZ 4 FAo
2. dT πd 
 4
2
rA ΔHR
dZ ΣFi Cpi
3. dP fK ft 2  1  ε 
  
ρf dZ Dp ρg gc  ε 3 
4. dTs Ud π Odt Nt (T  Ts)


dZ Ws Cps
5. (1 - Xa) Pt
-ra = k . .
(40,27  0,958 Xa) RT
1
6.
0,57 3

7,6428 .10-4 . T  (2001,05  7,62682 R.T)
0,00446 . e R.T
7. Ts = Tso + ΔTs
8. Cp = A + BT + CT2 + DT3 + ET4

C-253
Trial Reaktor
L tube (cm) Konversi (x) T gas (K) T steam (K) P (atm)
0 0.0000 696.1500 723.1500 1.0000
28.5 0.0059 696.1498 #DIV/0! 0.5283
60 0.0083 696.1497 #DIV/0! 0.0069
96.5 0.0054 696.1498 #DIV/0! -0.5972
138.5 -0.0054 696.1502 #DIV/0! -1.2924
188.5 -0.0289 696.1511 #DIV/0! -2.1200
250.5 -0.0757 696.1530 #DIV/0! -3.1462
331 -0.1696 696.1566 #DIV/0! -4.4786
445.5 -0.3863 696.1650 #DIV/0! -6.3738
645 -1.1594 696.1947 #DIV/0! -9.6758
901 -4.1623 696.3050 #DIV/0! -13.9130
PROFIL KONVERSI
1.0
Konversi (Xa)
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Panjang tube (cm)

0.4 C-254
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Panjang tube (cm)
PROFIL SUHU ALIRAN GAS
696.310
696.290
Suhu (K)
696.270
696.250
696.230
696.210
696.190
696.170
696.150
696.130
696.110
696.090
696.070
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Panjang tube (cm)
PROFIL SUHU STEAM
730
725
Suhu (K)
720
715
710
705
700
695
690
685
680
675
670
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Panjang tube (cm)

C-255
PROFIL TEKANAN
2.0000
0.0000
Suhu (K)
-2.0000 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
-4.0000
-6.0000
-8.0000
-10.0000
-12.0000
-14.0000
-16.0000
Panjang tube (cm)
4. Menghitung Berat Katalis
Dari grafik masing-masing profil reaktor diperoleh panjang tube sebesar
901.0000 cm = 29.5604 ft
Persamaan kinetika untuk reaktor fixed bed adalah :
dW dXa

Fao ( ra)
dW = rB∙Nt∙p/4∙(IDt)2(1-e)dZ
 dW   ρ B .Nt.πNt.π/ t) 2 (1  ε)dZ
Bulk Density, ρbulk

ρb  ρs (1  ε)  ρud ε
P * BM 1* 29
ρud   = 5,25*10-4 g/cm3
R *T 82,06cm 3 /atm * 6730 K
C-256
P * BM 1* 29
ρud  
R *T 82,06cm 3 /atm * 6730 K
ρb  1,75(1  0,36)  5,25.10 4 .0,36
= 1,1202 g/cm3
W = ρB∙Nt∙π/4∙(IDt)2∙(1-ɛ)dZ
= (1,1202 g/cm3)(264) π/4 (5,2502 cm)2(1-0,36)( 901 cm)
= 54,472,260.0141 g
= 54,472.260 kg
= 119838.972 lb
5. Menghitung Waktu Tinggal dalam Reaktor
Waktu tinggal (t ) = Vt / Q
Vt = panjang tube x π/4 x ID2 x jumlah tube
901 x 0.785 x ( 5.2502 )2 x 3897

t=
23926504.55808
= 3.1756 sekon
6. Menghitung tebal shell
Dipilih jenis bahan konstruksi high alloy steel SA 167 grade.10, dengan pertimbangan
sebagai berikut :
a. Fluida tidak korosif
b. Mempunyai allowable stress yang kecil
c. Harga relatif murah
d. Bahan kuat dan tahan terhadap panas

C-257
Tekanan yang diijinkan, = 3500
Efisiensi pengelasan,E = 0.8 (double wetted joint)
Faktor korosi, c = 0.125
IDs = ### in = 19.3503 ft
Ri = IDs/2 116.1016 in
Tekanan operasi = 1 atm
= 14.7000 psi
Faktor keamanan = 0.1
Tekanan rancangan = 110 % P
= 110 % (14,7 psi)
= 16.1700 psi
Untuk menghitung tebal shell digunakan persamaan 13-1 Brownell & Young :
P.Ri
ts = + 0.125
f.E-0.6.P
16.17 x 116.1016
= + 0.125
3500 x 0.8 - 0.6 x 16.17
= 0.79782 in
untuk perancangan digunakan tebal shell standar 5/16 in
7. Menghitung Dimensi Reaktor
Menghitung tebal head (th)
Direncanakan bentuk head berupa eliptical dished head dengan bahan yang sama
C-258
dengan bahan shell. Persamaan untuk menghitung tebal head yaitu persamaan 13-12
Brownell & Young :
0.885P.Ri
th = + 0.125
f.E-0.1.P
= 0.6986 in
Untuk perancangan digunakan tebal head standar 5/16 in
Menghitung tinggi head (Hh)
IDs = ### in
ODs = IDs + 2 ts
= 232.203 + 2 x 5/16
= 232.83 in
Untuk perancangan digunakan OD shell standar 66 in
Dari tabel 5.7 Brownell & Young, hal. 90 untuk ODs =66 in
ts = 5/16 in diperoleh :
icr = 4 dan r = 66
Eliptical Dished Head

C-259
Direncanakan head dipasang dengan flange dan dish, maka persaman yang berlaku
dari Brownell & Young, hal. 87 :
a = IDs/2
= ### /2
= 116.102 in
AB = a-icr
= 116.102 – 4
= 112.102 in
BC = r – icr
= 66 – 4
= 62 in
AC = (BC2 – AB2) 1/2
= #NUM! in
b = r – AC
= 66 – #NUM!
= #NUM! in
Dari tabel 5.6, Brownell & Young, hal 88 dengan th = 5/16 in, diperoleh
sf = 1 ½ - 3 in. Untuk perancangan diambil sf = 3 in
Maka tinggi head adalah :
Hh = th + b + sf
=( 5/16 + #NUM! + 3 ) in
= #NUM! in
C-260
= #NUM! ft
Menghitung tinggi reaktor (HR)
Tinggi reaktor = panjang tube + 2 tinggi head

HR = L + 2Hh
= 901.0 + 2 x #NUM!
= #NUM! cm = #NUM! m
Menghitung volume reaktor (VR)
Volume reaktor = volume shell +2 volume head
= p/4 (IDs)2L + 2Vh
Volume shell = p/4 (IDs) 2 L
= p /4 19.3503 2 x 29.5604 = 8688.6759 ft3
Untuk head dengan bentuk dished head maka Vh = 0,000049 IDs3.
Vh = 4.9E-05 19.3503 3 = 0.3550 ft3
Volume reaktor = volume shell + 2 ∙ volume head
= 8688.6759 + 0.3550
= 8689.0310 ft3
8. Menghitung pressure drop di bagian shell
f x Gs 2 xDs x ( N  1)
ΔPs =
5,22 x 1010 x De x S x  s
dari fig.29 Kern untuk Res = ### , didapat f = 0.0038 ft2/in2
L= 901.0 cm = 29.56037 ft
C-261
(N+1) = 12 (L/B) =36.66351 ft
Ds = ### in = 19.35027 ft
De = 0.235 ft
s =1
Gs = kecepatan.massa = #NAME? lb/ft2 jam
ΔPs = ### Psi
ΔPs hitung ≤ ΔPs maksimum 2 Psi (aliran gas),
maka desain shell reaktor memenuhi syarat untuk digunakan.
9. Menentukan Ukuran Nozzle
Dalam perancangan reaktor ini nozzle – nozzle yang digunakan adalah :
- Nozzle pemasukan bahan baku
- Nozzle pengeluaran produk
- Nozzle pemasukan dan pengeluaran steam
A. NOZZLE PEMASUKAN BAHAN BAKU (ETANOL)
Rate bahan baku = 65431.50445 kg/jam = 144251.6033 lb/jam

ρ bahan baku (400 oC) = 0.7597279 kg/m3 = 0.047428155 lb/ft3
μ bahan baku = 0.000163701 g/cm.s = 0.000660013 lbm/ft.min
144251.6033 lb/jam 1 jam

Rate volumetric ( Q ) = x
0.047428155 lb/ft3 60 menit
= 50691.269588699 ft3/ menit
Asumsi : aliran turbulen

C-262
Dari fig. 14.2 Peters & Timmerhauss hal. 498 didapat :
Diameter nozzle = 15 in = 1.25 ft
D x ρ x V
NRe =
μ
1.25 x 0.047428155 x 50691.26959

=
0.000660013
= 4,553,304.37 ≥ 2100 (aliran turbulen)
Dari App K. Brownell & Young, hal.388, digunakan pipa ukuran 16 in
Sch 20 dimana :
di = 15.375 in
do = 16.000 in
tp = 0.312 in
Bahan yang digunakan adalah High Alloy Steel SA 240 Grade M
Type 316
dengan f = 16,750 psi
Faktor korosi (c) = 1/16
Tekanan design = 1 atm = 14.7 Psi
Pi x di
tp = + c
2. (f. E - 0,6. Pi)
14.7 x 15.375 1
= +
C-263
= +
2 [(16750 x 0,8)-(0,6.14,7)] 16
= 0.0709 in < 0.312 in (memenuhi)
B. NOZZLE PENGELUARAN PRODUK (ETILEN)
Rate produk = 65431.50445 kg/jam = 144251.6033 lb/jam

ρ produk (400 oC) = -0.06770703 kg/m3 = -1.08456506 lb/ft3
μ produk = 0.000163701 g/cm.s = 0.000660013 lbm/ft.min
144251.6033 lb/jam 1 jam

-1.08456506 lb/ft3 60 menit
= -2216.735046768 ft3/ menit

D x ρ x V
NRe =
μ
1.25 x -1.08456506 x -2216.73505

=
0.000660013
= 4,553,304.37 ≥ 2100 (aliran turbulen)
Sch 20 dimana :
di = 15.375 in
do = 16.000 in
C-264
tp = 0.312 in
Bahan yang digunakan adalah High Alloy Steel SA 240 Grade M Type 316,
Pi x di
tp = + c
2. (f. E - 0,6. Pi)
14.7 x 15.375 1
= +
2 [(16750 x 0,8)-(0,6.14,7)] 16
= 0.0709 in < 0.312 in (memenuhi)
C. NOZZLE PEMASUKAN DAN PENGELUARAN STEAM
Rate steam = 0.00 kg/jam = 0 lb/jam

ρ steam (450 oC) = 0.0189771 lb/ft3
μ steam = 0.0641559 lb/ft.h = 0.001069265 lbm/ft.min
0 lb/jam 1 jam
0.0189771 lb/ft3 60 menit
= 0 ft3/ menit

D x ρ x V
NRe =
C-265
NRe =
μ
0.41667 x 0.0189771 x 0
=
0.001069265
= - ≥ 2100 (aliran turbulen)
Sch 40 dimana :
di = 5.047 in
do = 5.563 in
tp = 0.258 in
Bahan yang digunakan adalah High Alloy Steel SA 240 Grade M Type 316
Pi x di
tp = + c
2. (f. E - 0,6. Pi)
14.7 x 5.047 1
= +
2 [(16750 x 0,8)-(0,6.14,7)] 16
= 0.0653 in < 0.258 in (memenuhi)
Kesimpulan Perancangan Nozzle
a. Nozzle pemasukan bahan baku
ID = 15.375 in
C-266
OD = 16.000 in
tp = 0.312 in
b. Nozzle pengeluaran produk
ID = 15.375 in
OD = 16.000 in
tp = 0.312 in
c. Nozzle pemasukan dan pengeluaran steam
ID = 5.047 in
OD = 5.563 in
tp = 0.258 in
Flange yang digunakan pada keempat nozzle tersebut adalah Nonstandart
large-diameter flanges.
Gambar Nonstandart large-diameter flanges
Dari fig. 12-2 Brownell & Young, hal. 221, diperoleh dimensi flange yaitu :
Noz NPS A T R E K L B
A 16 23 1/2 1 7/16 18 1/2 18 16.00 5 15.25

C-267
B 16 23 1/2 1 7/16 18 1/2 18 16.00 5 15.25
C 5 10 15/16 7 5/16 6 7/16 5.56 3 1/2 5.05
Keterangan :
A : Nozzle pemasukan bahan baku (Etanol)
B : Nozzle pengeluaran produk
C : Nozzle pemasukan dan pengeluaran steam
NPS : Ukuran pipa nominal , in
A : Diameter luar flange, in
T : Ketebalan flange minimum, in
R : Diameter luar bagian yang menonjol, in
E : Diameter hubungan pada dasar, in
K : Diameter hubungan pada titik pengelasan, in
L : Panjang melewati hubungan, in
B : Diameter dalam pipa, in
10. Perhitungan Reinforcement (Penguat)
Menentukan lubang maksimum tanpa penguat
P.do
K =
2.ts.f
( pers.10-29,Herman C.Hesse, hal.280)
Dimana :
P = tekanan design = 14.7 psig
do = diameter luar dinding shell = 66 in

C-268
ts = tebal shell = 5/16 in
f = stress yang diijinkan = 16750 psi
Maka :
14.7 x 66
K = = 0.09268
2 x 5/16 x 16,750
do x t = 66 x 5/16 = 20.63 in
Diameter lubang max. = 20.63 in, sehingga tiap lubang yang besar d20.63
in memerlukan penguat.Dari perhitungan mencari diameter lubang nozzle disimpulkan
bahwa dalam perencanaan reactor ini tak memerlukan penguat nozzle
Sambungan Tutup (Head) dengan Dinding (Shell) Reaktor
Untuk mempermudah perbaikan & perawatan reaktor,maka tutup bejana dihubungkan
dengan bagian bejana shell secara sistem flange dan bolting.
a. Flange
- bahan : High Alloy Steel SA 240 grade M type 316
- tensile strength minimum : 75,000 psi
- allowable stress : 16,750
- type flange : ring flange
( App. D. Brownell & Young, hal.342 )
b. Bolting
C-269
- bahan : Carbon Steel SA 261 Grade BO
- tensile strength minimum : 100,000 psi
- allowable stress : 10,000 psi
c. Gasket
- bahan : Flat metal, jacketed, asbestos filled
- gasket factor ( m ) : 3.75
- tebal : 1/16 in = 0.0625
- minimum design seating stress ( y ) :9000 psi
( Fig. 12-11, Brownell & Young, hal. 228 )
a. Gasket
- Menentukan Lebar Gasket
do y(pxm)

di y  p ( m 1) ( pers.12.2, Brownell & Young, hal. 226 )
Dimana :
do : diameter luar gasket, in:
di : diameter dalam gasket, in = diameter luar shell = 66 in
P : tekanan design = 14.7 psi
m : gasket factor = 3.75
y : yield stress = 9000

C-270
do ( 9000 - ( 14.7 x 3.75 ) ) 1/2

= ( )
di ( 9000 - 14.7 ( 3.75 + 1) )
= 1.000822714 in
Dengan : di = do shell = 66 in
do = di x 1.000822714
= 66 x 1.000822714
= 66.054299108 in
Lebar gasket minimum (n) :
do - di 66.054299108 - 66
n= =
2 2
= 0.0271495538 in = 1/8 in
Diameter rata – rata gasket ( G ) = di + Lebar
= 66 + 1/8
= 66.125 in
- Perhitungan Beban Gasket

C-271
Gambar. The Three major forces acting on a gasket

Wm2 = Hy = ρ x b x G x y (pers.12.88, Brownell & Young,hal.240)
Dimana : b = lebar efektif gasket ( in )
y = yield ( lb/in2 )
G = diameter rata – rata gasket = 66.125 in
Dari fig. 12.12, Brownell & Young, hal.229 didapat :
Lebar seating gasket, bo = n/2 = 0,125 / 2 = 0,0625 in
Untuk bo £ 0,25 in, maka b = bo = 0,0625 in
Sehingga :
Wm2 = Hy = π x 0.0625 x 66.125 x 9000
= 116,793.28 lb
Beban karena tekanan dalam ( H ) :
H = 1/4 x π x G2 x P
= 1/4 x π x (66,125)2 x 14.7
= 50,456.644 lb
Beban baut agar tidak bocor ( Hp ) :
Hp = 2 x bo x π x G x m P
( pers.12.90, Brownell & Young, hal.240)
Hp = 2 x 0.0625 x π x 66.125 x 3.75 x 14.7
= 1430.7176953125 lb
C-272
Jadi berat beban :

Wm1 = H + Hp
= 50456.6440546875 + 1430.7176953125
= 51,887.36 lb
Karena Wm1 < Wm2, sehinga yang mengontrol adalah Wm2
b. Baut
- Perhitungan luas minimum bolting ( baut ) area

Wm2
Am2 =
fb (pers.12.93,Brownell & Young, hal.240)
116793.28125
=
10000
= 11.6793 in2
- Ukuran baut optimum ( optimum bolting area )
Dari table 10.4, Brownell & Young, hal.188, dicoba ukuran baut =1 3/4 in
Dengan root area = 1.744 in2

Am2 11.67932813
N = = = 7 buah
root area 1.7440
Dari table 10.4, Brownell & Young, hal.188 diperoleh :
- Ukuran nominal baut = 1 3/4 in
- Root area ( A ) = 1.98 in2
- Bolting spacing = 3 3/4 in

C-273
- Jarak radial minimum ( R ) = 2 1/4 in
- Jarak dari tepi ( E ) = 1 3/4 in
- Bolt area diameter ( C ) :
C = IDs + 2 (2,415 x go +R)
IDs = 232.20325571 in
go = tebal shell = 5/16
Sehingga
C = 232.2032557 + 2x ( 2.415 x 5/16 + 2 1/4 )
= 237.01 in
Diameter luar flange ( A ) :
A = OD = bolt area diameter + 2E
= C + 2E
= 237.01 + 2. 1 3/4
= 240.51 in
Cek lebar gasket
Ab aktual = jumlah baut x root area
= 7x 3 3/4
= 25.11 in2
Lebar gasket minimum
Ab aktual x f
W =
2xπxyxG
C-274
25.11 x 10000
=
2x 3.14 x 9000 x 66.125
= 0.067194667 in
Karena W = 0.06719 in < lebar gasket yang ditetapkan= 0.10914 in
maka lebar gasket memenuhi.
- Perhitungan Moment
Untuk keadaan bolting up ( tanpa tekanan dalam )

Am2 + Ab
W = x f
2 (pers.12.94,Brownell & Young, p.242)
11.679328125 + 25.11
= x 10000
2
= 183962.811693664 lb
Jarak radial dari beban gasket yang bereaksi terhadap bolt circle ( hG ) adalah :
hG = 1/2 . (C - G)
= 1/2 ( 240.51 - 66.125 )
= 87.1901 in
Moment Flange ( Ma ) :
Ma = W x hG
= 183962.811693664 x 87.1901
= 16039729.5745127 lb in
Untuk keadaan moment pada kondisi operasi :
W = Wm2 = 116,793.28 lb
C-275
Gaya hidrostatis pada daerah dalam flange ( HD ) :
HD = 0.785 x B2 x P (pers.12.96,Brownell & Young, p.242)
Dimana :
B = do shell = 66 in
P = tekanan design = 14.7
maka
HD = 0.785 x 66 2 x 14.7
= 50266.062 lb
Jarak jari – jari bolt circle pada HD ( hD ) :
hD = 0.5 . (C -B) ( pers.12.100, Brownell & Young, hal.242)
= 0.5 . ( 66 - 237.01 )
= -85.5026 in
Moment komponen ( MD ) :
MD = HD x hD ( pers.12.96, Brownell & Young, hal.242 )
= = 50266.062 x -85.503
= -4297877.2513079 lb in
Perbedaan antara beban baut flange dengan gaya hidrostatis

total ( HG ) :
HG = W - H ( pers.12.98, Brownell & Young, hal.242 )
= 116,793.28 - 50,456.644
= 66,336.637 lb
Momen komponen ( MG ) :
C-276
MG = HG x hG ( pers.12.98, Brownell & Young, hal.242 )
= 66336.64 x 87.190
= 5783895.73 lb
Perbedaan gaya hidrostatis total dengan gaya hidrostatis dalam area flange :
HT = H - HD ( pers.12.97, Brownell & Young, hal.242 )
= 50456.64 - 50266.06
= 190.58 lb
hT = 0.5 . (hD + hG) ( pers.12.102, Brownell & Young, hal.242 )
= 0.5 . ( -85.502565355 + 87.190 )
= 0.84 in
Momen komponen ( MT ) :
MT = H T x hT ( pers.12.97, Brownell & Young, hal.242 )
= 190.58 x 0.84
= 160.80360864 lb in
Total moment pada keadaan operasi ( Mo ) :

Mo = MD + MG + MT ( pers.12.99, Brownell & Young, hal.242 )
= -4297877.2513 + 5783895.73 + 160.8036086
= 1486179.28 lb in
C-277
Karena Ma > Mo, maka yang mengontrol kondisi operasi adalah Ma
M. Max = Ma = 16039729.574513 lb in
c. Flange
- Perhitungan Tebal Flange

0,5
 y x M max 
tf =  
 f x B  ( pers.12.85, Brownell & Young, hal.239 )
Dimana :
f = stress yang diijinkan untuk bahan flange= 16,750 psi
B = diameter luar reaktor = 66 in
A = diameter luar flange = 240.51 in
maka :
A 240.51
K = = 3.64402
B 66
Dari fig. 12-22, Brownell & Young, hal.238 diperoleh harga y = 34 maka :
34 x 16039729.574513 1/2
tf =
16,750 x 66
= 22.2105 in
Jadi digunakan tebal flange = 3.5 in
- Perhitungan Las Nozzle Terhadap Dinding Flange
Dari App. K, Brownell & Young, hal. 386 didapat :
Pipa 1/2 in IPS Sch 40 dengan tebal ( n ) = 0,109 in

C-278
Tebal shell ( ts ) = 5/16 in
Untuk t dan n £ 0,2 in dan n > t, maka :

( t1 + t2 )min. = 1,2t + 0,1n
= [1,2 x ( 5/16 )] + [0,1 x (0,109)]
= 03859 in
Jadi ditetapkan tebal las t1 dan t2 = 0,5 in
Kesimpulan Perancangan :
- Flange
Bahan = High Alloy Steel SA 240 grade M type 316
Stress = 16750
Tebal = 22.21051 in
OD = 240.51 in
Type = ring flange
- Bolting
Bahan = Carbon Steel SA 261 grade BO
Stress = 10,000 psi
Ukuran = 1 3/4 in
Jumlah = 7 buah
Bolting area diameter ( C ) = 3 3/4 in
Edge Distance ( E ) = 1 3/4 in
Minimum radial ( R ) = 2 1/4 in

C-279
- Gasket
Bahan = Flat metal, jacketed, asbestos filled
Stress minimum = 9000 psi
Tebal = 1/8 in
Lebar = 1/8 in
11. Sistem Penyangga ( Support )
a. Menghitung Berat Bejana Total

- Berat tutup Reaktor ( W1 )
Data :
OD silinder = 66 in
ID silinder = 232.203 in
Tebal tutup = 5 /16 in
ρ high alloy steel = 493.75 lb/ft3= 0.28573 lb/in3
Dari table 5.6, Brownell & Young, hal. 88 didapat :
sf = 2.5 in ( untuk tebal head 5/16, sf = 1,5-3 )
icr = 4 in ( untuk OD = 66 in )
Dengan persamaan 5.12, Brownell & Young, hal. 88 :
D = OD + (OD/2) + 2 sf + 2/3 icr
= 66 + 33 + 5 + 2.67
= 106.67 in = 8.88889 ft
Berat tutup bawah dan atas ( W1 ) :
C-280
W1 = π/4 x D2 x th x ρ
= π/4 x 8.88889 2 x 5/16 x 0.28573
= 5.5383 lb
Karena dimensi tutup atas dan tutup bawah sama, maka total berat tutup atas dan
bawah adalah :
W1 = 2 x 5.538319473 = 11.07663895 lb
- Berat Dinding Reaktor ( W2 )
Data :
Tinggi shell ( H ) = 9.01 m = 354.724601 in

W2 = π/4 x ( do2 - di2 ) x ρ x H
= π/4 x [(66)2 - (61,13082)2] x 0.28573 x 354.7246
= -3943449.1366646 lb
- Berat Isi Reaktor
§ Tube
Dari tabel 11, Kern hal.844 didapat :
di = 2.067 in
do = 2.375 in
L = 9.010 m = 354.724601 in
Volume bahan tube = π/4 x ( do2 - di2 ) x L
= π/4 x [(2,38)2 - (2,07)2] x 354.7246
= 380.9695249 in3
C-281
Volume tube adalah :

W3 = Vbahan x jumlah tube
= 380.9695249 x 3897
= 1484729.2143 in3
§ Baffle
Data :
Tinggi tube = 9.010 m = 354.724601 in
IDs = 232.2032557 in
Baffle spacing ( B ) = 0,5 x IDs
= 0,5 x 232.2032557
= 116.1016279 in
tinggi tube 354.724601

Jumlah baffle = =
baffle spacing 116.1016279
= 3.0552939485 ≈ 12
Tebal baffle = 5 / 16 in
Luas dari baffle = 80% x IDs ( Kern, hal.130 )
= π/4 x 0.8 x 232.2032557
= 145.8236446 in2
Volume baffle = Luas baffle x ρ
= 145.82364459 x 0.2857 = 41.6669 in3

Berat baffle ( W4 ) = Volume baffle x ρ
= 41.6669 x 0.2857
C-282
= 11.905693267 lb
§ Tube sheet
Luas baffle = 145.82364459 in2
Tebal baffle = 5 / 16
Luas baffle = 80% x luas tube sheet
Luas baffle 145.8236446

Luas tube sheet = = = 182.2795557 in
80% 80%
Berat tube sheet ( W5 ) = 2 x luas tube sheet x tebal baffle ρx bahan
= 2 x 182.2795557 x 5 / 16 x 0.2857
= 32.5523 lb
Maka berat total = Σ W +katalis
= 11.076638946 + -3943449.136665 + ###
+ 11.9057 + 32.5523 + 119838.97203113
= -2338825.4158 lb
Untuk faktor keamanan ( factor safety ) 10% maka berat total :

Wtotal = 1.1 x -2338825.4158 = -2572707.957 lb
= -1166972.6741 kg
Sebagai penyangga digunakan sistem lug, sehingga :
4 x Pw x (H  L)  W
p = 
n.D bc n
( pers.10-76, Brownell & Young, hal.197 )
Dimana : Pw = total beban permukaan karena angin, lb

C-283
H = tinggi vessel dari pondasi, ft
L = jarak antara level dengan dasar pondasi, ft

Dbc = diameter, ft
N = jumlah support
ΣW = berat total, lb
P = beban kompresi total maksimum untuk tiap lug, lb
Reaktor terletak di dalam ruangan, sehingga tekanan angin tidak dikontrol
ΣW -2338825.4158
P = = = -584706.3539402 lb
n 4
b. Menentukan Kolom Support
Data :
Beban tiap kolom = -584706.3539402
Tinggi bejana total ( H ) = #NUM! m = #NUM! ft
- Menentukan tinggi kolom ( L )
1 
L =  H + 4
2 
C-284
Dimana :
H = tinggi reaktor
L = 0.5 x #NUM! + 4
= #NUM! ft
= #NUM! in
- Trial ukuran I-beam
Untuk pemilihan I-beam ditetapkan 12 in ukuran 12 x 5 1/4 in, berat 50 lb
dengan cara pemasangan I-beam dengan beban eksentrik (terhadap sumbu).
Dari App. G, Brownell & Young, hal. 355 diperoleh :
b = 5.477 in
h = 12 in
Ay = 14.57 in2
r1-1 = 4.55 in
Maka :
L #NUM!
= = #NUM!
r 4.55
untuk L/r £ 120 maka :

C-285
fc aman = 17000 - 0.485 ( L/r )2
= 17000 - 0.485 x #NUM!
= #NUM!
P -584706.3539402
Luas ( A ) yang dibutuhkan = = = #NUM!
fc aman #NUM!
Karena A yang dibutuhkan < A yang tersedia, maka I-beam dengan ukuran
12 in, 12 x 5 1/4 in, berat 50 lb memenuhi.
Kesimpulan I-beam :
Ukuran = 12 in
Berat = 50 lb
Peletakan dengan beban eksentrik
c. Perencanaan Base Plate
Dibuat base plate dengan toleransi panjang 5% dan toleransi lebar 20%.
( Herman C. Hess, hal.163 )
Bahan base plate = concrete ( beton ), maka :

Fbp = 600 lb/in2
( Tabel 7.7, Herman C. Hess, hal.162 )
- Menentukan luas base plate
P
Abp =
f bp ( pers. 10.35, Brownell & Young, hal. 190 )
Dimana :
Abp = luas base plate, in2
C-286
P = beban tiap kolom = -584706.3539 lb

fbp = stress pada pondasi = 600 lb/in2
Sehingga :
-584706.3539
Abp = = -974.51059 in
600
- Menentukan panjang dan lebar base plate

Abp = l x p
p = panjang base plate = 2m + 0,95 h
l = lebar base plate = 2n + 0,80 b
Dengan I-Beam 12 x 5 1/4 diperoleh :
b = 5.477 in
h = 12 in
Dengan mengasumsikan m = n, maka :

Abp = ( 2m + 0,95h ) x ( 2n + 0,80b )
-974.511 = ( 2m + 0,95. 12) x (2m + 0,8. 5,477)
-974.511 = 4m2 + 31.5632 m + 49.95024
= 4m2 + 31.5632 m + 1024.46083
4m2 + 31.5632 m = -1024.46083
ditrial nilai m untuk mendapatkan nilai sesuai dengan persamaan pada ruas kanan
4 x 0.398 2 + 31.5632 x 0.39793 = 13.19336139
m = n 0.3979 maka :
Panjang base plate = 2m + 0,95h
= 2 . 0.3979 + 0.95 . 12
C-287
= 12.1959 in
Lebar base plate = 2n + 0,8b
= 2 . 0.3979 + 0.8 5.477
= 5.17746 in ≈ 6 in
Ukuran base plate yang digunakan adalah12 x 6 in
Luas base plate = 12 x 6 = 73.1752 in2
Beban yang harus ditahan :
P -584706.354
F = = = -7990.5lb/in2 £ 600 psia ( memenuhi )
A 73.1752
Cek harga m dan n :
- Panjang base plate
12 = 2m + 0.95 . 12
m = 0.398
- Lebar base plate
6 = 2n + 0.8 . 5.477
n = 0.8092
- Menentukan tebal base plate
A baru = 73.17517 in2

tbp = ( 1,5 x 10-4 x f x m2 )0,5 ( pers. 7-12, Herman C. Hess, hal. 163 )
= ( 1,5 x 10-4 x 517,7461 x 0,3979 2 )0,5
= #NUM! in
C-288
- Menentukan ukuran baut
Data :
Beban baut = -584706.354 lb
Jumlah baut yang digunakan = 7 buah
-584706.354
Beban tiap baut = = -87310.4917 lb
7
- Menentukan luas baut

Pb
Ab = dimana :
fs
Ab = luas baut
Pb = beban tiap baut
Fs = stress tiap baut maksimal
Maka :
-87310.492
Ab = = -8.73104917 in2
10000
Dari table 10.4, Brownell & Young, hal.188 diperoleh :
- Ukuran nominal baut = 1 3/4 in
- Root area ( A ) = 2 1/4 in2
- Bolting spacing = 3 3/4 in
- Jarak radial minimum ( R ) = 2 1/4 in
- Jarak dari tepi ( E ) = 1 3/4 in
- nut dimention = 2 3/4 in
- Menentukan dimensi lug dan gusset

C-289
Digunakan 2 plate horizontal ( lug ) dan 2 plate vertikal (gusset).
Dari fig. 10.6, Brownell & Young, hal. 191 diperoleh :
A = lebar lug = ukuran baut + 9 in
= 1 3/4 + 9 = 10.75 in
B = jarak antar gusset = ukuran baut + 8 in
= 1 3/4 + 8 = 9.75 in
L = lebar gusset = 2 ( lebar kolom – 0,5 x ukuran baut )
= 2 x ( 5.25 - 0.5 x 1 3/4 )
= 8.75 in
Lebar lug atas = a = 0,5 ( L + ukuran baut )
= 0,5 ( 8,75 + 1 3/4 )
= 5.25 in
B 9.75
Perbandingan tebal base plate = = = 1.1143
L 8.75
Dari tabel 10.6, Brownell & Young, hal. 192 didapat γ=1 0.442
e = 0,5 x nut dimention
= 0.5 x 2 3/4
= 1.38 in
C-290
- Menentukan maksimum bending moment sepanjang sumbu radial
Dari pers. 10-40, Brownell & Young, hal. 192 :
My = P 

4π  πxe

1  μ  x ln 2L  1  γ 1  

Dimana :
P = beban tiap baut = -584706.354 lb

μ = poisson’s ratio = 0.3 (untuk steel)
L = panjang horizontal plate bawah = 8.75 in
e = nut dimention = 1.38 in
jadi :
### 2 8.75
My = x [1 + 0,3 ] x ln + (1 - 0.442 )
4π π 1.38
= -110668.44023 lb. In
My disubtitusikan ke pers. 10.41, Brownell & Young, hal. 193 diperoleh :
6 x My
thp =
f
Dimana :
thp = tebal horizontal plate
6 x -110668.44 1/2
thp =
10000
= #NUM! in
Maka digunakan plate steel dengan tebal 2 1/4

in
C-291
Dari fig. 10.6, Brownell & Young, hal. 191 diperoleh :

- Tebal gusset minimal = 3/8 x thp
= 3/8 x #NUM!
= #NUM! ≈ 1 in
- Tinggi gusset = Hg = A + ukuran baut
= 10.75 + 1 3/4
= 12.50 in
- Tinggi lug= Hg + 2.thp
= 12.50 + 2. #NUM!
= #NUM! in
Kesimpulan dimensi lug dan gusset :
- Lug
Lebar = 10.75 in
tebal = #NUM! in
tinggi = #NUM! in
- Gusset
Lebar = 8.75 in
tebal = 1.00 in
tinggi = 12.5 in
C-292
d. Menentukan Dimensi Pondasi
Beban total yang harus ditahan pondasi :
- Berat beban bejana total
- Berat kolom penyangga
- Berat base plate
Ditentukan :
- Masing – masing kolom penyangga diberi pondasi
- Spesifikasi pondasi didasarkan atas berat beban setiap kolom penyangga di pondasi
- Spesifikasi semua penyangga sama
Data :
- Beban yang ditanggung tiap kolom penyang= -584706.354 lb
- Beban tiap penyangga = berat x tinggi = 50 lb/in x #NUM! in
= #NUM! lb
- Beban tiap plate

Wbp = p x l x t x ρ
Dimana :
Wbp = beban base plate, lb
p = panjang base plate = 12.1959 in = 1.0 ft
l = lebar base plate = 6 in = 0.5 ft
t = tebal base plate = #NUM! in = #NUM! ft

ρ = densitas bahan konstruksi ( HAS ) = 493.75 lb/ft3
Sehingga :
C-293
Wbp = 1 ft x 0.5 ft x #NUM! ft x 493.75 lb/ft3
= #NUM! lb
Berat total = -584706.354 + #NUM! + #NUM!
= #NUM! lb
Gaya yang bekerja di pondasi dianggap sebagai gaya vertikal berat total kolom,
sedangkan bidang kerja dianggap bujur sangkar dengan perencanaan ukuran :
Luas atas = ( 45 x 45) in = 2025 in2
Luas bawah = ( 50 x 50) in = 2500 in2
Tinggi pondasi = 50 in
Maka luas permukaan rata – rata ( A ) :
 45  50   45  50  
A =  x  = 2256.25 in2
 2   2 
Menentukan volume pondasi :
V = Axt
= 2256.25 in2 x 50 in
= 112812.5 in2 = 783.3574665 ft3
Berat pondasi ( W ) = V x ρ
Dimana densitas wet gravel = 126 lb/ft3 ( Tabel 3-118, Perry’s ed.6 )
W = 783.35746653 ft3 x 126 lb/ft3
= 98703.0407829375 lb
= 44770.9491560305 kg
Asumsi :
Tanah atas pondasi berupa cemented sand and gravel dengan minimum safe
C-294
bearing power 5 ton/ft3, maksimum safe bearing power = 10 ton/ft3.
( Tabel 12.2, Herman.C.Hess, Hal.327 )

Berat total pondasi ( Wtotal ) :
Wtotal = #NUM! + 44770.949156031
= #NUM! lb
Kemampuan tanah menahan tekanan sebesar
2240 lb 1 ft
P = 5 ton/ft2 x x
1ton 144 in 2
= 77.777777778 lb/in2 ( memenuhi )
45
45
50
50
Kesimpulan pondasi :
- Luas = 45 x 45 = 2025 in2
- Luas bawah = 50 x 50 = 2500 in3
- Tinggi = 50 in
- Bahan Kontruksi = cemented sand and gravel

C-295
Detail Gambar Reaktor fixed bed multitube
>>> PENAMPANG ATAS REAKTOR
Ø=16 in
C-296
Ø=16 in
ØR= 66 in
>>> SUSUNAN TUBE DI DALAM REAKTOR
>>> GAMBAR REAKTOR FIXED BED MULTITUBE

C-297
RESUME
Nama alat : Reaktor
Kode : R-210
Fungsi : Tempat berlangsungnya reaksi etanol menjadi etilen
C-298
Jumlah : 1 buah
Bahan konstruksi
- Tube : baja komersial ASA Standar B.36.10
- Shell : high alloy steel SA-240 Grade M
Jumlah tube : 3897 buah
Kondisi operasi : non isotermal - non adiabatik
Temperatur : 400 oC
Tekanan : 1 atm
Fase reaksi : reaktan gas dengan katalis padat
Katalis : Asam Zeolit
Pemanas : Steam
Tinggi shell : 9.01 m = 29.5604 ft
Tinggi reaktor : #NUM! m = #NUM! ft
Volume reaktor : 8689.0309588 ft3
Tinggi head : #NUM! in
Dimensi tube : Dimensi shell :
- D nominal : 2 - ID : 232.2032557 in
- OD : 2.375 - B : 116.1016279 in
- ID : 2.067 - pass : 1
- Sch : 40
- pass : 1
C.9 COOLER (E-211)
Water out Etanol in

C-299
Water out Etanol in
Water in Etanol out
Kode alat : E-211
Fungsi : Mendinginkan produk dari su 423.00 oC ke 50.00 o

C
Tipe : Shell and Tube
Jumlah : 1 buah
Tujuan : 1. Menentukan tipe cooler
2. Menentukan bahan konstruksi cooler
3. Menentukan spesifikasi cooler
4. Menghitung koefisien perpindahan panas
5. Menghitung pressure drop
Langkah Perencanaan
a. Menentukan Tipe Heat Exchanger
Dari data neraca massa dan neraca panas dapat diketahui :
Fluida panas (Produk Reaktor)
Laju alir = 65431.5044482187 kg/jam
= 144251.603336632 lb/jam
Data dari neraca massa komponen :

C-300
Aliran Masuk Cooler
Massa n
Komponen Fraksi Berat Fraksi mol
kg/jam kmol
C₂H4 37886.88298 0.5790 ### 0.4721
C₂H5OH 565.03028 0.0086 12.2649 0.0043
H₂O 26979.59118 0.4123 ### 0.5236
TOTAL 65431.50445 2862.3815 ### 0.0000
Data dari neraca panas :
T₁ = 423.00 °C = 793.4 °F
T₂ = 50.00 °C = 122 °F
t₁ = 30.00 °C = 86 °F
t₂ = 45.00 °C = 113 °F
Heat and Material Balance
Dari neraca panas diperoleh :
H in = 54200464.9836043 kJ/jam = 51372413.614146 Btu/jam
H out = 2798612.41752346 kJ/jam = 2652587.4769191 Btu/jam
Q supply air = 51401852.57 kJ/jam
= 48719826.14 Btu/jam
dengan Cp air = 4.186 kJ/kg.°C
Maka massa air yang dibutuhkan seban = 818631.1923 kg/jam
= 1804770.699 lb/jam
C-301

Rd min organic vapor = 0.00113558 hr ft² ⁰F/Btu ( Tabel 12. 2 Coulson)
Rd min water = 0.001892633 hr ft² ⁰F/Btu ( Tabel 12. 2 Coulson)
Rd min total = Rdi + Rdo (Pers. 6. 9 Kern)
= 0.003028213 hr ft² ⁰F/Btu

∆P aliran orgnaic vapor = 2 Psia
∆P aliran water = 10 Psia
* Penentuan LMTD
∆t₂ - ∆t₁
LMTD = ∆t₂
ln
∆t₁
LMTD
Hot Fluid Cold Fluid Difference
793.4 Higher T 113 680.4
122 Lower T 86 36
671.4 Difference 27
∆T LMTD 219.2461719 °F
Asumsi cooler beroperasi secara isotermal, FT = 1, dan menggunakan HE 1-2
sehingga :
∆T = LMTD
= 219.2461719 °F
C-302
793.4 + 122
Tc = Tav = = 457.7 °F
2
113 + 86
tc = tav = = 99.5 °F
2
Menentukan Overall Heat Transfer
Dari tabel 8 Kern untuk sistem gases-water pada cooler

UD = 2 - 50 Btu/hr ft² °F , dengan asumsi
UD = 26 Btu/hr ft² °F
Q
A =
(UD . ∆T)
48719826.1372265
=
26 . 219.246
= 8546.737 ft²
= > 120 ft²
Karena luas permukaan yang dibutuhkan perpindahan panas > 120 ft², maka
digunakan heat exchanger jenis shell and tube exchanger.
b. Menentukan Bahan Konstruksi Cooler
Dalam perancangan bahan konstruksi cooler digunakan Carbon Steel SA-283
Grade C , dengan pertimbangan :

C-303
- Mempunyai struktur yang kuat
- Harga relatif murah
- Tahan korosi
c. Menentukan Spesifikasi Shell and Tube
Dari tabel 10 Kern, dipilih tube dengan spesi-----> triangular
OD = 3/4 in
BWG = 18
ID = 0.652 in
a't = 0.334 in²
Surface = 0.1963 ft²
Panjang = 12 ft
Pass = 2
Nt = 138
A 8546.7374440262
Nt actual = = = 3628.263
Surface . Panjang 0.1963 . 12
Dari tabel 9 Kern, dipilih spesifikasi :
Pitch = 1 in (triangular pitch)
IDs = 15 1/4 in
Pass = 1
C' = 0.2500
B = 15.0975
C-304
* Koreksi hargaUD
Nt
UD = x UD trial
Nt standar
3628.263476
= x 26 = 683.5858723 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
138
= 683.58587229 Btu/hr ft² ⁰F < 26
underdesign sebesar -2529.18% (Memenuhi)
* Laju alir produk reaktor (vapor)
Laju alir aliran panas (produk reaktor, vapor)
= 65431.5044482187 kg/jam
= 144251.603336632 lb/jam
Laju alir fluida dingin (air)
= 818631.192324906 kg/jam
= 1804770.69922333 lb/jam
Menghitung Uc dan Rd
Shell (Hot Fluid = Produk) Tube (Cold Fluid = Air)
* Flow Area * Flow Area
as = IDs × C’B/144 PT a't = 0.334 in²
= 0.399716797 ft2 Nt . a't

at =
144 . n
138 . 0.334
=
144 . 2
C-305
= 0.160041667 ft²
* Mass Velocity * Mass Velocity
W W
Gs = Gt =
As At
144251.6033 1804770.699
= =
0.399716797 0.160041667
= 360884.5174 lb/jam ft² = 11276880.18 lb/jam ft²
* Menentukan bilangan Reynold * Menentukan bilangan Reynold
Pada Tc = 457.7 ⁰F Pada tc = 99.5 ⁰F
µ = 0.040116704 lb/ft jam µ = 1.694 lb/ft jam
De = 0.0608333333 ft (fig.28 Kern) De = 0.054333333 ft
k = 0.0140851786 Btu/ft jam k = 0.36225 Btu/ft jam
c = 0.5074283197 Btu/lb ft c = 1.01 Btu/lb ft
De.Gs V = Gt/(3600 ρ)
Re =
µ = 50.1195 fps
0.060833333 . 360884.5174 D = 5E-02 ft

=
0.040116703986924 De.Gt
Re =
= 547248.551350261 µ
0.054 . 11276880.18
=
1.694
= 361694.5040857
* Faktor Panas (JH)
C-306
JH = 110 (fig. 28 Kern)
* Menghitung Koefisien Film PP * Menghitung Koefisien Film PP
k cµ hi = 900 Btu/jam ft² ⁰F

ho = jH ( )0,3Ø
De k (fig.25 Kern)
0.3
0.014 0.507 0.04012 hio = ID / OD x hi
= 110
0.061 0.0140851786 = 782.4 Btu/jam ft² ⁰F
= 28.7955884843717 Btu/jam ft² ⁰F (hal 164 Kern)
* Clean Overall Coefficient (Uc)
(hio . ho) 782.4 . 28.79558848

Uc = =
(hio + ho) 782.4 + 28.79558848 (Pers. 6. 38 Kern)
= 27.77341 Btu/hr ft² ⁰F

Uc . UD
Rd =
Uc - UD
27.77341 Btu/hr ft² ⁰F - 683.58587 Btu/hr ft² ⁰F

=
27.77341 Btu/hr ft² ⁰F . 683.58587 Btu/hr ft² ⁰F
= -0.03454 hr ft² ⁰F/Btu > ( Rd ketetapan = 0.003028 )
sebesar = -1240.70% (Memenuhi)
Pressure drop
Shell (Hot Fluid = Produk) Tube (Cold Fluid = Air)
* Menghitung Nre dan Friksi * Menghitung Nre pipa
Re = 547248.5514 Re = 361694.5041
C-307
f = 0.0028 ft²/in² (fig. 29 Kern) f = 0.00024 ft²/in² fig.26 Kern
s = 0.81 (Tabel.6 Kern) s = 1 (Tabel.6)
* Menghitung ∆Ps karena panjang shell * Menghitung ∆P karena panjang pipa
f Gs² L n f Gt² L n
ΔPs = ΔPp =
5.22 1010 D s ϕ 5,22 1010 D s ϕ
0.003 1.302E+11 12 2 0.00024 1.27E+14 12 2

= =
5.22 . 1010 0.06083 0.8 5.22 . 1010 0.05 1
= 3.40258 psi = 258.2638155 psi
(< 2 psi, memenuhi)
v² 2511.96102
= = 78.08056
g 32.1714
* Menghitung ∆P karena tube passes
4 n v²
ΔPn =
s 2g
4 . 2
= . ###
1 . 2
= 312.3222515 psi
* Menghitung ∆P total pada bagian tube
ΔPt = ΔPp + ΔPn
= 258.2638 + 312.3223
= 570.5861 psi
C-308
(< 10 psi, memenuhi)
RESUME
Nama alat : Cooler
Kode alat : E-211
Fungsi : Mendinginkan produk yang keluar dari reaktor
dari suhu 399,96⁰C sampai suhu 100⁰C
Jumlah : 1 buah
Jenis : Shell and Tube Exchanger
Bahan Konstruksi : Carbon steel SA-283 Grade C
Media pendingin : Air
Tube side Shell side
OD : 3/4 in Pitch : 1 in, triangular pitch
BWG : 18 Baffle space : 15.0975
ID : 0.652 in ID : 15 1/4 in
Panjang : 12 ft
Jumlah : 138
C-309
Pass : 2
C.10 CONDENSOR (E-212)

Water out Feed
Water in Feed
Fungsi : Mengembunkan sebagian gas keluaran cooler
Tujuan : 1. Menentukan tipe Condensor
a. Menentukan tipe kondensor

C-310
Tipe kondensor yang dipilih adalah horizontal Shell and tube condensor
1. Luas perpindahan panas diperkirakan lebih dari dari 120 ft2
b. Memilih bahan konstruksi
Dalam perancangan, bahan konstruksi yang digunakan untuk tube adalah
carbon steel, dengan pertimbangan:
1. Pendingin yang digunakan adalah air
2. Carbon steel tidak terkorosi oleh hasil produk reaktor
Sedangkan bahan yang digunakan untuk shell adalah carbon steel,
1. Produk yang masuk ke shell tidak terlalu bersifat korosif.
2. Harganya murah.
c. Menentukan aliran fluida dalam alat penukar panas
Dipilih aliran produk keluaran cooler berada di shell agar
air mendinginkan dari dalam tube
d. Menentukan spesifikasi alat

Temperatur fluida panas masuk(T1) = 50.00 o
C = 122.00 oF
Temperatur fluida panas keluar (T2) = -7.00 o
C = 19.40 o
F
Temperatur fluida dingin masuk (t1) = -10.00 o
C = 14.00 o
F
Temperatur fluida dingin keluar (t2) = 45.00 o
C = 113.00 oF
DP yang diijinkan = 2 psi di shell, 10 psi di tube

Rate massa fluida panas in (W1) = 32016.0905 kg/jam = ### lb/jam
C-311
Q pendingin = 6899006.074 kJ/jam = ### btu/jam

Rate massa pendingin masuk (w1) = 29965.7129 kg/jam = 66062.4 lb/jam
Direncanakan dipakai Heat Exchanger dengan ukuran :
Dari Tabel.10 Kern dipilih tube dengan ukuran :
OD, BWG = 3/4 in , 16 BWG
ID = 0.620 in
Panjang tube (L) = 12 ft
Dari tabel.10 Kern : at' = 0.302 in2
a" = 0.1963 ft2 /ft
Passes = 2
1) Neraca Massa dan Energi :

W pendingin = 32016.0905 kg/jam = 70582.6731 lb/jam
Cp pendingin = 4.1860 kJ/kg.oC = 17.5259 btu/lb.oF
Q pendingin = 70582.6731 x 17.5259 x ( 122 - 19.4 )
= 126919076.22 btu/jam
2) DT :
Untuk aliran counter-current ;
Panas Dingin Beda
122.00 suhu tinggi 113 9 Dt2
19.4 suhu rendah 14 5.4 Dt1
T1-T2 t2 - t1 3.6 Dt2 - Dt1
Dt2 - Dt1 3.6

LMTD = = = 7.047 o
F
ln (Dt2/Dt1) 0.5108
C-312
Asumsi condensor beroperasi secara isotermal, FT = 1, dan menggunakan HE 1-2
sehingga : DT = LMTD = 7.047 o

F
3) Temperatur kalorik
Temperatur kalorik menggunakan T rata-rata
Tc = 16.7 o
F
tc = 56.5 o
F
Trial UD
Dari Kern, Tabel 8, diketahui overall design coefficient (UD) untuk sistem HE
Gases-water = 2 - 50 btu/j.ft2.oF
Diambil harga UD = 44 btu/j.ft2.oF
Check UD
Q 126919076.217
A = =
UD x Dt 44 x 7.05
A = 409302.50 ft2 > 120 ft2 ------>> Tipe HE Shell and Tube
A
Nt =
a" x L
409302.50
= = 173757.22
0.1963 x 12
Digunakan 2 lewatan pada tube (n = 2).
Standarisasi harga Nt (Kern, tabel 9) :
Untuk OD = 3/4 in, 16 BWG,

C-313
Pitch = 1 in, triangular pitch
IDs = 31
Nt standard = 728 buah
A = Nt x a" x L
= 728 x 0.1963 x 12
= 1714.9 ft2
Q 126919076.217
UD koreksi = =
A x Dt 1714.88 x 7.047
= 10501.8099 btu/j.ft2.oF < 44
underdesign sebesa ### (Memenuhi)
Jadi, digunakan spesifikasi condensor :
Tipe HE 1-2
Bagian Shell : IDs = 31 in
n' = 1 buah
B = 0.9 x IDs = 27.9 in
Bagian Tube : 3/4 OD, 16 BWG
Nt = 728 buah ID = 0.62 in
Pt = 1 in L = 12 ft
a" = 0.1963 ft2 /ft n = 2 buah
at' = 0.302 in2 C' = 0.25 in
Evaluasi perpindahan panas

C-314
Fluida panas ; shell side, produk Fluida dingin ; tube side, water
1') IDs x C'B 216.225 1) a't = 0.302 in2 (Kern Tabel 10)
as = =
144.PT.n' 144 Nt x a't 219.856
at = =
= 1.5016 ft2 144 n 288
at = 0.7634 ft2
2') W 70582.67 lb/h 2) w 66062.41 lb/jam

Gs = = Gt = =
as 1.5016 ft2 at 0.7634 ft2
Gs = 47006.15069 lb/(jam)(ft2) Gt = 86538.3444 lb/(jam)(ft2)
3') Pada Tc = 16.7 o

F 3) Pada tc = 56.5 o
F
m = ### cp Kern Gb.15 m = 1.30 cp (Kern Gb.14)
m = ### lb/ (ft)(jam) m = 3.15 lb/ (ft)(jam)

De = 0.73 in Kern Gb.28 D= 0.62 in (Kern Tabel 10)
De = 0.061 ft D = 0.052 ft
D e x Gs 2859.541 Ret = D x Gt = 4471.1478
Res = =
m #NAME? m 3.15
Res = #NAME? Ret = 1421.2167
4') jH = 68 (Kern Gb. 28)
5') Pada Tc = 16.7 o

F
k = 0.0149 btu / jam ft oF
(cm/k)1/3 = #NAME?
6') ho = jH. k/De (cm/k)1/3 Fs 6) Gt

v = = 0.385 ft/s
= ### btu/j.ft2. oF 3600 x r
hi = 1500 btu/j.ft2. oF
C-315
hi = 1500 x 1 = 1500
hio = hi ID = 1500 0.620
OD 0.75
= 1240 btu/j.ft2. oF
7) Koefisien clean overall (UC) :
hio x ho #NAME?
UC = = = #NAME? Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
hio + ho #NAME?
8) Dirt factor, Rd :
UC - U D #NAME?
Rd = = = #NAME? (jam)(ft2)(oF)/Btu
UC x U D #NAME?
Rd yang diizinkan :Rd min organic vapor = 0.00114
(Coulson Tabel 12.2) Rd min water = 0.00189
Rd min total = 0.00303
Rd hitung > Rd ketetapan minimal sebesar ( ### )'------> Memenuhi
Pressure Drop
Fluida panas ; shell side, produk Fluida dingin ; tube side, aseton
1') Untuk Res = #NAME? 1) Untuk Ret = 1421.22
f= 0.00190 ft2/in2 f = 0.00090 ft2/in2 Kern Gb.26
(Kern Gb. 29) s= 1
12 L 2) Menghitung Dp karena panjang pipa

2') Banyaknya crosses, N+1=
B DPt = f x Gt2x L x n
144 5,22 x 1010 x D x s x ft

Banyaknya crosses, N+1=
28 DPt = 1.6176E+08
C-316
Banyaknya crosses, N+1= 5 2.6970E+09
31 = 0.060 psi
Ds = = 2.583 ft
12
3') f x Gs2x Ds x (N+1) 3) Menghitung Dp karena tube passes

DPs =
5.22 x 1010 x De x s x fs Untuk Gt 86538.34 lb/(h)(ft2)
= 55975981.13 V2 Kern Gb.27

= 0.001
317550000 2g'
= 0.1762745 psi 4n V2
DPr = x
DPs yang diijinkan = 2 psi s 2g'
(memenuhi syarat) = 0.008 psi
DPT = DPt + DPr
DPT = 0.068 psi
DPs yang diijinkan = 10 psi
(memenuhi syarat)
Shell Tube
#NAME? h outside 1240
Uc = #NAME?
Ud = 10501.8099
Rd perhitungan = #NAME?
0.17627 DP perhitungan 0.0680
2 DP diijinkan 10
RESUME
C-317
Nama alat : Condensor
Kode : E-212
Fungsi : Mengembunkan sebagian produk keluaran cooler dari suhu
50.00 C menjadi
o
-7.00 o
C
Jumlah : 1 buah
Jenis : shell and tube exchanger tipe 1-2
Bahan konstruksi : Carbon steel SA-283 Grade C
Media pendingin : Water, 30 oC
Tube Side Shell Side
BWG : 16 Pass : 1
ID : 0.620 in Baffle space : 28 in
Pass : 2
Panjang : 12 ft
Jumlah : 728
C.11 COMPRESSOR (G-213)
1 atm
G-213
0,9161 atm
C-318
Kode alat : G-213
Fungsi : Menaikkan tekanan gas-cair keluar condensor dari 0,9161 atm
menjadi 1 atm
Jumlah : 1 buah
Tujuan :
1. Menentukan tipe kompresor
2. Menentukan bahan konstruksi kompresor
3. Menghitung tenaga aktual kompresor
Langkah Perancangan :
1. Menentukan Tipe Kompresor
Dipilih kompresor jenis sentrifugal dengan pertimbangan :
- Mempunyai volume mesin yang besar
- Biaya perawatan lebih rendah dibanding tipe lainnya
- Dapat digunakan untuk gas yang mengandung cairan atau padatan
- Efisiensi tinggi
- Konstruksi sederhana
2. Menentukan Bahan Konstruksi Kompresor
Bahan konstruksi yang dipilih Stainless Steel type 302 adalah karena :
- Mempunyai batas temperatur maksimum 480°C sehingga bisa digunakan fluida
dengan temperatur 32°C – 278,5°C. (Perry, 7 th ed : 1526)
3. Menghitung Kebutuhan Tenaga Kompresor

C-319
a. Menghitung eksponen temperatur politropik (n)
Dengan metode Pitzer : Data diketahui :

T Etilen , Tc = 282.36 K
Tr 
Tc
P Pc = 50.40 bar
Pr 
Pc
0,422 Etanol , Tc = 516.25 K
B 0  0,083 
Tr 1.6
Pc = 61.48 bar
0,172
B1  0,139 
Tr 4,2 Air , Tc = 647.13 K
BPc
 B 0  ωB1
RTc Pc = 220.55 bar
z.n.R.T
V (Tabel B.1 Smith Van Ness)
P
P1 = 0.9161 atm = 0.928 bar T1 = 350.56 K
P2 = 1 atm = 1.013 bar T2 = 354.524054 K
Rc = P2 / P1 = 1.09158 , karena Rc < 4, maka compressor adalah single stage
Menghitung kecepatan volumetrik gas masuk
Komponen M (kmol ) yi Tr Pr Bo B1
Etilen 1350.50 0.472 1.24153 0.018 -0.21552 0.069672
Etanol 12.26 0.004 0.67905 0.0151 -0.70092 -0.73507
Air 1497.62 0.524 0.54171 0.00421 -1.04233 -2.11886
Total 2860.38 1.000 -1.95878 -2.78426
Komponen BPc/RTc Z V x 1000 ω
Etilen -0.2095 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.0870
Etanol -1.1750 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.6450
Air -1.7733 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.3450
Total -3.1578 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 1.0770

C-320
V total = #DIV/0! cm3/jam = #DIV/0! m3/s
, dari fig. 3.6 Coulson hal. 75 didapat efisiensi politropik Ep = 68 %
Menghitung Cp campuran pada suhu 350.56 K
Komponen y Cp y.Cp
Etilen 0.4721 0.0504 0.0238
Etanol 0.0043 0.0891 0.0004
Air 0.5236 0.0759 0.0397
Total 1.0000 0.0639
Cp = 63.9170 J/kmol K
Cv = Cp – R = 63.9170 - 8.314 = 55.6030 J/kmol K
Cp 63.9170
γ = = = 1.15
Cv 55.6030
γ - 1 1.1495 - 1.0000
m = = = 0.19
γ . Ep 1.1495 . 0.6800
1 1
n = = = 1.23653
(1 - m) 1 - 0.19
(Pers 3.36 a dan 3.38 a; Coulson)
b. Menghitung Z1
Komponen yi Tc Pc yi.Tci yi.Pci ω yi.ω
Etilen 0.472 282.4 50.40 133.313 23.7958 0.087 0.041076
Etanol 0.004 516.3 61.48 2.2136 0.26362 0.645 0.002766

C-321
Air 0.524 647.1 220.6 338.82 115.474 0.345 0.180633
Total 1.000 474.347 139.533 0.224474
Pi 0.928
Pr = = = 0.00665
∑ (yi . Pci) 139.533
Ti 350.559
Tr = = = 0.73903
∑ (Yi . Tc ) 474.347
0.422 0.422
B° = 0.083 - = 0.083 - = -0.60162
Tr 1,6 0.73903 1.6
0.172 0.172
B 1
= 0.139 - = 0.139 - = -0.47354
Tr 4,2 0.73903 4.2
B.Pc
= B0 + ω.B1 = -0.60162 + -0.47354 x 0.22447
R.Tc
= -0.708
B Pc Pr 0.00665
Z1 = 1 + = 1 + -0.708 x
R Tc Tr 0.73903
= 0.99363
c. Menghitung Z2
Pi 1.013
Pr = = = 0.00726
∑ (yi . Pci) 139.533
C-322
Ti 354.524
Tr = = = 0.74739
∑ (Yi . Tc ) 474.347
0.422 0.422
B° = 0.083 - = 0.083 - = -0.58941
Tr 1,6 0.74739 1.6
0.172 0.172
B1 = 0.139 - = 0.139 - = -0.44528
Tr 4,2 0.74739 4.2
B.Pc
= B0 + ω.B1 = -0.58941 + -0.44528 x 0.224
R.Tc
= -0.689
B Pc Pr 0.00726
Z2 = 1 + = 1 + -0.689 x
R Tc Tr 0.74739
= 0.993
Z1+Z2 0.993628 + 0.993

Z avg = = = 0.99346
2 2
d. Menghitung kerja politropik (W politropik)
 n 1

z.R.T1  P2  n
Wpolitropik  .    1
M  P1  
 
(Pers 3.31; Coulson)
dalam hubungan ini :
W = Kerja politropik (kJ/kmol)

C-323
z = Faktor kompresibilitas gas
R = Konstanta gas ideal (8,314 kJ/kmol°K)

T1 = Suhu masuk (°K)
P1 = Tekanan masuk (atm)
P2 = Tekanan keluar (atm)
n = Eksponen temperatur politropik
M = Berat molekul gas
1.2365 -1
0.99346 x 8.314 x 350.559 1 1.2365

Wpolitropik = x -1
26.024 0.9
= 111.263 x 0.0169
= 1.88075 kJ/kmol
e. Kerja aktual kompresor
W aktual = W politropik / Ep
1.880746
= = 2.7658 kJ/kmol
0.68
f. Tenaga aktual kompresor
Tenaga aktual = 2.765803 kJ/kmol = 2.39783 kJ/detik
= 2.39783 kW
Tenaga aktual = 2.397829 kW x 1.34103 HP/kW
= 3.21556 HP , diambil tenaga sebesar 4 HP
RESUME
C-324
Nama alat : Compressor
Kode alat : G-213
Fungsi : Menaikkan tekanan feed keluar condensor dari 0,9161 atm
menjadi 1 atm
Jumlah : 1 buah
Jenis : Centrifugal compressor
Bahan Konstruksi : Stainless Steel type 302
Efisiensi : 68 %
Suhu masuk : 350.6 K
Suhu keluar : 354.5241 K
Tekanan masuk : 0.9161 atm
Tekanan keluar : 1 atm
Power kompresor : 4 HP
C-325
C.12 MENARA DISTILASI (D-310)
kondensor
XLo XD
xf
reboiler
XW
Fungsi : Memisahkan Etilen dari impurities yang mempunyai titik didih dibawah
titik didih air dan etanol
Tujuan : a. Menentukan tipe kolom
b. Menentuan bahan konstruksi kolom distilasi
c. Menentukan jumlah plate
d. Menentukan lokasi umpan
e. Menentukan dimensi kolom
a. Menentukan tipe kolom
Dalam perancangan ini dipilih jenis tray dengan pertimbangan sebagai berikut :
Perkiraan awal tower diameter < 8 m (Tabel 6.1 Treybal)
Campuran tidak bersifat korosif

C-326
Tekanan operasi yang cukup rendah
Jenis tray yang digunakan adalah sieve tray dengan pertimbangan :
Lebih ringan, murah, dan mudah diperoleh
Pressure drop rendah dan efisiensi tinggi
Kapasitas uap dan cairannya besar
Biaya perawatannya murah karena mudah dibersihkan dan konstruksi sederhana
b. Menentukan Bahan Konstruksi Kolom Distilasi
Dipilih bahan konstruksi jenis Carbon Steel SA 283 Grade A dengan pertimbangan:
Mempunyai Allowable Working Stress yang besar
Struktur kuat dan bahan yang masuk tidak korosif
Harga relatif murah
c. Menghitung Jumlah Plate Minimal
Dari perhitungan neraca massa dan neraca panas diperoleh :
Lo = ### kmol/h
Vo = -97975.9666 kmol/h
D= 0.0000 kmol/h
B= #NAME? kmol/jam
R= -35.2528
R min = -5.8755
Perhitungan Nm Himmeblau page 403, eq.11.25 for the stripping section :

xLD xHW
log x
C-327
log x
xHD xLW
Nm =
log a avg
0.0000 #NAME?
log x
0.00E+00 #NAME?
Nm =
log 20474088
log #DIV/0!
Nm =
log 2E+07
Nm = #DIV/0!
d. Menentukan jumlah plate teoritis
Jumlah plate teoritis dihitung dengan rumus :
N - Nm 1 + 54,4 Ф Ф - 1
= 1 - exp x
N + 1 11 + 117 Ф Ф 1/2
Dalam hal ini :
Ф = R - Rmin
R + 1
Ф = -35.2528 - -5.8755
-35.2528 + 1
Ф = 0.8577
Maka :
N - #DIV/0! 1 + 54.4 0.8577 0.8577 - 1

= 1 - exp x
N + 1 11 + 117 0.8577 0.8577 1/2
N - ###
= 1 - exp -0.0658
C-328
= 1 - exp -0.0658
N + 1
N - ###
= 1 - 0.9363
N + 1
N - ###
= 0.0637
N + 1
N - ### = 0.0637 N + 0.0637
N = #DIV/0!
Jumlah plate teoritis dihitung :

dengan Eo = 60-70%
N
Nact =
Eo
Diambil nilai Eo sebesar = 70% maka :
#DIV/0!
Nact = = #DIV/0! ≈ ### termasuk reboiler
70%
e. Menentukan lokasi umpan
Dari Coulson page 422 Eq.11.62

, feed location =
Nr B xf,HK xb,LK 2
log = 0.206 log
Ns D xf,LK xd,HK
Nr ### 0.00864 ### 2

log = 0.206 log
Ns 0.0000 0.57903 0
= 0.206 log ###
= ###
C-329
Nr
= ###
Ns
Nr = ### Ns
Nr + Ns = Nact
### Ns + Ns = ###
Ns = ### ≈ ### umpan masuk pada plate 34 dari atas
f. Menentukan Dimensi Menara
1. Menentukan diameter menara
◊ Diameter puncak
Dari neraca panas diperoleh data :
Tekanan (P) = 0 atm
Temperatur (T) = 0.00 K
Laju aliran cairan (Lo) = ### kmol/h
Laju aliran uap (Vo) = -97975.9666 kmol/h
Diameter menara (Dm) = 4 At 0.5
dimana : Dm : Diameter menara (m)
At : luas penampang menara (m²)
Langkah-langkah perhitungan :
a. Menghitung BM, density cairan, density uap, dan µ campuran
*) Menghitung densitas cairan
Komponen xi ρ ρ*xi
C-330
Etilen 0.0000 161.0696 0.0000
Etanol 0.00E+00 642.0683 0
Air 0.000000 989.6755 0.0000
Total 0 0.000 kg/m3

ρL = 0.000 lb/ft3
*) Menghitung densitas uap
Dari Smith Van Ness 7.ed page 102-103 :
T
Tr =
Tc
P
Pr =
Pc
0.042
B⁰ = 0.083 - 1.6
Tr
0.172
B' = 0.139 - 4.2
Tr
B^ = B⁰ + ω B'
Pr
Z = 1 + B^
Tr
Komp. xi Tc (K) Pc(bar) ω Tr (K) Pr (bar) B⁰
Etilen 0.5790 282.36 50.40 0.0870 0.0000 0.0000 #DIV/0!
Etanol 8.64E-03 516.25 61.48 0.6450 0.0000 0.0000 #DIV/0!
Air 0.412333 647.13 220.55 0.3450 0.0000 0.0000 #DIV/0!
Total 1.0000
C-331
Komp. B' B^ Z BM.xi
Etilen #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 16.2441
Etanol #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.3978
Air #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 7.4282
Total #DIV/0! 24.0702
ρV = BMmix x P R= 82.06 kmol.atm/lt.K
Z.R.T
ρV = 24.0702 x 0
= #DIV/0! kg/liter
#DIV/0! x 82.06 x 0.00
= #DIV/0! kg/m3
b. Menghitung percepatan volumetrik Cairan dan uap (QL dan QV)
Lo
QL =
ρL
### kmol/jam x 24.070 kg/kmol

QL = = #DIV/0! m³/s
0.00 kg/m³ x 3600 jam/detik
Vo
QV =
ρV
### kmol/jam x 24.070 kg/kmol

QV = = #DIV/0! m³/s
#DIV/0! kg/m³ x 3600 detik/jam
c. Menghitung konstanta flooding (Cf)

C-332
1 + δ 0.2 (Pers. 6.30 Treyball)

Cf = α log β x
FlV 0.02
dimana:
Cf = flooding constant of trays
α = empirical constant (Tabel 6.2 Treyball )
β = empirical constant for flooding velocity
δ = surface tension
FlV = liquid - vapour flow factor
Dari Tabel 6.2 Treyball, harga FlV = 0,01 - 0,1 maka
digunakan harga untuk :

FlV = 0.1
α = 0.0744 t + 0.01173
β = 0.0304 t + 0.015
Dipilih tray spacing, t = 20 in = 0.508 m
(Tabel 6.1 Treyball) sehingga diperoleh hasil :
α = 0.0495
β = 0.0304
Surface tension, δ = 0.0121 N/m, maka :
L ρV 0.5
FlV =
V ρL
-100836.3480 #DIV/0! 0.5

FlV = = #DIV/0!
-97975.9666 0.000
1 δ 0.2
Cf = α log + β x
C-333
Cf = α log + β x
FlV 0.02
1 0.0121 0.2
Cf = 0.04953 log + 0.03044 x
#DIV/0! 0.02
Cf = #DIV/0!
d. Menentukan kecepatan velocity flooding (Vf)

ρL - ρV 0.5 (Pers. 6.29 Treyball)
Vf = Cf
ρV
0.00 - #DIV/0! 0.5

Vf = #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Vf = #DIV/0! m/detik
supaya tidak terjadi flooding diambil surface velocity = 80%
Vf = #DIV/0! m/detik
e. Menghitung diameter puncak menara
*) Luas Penampang Tray (An)

QV #DIV/0!
An = = = #DIV/0! m²
Vf #DIV/0!
Dirancang panjang weir = W = 0.80 T
Dari Tabel 6.1 Treyball, luas tower dengan downspout14.145%

=
*) Luas Penampang Menara (At)
An
At =
C-334
At =
1 - downspout
#DIV/0!
= = #DIV/0! m²
1 - 0.1415
*) Diameter Puncak Menara
4 At 0.5
Dm =
Π
4 x #DIV/0! 0.5
Dm = = #DIV/0! m = #DIV/0! ft
3.14
◊ Diameter Dasar
Dari neraca panas diperoleh data :
Tekanan (P) = ### atm
Temperatur (T) = ### K
Laju aliran cairan (Lm) = #NAME? kmol/h
Laju aliran uap (V') = #NAME? kmol/h
4 At 0.5
Diameter menara (Dm) =
Π
dimana : Dm : Diameter menara (m)
At : luas penampang menara (m²)
Langkah-langkah perhitungan :
a. Menghitung BM, density cairan, density uap, dan µ campuran
*) Menghitung densitas cairan
C-335
Etilen #NAME? 161.0696 ###
Etanol #NAME? 642.0683 ###
Air #NAME? 989.6755 ###
Total #NAME? ### kg/m3

ρL = #NAME? lb/ft3
*) Menghitung densitas uap
Dari Smith Van Ness 7.ed page 102-103 :
T P
Tr = , Pr =
Tc Pc
0.042
B⁰ = 0.083 - 1.6
Tr
0.172
B' = 0.139 - 4.2
Tr
B^ = B⁰ + ω B'
Pr
Z = 1 + B^
Tr
Komp. xi Tc (K) Pc(bar) ω Tr (K) Pr (bar) B⁰
Etilen #NAME? 282.36 50.40 0.0870 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Etanol #NAME? 516.25 61.48 0.6450 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Air #NAME? 647.13 220.55 0.3450 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Total #NAME?
C-336
Komp. B' B^ Z BM.xi
Etilen #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###
Etanol #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###
Air #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###
Total #NAME? ###
BMmix x P R= 82.06 kmol.atm/lt.K

ρV =
Z.R.T
#NAME? x #NAME?
ρV = = ### kg/liter
### x 82.06 x ###
= ### kg/m3
b. Menghitung percepatan volumetrik Cairan dan uap (QL dan QV)
Lm
QL =
ρL
### kmol/jam x ### kg/kmol

QL = = #NAME? m³/detik
### kg/m³ x 3600 jam/detik
dari fig. 11.28 Coulson tipe plate yang digunakan cross flow
Vo
QV =
ρV
### kmol/jam x ### kg/kmol

QV = = ### m³/detik
### kg/m³ x 3600 jam/detik
c. Menghitung konstanta flooding (FlV)

C-337
1 δ 0.2 (Pers. 6.30 Treyball)

Cf = α log + β x
FlV 0.02
Dari Tabel 6.2 Treyball, harga FlV = 0,01 - 0,1
maka digunakan harga untuk :

FlV = 0.1
α = 0.0744 t + 0.0117
β = 0.0304 t + 0.015
Dipilih tray spacing, t = 20 in = 0.5080 m
(Tabel 6.1 Treyball) sehingga diperoleh hasil :
α = 0.0495
β = 0.03044
Surface tension, δ 0.001 N/m, maka :
L ρV 0.5
FlV =
V ρL
### #NAME? 0.5

FlV =
### #NAME?
= ###
1 δ 0.2
Cf = α log + β x
FlV 0.02
1 0.001 0.2
Cf = 0.0495 log + 0.03044 x
### 0.02
Cf = ###
C-338
d. Menentukan kecepatan velocity flooding (Vf)

ρL - ρV 0.5 (Pers. 6.29 Treyball)
Vf = Cf
ρV
#NAME? - ### 0.5

Vf = ###
#NAME?
Vf = ### m/detik
Faktor koreksi = 80%
Vf = ### m/detik
e. Menghitung diameter dasar menara
*) Luas Penampang Tray (An)

QV ###
An = = = ### m²
Vf ###
Dirancang panjang weir = W = 0.80 T
Dari Tabel 6.1 Treyball, luas tower dengan downspout14.145%

=
*) Luas Penampang Menara (At)
An
At =
1 - downspout
#NAME?
=
1 - 0.1415
= #NAME? m²
*) Diameter Dasar Menara
4 At 0.5
Dm =
C-339
Dm =
Π
4 x ### 0.5
Dm =
3.14
= #NAME? m = ### ft
2. Menentukan Tinggi Menara Total
Bahan konstruksi = Carbon steel SA 283 Grade A
Allowable working stress(f) = 10350 psi
Efisiensi pengelasan (E) = 0.85
Faktor korosi (C) = 0.125

Poperasi = 0.00 atm = 0 psi
Pperancangan = ### atm = ### psi
Dmenara rata-rata = ### m
Rmenara (ri) = ### m = ### in
Perancangan plate (puncak)
*) Luas penampang kolom (Ac)
3.14
Ac = x D2
4
= #NAME? m2
*) Luas downcomer (Ad)
Ad = Ac x downspout
= #NAME? m2
*) Luas net area (An)

C-340
An = Ac - Ad
= #NAME? m2
*) Luas active area (Aa)
Aa = Ac - 2 Ad = ### m2
*) Luas hole area (Ah)
Ah asumsi 10% Aa untuk trial pertama : ### m2
*) Panjang weir (dari Fig.11.31)
Dari Fig.11.31 Coulson :Ad/Ac = ### maka Iw/Dc didapat
0.79 x #NAME? = ### m
diambil : weir height = 50 mm
hole diameter = 5 mm
plate thickness = 5 mm
*) Cek weeping
Lm x BM
Maks. liquid rate =
3600
### x ###
Lwd =
3600
= ### kg/s
Minimum liquid rate = 70% turndown = ### kg/s
#NAME? 2/3
Maksimum how = 750 x
### x ###
= ### mm liquid
#NAME? 2/3
Minimum how = 750 x
C-341
Minimum how = 750 x

### x ###
= ### mm liquid
at minimum rate = ho + how
= 50 + ### = ### mm
Dari Fig. 11.30 diperoleh : K2 = 30.333

[K2-0,9 x (25,4 - dh)]
Uh(min) =
(ρv)1/2
30.333 - 0.9 25.4 - 5

Uh (min) =
#NAME? 1/2
= #NAME? m/s
V' x BM
Maks. liquid rate =
3600
= ### x ###
3600
= ### kg/s
Minimum liquid rate 70% turndown = ### kg/s
minimum vapour rate

actual minimum vapor velocity =
Ah
= ### m2/s
*) Plate Pressure drop
Max.vapour velocity :
Qv
ûh =
Ah
C-342
#NAME?
=
#NAME?
= #NAME? m2/s
dari Fig.11.34 untuk tebal plate/diameter lubang = 1
dan Ah/Ap ≈ Ah/Aa = ### maka
Co = 0.84
uh 2 ρV
hd = 51
Co ρL (eq.11.88 Coulson)
#NAME? 2 ###
hd = 51
0.84 ###
= #NAME? mm liquid
12500
hr =
ρL
hr = #NAME? mm liquid
Total plate pressure drop

ht = hd + hw + how + hr
ht = #NAME? mm liquid
Plate pressure drop
ΔP = 9.81 x 10 -3 ht.ρl
ΔP = #NAME? N/m2
= #NAME? atm
*) Downcomer liquid back up

C-343
Downcomer pressure loss : hap = hw - 10 = 40 mm
Area under apron : Aap = hap lw
= ### m²
karena Aap < Ad maka untuk eq.11.92 page 468 coulson nilai Am ≈ Ad:
Lwd 2
hdc = 166
ρl Am
#NAME? 2
= 166
### x ###
= #NAME? mm ≈ 1 mm
Back-up in downcomer :
hb = hw + how + ht + hdc
hb = #NAME? mm = ### m
1/2 * plate spacing + weir height = 0.279 m

karena hb < 1/2(plate spacing + weir height) maka
tray spacing is acceptable/diterima
*) Check residence time

Ad . hbc . ρl
tr =
Lwd
= #NAME? ### ###
#NAME? (page 470 coulson)
= #NAME? s > 3 satisfactory, karena tr min. 3 detik

C-344
*) Check entrainment
actual percentage flooding for design area
Qv
uv =
An
#NAME?
=
#NAME?
= #NAME? m/s
uv
percent flooding = x 100
vf
###
= x 100
###
= ### , Flv = ###
sehingga dari fig. 11.29 Ψ = 0.064
*) Trial Layout
menggunakan tipe cartridge konstruksi. Dengan 50 mm
unperforated strip round plate edge, 50 mm wide calming zone.
*) Perforated area
dari Fig. 11.32 pada Iw/dc = 0.79 maka θc = 106
angle subtended at plate by unperforated strip =
180 - 106 = 74
C-345
mean length, unperforated edge strip =
74
Dc - 0.05 π x = ### m
180
area of unperforated edge strip = 0.05 x ###
= ### m²
area of calming zone = 2 0.0198 x ### - 2 0.05
= #NAME? m²
Total area of perforation Ap =
active area - ( unperforated edge strip + calming zone )
= #NAME? - ### + #NAME?
= #NAME? m²
Ah #NAME?
= = ###
Ap #NAME?
dari Fig. 11.33 dh/Ip = 2.8
satisfactory, karena normalnya dalam range 2.6 - 4.0
*) Number of holes
3.14 2
area of one hole = dh
4
= 1.9625E-05
luas hole area ###

Number of holes = = = ###
luas satu lubang 2E-05
C-346
*) Menghitung Tebal Shell

Pop x ri
ts = + C
f.E - 0,2P
Dalam hal ini :
0 x ###
ts = + 0.125
10350 x 0.85 - 0.2 10350
= #NAME? in dari Brownell, diambil tebal stan 3/16
*) Menghitung Tebal Head
◊ Head puncak
Head yang digunakan adalah head dengan jenis torispherical
dengan bahan yang digunakan adalah Carbon Steel.
P x ri x W
th = + C
2 . f . E - 0,2 . P
OD = ID + 2 ts
= #NAME? 39.3701 + 2 3/16
= #NAME? in
OD yang sesuai pada tabel 5.7 Brownell adalah 42 in
ID koreksi : OD - 2 ts
C-347
= 42 - 2 3/16
= 41.6 in = 1.057 m
Dari tabel 5.7 Brownell & Young hal.90 untuk OD = 42 in dan
tebal 3/16 diperoleh : ( hal.90)
icr = 2 5/8
r = 42
Dari persamaan 7-76, Brownell and young hal. 138 didapatkan :
r 0.5
W = 1/4 3 +
icr
42 0.5
= 1/4 3 +
2 5/8
= 1.75 in
sehingga :
0 x 42 x 1.75
th =
2 10350 0.85 - 0.2 0.0
= 0 in
diambil tebal head standar = 3/16 in
◊ Head dasar
Head yang digunakan adalah head jenis torispherical
dengan carbon steel.

C-348
P x ri x W
th = + C
2 . f . E - 0,2 . P
OD = ID + 2 ts
= #NAME? 39 + 2 1/5 = ### in
= 42 - 2 3/16
= 41.625 in
= 1.057 m
tebal 3/16 diperoleh :
icr = 2 5/8
r = 42
r 0.5
W = 1/4 3 +
icr
= 42 0.5
1/4 3 +
2 5/8
= 1.75 in
C-349
sehingga :
### x 42 x 1.8
th =
2 10350 0.85 - 0.2 ###
= #NAME? in
◊ Menghitung Tinggi Menara Distilasi Total
*) Tinggi Head Puncak
ID = #NAME? ft = ### in
r = #NAME? in
dari Tabel 5.6 Brownell and Young hal.88 diperoleh :
th = 3/16 diambil
sf = 1 1/2 - 2 , diambil 2 (Tabel 5.4 Brownell )
Icr = 1 1/8 (Tabel 5.5 Brownell )
AB = ID - icr
AB = #NAME? - 1 1/8 = #NAME? in
BC = rc - icr
= 42 - 1 1/8
= 40.8750
C-350
b = rc - BC 2 - AB 2 0.5
= 42 - 40.875 2 - ### 2 0.5
= #NAME? in = ### m
OA = th + b + sf
= 3/16 + ### + 2
= #NAME? in = ### m
*) Tinggi Head Dasar
ID = #NAME? ft = ### in
r = #NAME? in
dari Tabel 5.8, Brownell & Young, hal.88 diperoleh :
th = 3/16
sf = 1 1/2 - 2 diambil 2
icr = 1 1/8
ID
AB = - icr
2
###
= - 1 1/8 = ### in
2
BC = rc - icr
= 42 - 1 2/16
C-351
= 40.8750 in
b = rc - BC 2 - AB 2 0.5
= 42 - 40.875 2 - ### 2 0.5
= ### in = ### m
OA = th + b + sf
= 3/16 + ### + 2
= ### in = ### m
*) Tinggi Menara Distilasi
Tinggi ruang puncak = 1.5 x tray spacing
= 1.5 x 20 = 30 in
Tinggi ruang dasar = 2.0 x tray spacing
= 2.0 x 20 = 40 in
Tinggi tray aktual = N x tray spacing
= #DIV/0! x 20 = #DIV/0! in
Tinggi kolom
= t. puncak + t. dasar + t. tray + head puncak + head dasar
= 30 + 40 + #DIV/0! + ### + ###
= #DIV/0! in = #DIV/0! m
*) Menghitung Berat Menara Distilasi
OD 2
diameter head = OD + + 2sf + icr
24 3
C-352
### 2
= ### + + 4 + 2 5/8
24 3
= ### in = ### m
Perhitungan berat tutup
π d² t ρ
Berat head = x
4 1728
π ### 1/5 490

= x
4 1728
= #NAME? lb
Perhitungan axial stress pada shell
p.d
fap =
4 (ts - c)
### x ###
=
4 - 0.125
= ### lb/in²
Perhitungan stress karena bobot mati

fshell = 3.4 x
Persamaan dipakai untuk ketebalan shell yang tetap dan pada daerah
puncak dimana ketebalannya
juga konstan, sehingga :

ρins x tins
stress karena insulin : fins =
144 (ts - c)
C-353
40 x 3
=
144 0.063
= 13.333 x
stress karena berat peralatan :
berat tutup atas = ### lb
berat tangga = 25 lb/ft
berat pipa 12" sch 30 (App.K) = 43.8 lb
berat isolasi pipa π/4 (1,5²-1²).40 = 39.250 lb
∑ W = ### + 108.05 x lb
∑W
falat =
π . d . ( ts - c )
### + 108.05 x
=
π ### 3/16 - 1/8
= ### + ### x
beban tray termasuk cairannya
trial x = 4
x π d²
- 1 25
2 4
ftray+liq =
12 π d ( ts - c )
x π ###
- 1 25
2 4
=
C-354
=
12 π ### 3/16 - 1/8
#NAME? x
= -1 +
#NAME? 2
= #NAME? x - ###
Total stress karena bobot mati

fdw = bebanshell + bebanisolasi + bebanperalatan + bebantray+liq
= 3.4 x + 13.333 x + ### x + ###
+ #NAME? x - ###
= ### x + ###
= ### x - ###
Perhitungan stress karena angin
untuk tinggi di atas 1 ft, maka tekanan angin yang digunakan adalah
Pw = 26 psi, dengan faktor bentuk 0.65

deff = isolasi menara + pipa uap
= ### + 6 + 12 + 6
= ### in
stress karena angin :
16 deff x²
fwx =
do 2 ( ts - c )
= 16 #NAME? x²
C-355
#NAME? - 1/8
= ### x²
>> sisi atas angin (upwind side)

ftmax = fwx + fap - fdx
= #NAME? x² + ### - ### x+ ###
= #NAME? x² - ### x + #NAME?
untuk efisiensi pengelasa 0.85 dan allowable stres 10350

ftmax = #NAME? x² - ### x + #NAME?
8797.5 = #NAME? x² - ### x + #NAME?
= #NAME? x² - ### x + #NAME?
cari nilai x dengan rumus :
a = ###
b = #NAME?
c = #NAME?
x = (-b ± (b^2 - 4*a*c)^0.5)/(2*a)
#NAME? ± #NAME? - #NAME? 0.5

=
#NAME?
= #NAME? ft
>> sisi bawah angin (downwind side)

fcmax = fwx - fap + fdx
= ### x² - ### x + ### x- ###

C-356
Dari stabilitas elastis :
t
fcmax = 1.5 10 6
r
3/16
= 1.5 10 6
###
= #NAME?
maka :
fcmax = #NAME? x² + ### x - #NAME?
### = #NAME? x² + ### x - #NAME?
= #NAME? x² + ### x - #NAME?
cari nilai x dengan rumus :
a = #NAME?
b = #NAME?
c = #NAME?
x = (-b ± (b^2 - 4*a*c)^0.5)/(2*a)
= #NAME? ± #NAME? - #NAME? 0.5
#NAME?
= #NAME? ft
jadi masih tetap dipakai x dari sisi atas angin karena x #NAME?
sehingga dapat diketahui besarnya stress karena bobot mati yang
bekerja pada dinding menara adala #NAME? ft
* Beban shell
C-357
fshell = 3.4 x
= ### psi
* Beban isolasi
fins = 13.3 x
= ### psi
* Beban peralatan yang tak terpasang (tdk termasuk tray)
falat = ### + ### x
= #NAME? psi
* Beban tray termasuk cairannya

ftray+liq = #NAME? x - ###
= #NAME? psi
* Total stress karena bobot mati

fdw = #NAME? x - #NAME?
= #NAME? psi
* Total stress karena angin

fwx = #NAME? x²
= #NAME? psi
Menentukan berat total menara
Total berat menara distilasi beserta dengan peralatan yang terpasang,
isolasi, shell, tray, termasuk cairannya :
∑ W = fdw total x π x d x ts
dimana : fdw total =

C-358
fdw shell + fdw insulasi + fdw peralatan + fdw tray beserta cairannya
= #NAME? psi
sehingga berat total menara :
∑ W = fdw total x π x d x ts
= ### x 3.14 x ### x 0.188
= #NAME? lbm
= #NAME? kg
◊ Perancangan lubang nozzle, nozzle yang dirancang :
1.Pipa pemasukan Umpan Menara Distilasi
2.Pipa Pemasukan Refluks Menara Distilasi
3.Pipa Pemasukan Uap Boiler
4.Pipa Pengeluaran Uap Puncak Menara Distilasi
5.Pipa Pengeluaran Cairan Dasar
Penentuan diameter optimum pipa nozzle ditentukan menggunakan pers.15 hal.496
dengan mengasumsikan aliran turbulen (Nre > 2100)
Di = 3.9 Qr ### ρ 0.13
* Pipa pemasukan Umpan Menara Distilasi
kecepatan umpan 65431.5044 kg/jam = 144251.775 lb/jam

ρ Umpan = 507.4700 kg/m³ = 31.680 lbm/cuft
Komponen zf ρ ρ*zf
Etilen 0.5790 0.1611 0.0933

C-359
Etanol 0.0086 0.6421 0.0055
Air 0.4123 0.9897 0.4081
Total 1 0.507
μ mix = 9.529 cp = 6.40E-03 lbm/ft.s
T = 179.33 K
Komponen VIS A VIS B μ (Coulson, App.D)
Etilen 168.98 93.94 0.13914
Etanol 686.64 300.88 35.2163
Air 658.25 283.16 22.176
Total μmix 9.52859
m 144251.7749
Laju alir volumetrik, Qr = =
ρ 31.6803
= 4553.36 ft³/jam
= 1.26482 ft³/det
Di = 3.9 Qr ### ρ ###
= 3.9 1.264821 ### 31.7 ###
= 6.7933 in
Dipilih pipa nominal dengan spesifikasi (app K. item 2 Brownell)
Nominal pipe size (NPS) = 2 in
Schedule (sch) = 40
Diameter luar (OD) = 2.375 in
Diameter dalam (ID) = 2.067 in

C-360
Luas Penampang (A) = 3.356 in² = 0.2796 ft²
Qr
Kecepatan alir (v) =
A
1.2648
= = 4.5244 ft/det
0.2796
cek Nre
ρ Id v
NRe =
μ
31.680 0.1722 4.52441

= = 3854.24
6.40E-03
* Pipa Pemasukan Refluks Menara Distilasi
kecepatan reflux = ### kg/jam = ### lb/jam

ρ Umpan = 597.66 kg/m³ = 37.310 lbm/cuft
Etilen 0.4721 0.1611 0.0760
Etanol 0.004288 0.6421 0.0028
Air 0.523573 0.9897 0.5182
Total 1 0.5970
μ mix = 11.828 cp = 7.95E-03 lbm/ft.s
T = 179.33 K
Komponen VIS A VIS B μ

C-361
Etilen 168.98 93.94 0.13914
Etanol 686.64 300.88 35.2184
Air 658.25 283.16 22.1773
Total μmix 1E+01
m ###
ρ 37.3105
= -136296 ft³/jam = -37.86 ft³/det
Di = 3.9 Qr ### ρ ###
= 3.9 -37.86003 ### 37.310 ###
= #NUM! in

Nominal pipe size (NPS) = 1/2 in
Schedule (sch) = 40
Qr -37.86
Kecepatan alir (v) = =
A 0.0021
= -18049 ft/det
cek Nre
ρ Id v
NRe =
C-362
NRe =
μ
37.310 0.051813 -18049

= = -4389737.98
7.95E-03
* Pipa Pemasukan Uap Boiler
kecepatan uap, Lm = #NAME? kg/jam = #NAME? lb/jam

ρ = #NAME? kg/m³ = #NAME? lbm/cuft
Etilen #NAME? 0.1611 ###
Etanol #NAME? 0.6421 ###
Air #NAME? 0.9897 ###
Total #NAME? ###

μ mix = #NAME? cp = #NAME? lbm/ft.s
T = 350.4 K
Etilen 168.98 93.94 0.04824
Etanol 686.64 300.88 0.47582
Air 658.25 283.16 0.35799
Total μmix ###
m #NAME?
ρ #NAME?
= ### ft³/jam
= ### ft³/det
C-363
Di = 3.9 Qr ### ρ ###
= 3.9 #NAME? ### ### ###
= ### in

Nominal pipe size (NPS) = 1 1/2 in
Schedule (sch) = 40
Qr ###
A 0.0140
= ### ft/det
cek Nre
ρ Id v
NRe =
μ
### 0.134113 ###

= = #NAME?
#NAME?
* Pipa Pengeluaran Uap Puncak Menara Distilasi
kecepatan uap, Lm = #NAME? kg/jam
= #NAME? lb/jam
C-364
densitas = 597.6565 kg/m³ = 37.310 lbm/cuft
Etilen 0.4721 0.1611 0.076047
Etanol 4.29E-03 0.6421 2.75E-03
Air 0.523573 0.9897 0.518167
Total 1 0.5970
μ mix = 0.2122 cp = 1.43E-04 lbm/ft.s
T = 350.4 K
Etilen 168.98 93.94 0.04824
Etanol 686.64 300.88 0.47582
Air 658.25 283.16 0.35799
Total μmix 0.21225
m #NAME?
ρ 37.3105
= #NAME? ft³/jam
= ### ft³/det
Di = 3.9 Qr ### ρ ###
= 3.9 #NAME? ### 37.310 ###
= ### in
C-365
Nominal pipe size (NPS) = 3 in
Schedule (sch) = 40
Qr ###
A 0.0510
= ### ft/det
cek Nre
ρ Id v
NRe =
μ
37.3105 0.255564 ###

=
1.43E-04
= #NAME?
* Pipa Pengeluaran Cairan Dasar
kecepatan uap, L = 27552.7166 kg/jam
= 60743.342 lb/jam
Densitas = #NAME? kg/m³ = ### lbm/cuft
Etilen #NAME? 0.1611 ###
Etanol #NAME? 0.6421 ###

C-366
Air #NAME? 0.9897 ###
Total #NAME? ###
μ mix = #NAME? cp = #NAME? lbm/ft.s
T = 350.4 K
Etilen 168.98 93.94 0.04824
Etanol 686.64 300.88 0.47582
Air 658.25 283.16 0.35799
Total μmix ###
m 60743.342
ρ #NAME?
= ### ft³/jam
= ### ft³/det
Di = 3.9 Qr ### ρ ###
= 3.9 #NAME? ### ### ###
= ### in
Nominal pipe size (NPS) = 1 1/4 in
Schedule (sch) = 40

C-367
Qr ###
A 0.0103
= ### ft/det
cek Nre
ρ Id v
NRe =
μ
### 0.114954 ###

=
#NAME?
= #NAME?
◊ Perancangan flange lubang (nozzle)
keseluruhan leher nozzle disambung dengan flange tipe
welding neck flanges
standar 150-lb steel berdasarkan ASA B16E-1939

K
1/16 “
37½°
B L
E T
R 1/16 “
Keterangan =
A : diameter luar, in
T : tebal minimum, in
R : diameter luar permukaan yang muncul, in
E : diameter poros pada dasar, in

C-368
K : diameter poros pada titik pengelasan, in
B : diameter dalam untuk dinding pipa, in
Dari hal. 221 Brownell didapat nilai standar flange :
Jenis pipa NPS A T R E
Pemasukan Umpan 2 6 3/4 3 5/8 3 1/16
Pemasukan Refluks 1/2 3 1/2 7/16 1 3/8 1 3/16
Pemasukan Uap Boiler 1 1/2 5 1 1/16 2 7/8 2 9/16
Pengeluaran Uap Puncak 3 7 1/2 1 5/16 5 4 1/4
Pengeluaran Cairan Dasar 1 1/4 4 5/8 5/8 2 1/2 2 5/16
Jenis pipa K L B
Pemasukan Umpan 2.38 2 1/2 2.07
Pemasukan Refluks 0.84 1 7/8 0.62
Pemasukan Uap Boiler 1.90 2 7/16 1.61
Pengeluaran Uap Puncak 3.50 2 3/4 3.07
Pengeluaran Cairan Dasar 1.66 2 1/4 1.38
RESUME
Nama alat : Menara Distilasi
Kode : D-310
C-369
Fungsi : Memisahkan Etilen dari Etanol & Air
Type : sieve tray
Bahan : Carbon steel SA-283 Grade A
Plate : ### plate
Tray spacing : 20 in
Lokasi feed : plate ke- ### umpan masuk dari atas menara
Dimensi :
Tinggi menara : #DIV/0! in = #DIV/0! m
Diameter atas : #DIV/0! ft = #DIV/0! m
Diameter bawah : #NAME? ft = ### m
Tebal shell : 3/16 in = 0.00476 m
Tebal head : 3/16 in = 0.00476 m
Tinggi head : #NAME? in = ### m
C.13 CONDENSOR (E-311)
Nitrogen cair out Distilat

C-370
Nitrogen cair out Distilat
Nitrogen cair in Distilat
Fungsi : Mengembunkan hasil atas MD
Tujuan : 1. Menentukan tipe Kondensor
a. Menentukan tipe kondensor
Tipe kondensor yang dipilih adalah horizontal Shell and tube condensor
1. Luas perpindahan panas diperkirakan lebih dari dari 120 ft2
Dalam perancangan, bahan konstruksi yang digunakan untuk tube adalah
carbon steel, dengan pertimbangan:
1. Pendingin yang digunakan adalah nitrogen cair
2. Carbon steel tidak terkorosi oleh hasil produk reaktor
Sedangkan bahan yang digunakan untuk shell adalah carbon steel,
C-371
1. Produk yang masuk ke shell tidak terlalu bersifat korosif.
2. Harganya murah.
Dipilih aliran produk keluaran MD berada di shell agar
nitrogen cair mendinginkan dari dalam tube

Temperatur fluida panas masuk(T1) = ### o
C = ### o
F
Temperatur fluida panas keluar (T2) = -93.82 o
C = -136.87 oF
Temperatur fluida dingin masuk (t1) = -198 o
C = -324.40 oF
Temperatur fluida dingin keluar (t2) = -150 o
C = -238.00 oF
DP yang diijinkan = 2 psi di shell, 10 psi di tube

Rate massa fluida panas in (W1) = ### kg/jam = ### lb/jam
Q pendingin = #REF! kJ/jam = #REF! btu/jam
Rate massa pendingin masuk (w1) = #REF! kg/jam = #REF! lb/jam
Direncanakan dipakai Heat Exchanger dengan ukuran :
Dari Tabel.10 Kern dipilih tube dengan ukuran :
OD, BWG = 3/4 in , 16 BWG
ID = 0.620 in
Panjang tube (L) = 12 ft
Dari tabel.10 Kern : at' = 0.302 in2
a" = 0.1963 ft2 /ft
Passes = 2
1) Neraca Massa dan Energi :

C-372
W pendingin = -2241209.7746 kg/jam = -4940971.0690 lb/jam

Cp pendingin = 0.7337 kJ/kg.oC = 3.0720 btu/lb.oF
Q pendingin = -4940971.0690 x 3.0720 x ( ### - -136.872 )
= #NAME? btu/jam
2) DT :
Untuk aliran counter-current ;
Panas Dingin Beda
### suhu tinggi -238 ### Dt2
-136.872 suhu rendah -324.4 187.528 Dt1

T1-T2 t2 - t1 ### Dt2 - Dt1
Dt2 - Dt1 ###

LMTD = = = ### o
F
ln (Dt2/Dt1) ###
Asumsi condensor beroperasi secara isotermal, FT = 1, dan menggunakan HE 1-2
sehingga : DT = LMTD = ### F

o
3) Temperatur kalorik
Temperatur kalorik menggunakan T rata-rata
Tc = ### o
F
tc = -281.2 o
F
Trial UD
Dari Kern, Tabel 8, diketahui overall design coefficient (UD) untuk sistem HE
LO-LO = 40 - 75 btu/j.ft2.oF (Light Organics)

Diambil harga UD = 50 btu/j.ft2.oF
C-373
Check UD
Q #NAME?
A = =
UD x Dt 50 x ###
A = #NAME? ft2 > 120 ft2 ------>> Tipe HE Shell and Tube
A
Nt =
a" x L
#NAME?
= = #NAME?
0.1963 x 12
Digunakan 2 lewatan pada tube (n = 2).
Standarisasi harga Nt (Kern, tabel 9) :
Untuk OD = 3/4 in, 16 BWG,
Pitch = 1 in, triangular pitch
IDs = 13 1/4
Nt standard = 106 buah
A = Nt x a" x L
= 106 x 0.1963 x 12
= 249.69 ft2
Q #NAME?
UD koreksi = =
A x Dt 249.69 x ###
= #NAME? btu/j.ft2.oF < 50
underdesign sebesa ### (Memenuhi)
Jadi, digunakan spesifikasi condensor :
Tipe HE 1-2
C-374
Bagian Shell : IDs = 13 1/4 in
n' = 1 buah
B = 0.9 x IDs = 11.925 in
Bagian Tube : 3/4 OD, 16 BWG
Nt = 106 buah ID = 0.62 in
Pt = 1 in L = 12 ft
a" = 0.1963 ft2 /ft n = 2 buah
at' = 0.302 in2 C' = 0.25 in
Evaluasi perpindahan panas
Fluida panas ; shell side, produk Fluida dingin ; tube side, nitrogen cair
1') IDs x C'B 39.50156 1) a't = 0.302 in2 (Kern Tabel 10)
as = =
144.PT.n' 144 Nt x a't 32.012
at = =
= 0.2743 ft2 144 n 288
at = 0.1112 ft2
2') W -4940971.07 lb/h 2) w #REF! lb/jam

Gs = = Gt = =
as 0.2743 ft2 at 0.1112 ft2
Gs = -18011941.5 lb/(jam)(ft2) Gt = #REF! lb/(jam)(ft2)
3') Pada Tc = #NAME? oF 3) Pada tc = -281.2 o

F
m = 0.0000 cp Kern Gb.15 m = 0.0899 cp (Eq.µ Coulson, App.D)
m = 0.0000 lb/ (ft)(jam) m = 0.2175 lb/ (ft)(jam)

De = 0.73 in Kern Gb.28 D= 0.62 in (Kern Tabel 10)
De = 0.061 ft D = 0.052 ft
C-375
D e x Gs -1095726.443 D x Gt #REF!
Res = = Ret = =
m 0.0000 m 0.22
Res = #DIV/0! Ret = #REF!
4') jH = 132 (Kern Gb. 28)
5') Pada Tc = #NAME? oF
k = 0.0171 btu / jam ft oF
(cm/k)1/3 = 0.000
6') ho = jH. k/De (cm/k)1/3 Fs 6) Gt

v = = #REF! ft/s
= 0.000 btu/j.ft2. oF 3600 x r
hi = 1500 btu/j.ft2. oF
hi = 1500 x 1 = 1500
hio = hi ID = 1500 0.620
OD 0.75
= 1240 btu/j.ft2. oF
7) Koefisien clean overall (UC) :
hio x ho 0
UC = = = 0.0 Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
hio + ho 1240
8) Dirt factor, Rd :
UC - U D #NAME?
Rd = = = #NAME? (jam)(ft2)(oF)/Btu
UC x U D #NAME?
Rd yang diizinkan :Rd min organic vapor = 0.00114

C-376
(Coulson Tabel 12.2) Rd min organic liquid = 0.00114
Rd min total = 0.00227
Rd hitung > Rd ketetapan minimal sebesar ( ### )'------> Memenuhi
Pressure Drop
Fluida panas ; shell side, produk Fluida dingin ; tube side, nitrogen cair
1') Untuk Res = #DIV/0! 1) Untuk Ret = #REF!
f= 0.00180 ft2/in2 f = 0.00033 ft2/in2 (Kern Gb.26)
(Kern Gb. 29) s= 0.2
12 L 2) Menghitung Dp karena panjang pipa

2') Banyaknya crosses, N+1=
B f x Gt2x L x n
DPt =
144 5,22 x 1010 x D x s x ft
Banyaknya crosses, N+1=
12 #REF!
DPt =
Banyaknya crosses, N+1= 12 5.3940E+08
13 = #REF! psi
Ds = = 1.104 ft
12
3') f x Gs2x Ds x (N+1) 3) Menghitung Dp karena tube passes

DPs =
5.22 x 1010 x De x s x fs Untuk Gt #REF! lb/(h)(ft2)
= 7786320900988.48 V2 (Kern Gb.27)

= 0.001
317550000 2g'
= ### psi 4n V2
DPr = x
DPs yang diijinkan = 2 psi s 2g'
(memenuhi syarat) = 0.04 psi
DPT = DPt + DPr

C-377
DPT = #REF! psi
DPs yang diijinkan = 10 psi
(memenuhi syarat)
Shell Tube
0.000 h outside 1240
Uc = 0.0
Ud = #NAME?
Rd perhitungan = #NAME?
### DP perhitungan #REF!
2 DP diijinkan 10
RESUME
Nama alat : Condensor
Kode : E-311
Fungsi : Mengembunkan sebagian produk pemurnian dari MD pada suhu
#NAME? oC menjadi -93.82 oC
Jumlah : 1 buah
Jenis : shell and tube exchanger tipe 1-2
Bahan konstruksi : Carbon steel SA-283 Grade C
Media pendingin : Nitrogen cair, -198 oC
Tube Side Shell Side
BWG : 16 Pass : 1
ID : 0.620 in Baffle space : 12 in
Pass : 2
C-378
Panjang : 12 ft
Jumlah : 106
C.14 ACCUMULATOR (F-312)
Type : Vessel Silinder Horizontal Elliptical Dished Head
Fungsi : Sebagai penampung arus keluaran kondensor pada Menara
Distilasi untuk menjaga kontinuitas, kestabilan aliran reflux
dan distilat
Tujuan : 1. Menghitung volume vessel
2. Menentukan diamater (tinggi) dan panjang vessel
3. Menentukan tebal vessel
4. Menentukan tebal dan tinggi head
Kondisi Operasi : P = 1 atm
T= -93.8 o
C 179.332 K
Aliran masuk Accumulator = Aliran keluar Condensor
Komponen laju alir (kg/jam) xi
Etilen 37867.9395 0.9997

C-379
Etanol 0.0565 1.5E-06

Air 10.7918 0.00028
Total 37878.7879
ρ= 161.31 kg/m3 Q = 37878.7879 kg/jam
ρ= 10.0703 lb/ft3 Q= 23.1968 lb/s
*Menghitung Volume Vessel
Waktu tinggal yang digunakan :

tr = 300 s (treyball ,p-397)
tr = 1/12 jam
m
Volume Fluida = x tr
ρmix
23.1968
Volume Fluida = x 1/12
10.070
Volume Fluida = 691.0440 ft3
Volume vessel dibuat overdesign sebesar 20%
Vv = 1,2*V Fluida
Vv = ### ft3
*Menentukan Diameter (tinggi) dan Panjang Vessel
Berdasarkan Brownell,Persamaan 5.4, P.81, maka digunakan vessel
berbentuk silinder with elliptical dished, maka :

C-380
L/D ratio : 4 (p-397 Treyball, L/D = 4 - 5)
L/D = 4
Lv = 4 Dv
Vv = л*Dv2 * Lv + л*Dv3 Brownel and Young hal 80
4 12
Maka : Vv = л*Dv2 * 4 Dv + л*Dv3
4 12
### = 3.14 Dv3 + 0.2617 Dv3
= 3.4017 Dv4
Dv = 243.7784 1/3
Dv = 6.2469 ft (Tinggi vessel)
= 74.9629 in (belum standart)
= 1.9041 m
Sehingga Panjang Vessel :
Lv = 4 * 6.2469
Lv = 24.9876 ft
= 299.85 in (belum standart)
= 7.6163 m
Menentukan Tinggi cairan dalam vessel ;

VF = 3.4017 Dv3
C-381
### = 3.4017 Dv3
Dv = 5.8786 ft
Jadi tinggi cairan dalam vessel (HF) = 5.8786 ft = 1.79181 m
*Menentukan Tebal Vessel
Direncanakan bahan konstruksi ialah Low Alloy Steel SA-301 Grade B
Pd*ri 13.1 Brownel and young ; 254

t= +C
f*E - 0.6*Pd
Diketahui :
Po = 1.0 atm = 14.7 Psi
Ph = (1/44)*ρl*(g/gc)*hl = 0.4111 Psi
Pd = safety factor*(Po+Ph)
= 18.1333 Psi
ri = Jari-jari shell (Dv/2) = 0.9520 m = 37.3961 in
f = Allowable Strees untuk bahan konstruksi
Low Alloy Steel SA-301 Grade B = 15000 Psi
E = Efisiensi Pengelasan, diambil
double-welded but joint dengan efisiensi 80% (Brownel and Young; 254)
C-382
c = Faktor korosi = 0.125 in
Maka ;
18.1333 x 37.3961
tv = + 0.125
15000 0.8 - 0.6 18.1333
tv = 0.1816 in
Diambil Tebal Standart = 3/16 in = 0.1875 in
*Menentukan Tebal Head
Tebal tutup berupa Elliptical mengikuti persamaan berikut:
Pd*d*V 7.57 Brownel and young ; 133

t= +c
2f*E - 0.2*Pd
Dimana:
V = 1/6*(2+k^2) 7.56 Brownel and young ; 133
Pada umumnya untuk jenis Elliptical diambil nilai k = 2
V = 1/6*(2+2^2) Brownel and young ; 134
V= 1
OD = (Dv+(2*tv)) = 75.3386 in
OD standar = 32 in
koreksi Dv dan Lv =
Dv= OD - (2*tv)
Dv= 31.6250 in 0.8033 m
Maka :
C-383
Lv = 4 x 31.6250
Lv = 126.50 in
= 3.2131 m
Maka :
18.1333 x 31.6250
t = + 0.125
2 x 15000 x 0.8 - 0.2 x 18.1333
= 0.1489 in
Diambil Tebal Standart = 3/16 in = 0.1875 in
Keterangan Gambar :
t = tebal head (in)
Dari tabel 5.7 didapat: untuk OD = 32 dan ts = 3/16
icr = 2 in , r = 30 in
a = 0,5 x ID = 0.4016 m = 15.8125 in
AB = a – icr = 13.8125 in
C-384
BC = r – icr = 28.00 in
AC = (BC2 – AB2)1/2 = 24.3560 in
b = r – (BC2 – AB2)1/2 = 5.6440 in
Tinggi straight flange (sf), berkisar antara 1 1/2 - 2, dipilih 2
untuk ketebalan tutup standart 3/16 (tabel 5.8 hal. 93 Brownell)
Dari data di atas dapat dihitung tinggi tutup tangki (OA) yaitu sebesar :
OA = b + sf + t = 7.6440 in = 0.1946 m
*Panjang Total Vessel = Lv + (2*OA)
Lv Total = 3.6023 m
RESUME
Nama Alat : Accumulator
Kode : F-312
Fungsi : Sebagai penampung arus keluaran kondensor pada Menara
Distilasi untuk menjaga kontinuitas, kestabilan aliran reflux
dan distilat
Jumlah : 1 buah
Massa distilat : 37,878.7879 kg/jam
Tipe : Tangki silinder horizontal
Konstruksi : Low Alloy Steel SA-301 Grade B
Diameter : 1.9041 m
Tinggi cairan : 1.7918 m
Panjang : 3.6023 m
C-385
Volume : 829.2528 ft3
Suhu : -93.8 C
o
Tekanan : 1 atm
Waktu tinggal: 300 s
Tebal head : 3/16 in
C.15 POMPA ACCUMULATOR (L-313)
Fungsi : Mengalirkan distilat ke tangki penyimpanan produk
Suhu : -93.82 o
C
: 179.332 K
Tekanan : 1 atm
Komponen laju alir (kg/jam) xi ρ (kg/m3) ρmix (kg/m3) μ (cP) μmix (cP)
Etilen 37,867.9395 0.9997 161.07 161.0235 0.1391 0.139105

C-386
Etanol 0.0565 0.000001 642.068 0.001 35.2184 5.25E-05
Air 10.7918 0.00028 989.675 0.2820 22.1773 0.006318
Total 37,878.7879 161.31 0.145476
23.1968 lb/s
μmix = 0.00015 kg/m s ρmix = 10.0315 lb/ft3
0.35205 lb/ft.h
9.8E-05 lb/ft.s
massa
r
= 234.8250 m3/jam
= 2.3035 cuft/s
= ### gpm
Dimana :
maka:
Di opt = 3,9 × Qf 0,45 × ρ 0,13

C-387
= 7.66162 in
D nom = 2 1/2 in = 0.208 ft
ID = 2.469 in = 0.20575 ft
OD = 2.875 in = 0.23958 ft
A = 0.03322 ft2
Sch = 40
Kecepatan kinier fluida dapat dicari dengan menggunakan persamaan sebagai berikut :
Q Dimana :
V=
A V = kecepatan linier aliran fluida, ft/s
v = 69.3420 ft/s
ID x v x ρ
Nre =
μ
NRe = ### (asumsi aliran turbulen benar)
Elbow 90 °C 2 35 14.4025
C-388
Coupling 4 2 1.646
Total 19.752
Asumsi : Panjang pipa lurus 55 ft
∑L = 75 ft
ε/D = 0.00073
f = 0.008
energi yang hilang akibat gesekan adalah sebagai berikut:
f x v2 x ∑L
F=
2 x D x gc x α
= 217.186 lbm.ft/lbf

Z2 = 35 ft ; Z1 = 0 ft
∆Z∙g/gc = (Z2 - Z1) = 35 ft
P2
V2 = V1 x
P1
Dimana :
V2 = kecepatan aliran refluks menuju menara distilasi
C-389
V1 = kecepatan cairan masuk
P2 = 1 atm ; P1 = 1 atm
V2 = 69.342 ft/ds
ΔV2
= 74.66331
2 x α x gc
ΔV2 g ΔP
-Wf = + Δz + + ∑F
2 x α x gc gc P
Dimana :

P1 = 1 atm = 2116 lbf/ft2
P2 = 1 atm = 2116 lbf/ft2
ΔP = 0 lbf/ft2
maka :
m(-Wf)
BHP =
550 x η
untuk, Qf = ### gpm

C-390
BHP = 80.2653 HP
BHP
sehingga power pompa yang diperlukan =
η motor
= 90.1858 Hp
RESUME
Nama : Pompa Accumulator
Kode alat : L-313
Fungsi : Mengalirkan refluks kembali ke menara distilasi
Jumlah : 1 buah
Kapasitas : ### gpm

C-391
Power motor : 30 HP
▫ OD = 2.875 in
▫ ID = 2.469 in
▫ Sch. No. = 40
C.16 REBOILER (V-314)

Umpan steam
C-392
Fungsi: Menguapkan sebagian campuran Air pada bottom Menara Distilasi
dari suhu -93.82 C

o
ke 77.26 C
o
Tujuan: 1. Menentukan tipe HE
a. Menentukan tipe HE
Tipe HE yang dipilih adalah Double pipe Heat Exchanger
1. Luas perpindahan panas diperkirakan kurang dari 120 ft2
Dalam perancangan, bahan konstruksi yang digunakan untuk inner pipe
adalah cast steel, dengan pertimbangan :
1. Pemanas yang digunakan adalah steam baru
2. Carbon steel tidak terkorosi oleh steam
Sedangkan bahan yang digunakan untuk pipa luar (annulus) adalah carbon steel,
1. Bahan yang masuk tidak bersifat korosif.
2. Harganya murah.
C-393
Dipilih aliran steam berada di inner pipe karena panas dari steam hasil pemanasan tidak
terbuang kesekitar, sehingga pemanasan lebih efektif.
1. Heat Balance
Tin -93.82 o
C 179.33 K -136.87 oF
Tout 77.26 o
C 350.41 K 171.06 oF
Tstd 25 o
C 298.15 K 77.00 F
o
Tsteam 450 o
C 723.15 K 842.00 oF
Massa bottom product = 27552.71657 kg/jam
= 60743.34225 lb/jam
Kapasitas masuk reboiler = #NAME? kg/jam
= #NAME? lb/jam
Q supply (Rb) = #REF! KJ/jam = #REF! Btu/jam
Q loss = #REF! KJ/jam
Steam yang digunakan adalah superheated steam 450oC
Q #REF!
Massa steam yang diperlukan = = = #REF! kg/h
λ 3382.3
= #REF! lb/jam
C-394
2. LMTD
Suhu Selisih
(oF) (oF)
842 Temp. tinggi -136.87 978.874

Temp.
842 rendah 171.06 670.936
0 Selisih -307.9386 307.939
∆Ta-∆Tb
DT LMTD =
ln(∆Ta/∆Tb)
= 815.235 oF = 452.908 oC
3. Temperatur Kalorik
Tc = 842.0 o
F ; Cp= 0.5 Btu/lb.oF (fig.3 Kern)
tc = 17.1 o
F ; Cp= ### Btu/lb.oF (chap.2 Perry)
4. Trial Ukuran dan Panjang Potongan Pipa DPHE
Memakai pipa 12 ft, 2 1/2 dan 1 1/4 , dicek pada Tabel 6.2 Kern
menunjukkan bahwa area arus dari annulus lebih besar dari area pipe, karena area
lebih besar, annulus menempatkan arus yang lebih besar pula sehingga produk
dialirkan di annulus sedangkan steam dialirkan di pipe.
EVALUASI PERPINDAHAN PANAS
* Fluida Dingin : Annulus, Air bercampur sedikit Etanol (Bottom Produk)

C-395

D2 = 2.469 / 12 = 0.20575 ft
D1 = 1.66 / 12 = 0.13833 ft
a an = π (D22 - D12) / 4
= 3.14 ( 0.20575 2 - 0.13833 2 ) / 4
= 0.01821 ft2
De = (D22 - D12) / D1
= ( 0.2058 2 - 0.13833 2 ) / 0.13833
= 0.16769 ft
Mass velocity,
Gan = M / a an
= ### / 0.01821
= 3335785.4884 lb/jam.ft2
Pada 17.1 o
F didapat :
µ = ### cp = ### lb/jam.ft (Fig.14 Kern)
k = ### Btu / jam ft oF (Tabel 4 Kern)
= ( 0.167689 3335785 ) / ###
= #NAME?
6. Mencari Koefisien Film Perpindahan Panas, ho

    
     
    
C-396
 k  cp µ 1/3  µ 0.1

ho = JH      
 
De k
 µ 
w
#NAME? ### ### 1/3

= 59 
0.167689 
 #NAME? 

   
= ### Btu /jam.ft2 oF
* Fluida Panas : Pipe, Steam
D = 1.38 / 12 = 0.115 ft
ap = π D2 / 4
= 3.14 0.115 2 / 4
= 0.01038 ft2
Mass velocity,
Gp = M/ ap
= #REF! / 0.01038
= #REF! lb/jam.ft2
Pada 842 oF didapat :
k = 0.0282 Btu / jam ft oF (Tabel 5 Kern)
Nre = ( De . Gp ) / µ
= ( 0.115 #REF! ) / 0.06292
= #REF!
6. Mencari Koefisien Film Perpindahan Panas, hio

C-397
Condensation of steam:
hio = 1500 Btu/ jam ft2.oF (Kern, halaman-164)
7. CleanOverall Coeficient, Uc
hio . ho 1500 . ###

Uc = = = ### Btu/(h)(ft2)(oF)
hio + ho 1500 + ###
8. Design Overall Coeficient, UD
1 1 Rd min steam = 0.00142

= + Rd ----->
UD Uc Rd min organic liquid = 0.00114 +
0.00256
1 1
= + 0.00256
UD ###
UD = ### Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
9. Luas Permukaan yang diperlukan
Q = UD . A . ∆T LMTD
Q #REF!
A = = = ### ft2
UD . ∆T LMTD ### x 815.235
dari tabel.11 Kern, untuk bottom produk diannulus 2 1/2 in IPS pipa standar
diperoleh surface 0.753 ft2 per-panjang pipa
Panjang pipa yang perlu = ### / 0.753 = ### ft
dikoneksikan dengan pipa 12 ft, maka hairpin sebanyak ### buah

C-398
10. Permukaan disediakan sesungguhnya 24 x 0.753 = 18.072 ft2
, maka faktor pengotor akan lebih besar dibanding diperlukan. Desain koefisien
yang nyata adalah :
Q #REF!
UD = = = #REF! Btu/(h)(ft2)(oF)
A . ∆T LMTD 18.072 x 815.235
Uc - UD ### - #REF!
RD = = = ### (h)(ft2)(oF)/Btu
Uc x UD ### x #REF!
Nilai UD perancangan dan UD hitung memenuhi UD standar yang ditetapkan untuk :
Fluida dingin organic liquid
Fluida panas steam

Dari tabel 8 Kern, Harga UD = 100 - 200 Btu /jam.ft2 oF
UD hitung = #REF! Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF) Memenuhi
Nilai RD ketetapan minimal sebesar = 0.00256 (jam)(ft2)(oF)/Btu

RD hitung = #NAME? (jam)(ft2)(oF)/Btu ---> sebesar ### Memenuhi
EVALUASI PRESSURE DROP
Annulus : Fluida Dingin Pipe : Steam
1. Menentukan Nre dan Friksi 1. Menentukan Nre dan Friksi
De' untuk pressure drop berbeda Untuk Nre = #REF! didapat :
dari De untuk perpindahan panas 0.264

f = 0.0035 +
De' = ( D2 - D 1 ) (pers.6.4 Kern) Nre 0.4
= 0.20575 - 0.138333 0.264

= 0.0035 +
= 0.06742 ft #REF! 0.4
C-399
Nre = De'. Gan / µ = #REF!
= 0.06742 3335785 / ### s = 1 (Tabel.6 Kern)
= ###
ρ = 62.5 x 1
0.264 = 62.5
f = 0.0035 +
Nre 0.4
0.264 2. Menentukan ∆P karena panjang pipa

= 0.0035 +
#NAME? 0.4 4 x f x Gp2 x L
DPl =
= ### 2 x g x ρ2 x di
s = ### (Tabel.6 Kern) #REF!

=
ρ = 62.5 x #NAME? 375546875000
= ### = #REF!
2. Menentukan ∆P karena panjang pipa DPl < 2 Psi ---->> Memenuhi
4 x f x Gan2 x L
DPl =
2 x g x ρ2 x de
#NAME?
=
#NAME?
= ###
G
v =
3600 ρ
3335785.49
=
3600 x #NAME?
= ### ft/s
C-400
v2
DPn = n
2 . g'

#NAME? 2
= 2
2 x 32.2
= ###
∆Pan = (∆Pn + ∆Pl) x ρ/144
= ### psi
Dpan < 10 Psi ---->> Memenuhi
RESUME
Nama alat : Reboiler
Kode : V-314
Fungsi : Menguapkan campuran Air pada bottom Menara Distilasi
dari suhu -93.82 o

C ke 77.26 o
C
Jumlah : 1 buah
Jenis : Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Bahan konstruksi : Annulus = Carbon steel , untuk bottom product
Pipe = Cast iron , untuk steam
Media pemanas : Steam, 450 oC
Bagian annulus (2 1/2 in IPS) Bagian pipe (1 1/4 in IPS)
OD = 0.20575 ft OD = 0.13833 ft
ID = 0.13833 ft ID = 0.115 ft
a an = 0.01821 ft2 ap = 0.01038 ft2
L = 24 ft L = 24 ft
C-401
C.17 POMPA REBOILER (L-315)
Fungsi : Mengalirkan hasil bawah Menara Distilasi ke WWT
Suhu : 77.26 o
C
: 350.41 K
Tekanan : 1 atm
Komponen laju alir (kg/jam) xi ρ (kg/m3) ρ mix μ (cP) μmix (cP)
Etilen 18.9434 0.000688 161.07 0.1107 0.49063 0.000337
Etanol 564.9738 0.020505 642.068 13.166 0.7235 0.014836
Air 26,968.7993 0.978807 989.675 968.7016 0.46745 0.457543
Total 27,552.72 1.0000 981.98 0.472716
16.8731 lb/s
μmix = 0.00047 kg/m s ρmix = 61.0683 lb/ft3
1.14397 lb/ft.h
0.00032 lb/ft.s

C-402
massa
Kecepatan Volumetrik = = 28.0584 m3/jam
r
= 0.2752 cuft/s
= 123.5368 gpm
Di opt = 3,9 × Qf 0,45 × ρ 0,13 (persamaan 45, Peters hal.365) , dimana :

r = density fluida, lb/ft3 , maka :
Di opt = 3,9 × Qf 0,45 × ρ 0,13 = 3.72471 in
D nom = 1 1/4 in = 0.104 ft
ID = 1.38 in = 0.1150 ft
OD = 1.66 in = 0.13833 ft
A = 0.0104 ft2
Sch = 40
berikut : Dimana :
Q V = kecepatan linier aliran fluida, ft/s

V=
C-403
V=
A Qf = laju alir volumetric, ft3/s
V = 26.4656 ft/s
ID x v x ρ
Nre =
μ
Elbow 90 °C 1 30 3.45
Coupling 5 2 1.15
Total 7.59
Asumsi : Panjang pipa lurus 60 ft = 18.288 m
∑L = 68 ft
ε/D = 0.00131 , f = 0.0062
energi yang hilang akibat gesekan adalah sebagai berikut:

C-404
f x v2 x ∑L
F=
2 x D x gc x α
= 39.6646 lbmft/lbf

Z2 = 5 ft ; Z1 = 0 ft
∆Z∙g/gc = (Z2 - Z1) = 5 ft
P2
V2 = V1 x
P1
Dimana :
V2 = kecepatan aliran bottom produk menuju WWT
V1 = kecepatan bottom produk masuk
P2 = 1.000 atm ; P1 = 1.000 atm

V2 = 26.4656 ft/ds
ΔV2
= 0.41096
2 x α x gc
ΔV2 g ΔP
-Wf = + Δz + + ∑F
2 x α x gc gc P
Dimana :
C-405

P1 = 1.000 atm = 2116 lbf/ft2
P2 = 1.000 atm = 2116 lbf/ft2
ΔP = 0 lbf/ft2
maka :
m(-Wf)
BHP =
550 x η
untuk, Qf = 123.5368 gpm
BHP = 0.8300 HP
BHP
sehingga power pompa yang diperlukan =
η motor
= 1.0375 Hp

C-406
RESUME
Nama : Pompa Reboiler
Kode alat : L-315
Fungsi : Mengalirkan hasil bawah Menara Distilasi ke WWT
Jumlah : 1 buah
Kapasitas : 123.5368 gpm
Power motor : 1 HP
Pipa yang digunakan
▫ OD = 1.66 in
▫ ID = 1.38 in
▫ Sch. No. = 40

C-407
C.18 TANGKI PENYIMPANAN ETILEN (F-320)
LI
FIC
F-320
Fungsi : Untuk menyimpan produk Etilen
Bentuk : Tangki spherical
Bahan : Carbon steel, SA-283 Grade C
Jumlah : 1 unit
Lama Penyimpanan : 30 hari

C-408
Kondisi Operasi :
- Temperatur (T) = -93.82 °C = 179.332 K
- Tekanan (P) = 1 atm
Tujuan : 1. Menentukan tipe tangki
2. Menentukan bahan konstruksi tangki
3. Menghitung dimensi utama tangki, meliputi :
a. Menentukan volume, diameter dan tinggi tangki
b. Menghitung tebal tangki
c. Menghitung kebutuhan penyangga tangki
Langkah Perencanaan :
a. Menentukan Tipe Tangki
Tangki dipilih dengan bentuk spherical atau tangki berbentuk bola dengan banyak
penyangga. Adapun pertimbangan pemilihan tipe tangki ini adalah sebagai berikut :
( Ulrich, 1984)
1. Tipe tangki ini cocok untuk Etilen yang merupakan liquid yang mudah menguap
2. Tipe tangki ini cocok untuk Etilen liquid yang mudah terbakar dengan flash point
kurang dari 100°F.
3. Tangki jenis ini mengurangi resiko terjadinya kebakaran.
b. Menentukan Bahan Konstruksi Tangki
Bahan konstuksi yang dipilih adalah carbon steel, SA-283 Grade C dengan
pertimbangan :
C-409
1. Kriteria bahan yang disimpan tidak mengandung asam tinggi
2. Memiliki batas tekanan yang diijinkan besar
c. Menghitung Kapasitas Tangki
1. Menghitung Massa Produk Etilen
Massa Produk Etilen = 37878.787878788 kg/jam
Diambil waktu penyimpanan 30 hari dengan pertimbangan pengiriman produk tiap
1 bulan sekali, sehingga kapasitas yang disimpan yaitu :
C₂H₄ = 37878.787879 kg/jam . 24 jam/hari . 30 hari
= 27272727.273 kg
2. Menghitung Volume Campuran yang Masuk ke Dalam Tangki
ρ C₂H₄ = 161.06964444 kg/m³
ρ H₂O = 989.67549661 kg/m³
ρ camp = ( ρ C₂H₄ . fraksi mol ) + ( ρ H₂O . fraksi mol )
= ( 161.07 0 )+( 989.675 0.00E+00 )
= 0 + 0
= 0 kg/m³
massa
V =
ρ campuran
27272727.2727273 kg
=
0.0000 kg/m³
= #DIV/0! m³
C-410
Berdasarkan Tabel 4-27 Ulrich, untuk kapasitas penyimpanan dengan tangki
spherical hanya mampu menampung bahan dengan volume maksimum sebesar
15.000 m³ -----------> digunakan 1 unit tangki produk
Faktor Kelonggaran
= 25% (Perry, 1999)
Volume tangki Vt
= ( 1 + 25% ) . Volume Etilen
= 1.25 . #DIV/0! m³
= #DIV/0! m³
= #DIV/0! bbl
d. Menghitung Dimensi Tangki
* Diameter Tangki
Karena tangki berbentuk bola, maka digunakan persamaan berikut :
D = H
4 . π . r3
V =
3
4 . 3,14 . r3
V =
3
12.56 r³
#DIV/0! =
3
C-411
r³ = #DIV/0!
3
r = #DIV/0!
r = #DIV/0! m
D = #DIV/0! m
= #DIV/0! ft
= #DIV/0! in
* Menghitung Tebal Tangki
Pd . D
ts =
( 2 f . E) - (0,2 . Pd) (Peters, Timmerhaus)
Dimana :
ts = Tebal shell
f = Tekanan diijinkan untuk bahan konstruksi Carbon Stell SA-283
Grade C sebesar 12650 Psi
E = Effisiensi pengelasan, dipilih double welded butt joint effisiensi
sebesar 80%
d = Diameter tangki
C = Faktor korosi sebesar 0.125
p = Tekanan design, dengan
P design = Faktor keamanan . P operasi
Jika diambil faktor keamanan 10% maka,
Dimana,
P operasi = 1 atm = 14.7 psi

C-412
P design = 1.1 . 14.7
= 16.17 Psi
sehingga :
Pd x D
ts = + C
(2. f . E) - (0,2 . Pd)
16.17 . #DIV/0!
=
( 2 12650 80% )-( 0.2 16.17 )
= #DIV/0! in
Standarisasi OD
OD = ID + 2 ts
= #DIV/0! + 2 . #DIV/0!
= #DIV/0! in
* Perencanaan Penyangga Tangki
1. Berat Tangki
π (OD² - ID²) x L x P
Wtangki =
4
Dimana :
IDs = diameter dalam tangki
= #DIV/0! in
= #DIV/0! ft
ODs = diameter luar tangki
C-413
= IDs + 2ts (ts = tebal shell)
= #DIV/0! + #DIV/0!
= #DIV/0! ft
L = tinggi tangki
= #DIV/0! ft
ρ = densitas shell
= 0.283 lb/in³
= 489.024 lb/ft³
Sehingga :
3.14 ( #DIV/0! ² - #DIV/0! ² ) #DIV/0! 489.024

Wtangki =
4
= #DIV/0! lb
2. Berat bahan proses (Wbahan)

Wbahan = VG x ρ bahan
Dimana:
VG = volume bahan
= #DIV/0! ft3
ρg = densitas bahan
= 0 lb/ft3
Wbahan = #DIV/0! x 0
C-414
= #DIV/0! lb
Maka berat total (W) :
W = Wtangki + Wbahan
= #DIV/0! + #DIV/0!
= #DIV/0! lb
Untuk berat perlengkapan yang lain seperti baut, flange, nozzle dan lain-lain
serta faktor keselamatan, maka berat tangki spherical untuk perhitungan sistem
penyangga ditambah 25%.

Sehingga: WT = 1.25 W
= 1.25 . #DIV/0!
= #DIV/0! lb
3. Menghitung Leg Support (Kaki Penahan)
Dalam perancangan ini digunakan jenis I beam. Beban yang diterima oleh
penyangga dihitung dengan persamaan 10.76 Brownell & Young :
4 Pw (H - L) ƩW
P = +
n Dbc n
Diketahui :
Tinggi tangki = #DIV/0! ft -----> mendekati 100 ft
Untuk tinggi tangki ≥ 100 ft maka tekanan angin yang digunakan

Pw = 50 Psf (tabel 9.1 Brownell & Young)
W = beban reaktor; lb = #DIV/0! lb
N = jumlah penyangga = 32 buah

C-415
Total Panjang Leg (kaki); H
H = tinggi tangki sampai pondasi + ½ tinggi tangki
H = L + 0,5 HT
Ditetapkan : L = 6 ft
Maka:
H = 6 + #DIV/0!
= #DIV/0! ft
Dbc = 12 ft
4 50 ( #DIV/0! - 6 ) #DIV/0!
P = +
32 . 12 32
= #DIV/0!
Dipilih I beam dengan spesifikasi: (Appendiks G item-2 Brownell & Young)
Ukuran : 12 in (12 x 5 1/4)
Berat : 50 lb/ft
Luas penampang (A) : 14.57 in2
h : 12 in
b : 5.477 in
Dari appendiks.G item-2 Brownell & Young didapat:
l = 301.6 in4
r = 4.55 in
Tekanan yang diterima I beam;, digunakan persamaan 4.21 hal.67 Brownell
l/r = 66.285714286 ---------> l/r diantara 60-200

C-416
P. (1 + (l2/18000.r2)
A hitung =
18000
= #DIV/0! in2
A beam = 14.57 in2
Ternyata A hitung < A beam, maka ukuran I beam bisa digunakan.
RESUME
Nama alat : Tangki Penyimpanan Etilen
Kode alat : F-320
Tipe : Tangki berbentuk bola (spherical tank)
Kondisi Operasi : Tekanan = 1 atm
Temperatur = -93.8 °C
Diameter Luar : #DIV/0! ft
Tinggi Tangki : #DIV/0! ft
Bahan Konstruksi : Carbon steel, SA-283 Grade C
Jumlah Tangki : 1 buah

C-417
sar datar (Flat Bottom) dan

C-418
SA-283 Grade C dengan

C-419
dengan metode optimasi
per satuan luas, diperoleh
ukuran tangki standar yang
olume tangki strandar, maka

C-420
a digunakan persamaan
C-421
aliran recycle agar komposisi

C-422
nd Young hal.90, didapat :

C-423
endah dan hasil campuran
kati dengan kriteria yang
sarkan persamaan berikut :

C-424
C-425
steam hasil pemanasan tidak

C-426
C-427
C-428
am dialirkan dalam pipe

C-429
buah
nding diperlukan. Desain
andar yang ditetapkan untuk :

C-430
an Carbon Steel SA-283

C-431
(hal 164 Kern)

C-432
∆P karena panjang pipa

C-433
∆P total pada bagian tube

C-434
m Zeolit padat sebanyak

C-435
ermal dengan reaksi yang
ngan ASA Standard B36.10

C-436
n ω campuran diperoleh dari

C-437
ulen gas dalam pipa, maka
Zeolit mulai berpengaruh pada

C-438
ung mass velocity sebagai

C-439
l. III halaman 25 sebagai

C-440
nurut Froment & Bischoff

C-441
C-442
k jadi harga k tidak hanya
), namun juga oleh difusi

C-443
l. Dari Levenspiel 2nd ed.,
nya berlaku persamaan :
ari Hill, pers.12.2-4 hal.433

C-444
Wheeler,1950 dalam Smith
s dalam proses perengkahan

C-445
itian "Alternatif Sintesis

C-446
C-447
C-448
de.10, dengan pertimbangan

C-449
C-450
ad yaitu persamaan 13-12

C-451
a persaman yang berlaku

C-452
lbm/ft.min
C-453
lbm/ft.min
C-454
lbm/ft.min
C-455
lubang nozzle disimpulkan
a tutup bejana dihubungkan

C-456
C-457
ownell & Young, p.242)
bolt circle ( hG ) adalah :

C-458
ownell & Young, p.242)

C-459
ka total berat tutup atas dan

C-460
persamaan pada ruas kanan

C-461
C-462
olom penyangga di pondasi

C-463
vertikal berat total kolom,

C-464
an Carbon Steel SA-283

C-465
Btu/ft jam
C-466
∆P karena panjang pipa
∆P total pada bagian tube

C-467
C-468
C-469
C-470
C-471
ng Dp karena tube passes

C-472
C-473
gga bisa digunakan fluida

C-474
ndensor dari 0,9161 atm

C-475
mpunyai titik didih dibawah

C-476
dan konstruksi sederhana
A dengan pertimbangan:
C-477
C-478
C-479
C-480
C-481
C-482
C-483
C-484
C-485
C-486
C-487
C-488
C-489
C-490
C-491
C-492
C-493
C-494
C-495
C-496
C-497
C-498
C-499
gunakan pers.15 hal.496

C-500
C-501
C-502
ng Dp karena tube passes
lb/(h)(ft2)
C-503
urnian dari MD pada suhu

C-504
C-505
C-506
C-507
persamaan sebagai berikut :

C-508
steam hasil pemanasan tidak

C-509
ek pada Tabel 6.2 Kern
r dari area pipe, karena area
besar pula sehingga produk

C-510
erlukan. Desain koefisien
yang ditetapkan untuk :

C-511
C-512
C-513
ameter dan tinggi tangki
rbentuk bola dengan banyak
gki ini adalah sebagai berikut :
quid yang mudah menguap
terbakar dengan flash point

C-514
ngan pengiriman produk tiap

C-515
olume maksimum sebesar

C-516
ksi Carbon Stell SA-283
elded butt joint effisiensi

C-517
untuk perhitungan sistem
l 9.1 Brownell & Young)

Komponen A B C D E BM
Etilen 3.21E+01 -1.48E-02 2.48E-04 -2.38E-07 6.83E-11 28.054
Etanol 2.71E+01 1.11E-01 1.10E-04 -1.51E-07 4.66E-11 46.069
Air 3.39E+01 -8.81E-03 2.99E-05 -1.78E-08 3.69E-12 18.015
1. dX π d2 1
  rA x ε
dZ 4 FAo
Data yang diketahui:
d= 5.25018 cm
Fao= 1509.88303 kmol/jam 0.4194119532 kmol/s
ε= 0.36
2. dT

 πd 
4
2
rA ΔHR
dZ ΣFi Cpi
data yang diketahui:
ΔHr = 7,592.8952 kJ/kmol
d = 5.25018 cm
3. dP fK ft 2  1  ε 
  
ρf dZ Dp ρg gc  ε 3 
dimana :
 1 ε 
fK  1,75  150  
 Dp G/μ 
maka :
dP 150 μ G (1  ε) 2
  1,75 G
dZ ρ gc Dp 2 ε 3
Data yang diketahui :
µ gas= 0.00016 g/cm det
G = 0.21540 g/cm2 det
ε = 0.36000
ρ = 0.75973 kg/m3 0.0007597279 g/cm3
gc = 980.66500 cm/s2
Dp = 0.38000 cm
Fk = 1.94E+00
Ft = 0.4194119532 kmol/s
4. dTs Ud π Odt Nt (T  Ts)


dZ Ws Cps
data yang diketahui :
Ud = 0.74342 Btu/jam ft F
Odt= 6.0325 cm = 0.1979 ft
Nt = 3897 Buah
Ws = 0.00 kg/jam = 0.00 lb/jam
Cps= 0.50196 Btu/lb oF
R = 1.987 cal/mol K,
P = 101.325 Kpa
ΔZ = 0.5 cm
5. (1 - Xa) Pt
-ra =k. .
(40,27  0,958 Xa) RT
1
6.
0,57 3

7,6428 . 10 -4 . T  (2001,05  7,62682 R.T)
0,00446 . e R.T
1
0,57 3

7,6428 . 10 -4 . T  (2001,05  7,62682 R.T)
0,00446 . e R.T
7. Ts = Tso + ΔTs
8. Cp = A + BT + CT2 + DT3 + ET4
z (cm) x T (K) Tp (K) P (atm) Ko ra, kmol/cm3 s Cpi Etanol
0 0.0000 696.1500 723.1500 1.0000 0.033717 1.4657028E-05 117.6828
0.5 0.0001 696.149994681 #DIV/0! 0.9917 0.033717 1.4533704E-05 117.6828
1 0.0003 696.149989406 #DIV/0! 0.9834 0.033717 1.441043E-05 117.6828
1.5 0.0004 696.149984176 #DIV/0! 0.9752 0.033717 1.4287207E-05 117.6828
2 0.0005 696.149978991 #DIV/0! 0.9669 0.033717 1.4164033E-05 117.6828
2.5 0.0007 696.149973851 #DIV/0! 0.9586 0.033717 1.4040909E-05 117.6828
3 0.0008 696.149968755 #DIV/0! 0.9503 0.033717 1.3917834E-05 117.6828
3.5 0.0009 696.149963704 #DIV/0! 0.9421 0.033717 1.3794807E-05 117.6828
4 0.0011 696.149958697 #DIV/0! 0.9338 0.033717 1.3671829E-05 117.6828
4.5 0.0012 696.149953735 #DIV/0! 0.9255 0.033717 1.3548898E-05 117.6828
5 0.0013 696.149948818 #DIV/0! 0.9172 0.033717 1.3426014E-05 117.6828
5.5 0.0014 696.149943945 #DIV/0! 0.9090 0.033717 1.3303178E-05 117.6828
6 0.0016 696.149939117 #DIV/0! 0.9007 0.033717 1.3180387E-05 117.6828
6.5 0.0017 696.149934334 #DIV/0! 0.8924 0.033717 1.3057643E-05 117.6828
7 0.0018 696.149929595 #DIV/0! 0.8841 0.033717 1.2934944E-05 117.6828
7.5 0.0019 696.1499249 #DIV/0! 0.8759 0.033717 1.281229E-05 117.6828
8 0.0020 696.14992025 #DIV/0! 0.8676 0.033717 1.2689681E-05 117.6828
8.5 0.0022 696.149915645 #DIV/0! 0.8593 0.033717 1.2567117E-05 117.6828
9 0.0023 696.149911083 #DIV/0! 0.8510 0.033717 1.2444595E-05 117.6828
9.5 0.0024 696.149906567 #DIV/0! 0.8428 0.033717 1.2322118E-05 117.6828
10 0.0025 696.149902095 #DIV/0! 0.8345 0.033717 1.2199683E-05 117.6828

10.5 0.0026 696.149897667 #DIV/0! 0.8262 0.033717 1.2077291E-05 117.6828
11 0.0027 696.149893284 #DIV/0! 0.8179 0.033717 1.1954941E-05 117.6828
11.5 0.0028 696.149888945 #DIV/0! 0.8097 0.033717 1.1832632E-05 117.6828
12 0.0030 696.14988465 #DIV/0! 0.8014 0.033717 1.1710365E-05 117.6828
12.5 0.0031 696.1498804 #DIV/0! 0.7931 0.033717 1.1588139E-05 117.6828
13 0.0032 696.149876194 #DIV/0! 0.7848 0.033717 1.1465953E-05 117.6828
13.5 0.0033 696.149872032 #DIV/0! 0.7766 0.033717 1.1343807E-05 117.6828
14 0.0034 696.149867915 #DIV/0! 0.7683 0.033717 1.12217E-05 117.6828
14.5 0.0035 696.149863842 #DIV/0! 0.7600 0.033717 1.1099633E-05 117.6828
15 0.0036 696.149859814 #DIV/0! 0.7517 0.033717 1.0977604E-05 117.6828
15.5 0.0037 696.149855829 #DIV/0! 0.7434 0.033717 1.0855613E-05 117.6828
16 0.0038 696.149851889 #DIV/0! 0.7352 0.033717 1.073366E-05 117.6828
16.5 0.0039 696.149847994 #DIV/0! 0.7269 0.033717 1.0611745E-05 117.6828
17 0.0040 696.149844142 #DIV/0! 0.7186 0.033717 1.0489867E-05 117.6828
17.5 0.0041 696.149840335 #DIV/0! 0.7103 0.033717 1.0368025E-05 117.6828
18 0.0042 696.149836572 #DIV/0! 0.7021 0.033717 1.0246219E-05 117.6828
18.5 0.0043 696.149832853 #DIV/0! 0.6938 0.033717 1.0124449E-05 117.6828
19 0.0044 696.149829178 #DIV/0! 0.6855 0.033717 1.0002714E-05 117.6828
19.5 0.0045 696.149825547 #DIV/0! 0.6772 0.033717 9.8810143E-06 117.6828
20 0.0046 696.149821961 #DIV/0! 0.6690 0.033717 9.7593488E-06 117.6828
20.5 0.0046 696.149818419 #DIV/0! 0.6607 0.033717 9.6377172E-06 117.6828
21 0.0047 696.149814921 #DIV/0! 0.6524 0.033717 9.5161192E-06 117.6828
21.5 0.0048 696.149811467 #DIV/0! 0.6441 0.033717 9.3945544E-06 117.6828
22 0.0049 696.149808057 #DIV/0! 0.6359 0.033717 9.2730222E-06 117.6828
22.5 0.0050 696.149804691 #DIV/0! 0.6276 0.033717 9.1515224E-06 117.6828
23 0.0051 696.149801369 #DIV/0! 0.6193 0.033717 9.0300544E-06 117.6828
23.5 0.0052 696.149798092 #DIV/0! 0.6110 0.033717 8.9086179E-06 117.6828

24 0.0052 696.149794858 #DIV/0! 0.6028 0.033717 8.7872123E-06 117.6828
24.5 0.0053 696.149791669 #DIV/0! 0.5945 0.033717 8.6658374E-06 117.6828
25 0.0054 696.149788524 #DIV/0! 0.5862 0.033717 8.5444927E-06 117.6828
25.5 0.0055 696.149785422 #DIV/0! 0.5779 0.033717 8.4231777E-06 117.6828
26 0.0056 696.149782365 #DIV/0! 0.5697 0.033717 8.301892E-06 117.6828
26.5 0.0056 696.149779352 #DIV/0! 0.5614 0.033717 8.1806353E-06 117.6828
27 0.0057 696.149776382 #DIV/0! 0.5531 0.033717 8.0594071E-06 117.6828
27.5 0.0058 696.149773457 #DIV/0! 0.5448 0.033717 7.9382069E-06 117.6828
28 0.0059 696.149770576 #DIV/0! 0.5366 0.033717 7.8170343E-06 117.6828
28.5 0.0059 696.149767738 #DIV/0! 0.5283 0.033717 7.695889E-06 117.6828
29 0.0060 696.149764945 #DIV/0! 0.5200 0.033717 7.5747705E-06 117.6828
29.5 0.0061 696.149762195 #DIV/0! 0.5117 0.033717 7.4536783E-06 117.6828
30 0.0062 696.14975949 #DIV/0! 0.5035 0.033717 7.3326122E-06 117.6828
30.5 0.0062 696.149756828 #DIV/0! 0.4952 0.033717 7.2115715E-06 117.6828
31 0.0063 696.149754211 #DIV/0! 0.4869 0.033717 7.090556E-06 117.6828
31.5 0.0064 696.149751637 #DIV/0! 0.4786 0.033717 6.9695652E-06 117.6828
32 0.0064 696.149749107 #DIV/0! 0.4703 0.033717 6.8485986E-06 117.6828
32.5 0.0065 696.149746622 #DIV/0! 0.4621 0.033717 6.7276559E-06 117.6828
33 0.0065 696.14974418 #DIV/0! 0.4538 0.033717 6.6067367E-06 117.6828
33.5 0.0066 696.149741782 #DIV/0! 0.4455 0.033717 6.4858405E-06 117.6828
34 0.0067 696.149739427 #DIV/0! 0.4372 0.033717 6.3649668E-06 117.6828
34.5 0.0067 696.149737117 #DIV/0! 0.4290 0.033717 6.2441154E-06 117.6828
35 0.0068 696.14973485 #DIV/0! 0.4207 0.033717 6.1232857E-06 117.6828
35.5 0.0068 696.149732628 #DIV/0! 0.4124 0.033717 6.0024773E-06 117.6828
36 0.0069 696.149730449 #DIV/0! 0.4041 0.033717 5.8816899E-06 117.6828
36.5 0.0070 696.149728314 #DIV/0! 0.3959 0.033717 5.7609229E-06 117.6828
37 0.0070 696.149726223 #DIV/0! 0.3876 0.033717 5.6401761E-06 117.6828

37.5 0.0071 696.149724176 #DIV/0! 0.3793 0.033717 5.5194489E-06 117.6828
38 0.0071 696.149722172 #DIV/0! 0.3710 0.033717 5.398741E-06 117.6828
38.5 0.0072 696.149720213 #DIV/0! 0.3628 0.033717 5.2780518E-06 117.6828
39 0.0072 696.149718297 #DIV/0! 0.3545 0.033717 5.1573811E-06 117.6828
39.5 0.0073 696.149716425 #DIV/0! 0.3462 0.033717 5.0367284E-06 117.6828
40 0.0073 696.149714597 #DIV/0! 0.3379 0.033717 4.9160933E-06 117.6828
40.5 0.0073 696.149712812 #DIV/0! 0.3297 0.033717 4.7954753E-06 117.6828
41 0.0074 696.149711072 #DIV/0! 0.3214 0.033717 4.674874E-06 117.6828
41.5 0.0074 696.149709375 #DIV/0! 0.3131 0.033717 4.554289E-06 117.6828
42 0.0075 696.149707721 #DIV/0! 0.3048 0.033717 4.43372E-06 117.6828
42.5 0.0075 696.149706112 #DIV/0! 0.2966 0.033717 4.3131664E-06 117.6828
43 0.0076 696.149704546 #DIV/0! 0.2883 0.033717 4.1926279E-06 117.6828
43.5 0.0076 696.149703025 #DIV/0! 0.2800 0.033717 4.0721041E-06 117.6828
44 0.0076 696.149701547 #DIV/0! 0.2717 0.033717 3.9515944E-06 117.6828
44.5 0.0077 696.149700112 #DIV/0! 0.2635 0.033717 3.8310986E-06 117.6828
45 0.0077 696.149698722 #DIV/0! 0.2552 0.033717 3.7106162E-06 117.6828
45.5 0.0077 696.149697375 #DIV/0! 0.2469 0.033717 3.5901468E-06 117.6828
46 0.0078 696.149696071 #DIV/0! 0.2386 0.033717 3.4696899E-06 117.6828
46.5 0.0078 696.149694812 #DIV/0! 0.2303 0.033717 3.3492451E-06 117.6828
47 0.0078 696.149693596 #DIV/0! 0.2221 0.033717 3.2288121E-06 117.6828
47.5 0.0079 696.149692424 #DIV/0! 0.2138 0.033717 3.1083904E-06 117.6828
48 0.0079 696.149691296 #DIV/0! 0.2055 0.033717 2.9879796E-06 117.6828
48.5 0.0079 696.149690211 #DIV/0! 0.1972 0.033717 2.8675792E-06 117.6828
49 0.0080 696.14968917 #DIV/0! 0.1890 0.033717 2.747189E-06 117.6828
49.5 0.0080 696.149688173 #DIV/0! 0.1807 0.033717 2.6268083E-06 117.6828
50 0.0080 696.14968722 #DIV/0! 0.1724 0.033717 2.5064369E-06 117.6828
50.5 0.0080 696.14968631 #DIV/0! 0.1641 0.033717 2.3860743E-06 117.6828

51 0.0080 696.149685444 #DIV/0! 0.1559 0.033717 2.2657201E-06 117.6828
51.5 0.0081 696.149684621 #DIV/0! 0.1476 0.033717 2.1453738E-06 117.6828
52 0.0081 696.149683843 #DIV/0! 0.1393 0.033717 2.0250351E-06 117.6828
52.5 0.0081 696.149683108 #DIV/0! 0.1310 0.033717 1.9047036E-06 117.6828
53 0.0081 696.149682416 #DIV/0! 0.1228 0.033717 1.7843788E-06 117.6828
53.5 0.0081 696.149681768 #DIV/0! 0.1145 0.033717 1.6640603E-06 117.6828
54 0.0082 696.149681164 #DIV/0! 0.1062 0.033717 1.5437477E-06 117.6828
54.5 0.0082 696.149680604 #DIV/0! 0.0979 0.033717 1.4234405E-06 117.6828
55 0.0082 696.149680087 #DIV/0! 0.0897 0.033717 1.3031385E-06 117.6828
55.5 0.0082 696.149679614 #DIV/0! 0.0814 0.033717 1.182841E-06 117.6828
56 0.0082 696.149679185 #DIV/0! 0.0731 0.033717 1.0625478E-06 117.6828
56.5 0.0082 696.149678799 #DIV/0! 0.0648 0.033717 9.4225846E-07 117.6828
57 0.0082 696.149678457 #DIV/0! 0.0566 0.033717 8.2197248E-07 117.6828
57.5 0.0082 696.149678159 #DIV/0! 0.0483 0.033717 7.0168947E-07 117.6828
58 0.0082 696.149677904 #DIV/0! 0.0400 0.033717 5.8140903E-07 117.6828
58.5 0.0082 696.149677693 #DIV/0! 0.0317 0.033717 4.6113075E-07 117.6828
59 0.0083 696.149677526 #DIV/0! 0.0235 0.033717 3.4085419E-07 117.6828
59.5 0.0083 696.149677402 #DIV/0! 0.0152 0.033717 2.2057895E-07 117.6828
60 0.0083 696.149677322 #DIV/0! 0.0069 0.033717 1.0030462E-07 117.6828
60.5 0.0083 696.149677286 #DIV/0! -0.0014 0.033717 -1.996924E-08 117.6828
61 0.0083 696.149677293 #DIV/0! -0.0096 0.033717 -1.40243E-07 117.6828
61.5 0.0083 696.149677344 #DIV/0! -0.0179 0.033717 -2.605171E-07 117.6828
62 0.0083 696.149677438 #DIV/0! -0.0262 0.033717 -3.80792E-07 117.6828
62.5 0.0082 696.149677577 #DIV/0! -0.0345 0.033717 -5.010681E-07 117.6828
63 0.0082 696.149677758 #DIV/0! -0.0428 0.033717 -6.213458E-07 117.6828
63.5 0.0082 696.149677984 #DIV/0! -0.0510 0.033717 -7.416254E-07 117.6828
64 0.0082 696.149678253 #DIV/0! -0.0593 0.033717 -8.619075E-07 117.6828

64.5 0.0082 696.149678566 #DIV/0! -0.0676 0.033717 -9.821925E-07 117.6828
65 0.0082 696.149678923 #DIV/0! -0.0759 0.033717 -1.102481E-06 117.6828
65.5 0.0082 696.149679323 #DIV/0! -0.0841 0.033717 -1.222773E-06 117.6828
66 0.0082 696.149679767 #DIV/0! -0.0924 0.033717 -1.343069E-06 117.6828
66.5 0.0082 696.149680254 #DIV/0! -0.1007 0.033717 -1.463369E-06 117.6828
67 0.0082 696.149680785 #DIV/0! -0.1090 0.033717 -1.583674E-06 117.6828
67.5 0.0082 696.14968136 #DIV/0! -0.1172 0.033717 -1.703985E-06 117.6828
68 0.0081 696.149681979 #DIV/0! -0.1255 0.033717 -1.824302E-06 117.6828
68.5 0.0081 696.149682641 #DIV/0! -0.1338 0.033717 -1.944624E-06 117.6828
69 0.0081 696.149683347 #DIV/0! -0.1421 0.033717 -2.064953E-06 117.6828
69.5 0.0081 696.149684096 #DIV/0! -0.1503 0.033717 -2.18529E-06 117.6828
70 0.0081 696.14968489 #DIV/0! -0.1586 0.033717 -2.305633E-06 117.6828
70.5 0.0080 696.149685726 #DIV/0! -0.1669 0.033717 -2.425985E-06 117.6828
71 0.0080 696.149686607 #DIV/0! -0.1752 0.033717 -2.546345E-06 117.6828
71.5 0.0080 696.149687531 #DIV/0! -0.1834 0.033717 -2.666713E-06 117.6828
72 0.0080 696.149688499 #DIV/0! -0.1917 0.033717 -2.787091E-06 117.6828
72.5 0.0079 696.149689511 #DIV/0! -0.2000 0.033717 -2.907478E-06 117.6828
73 0.0079 696.149690566 #DIV/0! -0.2083 0.033717 -3.027875E-06 117.6828
73.5 0.0079 696.149691665 #DIV/0! -0.2165 0.033717 -3.148282E-06 117.6828
74 0.0079 696.149692808 #DIV/0! -0.2248 0.033717 -3.2687E-06 117.6828
74.5 0.0078 696.149693995 #DIV/0! -0.2331 0.033717 -3.389129E-06 117.6828
75 0.0078 696.149695225 #DIV/0! -0.2414 0.033717 -3.50957E-06 117.6828
75.5 0.0078 696.149696499 #DIV/0! -0.2496 0.033717 -3.630023E-06 117.6828
76 0.0077 696.149697817 #DIV/0! -0.2579 0.033717 -3.750488E-06 117.6828
76.5 0.0077 696.149699178 #DIV/0! -0.2662 0.033717 -3.870966E-06 117.6828
77 0.0077 696.149700583 #DIV/0! -0.2745 0.033717 -3.991457E-06 117.6828
77.5 0.0076 696.149702032 #DIV/0! -0.2828 0.033717 -4.111962E-06 117.6828

78 0.0076 696.149703524 #DIV/0! -0.2910 0.033717 -4.232481E-06 117.6828
78.5 0.0075 696.149705061 #DIV/0! -0.2993 0.033717 -4.353015E-06 117.6828
79 0.0075 696.149706641 #DIV/0! -0.3076 0.033717 -4.473563E-06 117.6828
79.5 0.0075 696.149708265 #DIV/0! -0.3159 0.033717 -4.594127E-06 117.6828
80 0.0074 696.149709932 #DIV/0! -0.3241 0.033717 -4.714706E-06 117.6828
80.5 0.0074 696.149711644 #DIV/0! -0.3324 0.033717 -4.835302E-06 117.6828
81 0.0073 696.149713399 #DIV/0! -0.3407 0.033717 -4.955914E-06 117.6828
81.5 0.0073 696.149715198 #DIV/0! -0.3490 0.033717 -5.076544E-06 117.6828
82 0.0072 696.14971704 #DIV/0! -0.3572 0.033717 -5.197191E-06 117.6828
82.5 0.0072 696.149718927 #DIV/0! -0.3655 0.033717 -5.317855E-06 117.6828
83 0.0071 696.149720857 #DIV/0! -0.3738 0.033717 -5.438538E-06 117.6828
83.5 0.0071 696.149722831 #DIV/0! -0.3821 0.033717 -5.55924E-06 117.6828
84 0.0070 696.149724849 #DIV/0! -0.3903 0.033717 -5.67996E-06 117.6828
84.5 0.0070 696.149726911 #DIV/0! -0.3986 0.033717 -5.800701E-06 117.6828
85 0.0069 696.149729016 #DIV/0! -0.4069 0.033717 -5.921461E-06 117.6828
85.5 0.0069 696.149731166 #DIV/0! -0.4152 0.033717 -6.042241E-06 117.6828
86 0.0068 696.149733359 #DIV/0! -0.4234 0.033717 -6.163042E-06 117.6828
86.5 0.0068 696.149735596 #DIV/0! -0.4317 0.033717 -6.283865E-06 117.6828
87 0.0067 696.149737877 #DIV/0! -0.4400 0.033717 -6.404709E-06 117.6828
87.5 0.0066 696.149740202 #DIV/0! -0.4483 0.033717 -6.525575E-06 117.6828
88 0.0066 696.14974257 #DIV/0! -0.4565 0.033717 -6.646464E-06 117.6828
88.5 0.0065 696.149744983 #DIV/0! -0.4648 0.033717 -6.767375E-06 117.6828
89 0.0065 696.149747439 #DIV/0! -0.4731 0.033717 -6.88831E-06 117.6828
89.5 0.0064 696.149749939 #DIV/0! -0.4814 0.033717 -7.009268E-06 117.6828
90 0.0063 696.149752484 #DIV/0! -0.4896 0.033717 -7.130251E-06 117.6828
90.5 0.0063 696.149755072 #DIV/0! -0.4979 0.033717 -7.251258E-06 117.6828
91 0.0062 696.149757704 #DIV/0! -0.5062 0.033717 -7.37229E-06 117.6828

91.5 0.0061 696.14976038 #DIV/0! -0.5145 0.033717 -7.493348E-06 117.6828
92 0.0061 696.1497631 #DIV/0! -0.5228 0.033717 -7.614431E-06 117.6828
92.5 0.0060 696.149765863 #DIV/0! -0.5310 0.033717 -7.735541E-06 117.6828
93 0.0059 696.149768671 #DIV/0! -0.5393 0.033717 -7.856677E-06 117.6828
93.5 0.0058 696.149771523 #DIV/0! -0.5476 0.033717 -7.97784E-06 117.6828
94 0.0058 696.149774419 #DIV/0! -0.5559 0.033717 -8.099031E-06 117.6828
94.5 0.0057 696.149777358 #DIV/0! -0.5641 0.033717 -8.22025E-06 117.6828
95 0.0056 696.149780342 #DIV/0! -0.5724 0.033717 -8.341497E-06 117.6828
95.5 0.0055 696.14978337 #DIV/0! -0.5807 0.033717 -8.462773E-06 117.6828
96 0.0055 696.149786441 #DIV/0! -0.5890 0.033717 -8.584078E-06 117.6828
96.5 0.0054 696.149789557 #DIV/0! -0.5972 0.033717 -8.705412E-06 117.6828
97 0.0053 696.149792717 #DIV/0! -0.6055 0.033717 -8.826777E-06 117.6828
97.5 0.0052 696.149795921 #DIV/0! -0.6138 0.033717 -8.948172E-06 117.6828
98 0.0051 696.149799169 #DIV/0! -0.6221 0.033717 -9.069598E-06 117.6828
98.5 0.0051 696.14980246 #DIV/0! -0.6303 0.033717 -9.191055E-06 117.6828
99 0.0050 696.149805796 #DIV/0! -0.6386 0.033717 -9.312545E-06 117.6828
99.5 0.0049 696.149809177 #DIV/0! -0.6469 0.033717 -9.434066E-06 117.6828
100 0.0048 696.149812601 #DIV/0! -0.6552 0.033717 -9.555619E-06 117.6828
100.5 0.0047 696.149816069 #DIV/0! -0.6634 0.033717 -9.677206E-06 117.6828
101 0.0046 696.149819582 #DIV/0! -0.6717 0.033717 -9.798826E-06 117.6828
101.5 0.0045 696.149823138 #DIV/0! -0.6800 0.033717 -9.92048E-06 117.6828
102 0.0044 696.149826739 #DIV/0! -0.6883 0.033717 -1.004217E-05 117.6828
102.5 0.0043 696.149830384 #DIV/0! -0.6965 0.033717 -1.016389E-05 117.6828
103 0.0042 696.149834073 #DIV/0! -0.7048 0.033717 -1.028565E-05 117.6828
103.5 0.0042 696.149837806 #DIV/0! -0.7131 0.033717 -1.040744E-05 117.6828
104 0.0041 696.149841583 #DIV/0! -0.7214 0.033717 -1.052927E-05 117.6828
104.5 0.0040 696.149845405 #DIV/0! -0.7296 0.033717 -1.065114E-05 117.6828

105 0.0039 696.149849271 #DIV/0! -0.7379 0.033717 -1.077304E-05 117.6828
105.5 0.0038 696.149853181 #DIV/0! -0.7462 0.033717 -1.089498E-05 117.6828
106 0.0037 696.149857135 #DIV/0! -0.7545 0.033717 -1.101696E-05 117.6828
106.5 0.0036 696.149861134 #DIV/0! -0.7627 0.033717 -1.113897E-05 117.6828
107 0.0034 696.149865177 #DIV/0! -0.7710 0.033717 -1.126103E-05 117.6828
107.5 0.0033 696.149869264 #DIV/0! -0.7793 0.033717 -1.138312E-05 117.6828
108 0.0032 696.149873395 #DIV/0! -0.7876 0.033717 -1.150525E-05 117.6828
108.5 0.0031 696.149877571 #DIV/0! -0.7959 0.033717 -1.162743E-05 117.6828
109 0.0030 696.149881791 #DIV/0! -0.8041 0.033717 -1.174964E-05 117.6828
109.5 0.0029 696.149886056 #DIV/0! -0.8124 0.033717 -1.187189E-05 117.6828
110 0.0028 696.149890365 #DIV/0! -0.8207 0.033717 -1.199419E-05 117.6828
110.5 0.0027 696.149894718 #DIV/0! -0.8290 0.033717 -1.211652E-05 117.6828
111 0.0026 696.149899115 #DIV/0! -0.8372 0.033717 -1.22389E-05 117.6828
111.5 0.0025 696.149903557 #DIV/0! -0.8455 0.033717 -1.236132E-05 117.6828
112 0.0024 696.149908044 #DIV/0! -0.8538 0.033717 -1.248378E-05 117.6828
112.5 0.0022 696.149912575 #DIV/0! -0.8621 0.033717 -1.260629E-05 117.6828
113 0.0021 696.14991715 #DIV/0! -0.8703 0.033717 -1.272884E-05 117.6828
113.5 0.0020 696.14992177 #DIV/0! -0.8786 0.033717 -1.285143E-05 117.6828
114 0.0019 696.149926434 #DIV/0! -0.8869 0.033717 -1.297407E-05 117.6828
114.5 0.0018 696.149931143 #DIV/0! -0.8952 0.033717 -1.309676E-05 117.6828
115 0.0016 696.149935896 #DIV/0! -0.9034 0.033717 -1.321948E-05 117.6828
115.5 0.0015 696.149940694 #DIV/0! -0.9117 0.033717 -1.334226E-05 117.6828
116 0.0014 696.149945536 #DIV/0! -0.9200 0.033717 -1.346508E-05 117.6828
116.5 0.0013 696.149950423 #DIV/0! -0.9283 0.033717 -1.358795E-05 117.6828
117 0.0011 696.149955355 #DIV/0! -0.9365 0.033717 -1.371086E-05 117.6828
117.5 0.0010 696.149960331 #DIV/0! -0.9448 0.033717 -1.383382E-05 117.6828
118 0.0009 696.149965351 #DIV/0! -0.9531 0.033717 -1.395683E-05 117.6828

118.5 0.0008 696.149970417 #DIV/0! -0.9614 0.033717 -1.407989E-05 117.6828
119 0.0006 696.149975526 #DIV/0! -0.9696 0.033717 -1.4203E-05 117.6828
119.5 0.0005 696.149980681 #DIV/0! -0.9779 0.033717 -1.432616E-05 117.6828
120 0.0004 696.14998588 #DIV/0! -0.9862 0.033717 -1.444936E-05 117.6828
120.5 0.0002 696.149991124 #DIV/0! -0.9945 0.033717 -1.457262E-05 117.6828
121 0.0001 696.149996413 #DIV/0! -1.0027 0.033717 -1.469593E-05 117.6828
121.5 0.0000 696.150001746 #DIV/0! -1.0110 0.033717 -1.481928E-05 117.6828
122 -0.0002 696.150007125 #DIV/0! -1.0193 0.033717 -1.494269E-05 117.6828
122.5 -0.0003 696.150012548 #DIV/0! -1.0276 0.033717 -1.506615E-05 117.6828
123 -0.0005 696.150018015 #DIV/0! -1.0359 0.033717 -1.518967E-05 117.6828
123.5 -0.0006 696.150023528 #DIV/0! -1.0441 0.033717 -1.531323E-05 117.6828
124 -0.0007 696.150029085 #DIV/0! -1.0524 0.033717 -1.543685E-05 117.6828
124.5 -0.0009 696.150034687 #DIV/0! -1.0607 0.033717 -1.556053E-05 117.6828
125 -0.0010 696.150040335 #DIV/0! -1.0690 0.033717 -1.568425E-05 117.6828
125.5 -0.0012 696.150046027 #DIV/0! -1.0772 0.033717 -1.580803E-05 117.6828
126 -0.0013 696.150051763 #DIV/0! -1.0855 0.033717 -1.593187E-05 117.6828
126.5 -0.0015 696.150057545 #DIV/0! -1.0938 0.033717 -1.605576E-05 117.6828
127 -0.0016 696.150063372 #DIV/0! -1.1021 0.033717 -1.617971E-05 117.6828
127.5 -0.0018 696.150069244 #DIV/0! -1.1103 0.033717 -1.630371E-05 117.6828
128 -0.0019 696.15007516 #DIV/0! -1.1186 0.033717 -1.642778E-05 117.6828
128.5 -0.0021 696.150081122 #DIV/0! -1.1269 0.033717 -1.655189E-05 117.6828
129 -0.0022 696.150087129 #DIV/0! -1.1352 0.033717 -1.667607E-05 117.6828
129.5 -0.0024 696.15009318 #DIV/0! -1.1434 0.033717 -1.68003E-05 117.6828
130 -0.0025 696.150099277 #DIV/0! -1.1517 0.033717 -1.692459E-05 117.6828
130.5 -0.0027 696.150105419 #DIV/0! -1.1600 0.033717 -1.704894E-05 117.6828
131 -0.0029 696.150111606 #DIV/0! -1.1683 0.033717 -1.717335E-05 117.6828
131.5 -0.0030 696.150117838 #DIV/0! -1.1765 0.033717 -1.729782E-05 117.6828

132 -0.0032 696.150124115 #DIV/0! -1.1848 0.033717 -1.742235E-05 117.6828
132.5 -0.0033 696.150130438 #DIV/0! -1.1931 0.033717 -1.754694E-05 117.6828
133 -0.0035 696.150136805 #DIV/0! -1.2014 0.033717 -1.767159E-05 117.6828
133.5 -0.0037 696.150143218 #DIV/0! -1.2096 0.033717 -1.779631E-05 117.6828
134 -0.0038 696.150149676 #DIV/0! -1.2179 0.033717 -1.792108E-05 117.6828
134.5 -0.0040 696.150156179 #DIV/0! -1.2262 0.033717 -1.804592E-05 117.6828
135 -0.0042 696.150162728 #DIV/0! -1.2345 0.033717 -1.817082E-05 117.6828
135.5 -0.0043 696.150169322 #DIV/0! -1.2427 0.033717 -1.829578E-05 117.6828
136 -0.0045 696.150175961 #DIV/0! -1.2510 0.033717 -1.842081E-05 117.6828
136.5 -0.0047 696.150182646 #DIV/0! -1.2593 0.033717 -1.85459E-05 117.6828
137 -0.0048 696.150189375 #DIV/0! -1.2676 0.033717 -1.867106E-05 117.6828
137.5 -0.0050 696.150196151 #DIV/0! -1.2759 0.033717 -1.879628E-05 117.6828
138 -0.0052 696.150202971 #DIV/0! -1.2841 0.033717 -1.892156E-05 117.6828
138.5 -0.0054 696.150209837 #DIV/0! -1.2924 0.033717 -1.904692E-05 117.6828
139 -0.0055 696.150216749 #DIV/0! -1.3007 0.033717 -1.917234E-05 117.6828
139.5 -0.0057 696.150223706 #DIV/0! -1.3090 0.033717 -1.929782E-05 117.6828
140 -0.0059 696.150230709 #DIV/0! -1.3172 0.033717 -1.942337E-05 117.6828
140.5 -0.0061 696.150237757 #DIV/0! -1.3255 0.033717 -1.954899E-05 117.6828
141 -0.0063 696.15024485 #DIV/0! -1.3338 0.033717 -1.967468E-05 117.6828
141.5 -0.0064 696.15025199 #DIV/0! -1.3421 0.033717 -1.980044E-05 117.6828
142 -0.0066 696.150259174 #DIV/0! -1.3503 0.033717 -1.992627E-05 117.6828
142.5 -0.0068 696.150266405 #DIV/0! -1.3586 0.033717 -2.005216E-05 117.6828
143 -0.0070 696.150273681 #DIV/0! -1.3669 0.033717 -2.017813E-05 117.6828
143.5 -0.0072 696.150281003 #DIV/0! -1.3752 0.033717 -2.030417E-05 117.6828
144 -0.0074 696.15028837 #DIV/0! -1.3834 0.033717 -2.043027E-05 117.6828
144.5 -0.0076 696.150295783 #DIV/0! -1.3917 0.033717 -2.055645E-05 117.6828
145 -0.0078 696.150303242 #DIV/0! -1.4000 0.033717 -2.06827E-05 117.6828

145.5 -0.0080 696.150310747 #DIV/0! -1.4083 0.033717 -2.080903E-05 117.6828
146 -0.0081 696.150318298 #DIV/0! -1.4165 0.033717 -2.093542E-05 117.6828
146.5 -0.0083 696.150325894 #DIV/0! -1.4248 0.033717 -2.106189E-05 117.6828
147 -0.0085 696.150333536 #DIV/0! -1.4331 0.033717 -2.118843E-05 117.6828
147.5 -0.0087 696.150341224 #DIV/0! -1.4414 0.033717 -2.131505E-05 117.6828
148 -0.0089 696.150348958 #DIV/0! -1.4496 0.033717 -2.144174E-05 117.6828
148.5 -0.0091 696.150356738 #DIV/0! -1.4579 0.033717 -2.156851E-05 117.6828
149 -0.0093 696.150364564 #DIV/0! -1.4662 0.033717 -2.169535E-05 117.6828
149.5 -0.0095 696.150372436 #DIV/0! -1.4745 0.033717 -2.182227E-05 117.6828
150 -0.0097 696.150380354 #DIV/0! -1.4827 0.033717 -2.194926E-05 117.6828
150.5 -0.0099 696.150388318 #DIV/0! -1.4910 0.033717 -2.207633E-05 117.6828
151 -0.0101 696.150396328 #DIV/0! -1.4993 0.033717 -2.220348E-05 117.6828
151.5 -0.0103 696.150404384 #DIV/0! -1.5076 0.033717 -2.23307E-05 117.6828
152 -0.0106 696.150412486 #DIV/0! -1.5158 0.033717 -2.245801E-05 117.6829
152.5 -0.0108 696.150420634 #DIV/0! -1.5241 0.033717 -2.258539E-05 117.6829
153 -0.0110 696.150428829 #DIV/0! -1.5324 0.033717 -2.271285E-05 117.6829
153.5 -0.0112 696.15043707 #DIV/0! -1.5407 0.033717 -2.284039E-05 117.6829
154 -0.0114 696.150445357 #DIV/0! -1.5490 0.033717 -2.296801E-05 117.6829
154.5 -0.0116 696.15045369 #DIV/0! -1.5572 0.033717 -2.309571E-05 117.6829
155 -0.0118 696.150462069 #DIV/0! -1.5655 0.033717 -2.32235E-05 117.6829
155.5 -0.0120 696.150470495 #DIV/0! -1.5738 0.033717 -2.335136E-05 117.6829
156 -0.0123 696.150478967 #DIV/0! -1.5821 0.033717 -2.34793E-05 117.6829
156.5 -0.0125 696.150487486 #DIV/0! -1.5903 0.033717 -2.360733E-05 117.6829
157 -0.0127 696.150496051 #DIV/0! -1.5986 0.033717 -2.373544E-05 117.6829
157.5 -0.0129 696.150504662 #DIV/0! -1.6069 0.033717 -2.386364E-05 117.6829
158 -0.0131 696.15051332 #DIV/0! -1.6152 0.033717 -2.399191E-05 117.6829
158.5 -0.0134 696.150522024 #DIV/0! -1.6234 0.033717 -2.412028E-05 117.6829

159 -0.0136 696.150530775 #DIV/0! -1.6317 0.033717 -2.424872E-05 117.6829
159.5 -0.0138 696.150539573 #DIV/0! -1.6400 0.033717 -2.437725E-05 117.6829
160 -0.0140 696.150548417 #DIV/0! -1.6483 0.033717 -2.450587E-05 117.6829
160.5 -0.0143 696.150557307 #DIV/0! -1.6565 0.033717 -2.463457E-05 117.6829
161 -0.0145 696.150566245 #DIV/0! -1.6648 0.033717 -2.476336E-05 117.6829
161.5 -0.0147 696.150575229 #DIV/0! -1.6731 0.033717 -2.489224E-05 117.6829
162 -0.0150 696.150584259 #DIV/0! -1.6814 0.033717 -2.50212E-05 117.6829
162.5 -0.0152 696.150593337 #DIV/0! -1.6896 0.033717 -2.515025E-05 117.6829
163 -0.0154 696.150602461 #DIV/0! -1.6979 0.033717 -2.527939E-05 117.6829
163.5 -0.0157 696.150611632 #DIV/0! -1.7062 0.033717 -2.540862E-05 117.6829
164 -0.0159 696.150620849 #DIV/0! -1.7145 0.033717 -2.553794E-05 117.6829
164.5 -0.0161 696.150630114 #DIV/0! -1.7227 0.033717 -2.566735E-05 117.6829
165 -0.0164 696.150639426 #DIV/0! -1.7310 0.033717 -2.579685E-05 117.6829
165.5 -0.0166 696.150648784 #DIV/0! -1.7393 0.033717 -2.592644E-05 117.6829
166 -0.0168 696.150658189 #DIV/0! -1.7476 0.033717 -2.605612E-05 117.6829
166.5 -0.0171 696.150667642 #DIV/0! -1.7558 0.033717 -2.618589E-05 117.6829
167 -0.0173 696.150677141 #DIV/0! -1.7641 0.033717 -2.631575E-05 117.6829
167.5 -0.0176 696.150686688 #DIV/0! -1.7724 0.033717 -2.644571E-05 117.6829
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168.5 -0.0181 696.150705922 #DIV/0! -1.7890 0.033717 -2.67059E-05 117.6829
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176.5 -0.0222 696.150866609 #DIV/0! -1.9214 0.033717 -2.880131E-05 117.6829
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177.5 -0.0227 696.15088755 #DIV/0! -1.9379 0.033717 -2.906503E-05 117.6829
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178.5 -0.0233 696.150908683 #DIV/0! -1.9545 0.033717 -2.932916E-05 117.6829
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180.5 -0.0244 696.150951523 #DIV/0! -1.9876 0.033717 -2.985866E-05 117.6829
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181.5 -0.0249 696.150973231 #DIV/0! -2.0041 0.033717 -3.012405E-05 117.6829
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185.5 -0.0272 696.151061988 #DIV/0! -2.0703 0.033717 -3.118989E-05 117.6829

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186.5 -0.0278 696.151084661 #DIV/0! -2.0869 0.033717 -3.145744E-05 117.6829
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187.5 -0.0283 696.151107527 #DIV/0! -2.1034 0.033717 -3.172544E-05 117.6829
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190.5 -0.0301 696.151177291 #DIV/0! -2.1531 0.033717 -3.253217E-05 117.6829
191 -0.0304 696.151189089 #DIV/0! -2.1614 0.033717 -3.266703E-05 117.6829
191.5 -0.0307 696.151200936 #DIV/0! -2.1696 0.033717 -3.2802E-05 117.6829
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192.5 -0.0314 696.151224776 #DIV/0! -2.1862 0.033717 -3.307229E-05 117.6829
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193.5 -0.0320 696.151248812 #DIV/0! -2.2027 0.033717 -3.334306E-05 117.6829
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195.5 -0.0332 696.151297473 #DIV/0! -2.2358 0.033717 -3.388602E-05 117.6829
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198.5 -0.0351 696.15137194 #DIV/0! -2.2855 0.033717 -3.470408E-05 117.6830
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200.5 -0.0364 696.151422574 #DIV/0! -2.3186 0.033717 -3.525193E-05 117.6830
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203.5 -0.0384 696.151500014 #DIV/0! -2.3683 0.033717 -3.607749E-05 117.6830
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204.5 -0.0391 696.151526226 #DIV/0! -2.3848 0.033717 -3.63537E-05 117.6830
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205.5 -0.0397 696.151552638 #DIV/0! -2.4014 0.033717 -3.663043E-05 117.6830
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206.5 -0.0404 696.15157925 #DIV/0! -2.4179 0.033717 -3.690769E-05 117.6830
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207.5 -0.0411 696.151606063 #DIV/0! -2.4345 0.033717 -3.718548E-05 117.6830
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208.5 -0.0418 696.151633078 #DIV/0! -2.4510 0.033717 -3.746379E-05 117.6830
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209.5 -0.0425 696.151660293 #DIV/0! -2.4676 0.033717 -3.774265E-05 117.6830
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212.5 -0.0446 696.151743153 #DIV/0! -2.5172 0.033717 -3.858248E-05 117.6830

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213.5 -0.0453 696.151771178 #DIV/0! -2.5338 0.033717 -3.886353E-05 117.6830
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214.5 -0.0461 696.151799406 #DIV/0! -2.5503 0.033717 -3.914513E-05 117.6830
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215.5 -0.0468 696.151827839 #DIV/0! -2.5669 0.033717 -3.94273E-05 117.6830
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216.5 -0.0475 696.151856476 #DIV/0! -2.5834 0.033717 -3.971003E-05 117.6830
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217.5 -0.0483 696.151885317 #DIV/0! -2.6000 0.033717 -3.999334E-05 117.6830
218 -0.0486 696.151899814 #DIV/0! -2.6083 0.033717 -4.013521E-05 117.6830
218.5 -0.0490 696.151914363 #DIV/0! -2.6165 0.033717 -4.027722E-05 117.6830
219 -0.0494 696.151928963 #DIV/0! -2.6248 0.033717 -4.041938E-05 117.6830
219.5 -0.0498 696.151943614 #DIV/0! -2.6331 0.033717 -4.056169E-05 117.6830
220 -0.0501 696.151958317 #DIV/0! -2.6414 0.033717 -4.070414E-05 117.6830
220.5 -0.0505 696.151973072 #DIV/0! -2.6496 0.033717 -4.084673E-05 117.6830
221 -0.0509 696.151987878 #DIV/0! -2.6579 0.033717 -4.098948E-05 117.6830
221.5 -0.0513 696.152002735 #DIV/0! -2.6662 0.033717 -4.113237E-05 117.6830
222 -0.0517 696.152017645 #DIV/0! -2.6745 0.033717 -4.127541E-05 117.6830
222.5 -0.0520 696.152032606 #DIV/0! -2.6827 0.033717 -4.14186E-05 117.6830
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223.5 -0.0528 696.152062683 #DIV/0! -2.6993 0.033717 -4.170543E-05 117.6830
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224.5 -0.0536 696.152092968 #DIV/0! -2.7158 0.033717 -4.199286E-05 117.6830
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225.5 -0.0544 696.15212346 #DIV/0! -2.7324 0.033717 -4.22809E-05 117.6830
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227.5 -0.0559 696.152185071 #DIV/0! -2.7655 0.033717 -4.285882E-05 117.6830
228 -0.0563 696.152200604 #DIV/0! -2.7738 0.033717 -4.300369E-05 117.6830
228.5 -0.0567 696.15221619 #DIV/0! -2.7820 0.033717 -4.314871E-05 117.6830
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229.5 -0.0575 696.152247518 #DIV/0! -2.7986 0.033717 -4.343922E-05 117.6830
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230.5 -0.0584 696.152279057 #DIV/0! -2.8152 0.033717 -4.373036E-05 117.6831
231 -0.0588 696.152294905 #DIV/0! -2.8234 0.033717 -4.387617E-05 117.6831
231.5 -0.0592 696.152310806 #DIV/0! -2.8317 0.033717 -4.402214E-05 117.6831
232 -0.0596 696.15232676 #DIV/0! -2.8400 0.033717 -4.416827E-05 117.6831
232.5 -0.0600 696.152342766 #DIV/0! -2.8483 0.033717 -4.431456E-05 117.6831
233 -0.0604 696.152358826 #DIV/0! -2.8565 0.033717 -4.446101E-05 117.6831
233.5 -0.0608 696.152374938 #DIV/0! -2.8648 0.033717 -4.460762E-05 117.6831
234 -0.0612 696.152391103 #DIV/0! -2.8731 0.033717 -4.475439E-05 117.6831
234.5 -0.0616 696.152407321 #DIV/0! -2.8814 0.033717 -4.490133E-05 117.6831
235 -0.0621 696.152423593 #DIV/0! -2.8896 0.033717 -4.504842E-05 117.6831
235.5 -0.0625 696.152439917 #DIV/0! -2.8979 0.033717 -4.519569E-05 117.6831
236 -0.0629 696.152456295 #DIV/0! -2.9062 0.033717 -4.534311E-05 117.6831
236.5 -0.0633 696.152472726 #DIV/0! -2.9145 0.033717 -4.54907E-05 117.6831
237 -0.0637 696.15248921 #DIV/0! -2.9227 0.033717 -4.563846E-05 117.6831
237.5 -0.0642 696.152505748 #DIV/0! -2.9310 0.033717 -4.578639E-05 117.6831
238 -0.0646 696.152522339 #DIV/0! -2.9393 0.033717 -4.593448E-05 117.6831
238.5 -0.0650 696.152538983 #DIV/0! -2.9476 0.033717 -4.608273E-05 117.6831
239 -0.0654 696.152555681 #DIV/0! -2.9558 0.033717 -4.623116E-05 117.6831
239.5 -0.0659 696.152572433 #DIV/0! -2.9641 0.033717 -4.637975E-05 117.6831

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240.5 -0.0667 696.152606097 #DIV/0! -2.9807 0.033717 -4.667745E-05 117.6831
241 -0.0672 696.15262301 #DIV/0! -2.9889 0.033717 -4.682655E-05 117.6831
241.5 -0.0676 696.152639977 #DIV/0! -2.9972 0.033717 -4.697582E-05 117.6831
242 -0.0680 696.152656998 #DIV/0! -3.0055 0.033717 -4.712527E-05 117.6831
242.5 -0.0685 696.152674072 #DIV/0! -3.0138 0.033717 -4.727489E-05 117.6831
243 -0.0689 696.152691201 #DIV/0! -3.0220 0.033717 -4.742468E-05 117.6831
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244.5 -0.0702 696.152742912 #DIV/0! -3.0469 0.033717 -4.787509E-05 117.6831
245 -0.0707 696.152760257 #DIV/0! -3.0552 0.033717 -4.802558E-05 117.6831
245.5 -0.0711 696.152777657 #DIV/0! -3.0634 0.033717 -4.817624E-05 117.6831
246 -0.0716 696.152795111 #DIV/0! -3.0717 0.033717 -4.832708E-05 117.6831
246.5 -0.0720 696.152812619 #DIV/0! -3.0800 0.033717 -4.847809E-05 117.6831
247 -0.0725 696.152830182 #DIV/0! -3.0883 0.033717 -4.862929E-05 117.6831
247.5 -0.0729 696.1528478 #DIV/0! -3.0965 0.033717 -4.878066E-05 117.6831
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248.5 -0.0738 696.152883199 #DIV/0! -3.1131 0.033717 -4.908394E-05 117.6831
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249.5 -0.0748 696.152918818 #DIV/0! -3.1296 0.033717 -4.938793E-05 117.6831
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250.5 -0.0757 696.152954656 #DIV/0! -3.1462 0.033717 -4.969266E-05 117.6831
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254.5 -0.0794 696.153100214 #DIV/0! -3.2124 0.033717 -5.09189E-05 117.6831
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260.5 -0.0852 696.153325228 #DIV/0! -3.3117 0.033717 -5.278085E-05 117.6832
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263.5 -0.0881 696.153440771 #DIV/0! -3.3614 0.033717 -5.372228E-05 117.6832
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266.5 -0.0912 696.153558358 #DIV/0! -3.4110 0.033717 -5.467088E-05 117.6832

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267.5 -0.0922 696.15359801 #DIV/0! -3.4276 0.033717 -5.498869E-05 117.6832
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268.5 -0.0932 696.153637892 #DIV/0! -3.4441 0.033717 -5.530732E-05 117.6832
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270.5 -0.0953 696.153718346 #DIV/0! -3.4772 0.033717 -5.594705E-05 117.6832
271 -0.0958 696.153738603 #DIV/0! -3.4855 0.033717 -5.61075E-05 117.6832
271.5 -0.0963 696.153758919 #DIV/0! -3.4938 0.033717 -5.626816E-05 117.6832
272 -0.0968 696.153779292 #DIV/0! -3.5020 0.033717 -5.642903E-05 117.6832
272.5 -0.0973 696.153799724 #DIV/0! -3.5103 0.033717 -5.659011E-05 117.6832
273 -0.0979 696.153820213 #DIV/0! -3.5186 0.033717 -5.67514E-05 117.6832
273.5 -0.0984 696.153840761 #DIV/0! -3.5269 0.033717 -5.69129E-05 117.6832
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274.5 -0.0995 696.153882031 #DIV/0! -3.5434 0.033717 -5.723655E-05 117.6832
275 -0.1000 696.153902753 #DIV/0! -3.5517 0.033717 -5.739869E-05 117.6832
275.5 -0.1005 696.153923534 #DIV/0! -3.5600 0.033717 -5.756104E-05 117.6832
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276.5 -0.1016 696.153965272 #DIV/0! -3.5765 0.033717 -5.78864E-05 117.6832
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277.5 -0.1027 696.154007244 #DIV/0! -3.5931 0.033717 -5.821261E-05 117.6832
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279.5 -0.1048 696.154091894 #DIV/0! -3.6262 0.033717 -5.886767E-05 117.6832
280 -0.1054 696.154113205 #DIV/0! -3.6345 0.033717 -5.903198E-05 117.6832

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281 -0.1065 696.154156003 #DIV/0! -3.6510 0.033717 -5.936127E-05 117.6833
281.5 -0.1070 696.154177491 #DIV/0! -3.6593 0.033717 -5.952625E-05 117.6833
282 -0.1076 696.154199039 #DIV/0! -3.6676 0.033717 -5.969145E-05 117.6833
282.5 -0.1081 696.154220646 #DIV/0! -3.6758 0.033717 -5.985688E-05 117.6833
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283.5 -0.1093 696.154264039 #DIV/0! -3.6924 0.033717 -6.01884E-05 117.6833
284 -0.1098 696.154285825 #DIV/0! -3.7007 0.033717 -6.035451E-05 117.6833
284.5 -0.1104 696.154307671 #DIV/0! -3.7089 0.033717 -6.052083E-05 117.6833
285 -0.1109 696.154329576 #DIV/0! -3.7172 0.033717 -6.068739E-05 117.6833
285.5 -0.1115 696.154351542 #DIV/0! -3.7255 0.033717 -6.085417E-05 117.6833
286 -0.1121 696.154373568 #DIV/0! -3.7338 0.033717 -6.102118E-05 117.6833
286.5 -0.1126 696.154395654 #DIV/0! -3.7420 0.033717 -6.118843E-05 117.6833
287 -0.1132 696.1544178 #DIV/0! -3.7503 0.033717 -6.13559E-05 117.6833
287.5 -0.1138 696.154440007 #DIV/0! -3.7586 0.033717 -6.15236E-05 117.6833
288 -0.1143 696.154462274 #DIV/0! -3.7669 0.033717 -6.169153E-05 117.6833
288.5 -0.1149 696.154484601 #DIV/0! -3.7751 0.033717 -6.18597E-05 117.6833
289 -0.1155 696.154506989 #DIV/0! -3.7834 0.033717 -6.20281E-05 117.6833
289.5 -0.1161 696.154529438 #DIV/0! -3.7917 0.033717 -6.219674E-05 117.6833
290 -0.1166 696.154551947 #DIV/0! -3.8000 0.033717 -6.23656E-05 117.6833
290.5 -0.1172 696.154574517 #DIV/0! -3.8083 0.033717 -6.253471E-05 117.6833
291 -0.1178 696.154597148 #DIV/0! -3.8165 0.033717 -6.270405E-05 117.6833
291.5 -0.1184 696.15461984 #DIV/0! -3.8248 0.033717 -6.287362E-05 117.6833
292 -0.1190 696.154642593 #DIV/0! -3.8331 0.033717 -6.304344E-05 117.6833
292.5 -0.1196 696.154665408 #DIV/0! -3.8414 0.033717 -6.321349E-05 117.6833
293 -0.1201 696.154688283 #DIV/0! -3.8496 0.033717 -6.338378E-05 117.6833
293.5 -0.1207 696.15471122 #DIV/0! -3.8579 0.033717 -6.355431E-05 117.6833

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294.5 -0.1219 696.154757277 #DIV/0! -3.8745 0.033717 -6.389609E-05 117.6833
295 -0.1225 696.154780398 #DIV/0! -3.8827 0.033717 -6.406735E-05 117.6833
295.5 -0.1231 696.154803581 #DIV/0! -3.8910 0.033717 -6.423884E-05 117.6833
296 -0.1237 696.154826825 #DIV/0! -3.8993 0.033717 -6.441058E-05 117.6833
296.5 -0.1243 696.154850132 #DIV/0! -3.9076 0.033717 -6.458257E-05 117.6833
297 -0.1249 696.1548735 #DIV/0! -3.9158 0.033717 -6.47548E-05 117.6833
297.5 -0.1255 696.15489693 #DIV/0! -3.9241 0.033717 -6.492727E-05 117.6833
298 -0.1261 696.154920422 #DIV/0! -3.9324 0.033717 -6.509999E-05 117.6833
298.5 -0.1267 696.154943977 #DIV/0! -3.9407 0.033717 -6.527296E-05 117.6833
299 -0.1273 696.154967593 #DIV/0! -3.9489 0.033717 -6.544618E-05 117.6833
299.5 -0.1279 696.154991272 #DIV/0! -3.9572 0.033717 -6.561964E-05 117.6833
300 -0.1285 696.155015013 #DIV/0! -3.9655 0.033717 -6.579335E-05 117.6833
300.5 -0.1291 696.155038817 #DIV/0! -3.9738 0.033717 -6.596732E-05 117.6833
301 -0.1297 696.155062684 #DIV/0! -3.9820 0.033717 -6.614153E-05 117.6834
301.5 -0.1304 696.155086613 #DIV/0! -3.9903 0.033717 -6.6316E-05 117.6834
302 -0.1310 696.155110605 #DIV/0! -3.9986 0.033717 -6.649072E-05 117.6834
302.5 -0.1316 696.155134659 #DIV/0! -4.0069 0.033717 -6.666569E-05 117.6834
303 -0.1322 696.155158777 #DIV/0! -4.0151 0.033717 -6.684092E-05 117.6834
303.5 -0.1328 696.155182958 #DIV/0! -4.0234 0.033717 -6.70164E-05 117.6834
304 -0.1335 696.155207201 #DIV/0! -4.0317 0.033717 -6.719213E-05 117.6834
304.5 -0.1341 696.155231508 #DIV/0! -4.0400 0.033717 -6.736813E-05 117.6834
305 -0.1347 696.155255879 #DIV/0! -4.0482 0.033717 -6.754437E-05 117.6834
305.5 -0.1353 696.155280313 #DIV/0! -4.0565 0.033717 -6.772088E-05 117.6834
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306.5 -0.1366 696.15532937 #DIV/0! -4.0731 0.033717 -6.807467E-05 117.6834
307 -0.1372 696.155353995 #DIV/0! -4.0814 0.033717 -6.825196E-05 117.6834

307.5 -0.1379 696.155378683 #DIV/0! -4.0896 0.033717 -6.84295E-05 117.6834
308 -0.1385 696.155403435 #DIV/0! -4.0979 0.033717 -6.860731E-05 117.6834
308.5 -0.1391 696.155428251 #DIV/0! -4.1062 0.033717 -6.878538E-05 117.6834
309 -0.1398 696.155453131 #DIV/0! -4.1145 0.033717 -6.896372E-05 117.6834
309.5 -0.1404 696.155478075 #DIV/0! -4.1227 0.033717 -6.914231E-05 117.6834
310 -0.1411 696.155503083 #DIV/0! -4.1310 0.033717 -6.932118E-05 117.6834
310.5 -0.1417 696.155528156 #DIV/0! -4.1393 0.033717 -6.95003E-05 117.6834
311 -0.1423 696.155553293 #DIV/0! -4.1476 0.033717 -6.96797E-05 117.6834
311.5 -0.1430 696.155578495 #DIV/0! -4.1558 0.033717 -6.985936E-05 117.6834
312 -0.1436 696.155603761 #DIV/0! -4.1641 0.033717 -7.003929E-05 117.6834
312.5 -0.1443 696.155629092 #DIV/0! -4.1724 0.033717 -7.021949E-05 117.6834
313 -0.1449 696.155654487 #DIV/0! -4.1807 0.033717 -7.039996E-05 117.6834
313.5 -0.1456 696.155679948 #DIV/0! -4.1889 0.033717 -7.058069E-05 117.6834
314 -0.1462 696.155705473 #DIV/0! -4.1972 0.033717 -7.07617E-05 117.6834
314.5 -0.1469 696.155731063 #DIV/0! -4.2055 0.033717 -7.094299E-05 117.6834
315 -0.1476 696.155756719 #DIV/0! -4.2138 0.033717 -7.112454E-05 117.6834
315.5 -0.1482 696.15578244 #DIV/0! -4.2220 0.033717 -7.130637E-05 117.6834
316 -0.1489 696.155808226 #DIV/0! -4.2303 0.033717 -7.148847E-05 117.6834
316.5 -0.1496 696.155834078 #DIV/0! -4.2386 0.033717 -7.167085E-05 117.6834
317 -0.1502 696.155859995 #DIV/0! -4.2469 0.033717 -7.185351E-05 117.6834
317.5 -0.1509 696.155885978 #DIV/0! -4.2551 0.033717 -7.203644E-05 117.6834
318 -0.1516 696.155912026 #DIV/0! -4.2634 0.033717 -7.221965E-05 117.6834
318.5 -0.1522 696.155938141 #DIV/0! -4.2717 0.033717 -7.240313E-05 117.6834
319 -0.1529 696.155964321 #DIV/0! -4.2800 0.033717 -7.25869E-05 117.6834
319.5 -0.1536 696.155990567 #DIV/0! -4.2882 0.033717 -7.277095E-05 117.6835
320 -0.1542 696.15601688 #DIV/0! -4.2965 0.033717 -7.295528E-05 117.6835
320.5 -0.1549 696.156043259 #DIV/0! -4.3048 0.033717 -7.313989E-05 117.6835

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321.5 -0.1563 696.156096215 #DIV/0! -4.3214 0.033717 -7.350995E-05 117.6835
322 -0.1570 696.156122793 #DIV/0! -4.3296 0.033717 -7.369542E-05 117.6835
322.5 -0.1577 696.156149437 #DIV/0! -4.3379 0.033717 -7.388116E-05 117.6835
323 -0.1583 696.156176149 #DIV/0! -4.3462 0.033717 -7.406719E-05 117.6835
323.5 -0.1590 696.156202927 #DIV/0! -4.3545 0.033717 -7.425351E-05 117.6835
324 -0.1597 696.156229772 #DIV/0! -4.3627 0.033717 -7.444012E-05 117.6835
324.5 -0.1604 696.156256684 #DIV/0! -4.3710 0.033717 -7.462701E-05 117.6835
325 -0.1611 696.156283663 #DIV/0! -4.3793 0.033717 -7.48142E-05 117.6835
325.5 -0.1618 696.156310709 #DIV/0! -4.3876 0.033717 -7.500167E-05 117.6835
326 -0.1625 696.156337823 #DIV/0! -4.3958 0.033717 -7.518944E-05 117.6835
326.5 -0.1632 696.156365004 #DIV/0! -4.4041 0.033717 -7.53775E-05 117.6835
327 -0.1639 696.156392253 #DIV/0! -4.4124 0.033717 -7.556585E-05 117.6835
327.5 -0.1646 696.156419569 #DIV/0! -4.4207 0.033717 -7.575449E-05 117.6835
328 -0.1653 696.156446953 #DIV/0! -4.4289 0.033717 -7.594343E-05 117.6835
328.5 -0.1660 696.156474405 #DIV/0! -4.4372 0.033717 -7.613267E-05 117.6835
329 -0.1667 696.156501925 #DIV/0! -4.4455 0.033717 -7.63222E-05 117.6835
329.5 -0.1674 696.156529512 #DIV/0! -4.4538 0.033717 -7.651203E-05 117.6835
330 -0.1681 696.156557168 #DIV/0! -4.4620 0.033717 -7.670215E-05 117.6835
330.5 -0.1688 696.156584893 #DIV/0! -4.4703 0.033717 -7.689258E-05 117.6835
331 -0.1696 696.156612685 #DIV/0! -4.4786 0.033717 -7.70833E-05 117.6835
331.5 -0.1703 696.156640546 #DIV/0! -4.4869 0.033717 -7.727433E-05 117.6835
332 -0.1710 696.156668476 #DIV/0! -4.4951 0.033717 -7.746566E-05 117.6835
332.5 -0.1717 696.156696474 #DIV/0! -4.5034 0.033717 -7.765729E-05 117.6835
333 -0.1724 696.156724541 #DIV/0! -4.5117 0.033717 -7.784922E-05 117.6835
333.5 -0.1731 696.156752677 #DIV/0! -4.5200 0.033717 -7.804145E-05 117.6835
334 -0.1739 696.156780882 #DIV/0! -4.5282 0.033717 -7.8234E-05 117.6835

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335 -0.1753 696.156837499 #DIV/0! -4.5448 0.033717 -7.862E-05 117.6835
335.5 -0.1761 696.156865911 #DIV/0! -4.5531 0.033717 -7.881346E-05 117.6835
336 -0.1768 696.156894393 #DIV/0! -4.5614 0.033717 -7.900723E-05 117.6835
336.5 -0.1775 696.156922945 #DIV/0! -4.5696 0.033717 -7.920131E-05 117.6836
337 -0.1783 696.156951566 #DIV/0! -4.5779 0.033717 -7.93957E-05 117.6836
337.5 -0.1790 696.156980257 #DIV/0! -4.5862 0.033717 -7.959041E-05 117.6836
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338.5 -0.1805 696.157037848 #DIV/0! -4.6027 0.033717 -7.998075E-05 117.6836
339 -0.1812 696.157066749 #DIV/0! -4.6110 0.033717 -8.017639E-05 117.6836
339.5 -0.1820 696.15709572 #DIV/0! -4.6193 0.033717 -8.037235E-05 117.6836
340 -0.1827 696.157124761 #DIV/0! -4.6276 0.033717 -8.056862E-05 117.6836
340.5 -0.1835 696.157153872 #DIV/0! -4.6358 0.033717 -8.076521E-05 117.6836
341 -0.1842 696.157183054 #DIV/0! -4.6441 0.033717 -8.096212E-05 117.6836
341.5 -0.1850 696.157212307 #DIV/0! -4.6524 0.033717 -8.115934E-05 117.6836
342 -0.1857 696.15724163 #DIV/0! -4.6607 0.033717 -8.135689E-05 117.6836
342.5 -0.1865 696.157271025 #DIV/0! -4.6689 0.033717 -8.155475E-05 117.6836
343 -0.1872 696.15730049 #DIV/0! -4.6772 0.033717 -8.175294E-05 117.6836
343.5 -0.1880 696.157330026 #DIV/0! -4.6855 0.033717 -8.195145E-05 117.6836
344 -0.1887 696.157359634 #DIV/0! -4.6938 0.033717 -8.215028E-05 117.6836
344.5 -0.1895 696.157389312 #DIV/0! -4.7020 0.033717 -8.234944E-05 117.6836
345 -0.1903 696.157419062 #DIV/0! -4.7103 0.033717 -8.254892E-05 117.6836
345.5 -0.1910 696.157448884 #DIV/0! -4.7186 0.033717 -8.274873E-05 117.6836
346 -0.1918 696.157478777 #DIV/0! -4.7269 0.033717 -8.294886E-05 117.6836
346.5 -0.1926 696.157508742 #DIV/0! -4.7351 0.033717 -8.314932E-05 117.6836
347 -0.1934 696.157538779 #DIV/0! -4.7434 0.033717 -8.335011E-05 117.6836
347.5 -0.1941 696.157568888 #DIV/0! -4.7517 0.033717 -8.355123E-05 117.6836

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348.5 -0.1957 696.157629322 #DIV/0! -4.7682 0.033717 -8.395447E-05 117.6836
349 -0.1965 696.157659648 #DIV/0! -4.7765 0.033717 -8.415659E-05 117.6836
349.5 -0.1972 696.157690046 #DIV/0! -4.7848 0.033717 -8.435904E-05 117.6836
350 -0.1980 696.157720516 #DIV/0! -4.7931 0.033717 -8.456182E-05 117.6836
350.5 -0.1988 696.15775106 #DIV/0! -4.8013 0.033717 -8.476494E-05 117.6836
351 -0.1996 696.157781676 #DIV/0! -4.8096 0.033717 -8.496839E-05 117.6836
351.5 -0.2004 696.157812364 #DIV/0! -4.8179 0.033717 -8.517219E-05 117.6836
352 -0.2012 696.157843126 #DIV/0! -4.8262 0.033717 -8.537632E-05 117.6836
352.5 -0.2020 696.157873961 #DIV/0! -4.8345 0.033717 -8.558079E-05 117.6837
353 -0.2028 696.15790487 #DIV/0! -4.8427 0.033717 -8.57856E-05 117.6837
353.5 -0.2036 696.157935851 #DIV/0! -4.8510 0.033717 -8.599076E-05 117.6837
354 -0.2044 696.157966906 #DIV/0! -4.8593 0.033717 -8.619625E-05 117.6837
354.5 -0.2052 696.157998035 #DIV/0! -4.8676 0.033717 -8.640209E-05 117.6837
355 -0.2060 696.158029238 #DIV/0! -4.8758 0.033717 -8.660827E-05 117.6837
355.5 -0.2068 696.158060514 #DIV/0! -4.8841 0.033717 -8.68148E-05 117.6837
356 -0.2076 696.158091864 #DIV/0! -4.8924 0.033717 -8.702167E-05 117.6837
356.5 -0.2084 696.158123289 #DIV/0! -4.9007 0.033717 -8.72289E-05 117.6837
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357.5 -0.2100 696.158186361 #DIV/0! -4.9172 0.033717 -8.764438E-05 117.6837
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380.5 -0.2495 696.159721254 #DIV/0! -5.2979 0.033717 -9.760385E-05 117.6839
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389.5 -0.2661 696.160367484 #DIV/0! -5.4469 0.033717 -0.000101725 117.6839
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401.5 -0.2894 696.161271109 #DIV/0! -5.6455 0.033717 -0.0001074325 117.6840

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402.5 -0.2914 696.161348634 #DIV/0! -5.6620 0.033717 -0.0001079196 117.6840
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482.5 -0.4838 696.168796262 #DIV/0! -6.9862 0.033717 -0.0001536986 117.6848

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483.5 -0.4866 696.168906654 #DIV/0! -7.0027 0.033717 -0.00015437 117.6848
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488.5 -0.5011 696.169465773 #DIV/0! -7.0855 0.033717 -0.0001577703 117.6849
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489.5 -0.5040 696.169579042 #DIV/0! -7.1020 0.033717 -0.0001584591 117.6849
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490.5 -0.5070 696.169692798 #DIV/0! -7.1186 0.033717 -0.0001591508 117.6849
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496 -0.5234 696.170327243 #DIV/0! -7.2096 0.033717 -0.0001630085 117.6850

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497 -0.5264 696.170444211 #DIV/0! -7.2262 0.033717 -0.0001637197 117.6850
497.5 -0.5280 696.170502882 #DIV/0! -7.2344 0.033717 -0.0001640765 117.6850
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498.5 -0.5310 696.170620604 #DIV/0! -7.2510 0.033717 -0.0001647923 117.6850
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501 -0.5387 696.170917121 #DIV/0! -7.2924 0.033717 -0.0001665955 117.6851
501.5 -0.5402 696.170976806 #DIV/0! -7.3006 0.033717 -0.0001669584 117.6851
502 -0.5418 696.171036619 #DIV/0! -7.3089 0.033717 -0.0001673222 117.6851
502.5 -0.5433 696.17109656 #DIV/0! -7.3172 0.033717 -0.0001676867 117.6851
503 -0.5449 696.17115663 #DIV/0! -7.3255 0.033717 -0.0001680521 117.6851
503.5 -0.5465 696.171216828 #DIV/0! -7.3337 0.033717 -0.0001684182 117.6851
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504.5 -0.5496 696.171337611 #DIV/0! -7.3503 0.033717 -0.0001691529 117.6851
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505.5 -0.5527 696.171458912 #DIV/0! -7.3669 0.033717 -0.0001698907 117.6851
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506.5 -0.5559 696.171580733 #DIV/0! -7.3834 0.033717 -0.0001706318 117.6851
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507.5 -0.5591 696.171703076 #DIV/0! -7.4000 0.033717 -0.0001713761 117.6851
508 -0.5607 696.171764444 #DIV/0! -7.4082 0.033717 -0.0001717495 117.6851
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509 -0.5639 696.171887574 #DIV/0! -7.4248 0.033717 -0.0001724987 117.6852
509.5 -0.5655 696.171949337 #DIV/0! -7.4331 0.033717 -0.0001728745 117.6852

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510.5 -0.5687 696.17207326 #DIV/0! -7.4496 0.033717 -0.0001736287 117.6852
511 -0.5703 696.172135421 #DIV/0! -7.4579 0.033717 -0.000174007 117.6852
511.5 -0.5719 696.172197714 #DIV/0! -7.4662 0.033717 -0.0001743861 117.6852
512 -0.5735 696.172260141 #DIV/0! -7.4744 0.033717 -0.0001747661 117.6852
512.5 -0.5751 696.172322701 #DIV/0! -7.4827 0.033717 -0.0001751469 117.6852
513 -0.5768 696.172385396 #DIV/0! -7.4910 0.033717 -0.0001755286 117.6852
513.5 -0.5784 696.172448224 #DIV/0! -7.4993 0.033717 -0.000175911 117.6852
514 -0.5800 696.172511187 #DIV/0! -7.5075 0.033717 -0.0001762944 117.6852
514.5 -0.5817 696.172574285 #DIV/0! -7.5158 0.033717 -0.0001766785 117.6852
515 -0.5833 696.172637518 #DIV/0! -7.5241 0.033717 -0.0001770636 117.6852
515.5 -0.5850 696.172700886 #DIV/0! -7.5324 0.033717 -0.0001774494 117.6852
516 -0.5866 696.17276439 #DIV/0! -7.5406 0.033717 -0.0001778362 117.6853
516.5 -0.5883 696.172828029 #DIV/0! -7.5489 0.033717 -0.0001782237 117.6853
517 -0.5899 696.172891805 #DIV/0! -7.5572 0.033717 -0.0001786122 117.6853
517.5 -0.5916 696.172955717 #DIV/0! -7.5655 0.033717 -0.0001790015 117.6853
518 -0.5932 696.173019767 #DIV/0! -7.5737 0.033717 -0.0001793916 117.6853
518.5 -0.5949 696.173083953 #DIV/0! -7.5820 0.033717 -0.0001797826 117.6853
519 -0.5966 696.173148276 #DIV/0! -7.5903 0.033717 -0.0001801745 117.6853
519.5 -0.5982 696.173212737 #DIV/0! -7.5986 0.033717 -0.0001805673 117.6853
520 -0.5999 696.173277336 #DIV/0! -7.6069 0.033717 -0.0001809609 117.6853
520.5 -0.6016 696.173342074 #DIV/0! -7.6151 0.033717 -0.0001813554 117.6853
521 -0.6033 696.17340695 #DIV/0! -7.6234 0.033717 -0.0001817508 117.6853
521.5 -0.6050 696.173471964 #DIV/0! -7.6317 0.033717 -0.0001821471 117.6853
522 -0.6067 696.173537118 #DIV/0! -7.6400 0.033717 -0.0001825442 117.6853
522.5 -0.6084 696.173602412 #DIV/0! -7.6482 0.033717 -0.0001829422 117.6853
523 -0.6101 696.173667845 #DIV/0! -7.6565 0.033717 -0.0001833411 117.6854

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524 -0.6135 696.173799131 #DIV/0! -7.6731 0.033717 -0.0001841416 117.6854
524.5 -0.6152 696.173864985 #DIV/0! -7.6813 0.033717 -0.0001845432 117.6854
525 -0.6169 696.17393098 #DIV/0! -7.6896 0.033717 -0.0001849457 117.6854
525.5 -0.6186 696.173997116 #DIV/0! -7.6979 0.033717 -0.0001853491 117.6854
526 -0.6203 696.174063394 #DIV/0! -7.7062 0.033717 -0.0001857534 117.6854
526.5 -0.6221 696.174129813 #DIV/0! -7.7144 0.033717 -0.0001861586 117.6854
527 -0.6238 696.174196375 #DIV/0! -7.7227 0.033717 -0.0001865647 117.6854
527.5 -0.6255 696.174263079 #DIV/0! -7.7310 0.033717 -0.0001869717 117.6854
528 -0.6273 696.174329926 #DIV/0! -7.7393 0.033717 -0.0001873796 117.6854
528.5 -0.6290 696.174396916 #DIV/0! -7.7475 0.033717 -0.0001877885 117.6854
529 -0.6307 696.17446405 #DIV/0! -7.7558 0.033717 -0.0001881982 117.6854
529.5 -0.6325 696.174531327 #DIV/0! -7.7641 0.033717 -0.0001886089 117.6854
530 -0.6342 696.174598748 #DIV/0! -7.7724 0.033717 -0.0001890205 117.6855
530.5 -0.6360 696.174666314 #DIV/0! -7.7806 0.033717 -0.000189433 117.6855
531 -0.6377 696.174734024 #DIV/0! -7.7889 0.033717 -0.0001898465 117.6855
531.5 -0.6395 696.174801879 #DIV/0! -7.7972 0.033717 -0.0001902609 117.6855
532 -0.6413 696.174869879 #DIV/0! -7.8055 0.033717 -0.0001906762 117.6855
532.5 -0.6430 696.174938025 #DIV/0! -7.8137 0.033717 -0.0001910925 117.6855
533 -0.6448 696.175006317 #DIV/0! -7.8220 0.033717 -0.0001915097 117.6855
533.5 -0.6466 696.175074755 #DIV/0! -7.8303 0.033717 -0.0001919278 117.6855
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535 -0.6520 696.175280949 #DIV/0! -7.8551 0.033717 -0.0001931879 117.6855
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536.5 -0.6574 696.175488471 #DIV/0! -7.8800 0.033717 -0.0001944566 117.6855

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537.5 -0.6610 696.175627561 #DIV/0! -7.8965 0.033717 -0.0001953072 117.6856
538 -0.6628 696.175697329 #DIV/0! -7.9048 0.033717 -0.000195734 117.6856
538.5 -0.6646 696.175767247 #DIV/0! -7.9131 0.033717 -0.0001961617 117.6856
539 -0.6664 696.175837314 #DIV/0! -7.9213 0.033717 -0.0001965904 117.6856
539.5 -0.6682 696.175907532 #DIV/0! -7.9296 0.033717 -0.0001970201 117.6856
540 -0.6701 696.1759779 #DIV/0! -7.9379 0.033717 -0.0001974507 117.6856
540.5 -0.6719 696.176048419 #DIV/0! -7.9462 0.033717 -0.0001978824 117.6856
541 -0.6737 696.176119089 #DIV/0! -7.9544 0.033717 -0.000198315 117.6856
541.5 -0.6756 696.17618991 #DIV/0! -7.9627 0.033717 -0.0001987486 117.6856
542 -0.6774 696.176260883 #DIV/0! -7.9710 0.033717 -0.0001991832 117.6856
542.5 -0.6793 696.176332008 #DIV/0! -7.9793 0.033717 -0.0001996188 117.6856
543 -0.6811 696.176403286 #DIV/0! -7.9875 0.033717 -0.0002000553 117.6856
543.5 -0.6830 696.176474716 #DIV/0! -7.9958 0.033717 -0.0002004929 117.6857
544 -0.6849 696.176546299 #DIV/0! -8.0041 0.033717 -0.0002009315 117.6857
544.5 -0.6867 696.176618036 #DIV/0! -8.0124 0.033717 -0.0002013711 117.6857
545 -0.6886 696.176689927 #DIV/0! -8.0206 0.033717 -0.0002018117 117.6857
545.5 -0.6905 696.176761971 #DIV/0! -8.0289 0.033717 -0.0002022533 117.6857
546 -0.6923 696.17683417 #DIV/0! -8.0372 0.033717 -0.0002026959 117.6857
546.5 -0.6942 696.176906524 #DIV/0! -8.0455 0.033717 -0.0002031395 117.6857
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547.5 -0.6980 696.177051698 #DIV/0! -8.0620 0.033717 -0.0002040299 117.6857
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551 -0.7114 696.177564731 #DIV/0! -8.1200 0.033718 -0.0002071785 117.6858
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552 -0.7152 696.17771273 #DIV/0! -8.1365 0.033718 -0.0002080875 117.6858
552.5 -0.7171 696.177786969 #DIV/0! -8.1448 0.033718 -0.0002085435 117.6858
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683.5 -1.4055 696.204017746 #DIV/0! -10.3130 0.033718 -0.000376175 117.6886
684 -1.4090 696.20414979 #DIV/0! -10.3213 0.033718 -0.000377056 117.6886
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685 -1.4160 696.204414774 #DIV/0! -10.3379 0.033718 -0.0003788251 117.6887

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686 -1.4230 696.204680958 #DIV/0! -10.3544 0.033718 -0.0003806038 117.6887
686.5 -1.4266 696.204814501 #DIV/0! -10.3627 0.033718 -0.0003814968 117.6887
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691.5 -1.4624 696.206166695 #DIV/0! -10.4455 0.033718 -0.0003905615 117.6888
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692.5 -1.4696 696.20644083 #DIV/0! -10.4620 0.033718 -0.0003924043 117.6889
693 -1.4733 696.206578365 #DIV/0! -10.4703 0.033718 -0.0003933295 117.6889
693.5 -1.4769 696.206716212 #DIV/0! -10.4786 0.033718 -0.0003942572 117.6889
694 -1.4806 696.206854373 #DIV/0! -10.4868 0.033718 -0.0003951874 117.6889
694.5 -1.4843 696.206992847 #DIV/0! -10.4951 0.033718 -0.0003961202 117.6889
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695.5 -1.4916 696.207270743 #DIV/0! -10.5117 0.033718 -0.0003979935 117.6890
696 -1.4953 696.207410165 #DIV/0! -10.5199 0.033718 -0.000398934 117.6890
696.5 -1.4990 696.207549905 #DIV/0! -10.5282 0.033718 -0.0003998771 117.6890
697 -1.5027 696.207689963 #DIV/0! -10.5365 0.033718 -0.0004008227 117.6890
697.5 -1.5065 696.20783034 #DIV/0! -10.5448 0.033718 -0.000401771 117.6890
698 -1.5102 696.207971037 #DIV/0! -10.5530 0.033718 -0.0004027219 117.6890
698.5 -1.5139 696.208112055 #DIV/0! -10.5613 0.033718 -0.0004036754 117.6891

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699.5 -1.5214 696.208395056 #DIV/0! -10.5779 0.033718 -0.0004055903 117.6891
700 -1.5252 696.208537041 #DIV/0! -10.5861 0.033718 -0.0004065517 117.6891
700.5 -1.5290 696.20867935 #DIV/0! -10.5944 0.033718 -0.0004075158 117.6891
701 -1.5328 696.208821984 #DIV/0! -10.6027 0.033718 -0.0004084825 117.6891
701.5 -1.5366 696.208964944 #DIV/0! -10.6110 0.033718 -0.0004094519 117.6891
702 -1.5404 696.20910823 #DIV/0! -10.6192 0.033718 -0.000410424 117.6892
702.5 -1.5442 696.209251844 #DIV/0! -10.6275 0.033718 -0.0004113988 117.6892
703 -1.5480 696.209395786 #DIV/0! -10.6358 0.033718 -0.0004123763 117.6892
703.5 -1.5518 696.209540057 #DIV/0! -10.6441 0.033718 -0.0004133565 117.6892
704 -1.5557 696.209684659 #DIV/0! -10.6524 0.033718 -0.0004143394 117.6892
704.5 -1.5595 696.209829591 #DIV/0! -10.6606 0.033718 -0.0004153251 117.6892
705 -1.5634 696.209974855 #DIV/0! -10.6689 0.033718 -0.0004163134 117.6893
705.5 -1.5672 696.210120452 #DIV/0! -10.6772 0.033718 -0.0004173046 117.6893
706 -1.5711 696.210266382 #DIV/0! -10.6855 0.033718 -0.0004182985 117.6893
706.5 -1.5750 696.210412647 #DIV/0! -10.6937 0.033718 -0.0004192951 117.6893
707 -1.5789 696.210559247 #DIV/0! -10.7020 0.033718 -0.0004202945 117.6893
707.5 -1.5828 696.210706182 #DIV/0! -10.7103 0.033718 -0.0004212967 117.6893
708 -1.5867 696.210853455 #DIV/0! -10.7186 0.033718 -0.0004223017 117.6893
708.5 -1.5906 696.211001066 #DIV/0! -10.7268 0.033718 -0.0004233095 117.6894
709 -1.5946 696.211149016 #DIV/0! -10.7351 0.033718 -0.0004243201 117.6894
709.5 -1.5985 696.211297305 #DIV/0! -10.7434 0.033718 -0.0004253336 117.6894
710 -1.6024 696.211445935 #DIV/0! -10.7517 0.033718 -0.0004263499 117.6894
710.5 -1.6064 696.211594907 #DIV/0! -10.7599 0.033718 -0.000427369 117.6894
711 -1.6104 696.21174422 #DIV/0! -10.7682 0.033718 -0.0004283909 117.6894
711.5 -1.6144 696.211893877 #DIV/0! -10.7765 0.033718 -0.0004294158 117.6895
712 -1.6183 696.212043878 #DIV/0! -10.7848 0.033718 -0.0004304435 117.6895

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713 -1.6263 696.212344917 #DIV/0! -10.8013 0.033718 -0.0004325075 117.6895
713.5 -1.6304 696.212495956 #DIV/0! -10.8096 0.033718 -0.0004335439 117.6895
714 -1.6344 696.212647343 #DIV/0! -10.8179 0.033718 -0.0004345831 117.6895
714.5 -1.6384 696.212799078 #DIV/0! -10.8261 0.033718 -0.0004356253 117.6896
715 -1.6425 696.212951163 #DIV/0! -10.8344 0.033718 -0.0004366705 117.6896
715.5 -1.6465 696.213103599 #DIV/0! -10.8427 0.033718 -0.0004377185 117.6896
716 -1.6506 696.213256386 #DIV/0! -10.8510 0.033718 -0.0004387696 117.6896
716.5 -1.6547 696.213409526 #DIV/0! -10.8592 0.033718 -0.0004398236 117.6896
717 -1.6588 696.213563019 #DIV/0! -10.8675 0.033718 -0.0004408805 117.6896
717.5 -1.6628 696.213716866 #DIV/0! -10.8758 0.033718 -0.0004419404 117.6897
718 -1.6669 696.213871069 #DIV/0! -10.8841 0.033718 -0.0004430034 117.6897
718.5 -1.6711 696.214025627 #DIV/0! -10.8924 0.033718 -0.0004440693 117.6897
719 -1.6752 696.214180543 #DIV/0! -10.9006 0.033718 -0.0004451382 117.6897
719.5 -1.6793 696.214335817 #DIV/0! -10.9089 0.033718 -0.0004462102 117.6897
720 -1.6835 696.21449145 #DIV/0! -10.9172 0.033718 -0.0004472852 117.6897
720.5 -1.6876 696.214647442 #DIV/0! -10.9255 0.033718 -0.0004483633 117.6898
721 -1.6918 696.214803796 #DIV/0! -10.9337 0.033718 -0.0004494444 117.6898
721.5 -1.6960 696.214960512 #DIV/0! -10.9420 0.033718 -0.0004505285 117.6898
722 -1.7001 696.21511759 #DIV/0! -10.9503 0.033718 -0.0004516158 117.6898
722.5 -1.7043 696.215275032 #DIV/0! -10.9586 0.033718 -0.0004527061 117.6898
723 -1.7085 696.215432839 #DIV/0! -10.9668 0.033718 -0.0004537995 117.6898
723.5 -1.7128 696.215591012 #DIV/0! -10.9751 0.033719 -0.000454896 117.6899
724 -1.7170 696.215749551 #DIV/0! -10.9834 0.033719 -0.0004559957 117.6899
724.5 -1.7212 696.215908458 #DIV/0! -10.9917 0.033719 -0.0004570985 117.6899
725 -1.7255 696.216067734 #DIV/0! -10.9999 0.033719 -0.0004582044 117.6899
725.5 -1.7297 696.216227379 #DIV/0! -11.0082 0.033719 -0.0004593135 117.6899

726 -1.7340 696.216387395 #DIV/0! -11.0165 0.033719 -0.0004604257 117.6899
726.5 -1.7383 696.216547783 #DIV/0! -11.0248 0.033719 -0.0004615411 117.6900
727 -1.7425 696.216708543 #DIV/0! -11.0330 0.033719 -0.0004626597 117.6900
727.5 -1.7468 696.216869677 #DIV/0! -11.0413 0.033719 -0.0004637815 117.6900
728 -1.7511 696.217031186 #DIV/0! -11.0496 0.033719 -0.0004649065 117.6900
728.5 -1.7555 696.21719307 #DIV/0! -11.0579 0.033719 -0.0004660347 117.6900
729 -1.7598 696.217355331 #DIV/0! -11.0661 0.033719 -0.0004671662 117.6900
729.5 -1.7641 696.217517969 #DIV/0! -11.0744 0.033719 -0.0004683008 117.6901
730 -1.7685 696.217680986 #DIV/0! -11.0827 0.033719 -0.0004694388 117.6901
730.5 -1.7728 696.217844383 #DIV/0! -11.0910 0.033719 -0.00047058 117.6901
731 -1.7772 696.218008161 #DIV/0! -11.0992 0.033719 -0.0004717245 117.6901
731.5 -1.7816 696.21817232 #DIV/0! -11.1075 0.033719 -0.0004728722 117.6901
732 -1.7860 696.218336862 #DIV/0! -11.1158 0.033719 -0.0004740233 117.6902
732.5 -1.7904 696.218501787 #DIV/0! -11.1241 0.033719 -0.0004751777 117.6902
733 -1.7948 696.218667098 #DIV/0! -11.1324 0.033719 -0.0004763354 117.6902
733.5 -1.7992 696.218832794 #DIV/0! -11.1406 0.033719 -0.0004774964 117.6902
734 -1.8036 696.218998877 #DIV/0! -11.1489 0.033719 -0.0004786608 117.6902
734.5 -1.8081 696.219165349 #DIV/0! -11.1572 0.033719 -0.0004798285 117.6902
735 -1.8125 696.219332209 #DIV/0! -11.1655 0.033719 -0.0004809996 117.6903
735.5 -1.8170 696.219499459 #DIV/0! -11.1737 0.033719 -0.0004821741 117.6903
736 -1.8215 696.2196671 #DIV/0! -11.1820 0.033719 -0.000483352 117.6903
736.5 -1.8260 696.219835133 #DIV/0! -11.1903 0.033719 -0.0004845332 117.6903
737 -1.8305 696.22000356 #DIV/0! -11.1986 0.033719 -0.0004857179 117.6903
737.5 -1.8350 696.22017238 #DIV/0! -11.2068 0.033719 -0.000486906 117.6903
738 -1.8395 696.220341596 #DIV/0! -11.2151 0.033719 -0.0004880976 117.6904
738.5 -1.8440 696.220511209 #DIV/0! -11.2234 0.033719 -0.0004892926 117.6904
739 -1.8486 696.220681219 #DIV/0! -11.2317 0.033719 -0.0004904911 117.6904

739.5 -1.8531 696.220851627 #DIV/0! -11.2399 0.033719 -0.0004916931 117.6904
740 -1.8577 696.221022435 #DIV/0! -11.2482 0.033719 -0.0004928985 117.6904
740.5 -1.8623 696.221193644 #DIV/0! -11.2565 0.033719 -0.0004941075 117.6905
741 -1.8669 696.221365254 #DIV/0! -11.2648 0.033719 -0.00049532 117.6905
741.5 -1.8715 696.221537268 #DIV/0! -11.2730 0.033719 -0.000496536 117.6905
742 -1.8761 696.221709685 #DIV/0! -11.2813 0.033719 -0.0004977555 117.6905
742.5 -1.8807 696.221882508 #DIV/0! -11.2896 0.033719 -0.0004989786 117.6905
743 -1.8853 696.222055736 #DIV/0! -11.2979 0.033719 -0.0005002052 117.6906
743.5 -1.8900 696.222229372 #DIV/0! -11.3061 0.033719 -0.0005014355 117.6906
744 -1.8946 696.222403416 #DIV/0! -11.3144 0.033719 -0.0005026693 117.6906
744.5 -1.8993 696.22257787 #DIV/0! -11.3227 0.033719 -0.0005039067 117.6906
745 -1.9040 696.222752734 #DIV/0! -11.3310 0.033719 -0.0005051478 117.6906
745.5 -1.9087 696.222928011 #DIV/0! -11.3392 0.033719 -0.0005063925 117.6906
746 -1.9134 696.2231037 #DIV/0! -11.3475 0.033719 -0.0005076408 117.6907
746.5 -1.9181 696.223279802 #DIV/0! -11.3558 0.033719 -0.0005088928 117.6907
747 -1.9228 696.223456321 #DIV/0! -11.3641 0.033719 -0.0005101484 117.6907
747.5 -1.9276 696.223633255 #DIV/0! -11.3723 0.033719 -0.0005114077 117.6907
748 -1.9323 696.223810607 #DIV/0! -11.3806 0.033719 -0.0005126708 117.6907
748.5 -1.9371 696.223988377 #DIV/0! -11.3889 0.033719 -0.0005139375 117.6908
749 -1.9418 696.224166567 #DIV/0! -11.3972 0.033719 -0.000515208 117.6908
749.5 -1.9466 696.224345178 #DIV/0! -11.4055 0.033719 -0.0005164821 117.6908
750 -1.9514 696.22452421 #DIV/0! -11.4137 0.033719 -0.0005177601 117.6908
750.5 -1.9562 696.224703666 #DIV/0! -11.4220 0.033719 -0.0005190418 117.6908
751 -1.9611 696.224883546 #DIV/0! -11.4303 0.033719 -0.0005203273 117.6909
751.5 -1.9659 696.225063852 #DIV/0! -11.4386 0.033719 -0.0005216166 117.6909
752 -1.9707 696.225244584 #DIV/0! -11.4468 0.033719 -0.0005229096 117.6909
752.5 -1.9756 696.225425744 #DIV/0! -11.4551 0.033719 -0.0005242065 117.6909

753 -1.9805 696.225607334 #DIV/0! -11.4634 0.033719 -0.0005255073 117.6909
753.5 -1.9853 696.225789353 #DIV/0! -11.4717 0.033719 -0.0005268118 117.6910
754 -1.9902 696.225971803 #DIV/0! -11.4799 0.033719 -0.0005281203 117.6910
754.5 -1.9951 696.226154687 #DIV/0! -11.4882 0.033719 -0.0005294326 117.6910
755 -2.0000 696.226338004 #DIV/0! -11.4965 0.033719 -0.0005307488 117.6910
755.5 -2.0050 696.226521755 #DIV/0! -11.5048 0.033719 -0.0005320689 117.6910
756 -2.0099 696.226705943 #DIV/0! -11.5130 0.033719 -0.0005333929 117.6911
756.5 -2.0149 696.226890569 #DIV/0! -11.5213 0.033719 -0.0005347208 117.6911
757 -2.0198 696.227075632 #DIV/0! -11.5296 0.033719 -0.0005360527 117.6911
757.5 -2.0248 696.227261136 #DIV/0! -11.5379 0.033719 -0.0005373885 117.6911
758 -2.0298 696.227447081 #DIV/0! -11.5461 0.033719 -0.0005387284 117.6911
758.5 -2.0348 696.227633467 #DIV/0! -11.5544 0.033719 -0.0005400722 117.6912
759 -2.0398 696.227820298 #DIV/0! -11.5627 0.033719 -0.00054142 117.6912
759.5 -2.0449 696.228007572 #DIV/0! -11.5710 0.033719 -0.0005427718 117.6912
760 -2.0499 696.228195293 #DIV/0! -11.5792 0.033719 -0.0005441277 117.6912
760.5 -2.0549 696.228383461 #DIV/0! -11.5875 0.033719 -0.0005454876 117.6912
761 -2.0600 696.228572077 #DIV/0! -11.5958 0.033719 -0.0005468515 117.6913
761.5 -2.0651 696.228761143 #DIV/0! -11.6041 0.033719 -0.0005482196 117.6913
762 -2.0702 696.228950659 #DIV/0! -11.6123 0.033719 -0.0005495917 117.6913
762.5 -2.0753 696.229140628 #DIV/0! -11.6206 0.033719 -0.000550968 117.6913
763 -2.0804 696.22933105 #DIV/0! -11.6289 0.033719 -0.0005523483 117.6913
763.5 -2.0855 696.229521927 #DIV/0! -11.6372 0.033719 -0.0005537328 117.6914
764 -2.0907 696.229713259 #DIV/0! -11.6455 0.033719 -0.0005551215 117.6914
764.5 -2.0958 696.229905049 #DIV/0! -11.6537 0.033719 -0.0005565143 117.6914
765 -2.1010 696.230097297 #DIV/0! -11.6620 0.033719 -0.0005579113 117.6914
765.5 -2.1062 696.230290005 #DIV/0! -11.6703 0.033719 -0.0005593125 117.6914
766 -2.1114 696.230483174 #DIV/0! -11.6786 0.033719 -0.000560718 117.6915

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767 -2.1218 696.2308709 #DIV/0! -11.6951 0.033719 -0.0005635415 117.6915
767.5 -2.1270 696.23106546 #DIV/0! -11.7034 0.033719 -0.0005649597 117.6915
768 -2.1323 696.231260486 #DIV/0! -11.7117 0.033719 -0.0005663821 117.6915
768.5 -2.1375 696.231455979 #DIV/0! -11.7199 0.033719 -0.0005678088 117.6916
769 -2.1428 696.231651941 #DIV/0! -11.7282 0.033719 -0.0005692399 117.6916
769.5 -2.1481 696.231848373 #DIV/0! -11.7365 0.033719 -0.0005706752 117.6916
770 -2.1534 696.232045277 #DIV/0! -11.7448 0.033719 -0.0005721149 117.6916
770.5 -2.1587 696.232242653 #DIV/0! -11.7530 0.033719 -0.000573559 117.6916
771 -2.1640 696.232440504 #DIV/0! -11.7613 0.033719 -0.0005750074 117.6917
771.5 -2.1694 696.232638829 #DIV/0! -11.7696 0.033719 -0.0005764603 117.6917
772 -2.1747 696.232837632 #DIV/0! -11.7779 0.033719 -0.0005779175 117.6917
772.5 -2.1801 696.233036913 #DIV/0! -11.7861 0.033719 -0.0005793791 117.6917
773 -2.1855 696.233236673 #DIV/0! -11.7944 0.033719 -0.0005808452 117.6918
773.5 -2.1909 696.233436914 #DIV/0! -11.8027 0.033719 -0.0005823158 117.6918
774 -2.1963 696.233637637 #DIV/0! -11.8110 0.033719 -0.0005837908 117.6918
774.5 -2.2017 696.233838843 #DIV/0! -11.8192 0.033719 -0.0005852703 117.6918
775 -2.2071 696.234040534 #DIV/0! -11.8275 0.033719 -0.0005867543 117.6918
775.5 -2.2126 696.234242712 #DIV/0! -11.8358 0.033719 -0.0005882429 117.6919
776 -2.2180 696.234445377 #DIV/0! -11.8441 0.033719 -0.0005897359 117.6919
776.5 -2.2235 696.234648531 #DIV/0! -11.8523 0.033719 -0.0005912336 117.6919
777 -2.2290 696.234852176 #DIV/0! -11.8606 0.033719 -0.0005927358 117.6919
777.5 -2.2345 696.235056312 #DIV/0! -11.8689 0.033719 -0.0005942426 117.6919
778 -2.2400 696.235260941 #DIV/0! -11.8772 0.033719 -0.000595754 117.6920
778.5 -2.2456 696.235466065 #DIV/0! -11.8854 0.033719 -0.00059727 117.6920
779 -2.2511 696.235671685 #DIV/0! -11.8937 0.033719 -0.0005987907 117.6920
779.5 -2.2567 696.235877802 #DIV/0! -11.9020 0.033719 -0.0006003161 117.6920

780 -2.2622 696.236084418 #DIV/0! -11.9103 0.033719 -0.0006018461 117.6921
780.5 -2.2678 696.236291534 #DIV/0! -11.9186 0.033719 -0.0006033808 117.6921
781 -2.2734 696.236499152 #DIV/0! -11.9268 0.033719 -0.0006049202 117.6921
781.5 -2.2791 696.236707272 #DIV/0! -11.9351 0.033719 -0.0006064644 117.6921
782 -2.2847 696.236915898 #DIV/0! -11.9434 0.033719 -0.0006080133 117.6921
782.5 -2.2903 696.237125029 #DIV/0! -11.9517 0.033719 -0.000609567 117.6922
783 -2.2960 696.237334667 #DIV/0! -11.9599 0.033719 -0.0006111255 117.6922
783.5 -2.3017 696.237544814 #DIV/0! -11.9682 0.033719 -0.0006126888 117.6922
784 -2.3074 696.237755471 #DIV/0! -11.9765 0.033719 -0.0006142569 117.6922
784.5 -2.3131 696.23796664 #DIV/0! -11.9848 0.033719 -0.0006158298 117.6923
785 -2.3188 696.238178322 #DIV/0! -11.9930 0.033719 -0.0006174076 117.6923
785.5 -2.3245 696.238390519 #DIV/0! -12.0013 0.033719 -0.0006189903 117.6923
786 -2.3303 696.238603232 #DIV/0! -12.0096 0.033719 -0.0006205779 117.6923
786.5 -2.3360 696.238816462 #DIV/0! -12.0179 0.033719 -0.0006221704 117.6924
787 -2.3418 696.239030212 #DIV/0! -12.0261 0.033719 -0.0006237678 117.6924
787.5 -2.3476 696.239244481 #DIV/0! -12.0344 0.033719 -0.0006253702 117.6924
788 -2.3534 696.239459273 #DIV/0! -12.0427 0.033719 -0.0006269776 117.6924
788.5 -2.3592 696.239674589 #DIV/0! -12.0510 0.033719 -0.0006285899 117.6924
789 -2.3651 696.239890429 #DIV/0! -12.0592 0.033719 -0.0006302073 117.6925
789.5 -2.3709 696.240106796 #DIV/0! -12.0675 0.033719 -0.0006318297 117.6925
790 -2.3768 696.240323691 #DIV/0! -12.0758 0.033719 -0.0006334571 117.6925
790.5 -2.3827 696.240541115 #DIV/0! -12.0841 0.033719 -0.0006350896 117.6925
791 -2.3886 696.240759071 #DIV/0! -12.0923 0.033719 -0.0006367272 117.6926
791.5 -2.3945 696.240977559 #DIV/0! -12.1006 0.033719 -0.0006383699 117.6926
792 -2.4004 696.241196581 #DIV/0! -12.1089 0.033719 -0.0006400178 117.6926
792.5 -2.4064 696.241416139 #DIV/0! -12.1172 0.033719 -0.0006416708 117.6926
793 -2.4123 696.241636234 #DIV/0! -12.1254 0.033719 -0.0006433289 117.6927

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794 -2.4243 696.242078042 #DIV/0! -12.1420 0.033719 -0.0006466608 117.6927
794.5 -2.4303 696.242299758 #DIV/0! -12.1503 0.033719 -0.0006483346 117.6927
795 -2.4363 696.242522018 #DIV/0! -12.1586 0.033719 -0.0006500136 117.6928
795.5 -2.4423 696.242744822 #DIV/0! -12.1668 0.033719 -0.0006516979 117.6928
796 -2.4484 696.242968173 #DIV/0! -12.1751 0.033719 -0.0006533875 117.6928
796.5 -2.4545 696.243192072 #DIV/0! -12.1834 0.033719 -0.0006550824 117.6928
797 -2.4605 696.243416521 #DIV/0! -12.1917 0.033719 -0.0006567826 117.6928
797.5 -2.4666 696.243641522 #DIV/0! -12.1999 0.033719 -0.0006584882 117.6929
798 -2.4728 696.243867075 #DIV/0! -12.2082 0.033719 -0.0006601992 117.6929
798.5 -2.4789 696.244093183 #DIV/0! -12.2165 0.033719 -0.0006619155 117.6929
799 -2.4850 696.244319847 #DIV/0! -12.2248 0.033719 -0.0006636373 117.6929
799.5 -2.4912 696.244547069 #DIV/0! -12.2330 0.033719 -0.0006653645 117.6930
800 -2.4974 696.24477485 #DIV/0! -12.2413 0.033719 -0.0006670971 117.6930
800.5 -2.5036 696.245003192 #DIV/0! -12.2496 0.033719 -0.0006688352 117.6930
801 -2.5098 696.245232097 #DIV/0! -12.2579 0.033719 -0.0006705789 117.6930
801.5 -2.5160 696.245461566 #DIV/0! -12.2661 0.033719 -0.000672328 117.6931
802 -2.5223 696.245691601 #DIV/0! -12.2744 0.033719 -0.0006740827 117.6931
802.5 -2.5285 696.245922204 #DIV/0! -12.2827 0.033719 -0.000675843 117.6931
803 -2.5348 696.246153376 #DIV/0! -12.2910 0.033719 -0.0006776088 117.6931
803.5 -2.5411 696.246385118 #DIV/0! -12.2992 0.033719 -0.0006793803 117.6932
804 -2.5474 696.246617434 #DIV/0! -12.3075 0.033719 -0.0006811574 117.6932
804.5 -2.5537 696.246850323 #DIV/0! -12.3158 0.033719 -0.0006829401 117.6932
805 -2.5601 696.247083789 #DIV/0! -12.3241 0.033719 -0.0006847285 117.6932
805.5 -2.5664 696.247317832 #DIV/0! -12.3323 0.033719 -0.0006865227 117.6933
806 -2.5728 696.247552455 #DIV/0! -12.3406 0.033719 -0.0006883225 117.6933
806.5 -2.5792 696.247787658 #DIV/0! -12.3489 0.033719 -0.0006901281 117.6933

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807.5 -2.5920 696.248259815 #DIV/0! -12.3654 0.033719 -0.0006937566 117.6934
808 -2.5985 696.248496772 #DIV/0! -12.3737 0.033719 -0.0006955795 117.6934
808.5 -2.6049 696.248734317 #DIV/0! -12.3820 0.033719 -0.0006974083 117.6934
809 -2.6114 696.248972451 #DIV/0! -12.3903 0.033719 -0.0006992429 117.6934
809.5 -2.6179 696.249211177 #DIV/0! -12.3986 0.033719 -0.0007010835 117.6935
810 -2.6244 696.249450495 #DIV/0! -12.4068 0.033719 -0.0007029299 117.6935
810.5 -2.6309 696.249690409 #DIV/0! -12.4151 0.033719 -0.0007047823 117.6935
811 -2.6375 696.249930919 #DIV/0! -12.4234 0.033719 -0.0007066406 117.6935
811.5 -2.6440 696.250172027 #DIV/0! -12.4317 0.033719 -0.0007085049 117.6936
812 -2.6506 696.250413736 #DIV/0! -12.4399 0.033719 -0.0007103751 117.6936
812.5 -2.6572 696.250656046 #DIV/0! -12.4482 0.033719 -0.0007122515 117.6936
813 -2.6638 696.25089896 #DIV/0! -12.4565 0.033719 -0.0007141338 117.6937
813.5 -2.6705 696.25114248 #DIV/0! -12.4648 0.033719 -0.0007160223 117.6937
814 -2.6771 696.251386607 #DIV/0! -12.4730 0.033719 -0.0007179168 117.6937
814.5 -2.6838 696.251631342 #DIV/0! -12.4813 0.033719 -0.0007198175 117.6937
815 -2.6905 696.251876689 #DIV/0! -12.4896 0.033719 -0.0007217243 117.6938
815.5 -2.6972 696.252122648 #DIV/0! -12.4979 0.033719 -0.0007236372 117.6938
816 -2.7039 696.252369222 #DIV/0! -12.5061 0.033719 -0.0007255564 117.6938
816.5 -2.7106 696.252616412 #DIV/0! -12.5144 0.033719 -0.0007274818 117.6938
817 -2.7174 696.25286422 #DIV/0! -12.5227 0.033719 -0.0007294134 117.6939
817.5 -2.7241 696.253112648 #DIV/0! -12.5310 0.033719 -0.0007313513 117.6939
818 -2.7309 696.253361698 #DIV/0! -12.5392 0.033719 -0.0007332956 117.6939
818.5 -2.7377 696.253611371 #DIV/0! -12.5475 0.03372 -0.0007352461 117.6939
819 -2.7446 696.25386167 #DIV/0! -12.5558 0.03372 -0.000737203 117.6940
819.5 -2.7514 696.254112596 #DIV/0! -12.5641 0.03372 -0.0007391662 117.6940
820 -2.7583 696.254364152 #DIV/0! -12.5723 0.03372 -0.0007411359 117.6940

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821 -2.7721 696.254869158 #DIV/0! -12.5889 0.03372 -0.0007450945 117.6941
821.5 -2.7790 696.255122613 #DIV/0! -12.5972 0.03372 -0.0007470835 117.6941
822 -2.7859 696.255376705 #DIV/0! -12.6054 0.03372 -0.000749079 117.6941
822.5 -2.7929 696.255631435 #DIV/0! -12.6137 0.03372 -0.0007510811 117.6942
823 -2.7999 696.255886805 #DIV/0! -12.6220 0.03372 -0.0007530897 117.6942
823.5 -2.8069 696.256142819 #DIV/0! -12.6303 0.03372 -0.0007551049 117.6942
824 -2.8139 696.256399476 #DIV/0! -12.6385 0.03372 -0.0007571267 117.6942
824.5 -2.8209 696.256656781 #DIV/0! -12.6468 0.03372 -0.0007591551 117.6943
825 -2.8279 696.256914733 #DIV/0! -12.6551 0.03372 -0.0007611902 117.6943
825.5 -2.8350 696.257173336 #DIV/0! -12.6634 0.03372 -0.000763232 117.6943
826 -2.8421 696.257432591 #DIV/0! -12.6717 0.03372 -0.0007652805 117.6944
826.5 -2.8492 696.2576925 #DIV/0! -12.6799 0.03372 -0.0007673358 117.6944
827 -2.8563 696.257953066 #DIV/0! -12.6882 0.03372 -0.0007693979 117.6944
827.5 -2.8635 696.258214289 #DIV/0! -12.6965 0.03372 -0.0007714667 117.6944
828 -2.8706 696.258476173 #DIV/0! -12.7048 0.03372 -0.0007735424 117.6945
828.5 -2.8778 696.258738719 #DIV/0! -12.7130 0.03372 -0.000775625 117.6945
829 -2.8850 696.259001929 #DIV/0! -12.7213 0.03372 -0.0007777144 117.6945
829.5 -2.8923 696.259265805 #DIV/0! -12.7296 0.03372 -0.0007798108 117.6946
830 -2.8995 696.25953035 #DIV/0! -12.7379 0.03372 -0.0007819141 117.6946
830.5 -2.9068 696.259795564 #DIV/0! -12.7461 0.03372 -0.0007840243 117.6946
831 -2.9140 696.260061451 #DIV/0! -12.7544 0.03372 -0.0007861416 117.6946
831.5 -2.9213 696.260328012 #DIV/0! -12.7627 0.03372 -0.000788266 117.6947
832 -2.9287 696.260595249 #DIV/0! -12.7710 0.03372 -0.0007903973 117.6947
832.5 -2.9360 696.260863165 #DIV/0! -12.7792 0.03372 -0.0007925358 117.6947
833 -2.9434 696.261131761 #DIV/0! -12.7875 0.03372 -0.0007946814 117.6948
833.5 -2.9507 696.261401039 #DIV/0! -12.7958 0.03372 -0.0007968342 117.6948

834 -2.9581 696.261671002 #DIV/0! -12.8041 0.03372 -0.0007989941 117.6948
834.5 -2.9656 696.261941652 #DIV/0! -12.8123 0.03372 -0.0008011612 117.6948
835 -2.9730 696.26221299 #DIV/0! -12.8206 0.03372 -0.0008033356 117.6949
835.5 -2.9805 696.262485019 #DIV/0! -12.8289 0.03372 -0.0008055173 117.6949
836 -2.9879 696.262757741 #DIV/0! -12.8372 0.03372 -0.0008077063 117.6949
836.5 -2.9954 696.263031158 #DIV/0! -12.8454 0.03372 -0.0008099026 117.6950
837 -3.0030 696.263305273 #DIV/0! -12.8537 0.03372 -0.0008121062 117.6950
837.5 -3.0105 696.263580086 #DIV/0! -12.8620 0.03372 -0.0008143173 117.6950
838 -3.0181 696.263855601 #DIV/0! -12.8703 0.03372 -0.0008165358 117.6950
838.5 -3.0256 696.26413182 #DIV/0! -12.8785 0.03372 -0.0008187617 117.6951
839 -3.0332 696.264408744 #DIV/0! -12.8868 0.03372 -0.0008209951 117.6951
839.5 -3.0409 696.264686376 #DIV/0! -12.8951 0.03372 -0.0008232361 117.6951
840 -3.0485 696.264964719 #DIV/0! -12.9034 0.03372 -0.0008254846 117.6952
840.5 -3.0562 696.265243773 #DIV/0! -12.9117 0.03372 -0.0008277407 117.6952
841 -3.0639 696.265523542 #DIV/0! -12.9199 0.03372 -0.0008300044 117.6952
841.5 -3.0716 696.265804028 #DIV/0! -12.9282 0.03372 -0.0008322758 117.6953
842 -3.0793 696.266085232 #DIV/0! -12.9365 0.03372 -0.0008345548 117.6953
842.5 -3.0871 696.266367157 #DIV/0! -12.9448 0.03372 -0.0008368416 117.6953
843 -3.0948 696.266649806 #DIV/0! -12.9530 0.03372 -0.0008391361 117.6953
843.5 -3.1026 696.26693318 #DIV/0! -12.9613 0.03372 -0.0008414383 117.6954
844 -3.1104 696.267217282 #DIV/0! -12.9696 0.03372 -0.0008437484 117.6954
844.5 -3.1183 696.267502114 #DIV/0! -12.9779 0.03372 -0.0008460664 117.6954
845 -3.1261 696.267787678 #DIV/0! -12.9861 0.03372 -0.0008483922 117.6955
845.5 -3.1340 696.268073977 #DIV/0! -12.9944 0.03372 -0.000850726 117.6955
846 -3.1419 696.268361012 #DIV/0! -13.0027 0.03372 -0.0008530677 117.6955
846.5 -3.1498 696.268648786 #DIV/0! -13.0110 0.03372 -0.0008554173 117.6956
847 -3.1578 696.268937302 #DIV/0! -13.0192 0.03372 -0.000857775 117.6956

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848 -3.1737 696.269516567 #DIV/0! -13.0358 0.03372 -0.0008625146 117.6957
848.5 -3.1817 696.269807321 #DIV/0! -13.0441 0.03372 -0.0008648965 117.6957
849 -3.1898 696.270098825 #DIV/0! -13.0523 0.03372 -0.0008672867 117.6957
849.5 -3.1978 696.270391082 #DIV/0! -13.0606 0.03372 -0.000869685 117.6957
850 -3.2059 696.270684094 #DIV/0! -13.0689 0.03372 -0.0008720915 117.6958
850.5 -3.2140 696.270977864 #DIV/0! -13.0772 0.03372 -0.0008745063 117.6958
851 -3.2221 696.271272394 #DIV/0! -13.0854 0.03372 -0.0008769294 117.6958
851.5 -3.2303 696.271567686 #DIV/0! -13.0937 0.03372 -0.0008793608 117.6959
852 -3.2384 696.271863743 #DIV/0! -13.1020 0.03372 -0.0008818006 117.6959
852.5 -3.2466 696.272160567 #DIV/0! -13.1103 0.03372 -0.0008842488 117.6959
853 -3.2548 696.272458161 #DIV/0! -13.1185 0.03372 -0.0008867054 117.6960
853.5 -3.2631 696.272756526 #DIV/0! -13.1268 0.03372 -0.0008891705 117.6960
854 -3.2713 696.273055666 #DIV/0! -13.1351 0.03372 -0.0008916442 117.6960
854.5 -3.2796 696.273355583 #DIV/0! -13.1434 0.03372 -0.0008941264 117.6961
855 -3.2879 696.273656278 #DIV/0! -13.1516 0.03372 -0.0008966171 117.6961
855.5 -3.2962 696.273957756 #DIV/0! -13.1599 0.03372 -0.0008991166 117.6961
856 -3.3046 696.274260017 #DIV/0! -13.1682 0.03372 -0.0009016246 117.6962
856.5 -3.3129 696.274563065 #DIV/0! -13.1765 0.03372 -0.0009041414 117.6962
857 -3.3213 696.274866902 #DIV/0! -13.1848 0.03372 -0.000906667 117.6962
857.5 -3.3298 696.275171531 #DIV/0! -13.1930 0.03372 -0.0009092013 117.6963
858 -3.3382 696.275476953 #DIV/0! -13.2013 0.03372 -0.0009117444 117.6963
858.5 -3.3467 696.275783172 #DIV/0! -13.2096 0.03372 -0.0009142964 117.6963
859 -3.3552 696.276090191 #DIV/0! -13.2179 0.03372 -0.0009168573 117.6964
859.5 -3.3637 696.27639801 #DIV/0! -13.2261 0.03372 -0.0009194271 117.6964
860 -3.3722 696.276706634 #DIV/0! -13.2344 0.03372 -0.0009220059 117.6964
860.5 -3.3808 696.277016064 #DIV/0! -13.2427 0.03372 -0.0009245938 117.6965

861 -3.3894 696.277326304 #DIV/0! -13.2510 0.03372 -0.0009271907 117.6965
861.5 -3.3980 696.277637355 #DIV/0! -13.2592 0.03372 -0.0009297966 117.6965
862 -3.4066 696.27794922 #DIV/0! -13.2675 0.03372 -0.0009324118 117.6966
862.5 -3.4153 696.278261903 #DIV/0! -13.2758 0.03372 -0.0009350361 117.6966
863 -3.4240 696.278575404 #DIV/0! -13.2841 0.03372 -0.0009376696 117.6966
863.5 -3.4327 696.278889728 #DIV/0! -13.2923 0.03372 -0.0009403123 117.6967
864 -3.4414 696.279204877 #DIV/0! -13.3006 0.03372 -0.0009429644 117.6967
864.5 -3.4501 696.279520853 #DIV/0! -13.3089 0.03372 -0.0009456258 117.6967
865 -3.4589 696.279837659 #DIV/0! -13.3172 0.03372 -0.0009482967 117.6968
865.5 -3.4677 696.280155297 #DIV/0! -13.3254 0.03372 -0.0009509769 117.6968
866 -3.4766 696.280473771 #DIV/0! -13.3337 0.03372 -0.0009536666 117.6968
866.5 -3.4854 696.280793082 #DIV/0! -13.3420 0.03372 -0.0009563658 117.6969
867 -3.4943 696.281113234 #DIV/0! -13.3503 0.03372 -0.0009590746 117.6969
867.5 -3.5032 696.28143423 #DIV/0! -13.3585 0.03372 -0.000961793 117.6969
868 -3.5121 696.281756071 #DIV/0! -13.3668 0.03372 -0.000964521 117.6970
868.5 -3.5211 696.282078761 #DIV/0! -13.3751 0.03372 -0.0009672587 117.6970
869 -3.5301 696.282402303 #DIV/0! -13.3834 0.03372 -0.0009700061 117.6970
869.5 -3.5391 696.282726698 #DIV/0! -13.3916 0.03372 -0.0009727633 117.6971
870 -3.5481 696.283051951 #DIV/0! -13.3999 0.03372 -0.0009755303 117.6971
870.5 -3.5572 696.283378063 #DIV/0! -13.4082 0.03372 -0.0009783072 117.6971
871 -3.5663 696.283705037 #DIV/0! -13.4165 0.03372 -0.0009810939 117.6972
871.5 -3.5754 696.284032877 #DIV/0! -13.4248 0.03372 -0.0009838907 117.6972
872 -3.5845 696.284361585 #DIV/0! -13.4330 0.03372 -0.0009866974 117.6972
872.5 -3.5937 696.284691163 #DIV/0! -13.4413 0.03372 -0.0009895142 117.6973
873 -3.6029 696.285021615 #DIV/0! -13.4496 0.03372 -0.000992341 117.6973
873.5 -3.6121 696.285352943 #DIV/0! -13.4579 0.03372 -0.000995178 117.6974
874 -3.6213 696.28568515 #DIV/0! -13.4661 0.03372 -0.0009980252 117.6974

874.5 -3.6306 696.28601824 #DIV/0! -13.4744 0.03372 -0.0010008826 117.6974
875 -3.6399 696.286352214 #DIV/0! -13.4827 0.03372 -0.0010037502 117.6975
875.5 -3.6492 696.286687076 #DIV/0! -13.4910 0.03372 -0.0010066282 117.6975
876 -3.6586 696.287022829 #DIV/0! -13.4992 0.03372 -0.0010095166 117.6975
876.5 -3.6679 696.287359475 #DIV/0! -13.5075 0.03372 -0.0010124153 117.6976
877 -3.6773 696.287697018 #DIV/0! -13.5158 0.03372 -0.0010153246 117.6976
877.5 -3.6868 696.28803546 #DIV/0! -13.5241 0.03372 -0.0010182443 117.6976
878 -3.6962 696.288374805 #DIV/0! -13.5323 0.03372 -0.0010211746 117.6977
878.5 -3.7057 696.288715054 #DIV/0! -13.5406 0.03372 -0.0010241155 117.6977
879 -3.7152 696.289056212 #DIV/0! -13.5489 0.03372 -0.0010270671 117.6978
879.5 -3.7248 696.289398281 #DIV/0! -13.5572 0.03372 -0.0010300294 117.6978
880 -3.7343 696.289741263 #DIV/0! -13.5654 0.03372 -0.0010330024 117.6978
880.5 -3.7439 696.290085163 #DIV/0! -13.5737 0.03372 -0.0010359863 117.6979
881 -3.7535 696.290429983 #DIV/0! -13.5820 0.03372 -0.001038981 117.6979
881.5 -3.7632 696.290775726 #DIV/0! -13.5903 0.03372 -0.0010419866 117.6979
882 -3.7729 696.291122396 #DIV/0! -13.5985 0.03372 -0.0010450031 117.6980
882.5 -3.7826 696.291469994 #DIV/0! -13.6068 0.033721 -0.0010480307 117.6980
883 -3.7923 696.291818524 #DIV/0! -13.6151 0.033721 -0.0010510694 117.6981
883.5 -3.8021 696.29216799 #DIV/0! -13.6234 0.033721 -0.0010541191 117.6981
884 -3.8118 696.292518394 #DIV/0! -13.6316 0.033721 -0.00105718 117.6981
884.5 -3.8217 696.292869739 #DIV/0! -13.6399 0.033721 -0.0010602522 117.6982
885 -3.8315 696.293222029 #DIV/0! -13.6482 0.033721 -0.0010633356 117.6982
885.5 -3.8414 696.293575267 #DIV/0! -13.6565 0.033721 -0.0010664303 117.6982
886 -3.8513 696.293929455 #DIV/0! -13.6648 0.033721 -0.0010695364 117.6983
886.5 -3.8612 696.294284597 #DIV/0! -13.6730 0.033721 -0.0010726539 117.6983
887 -3.8712 696.294640696 #DIV/0! -13.6813 0.033721 -0.0010757829 117.6984
887.5 -3.8812 696.294997755 #DIV/0! -13.6896 0.033721 -0.0010789235 117.6984

888 -3.8912 696.295355778 #DIV/0! -13.6979 0.033721 -0.0010820756 117.6984
888.5 -3.9012 696.295714767 #DIV/0! -13.7061 0.033721 -0.0010852394 117.6985
889 -3.9113 696.296074726 #DIV/0! -13.7144 0.033721 -0.0010884149 117.6985
889.5 -3.9214 696.296435658 #DIV/0! -13.7227 0.033721 -0.0010916022 117.6985
890 -3.9316 696.296797566 #DIV/0! -13.7310 0.033721 -0.0010948013 117.6986
890.5 -3.9417 696.297160453 #DIV/0! -13.7392 0.033721 -0.0010980122 117.6986
891 -3.9519 696.297524324 #DIV/0! -13.7475 0.033721 -0.0011012351 117.6987
891.5 -3.9621 696.29788918 #DIV/0! -13.7558 0.033721 -0.0011044699 117.6987
892 -3.9724 696.298255025 #DIV/0! -13.7641 0.033721 -0.0011077168 117.6987
892.5 -3.9827 696.298621863 #DIV/0! -13.7723 0.033721 -0.0011109758 117.6988
893 -3.9930 696.298989697 #DIV/0! -13.7806 0.033721 -0.001114247 117.6988
893.5 -4.0034 696.29935853 #DIV/0! -13.7889 0.033721 -0.0011175304 117.6989
894 -4.0137 696.299728365 #DIV/0! -13.7972 0.033721 -0.001120826 117.6989
894.5 -4.0241 696.300099207 #DIV/0! -13.8054 0.033721 -0.001124134 117.6989
895 -4.0346 696.300471057 #DIV/0! -13.8137 0.033721 -0.0011274544 117.6990
895.5 -4.0450 696.300843921 #DIV/0! -13.8220 0.033721 -0.0011307872 117.6990
896 -4.0556 696.3012178 #DIV/0! -13.8303 0.033721 -0.0011341325 117.6991
896.5 -4.0661 696.301592699 #DIV/0! -13.8385 0.033721 -0.0011374905 117.6991
897 -4.0766 696.30196862 #DIV/0! -13.8468 0.033721 -0.001140861 117.6991
897.5 -4.0872 696.302345568 #DIV/0! -13.8551 0.033721 -0.0011442443 117.6992
898 -4.0979 696.302723546 #DIV/0! -13.8634 0.033721 -0.0011476403 117.6992
898.5 -4.1085 696.303102557 #DIV/0! -13.8716 0.033721 -0.0011510491 117.6993
899 -4.1192 696.303482604 #DIV/0! -13.8799 0.033721 -0.0011544708 117.6993
899.5 -4.1299 696.303863692 #DIV/0! -13.8882 0.033721 -0.0011579055 117.6993
900 -4.1407 696.304245824 #DIV/0! -13.8965 0.033721 -0.0011613531 117.6994
900.5 -4.1515 696.304629003 #DIV/0! -13.9047 0.033721 -0.0011648139 117.6994
901 -4.1623 696.305013232 #DIV/0! -13.9130 0.033721 -0.0011682877 117.6995

Cpi Etanol Cpi Etilen Cpi Air Fi.Cpi dx/dz dT/dz dTs/dz dP/dz A
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177687.272127 0.000272 -1.06E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177686.68891 0.00027 -1.05E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177686.110601 0.000268 -1E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177685.537197 0.000265 -1E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177684.968696 0.000263 -1E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177684.405096 0.000261 -1E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177683.846396 0.000258 -1E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177683.292593 0.000256 -1E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177682.743685 0.000254 -9.92E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177682.199671 0.000252 -9.83E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177681.660548 0.000249 -9.75E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177681.126315 0.000247 -9.66E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177680.59697 0.000245 -9.57E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177680.072511 0.000243 -9.48E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177679.552936 0.00024 -9.39E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177679.038243 0.000238 -9.3E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177678.528431 0.000236 -9.21E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177678.023497 0.000233 -9.12E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177677.523441 0.000231 -9E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177677.028259 0.000229 -8.94E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177676.537952 0.000227 -8.86E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177676.052516 0.000224 -8.77E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177675.57195 0.000222 -8.68E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177675.096253 0.00022 -8.59E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177674.625422 0.000217 -8.5E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177674.159456 0.000215 -8.41E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177673.698355 0.000213 -8.32E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177673.242115 0.000211 -8.23E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177672.790735 0.000208 -8.15E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177672.344214 0.000206 -8.06E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177671.90255 0.000204 -8E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177671.465742 0.000202 -7.88E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177671.033788 0.000199 -7.79E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177670.606687 0.000197 -7.7E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177670.184436 0.000195 -7.61E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177669.767036 0.000193 -7.53E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177669.354484 0.00019 -7.44E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177668.946778 0.000188 -7.35E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177668.543918 0.000186 -7.26E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177668.145901 0.000184 -7.17E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177667.752728 0.000181 -7.08E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177667.364395 0.000179 -7E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177666.980902 0.000177 -6.91E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177666.602248 0.000174 -6.82E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177666.228431 0.000172 -6.73E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177665.85945 0.00017 -6.64E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177665.495304 0.000168 -6.56E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177665.13599 0.000165 -6.47E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177664.781509 0.000163 -6.38E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177664.431859 0.000161 -6.29E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177664.087038 0.000159 -6.2E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177663.747046 0.000156 -6.11E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177663.411881 0.000154 -6E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177663.081542 0.000152 -5.94E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177662.756028 0.00015 -5.85E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177662.435338 0.000147 -5.76E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177662.11947 0.000145 -5.67E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177661.808424 0.000143 -5.59E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177661.502198 0.000141 -5.5E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177661.200792 0.000138 -5.41E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177660.904204 0.000136 -5.32E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177660.612434 0.000134 -5.24E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177660.32548 0.000132 -5.15E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177660.043341 0.000129 -5.06E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177659.766017 0.000127 -5E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177659.493505 0.000125 -4.88E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177659.225807 0.000123 -4.8E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177658.962919 0.00012 -4.71E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177658.704843 0.000118 -4.62E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177658.451576 0.000116 -4.53E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177658.203117 0.000114 -4.45E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177657.959467 0.000111 -4.36E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177657.720624 0.000109 -4.27E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177657.486587 0.000107 -4.18E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177657.257355 0.000105 -4.09E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177657.032928 0.000103 -4E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177656.813305 0.0001 -3.92E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177656.598485 9.8E-05 -3.83E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177656.388467 9.58E-05 -3.74E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177656.183251 9.35E-05 -3.66E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177655.982836 9.13E-05 -3.57E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177655.787221 8.91E-05 -3.48E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177655.596405 8.68E-05 -3.39E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177655.410388 8.46E-05 -3.31E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177655.229169 8.23E-05 -3.22E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177655.052748 8.01E-05 -3.13E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177654.881124 7.79E-05 -3E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177654.714296 7.56E-05 -3E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177654.552264 7.34E-05 -2.87E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177654.395027 7.12E-05 -2.78E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177654.242585 6.89E-05 -2.69E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177654.094936 6.67E-05 -2.61E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177653.952082 6.44E-05 -2.52E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177653.81402 6.22E-05 -2.43E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177653.680751 6E-05 -2.34E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177653.552274 5.77E-05 -2.26E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177653.428589 5.55E-05 -2.17E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177653.309695 5.33E-05 -2.08E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177653.195592 5.1E-05 -2E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177653.086279 4.88E-05 -1.91E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.981757 4.66E-05 -1.82E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.882023 4.43E-05 -1.73E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.78708 4.21E-05 -1.64E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.696925 3.98E-05 -1.56E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.611559 3.76E-05 -1.47E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.530981 3.54E-05 -1.38E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.455192 3.31E-05 -1.3E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.38419 3.09E-05 -1.21E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.317976 2.87E-05 -1.12E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.256549 2.64E-05 -1E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.199909 2.42E-05 -9.46E-07 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.148056 2.2E-05 -8.59E-07 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.10099 1.97E-05 -7.71E-07 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.05871 1.75E-05 -6.84E-07 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.021217 1.53E-05 -6E-07 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177651.98851 1.3E-05 -5.09E-07 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177651.96059 1.08E-05 -4.22E-07 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177651.937455 8.56E-06 -3.35E-07 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177651.919106 6.33E-06 -2.47E-07 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177651.905543 4.1E-06 -1.6E-07 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177651.896766 1.86E-06 -7.28E-08 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177651.892775 -3.71E-07 1.45E-08 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177651.89357 -2.6E-06 1.02E-07 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177651.89915 -4.84E-06 1.89E-07 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177651.909516 -7.07E-06 2.76E-07 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177651.924668 -9.31E-06 3.64E-07 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177651.944606 -1.15E-05 4.51E-07 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177651.96933 -1.38E-05 5.38E-07 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177651.99884 -1.6E-05 6.26E-07 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.033136 -1.82E-05 7.13E-07 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.072218 -2E-05 8E-07 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.116087 -2.27E-05 8.88E-07 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.164742 -2.49E-05 9.75E-07 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.218183 -2.72E-05 1.06E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.276412 -2.94E-05 1.15E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.339427 -3.16E-05 1.24E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.40723 -3.39E-05 1.32E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.479821 -3.61E-05 1.41E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.557199 -3.84E-05 1.5E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.639365 -4.06E-05 1.59E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.726319 -4.28E-05 1.67E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.818062 -4.51E-05 1.76E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177652.914594 -4.73E-05 1.85E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177653.015915 -5E-05 1.94E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177653.122025 -5.18E-05 2.02E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177653.232926 -5.4E-05 2.11E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177653.348616 -5.62E-05 2.2E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177653.469098 -5.85E-05 2.29E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177653.59437 -6.07E-05 2.37E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177653.724434 -6.29E-05 2.46E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177653.859291 -6.52E-05 2.55E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177653.998939 -6.74E-05 2.64E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177654.14338 -7E-05 2.72E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177654.292615 -7.19E-05 2.81E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177654.446644 -7.41E-05 2.9E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177654.605467 -7.64E-05 2.99E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177654.769085 -7.86E-05 3.07E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177654.937499 -8.08E-05 3.16E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177655.110709 -8.31E-05 3.25E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177655.288715 -8.53E-05 3.34E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177655.471519 -8.76E-05 3.42E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177655.659121 -9E-05 3.51E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177655.851521 -9.2E-05 3.6E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177656.048721 -9.43E-05 3.69E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177656.25072 -9.65E-05 3.77E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177656.457521 -9.88E-05 3.86E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177656.669122 -0.000101 3.95E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177656.885526 -0.000103 4.04E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177657.106732 -0.000105 4.12E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177657.332742 -0.000108 4.21E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177657.563557 -0.00011 4.3E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177657.799176 -0.000112 4.39E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177658.039602 -0.000114 4.47E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177658.284834 -0.000117 4.56E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177658.534874 -0.000119 4.65E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177658.789722 -0.000121 4.74E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177659.04938 -0.000123 4.83E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177659.313848 -0.000126 4.91E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177659.583127 -0.000128 5E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177659.857219 -0.00013 5.09E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177660.136123 -0.000132 5.18E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177660.419841 -0.000135 5.26E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177660.708375 -0.000137 5.35E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177661.001724 -0.000139 5.44E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177661.29989 -0.000141 5.53E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177661.602874 -0.000144 5.62E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177661.910678 -0.000146 5.7E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177662.223301 -0.000148 5.79E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177662.540746 -0.00015 5.88E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177662.863013 -0.000153 5.97E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177663.190103 -0.000155 6.06E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177663.522018 -0.000157 6.14E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177663.858759 -0.000159 6.23E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177664.200326 -0.000162 6.32E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177664.546721 -0.000164 6.41E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177664.897946 -0.000166 6.5E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177665.254001 -0.000168 6.58E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177665.614888 -0.000171 6.67E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177665.980607 -0.000173 6.76E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177666.351161 -0.000175 6.85E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177666.72655 -0.000177 6.94E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177667.106776 -0.00018 7.02E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177667.49184 -0.000182 7.11E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177667.881744 -0.000184 7.2E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177668.276488 -0.000187 7.29E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177668.676074 -0.000189 7.38E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177669.080504 -0.000191 7.47E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177669.489778 -0.000193 7.55E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177669.903899 -0.000196 7.64E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177670.322868 -0.000198 7.73E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177670.746685 -0.0002 7.82E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177671.175354 -0.000202 7.91E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177671.608874 -0.000205 8E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177672.047248 -0.000207 8.09E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177672.490478 -0.000209 8.17E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177672.938564 -0.000211 8.26E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177673.391508 -0.000214 8.35E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177673.849312 -0.000216 8.44E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177674.311977 -0.000218 8.53E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177674.779505 -0.00022 8.62E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177675.251898 -0.000223 8.71E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177675.729157 -0.000225 8.8E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177676.211284 -0.000227 8.88E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177676.69828 -0.00023 8.97E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177677.190148 -0.000232 9.06E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177677.686889 -0.000234 9.15E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177678.188504 -0.000236 9.24E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177678.694995 -0.000239 9.33E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177679.206365 -0.000241 9.42E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177679.722615 -0.000243 9.51E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177680.243747 -0.000246 9.6E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177680.769761 -0.000248 9.68E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177681.300662 -0.00025 9.77E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177681.836449 -0.000252 9.86E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177682.377126 -0.000255 9.95E-06 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177682.922693 -0.000257 1E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177683.473153 -0.000259 1.01E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177684.028508 -0.000262 1.02E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177684.58876 -0.000264 1.03E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177685.15391 -0.000266 1.04E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177685.723961 -0.000268 1.05E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177686.298914 -0.000271 1.06E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177686.878772 -0.000273 1.07E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177687.463536 -0.000275 1.08E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177688.053209 -0.000278 1.08E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177688.647793 -0.00028 1.09E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177689.247289 -0.000282 1.1E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177689.8517 -0.000284 1.11E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177690.461027 -0.000287 1.12E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177691.075274 -0.000289 1.13E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177691.694442 -0.000291 1.14E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177692.318533 -0.000294 1.15E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177692.94755 -0.000296 1.16E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177693.581494 -0.000298 1.17E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177694.220368 -0.000301 1.17E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177694.864174 -0.000303 1.18E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177695.512914 -0.000305 1.19E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177696.166591 -0.000307 1.2E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177696.825207 -0.00031 1.21E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177697.488763 -0.000312 1.22E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177698.157263 -0.000314 1.23E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177698.830709 -0.000317 1.24E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177699.509103 -0.000319 1.25E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177700.192448 -0.000321 1.26E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177700.880745 -0.000324 1.26E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177701.573997 -0.000326 1.27E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177702.272207 -0.000328 1.28E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177702.975377 -0.000331 1.29E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177703.68351 -0.000333 1.3E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177704.396607 -0.000335 1.31E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177705.114672 -0.000337 1.32E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177705.837707 -0.00034 1.33E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177706.565715 -0.000342 1.34E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177707.298697 -0.000344 1.35E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177708.036657 -0.000347 1.36E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177708.779598 -0.000349 1.36E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177709.52752 -0.000351 1.37E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177710.280429 -0.000354 1.38E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177711.038325 -0.000356 1.39E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177711.801212 -0.000358 1.4E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177712.569092 -0.000361 1.41E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177713.341968 -0.000363 1.42E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177714.119843 -0.000365 1.43E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177714.902719 -0.000368 1.44E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177715.690599 -0.00037 1.45E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177716.483486 -0.000372 1.46E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177717.281382 -0.000375 1.46E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177718.084291 -0.000377 1.47E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177718.892216 -0.000379 1.48E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177719.705158 -0.000382 1.49E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177720.523121 -0.000384 1.5E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177721.346108 -0.000386 1.51E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177722.174121 -0.000389 1.52E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177723.007164 -0.000391 1.53E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177723.845239 -0.000394 1.54E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7305 37.1186 177724.68835 -0.000396 1.55E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7306 37.1186 177725.536499 -0.000398 1.56E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7306 37.1186 177726.389689 -0.000401 1.57E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7306 37.1186 177727.247924 -0.000403 1.57E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7306 37.1186 177728.111206 -0.000405 1.58E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7306 37.1186 177728.979538 -0.000408 1.59E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7306 37.1186 177729.852923 -0.00041 1.6E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7306 37.1186 177730.731364 -0.000412 1.61E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6828 77.7306 37.1186 177731.614866 -0.000415 1.62E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177732.503429 -0.000417 1.63E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177733.397058 -0.000419 1.64E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177734.295756 -0.000422 1.65E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177735.199526 -0.000424 1.66E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177736.108371 -0.000427 1.67E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177737.022295 -0.000429 1.68E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177737.941299 -0.000431 1.69E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177738.865389 -0.000434 1.69E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177739.794566 -0.000436 1.7E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177740.728835 -0.000438 1.71E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177741.668198 -0.000441 1.72E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177742.612659 -0.000443 1.73E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177743.562221 -0.000446 1.74E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177744.516887 -0.000448 1.75E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177745.476661 -0.00045 1.76E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177746.441546 -0.000453 1.77E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177747.411546 -0.000455 1.78E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177748.386664 -0.000458 1.79E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177749.366903 -0.00046 1.8E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177750.352267 -0.000462 1.81E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177751.342759 -0.000465 1.82E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177752.338383 -0.000467 1.82E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177753.339142 -0.00047 1.83E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177754.345039 -0.000472 1.84E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177755.35608 -0.000474 1.85E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177756.372265 -0.000477 1.86E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177757.393601 -0.000479 1.87E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177758.420089 -0.000482 1.88E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177759.451734 -0.000484 1.89E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177760.48854 -0.000486 1.9E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177761.530509 -0.000489 1.91E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177762.577646 -0.000491 1.92E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177763.629954 -0.000494 1.93E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177764.687437 -0.000496 1.94E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177765.750098 -0.000498 1.95E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177766.817943 -0.000501 1.96E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177767.890973 -0.000503 1.97E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177768.969193 -0.000506 1.98E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177770.052607 -0.000508 1.98E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177771.141219 -0.000511 1.99E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177772.235032 -0.000513 2E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177773.334051 -0.000515 2.01E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177774.438278 -0.000518 2.02E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177775.547719 -0.00052 2.03E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177776.662377 -0.000523 2.04E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177777.782256 -0.000525 2.05E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177778.907359 -0.000528 2.06E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177780.037691 -0.00053 2.07E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177781.173257 -0.000532 2.08E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177782.314059 -0.000535 2.09E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177783.460102 -0.000537 2.1E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177784.61139 -0.00054 2.11E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177785.767927 -0.000542 2.12E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177786.929717 -0.000545 2.13E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177788.096764 -0.000547 2.14E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177789.269073 -0.00055 2.15E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177790.446647 -0.000552 2.16E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177791.629491 -0.000555 2.17E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177792.817608 -0.000557 2.18E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177794.011004 -0.000559 2.19E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177795.209682 -0.000562 2.19E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177796.413646 -0.000564 2.2E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177797.622901 -0.000567 2.21E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177798.837452 -0.000569 2.22E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177800.057301 -0.000572 2.23E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177801.282455 -0.000574 2.24E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177802.512916 -0.000577 2.25E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177803.74869 -0.000579 2.26E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177804.98978 -0.000582 2.27E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177806.236192 -0.000584 2.28E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177807.487929 -0.000587 2.29E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177808.744997 -0.000589 2.3E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177810.007399 -0.000592 2.31E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177811.27514 -0.000594 2.32E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177812.548224 -0.000597 2.33E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177813.826656 -0.000599 2.34E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177815.110441 -0.000602 2.35E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177816.399584 -0.000604 2.36E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177817.694087 -0.000607 2.37E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177818.993958 -0.000609 2.38E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177820.299199 -0.000612 2.39E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177821.609815 -0.000614 2.4E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177822.925812 -0.000617 2.41E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177824.247194 -0.000619 2.42E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177825.573966 -0.000622 2.43E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177826.906131 -0.000624 2.44E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177828.243696 -0.000627 2.45E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177829.586665 -0.000629 2.46E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177830.935042 -0.000632 2.47E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177832.288833 -0.000634 2.48E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6829 77.7306 37.1186 177833.648042 -0.000637 2.49E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7306 37.1186 177835.012675 -0.000639 2.5E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7306 37.1186 177836.382735 -0.000642 2.51E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7306 37.1186 177837.758228 -0.000645 2.52E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7306 37.1186 177839.139159 -0.000647 2.53E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6830 77.7306 37.1186 177840.525533 -0.00065 2.54E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7306 37.1186 177841.917354 -0.000652 2.55E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7306 37.1186 177843.314628 -0.000655 2.56E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7306 37.1186 177844.717359 -0.000657 2.57E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7306 37.1186 177846.125553 -0.00066 2.58E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7306 37.1186 177847.539215 -0.000662 2.59E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7306 37.1186 177848.95835 -0.000665 2.6E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7306 37.1186 177850.382962 -0.000668 2.61E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7306 37.1186 177851.813057 -0.00067 2.62E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7306 37.1186 177853.24864 -0.000673 2.63E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7306 37.1186 177854.689717 -0.000675 2.64E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7306 37.1186 177856.136291 -0.000678 2.65E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7306 37.1186 177857.588369 -0.00068 2.66E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7306 37.1186 177859.045956 -0.000683 2.67E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7306 37.1186 177860.509056 -0.000685 2.68E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7306 37.1186 177861.977676 -0.000688 2.69E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7306 37.1186 177863.45182 -0.000691 2.7E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7306 37.1186 177864.931494 -0.000693 2.71E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7306 37.1186 177866.416703 -0.000696 2.72E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7306 37.1186 177867.907451 -0.000698 2.73E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177869.403746 -0.000701 2.74E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177870.905592 -0.000704 2.75E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177872.412994 -0.000706 2.76E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177873.925957 -0.000709 2.77E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177875.444488 -0.000711 2.78E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177876.968592 -0.000714 2.79E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177878.498274 -0.000717 2.8E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177880.03354 -0.000719 2.81E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177881.574394 -0.000722 2.82E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177883.120844 -0.000724 2.83E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177884.672893 -0.000727 2.84E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177886.230549 -0.00073 2.85E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177887.793816 -0.000732 2.86E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177889.3627 -0.000735 2.87E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177890.937207 -0.000738 2.88E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177892.517342 -0.00074 2.89E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177894.103111 -0.000743 2.9E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177895.69452 -0.000745 2.91E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177897.291574 -0.000748 2.92E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177898.89428 -0.000751 2.93E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177900.502643 -0.000753 2.94E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177902.116669 -0.000756 2.95E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177903.736363 -0.000759 2.96E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177905.361732 -0.000761 2.97E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177906.992782 -0.000764 2.98E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177908.629517 -0.000767 2.99E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177910.271945 -0.000769 3E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177911.920071 -0.000772 3.01E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177913.573901 -0.000775 3.02E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177915.233441 -0.000777 3.03E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177916.898697 -0.00078 3.04E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177918.569675 -0.000783 3.05E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1186 177920.246381 -0.000785 3.06E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1187 177921.928821 -0.000788 3.08E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6830 77.7307 37.1187 177923.617002 -0.000791 3.09E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1187 177925.310929 -0.000793 3.1E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1187 177927.010609 -0.000796 3.11E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1187 177928.716047 -0.000799 3.12E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1187 177930.42725 -0.000801 3.13E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1187 177932.144224 -0.000804 3.14E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1187 177933.866975 -0.000807 3.15E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6830 77.7307 37.1187 177935.59551 -0.000809 3.16E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177937.329835 -0.000812 3.17E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177939.069955 -0.000815 3.18E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177940.815878 -0.000818 3.19E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177942.56761 -0.00082 3.2E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177944.325157 -0.000823 3.21E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177946.088525 -0.000826 3.22E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177947.857721 -0.000828 3.23E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177949.632752 -0.000831 3.24E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177951.413623 -0.000834 3.25E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177953.200342 -0.000837 3.26E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177954.992914 -0.000839 3.28E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177956.791346 -0.000842 3.29E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177958.595645 -0.000845 3.3E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177960.405818 -0.000848 3.31E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177962.22187 -0.00085 3.32E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177964.043809 -0.000853 3.33E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177965.871642 -0.000856 3.34E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177967.705374 -0.000859 3.35E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177969.545012 -0.000861 3.36E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177971.390564 -0.000864 3.37E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177973.242036 -0.000867 3.38E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177975.099435 -0.00087 3.39E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177976.962767 -0.000872 3.4E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177978.83204 -0.000875 3.41E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177980.707259 -0.000878 3.43E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177982.588433 -0.000881 3.44E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177984.475568 -0.000884 3.45E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177986.36867 -0.000886 3.46E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177988.267747 -0.000889 3.47E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177990.172806 -0.000892 3.48E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177992.083853 -0.000895 3.49E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177994.000896 -0.000898 3.5E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177995.923942 -0.0009 3.51E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177997.852997 -0.000903 3.52E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 177999.788069 -0.000906 3.53E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 178001.729165 -0.000909 3.55E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 178003.676292 -0.000912 3.56E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 178005.629456 -0.000914 3.57E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 178007.588667 -0.000917 3.58E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 178009.553929 -0.00092 3.59E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7307 37.1187 178011.525251 -0.000923 3.6E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7308 37.1187 178013.502641 -0.000926 3.61E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7308 37.1187 178015.486104 -0.000929 3.62E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7308 37.1187 178017.475649 -0.000931 3.63E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7308 37.1187 178019.471282 -0.000934 3.64E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7308 37.1187 178021.473012 -0.000937 3.66E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6831 77.7308 37.1187 178023.480845 -0.00094 3.67E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7308 37.1187 178025.494789 -0.000943 3.68E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7308 37.1187 178027.514851 -0.000946 3.69E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7308 37.1187 178029.541038 -0.000949 3.7E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7308 37.1187 178031.573359 -0.000951 3.71E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7308 37.1187 178033.611821 -0.000954 3.72E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7308 37.1187 178035.656431 -0.000957 3.73E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6831 77.7308 37.1187 178037.707196 -0.00096 3.74E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178039.764125 -0.000963 3.76E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178041.827224 -0.000966 3.77E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178043.896502 -0.000969 3.78E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178045.971966 -0.000972 3.79E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178048.053624 -0.000974 3.8E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178050.141483 -0.000977 3.81E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178052.235551 -0.00098 3.82E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178054.335837 -0.000983 3.83E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178056.442346 -0.000986 3.85E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178058.555089 -0.000989 3.86E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178060.674071 -0.000992 3.87E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178062.799302 -0.000995 3.88E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178064.930788 -0.000998 3.89E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178067.068539 -0.001001 3.9E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178069.212561 -0.001004 3.91E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178071.362863 -0.001007 3.93E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178073.519452 -0.00101 3.94E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178075.682337 -0.001012 3.95E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178077.851526 -0.001015 3.96E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178080.027027 -0.001018 3.97E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178082.208847 -0.001021 3.98E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178084.396996 -0.001024 3.99E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178086.59148 -0.001027 4.01E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178088.792309 -0.00103 4.02E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178090.99949 -0.001033 4.03E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178093.213031 -0.001036 4.04E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178095.432942 -0.001039 4.05E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178097.659229 -0.001042 4.06E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178099.891902 -0.001045 4.07E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178102.130969 -0.001048 4.09E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178104.376437 -0.001051 4.1E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178106.628316 -0.001054 4.11E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178108.886614 -0.001057 4.12E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178111.151339 -0.00106 4.13E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178113.422499 -0.001063 4.14E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178115.700104 -0.001066 4.16E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178117.984161 -0.001069 4.17E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178120.27468 -0.001072 4.18E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178122.571668 -0.001075 4.19E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178124.875134 -0.001078 4.2E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178127.185087 -0.001081 4.21E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178129.501536 -0.001084 4.23E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178131.824489 -0.001087 4.24E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178134.153955 -0.00109 4.25E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178136.489943 -0.001093 4.26E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6832 77.7308 37.1187 178138.832461 -0.001096 4.27E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6833 77.7308 37.1187 178141.181518 -0.001099 4.29E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7308 37.1187 178143.537122 -0.001103 4.3E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7308 37.1187 178145.899284 -0.001106 4.31E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7308 37.1187 178148.268011 -0.001109 4.32E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7308 37.1187 178150.643313 -0.001112 4.33E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7308 37.1187 178153.025198 -0.001115 4.35E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178155.413676 -0.001118 4.36E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178157.808755 -0.001121 4.37E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178160.210444 -0.001124 4.38E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178162.618752 -0.001127 4.39E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178165.033689 -0.00113 4.41E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178167.455264 -0.001133 4.42E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178169.883485 -0.001136 4.43E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178172.318362 -0.00114 4.44E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178174.759903 -0.001143 4.45E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178177.208119 -0.001146 4.47E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178179.663018 -0.001149 4.48E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178182.124609 -0.001152 4.49E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178184.592903 -0.001155 4.5E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178187.067908 -0.001158 4.51E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178189.549633 -0.001161 4.53E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178192.038088 -0.001165 4.54E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178194.533282 -0.001168 4.55E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178197.035225 -0.001171 4.56E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178199.543926 -0.001174 4.58E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178202.059395 -0.001177 4.59E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178204.58164 -0.00118 4.6E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178207.110673 -0.001184 4.61E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178209.646502 -0.001187 4.62E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178212.189136 -0.00119 4.64E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178214.738587 -0.001193 4.65E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178217.294862 -0.001196 4.66E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178219.857972 -0.001199 4.67E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178222.427927 -0.001203 4.69E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178225.004736 -0.001206 4.7E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178227.588409 -0.001209 4.71E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178230.178956 -0.001212 4.72E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178232.776387 -0.001216 4.74E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178235.380711 -0.001219 4.75E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178237.991939 -0.001222 4.76E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6833 77.7309 37.1187 178240.61008 -0.001225 4.77E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7309 37.1187 178243.235145 -0.001228 4.79E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7309 37.1187 178245.867143 -0.001232 4.8E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7309 37.1187 178248.506084 -0.001235 4.81E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7309 37.1187 178251.151979 -0.001238 4.82E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7309 37.1187 178253.804837 -0.001241 4.84E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7309 37.1187 178256.464669 -0.001245 4.85E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7309 37.1187 178259.131485 -0.001248 4.86E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7309 37.1187 178261.805295 -0.001251 4.87E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7309 37.1187 178264.486109 -0.001254 4.89E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7309 37.1187 178267.173938 -0.001258 4.9E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7309 37.1187 178269.868791 -0.001261 4.91E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7309 37.1187 178272.570679 -0.001264 4.92E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7309 37.1187 178275.279612 -0.001268 4.94E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6834 77.7309 37.1187 178277.995601 -0.001271 4.95E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7309 37.1187 178280.718656 -0.001274 4.96E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7309 37.1187 178283.448787 -0.001278 4.98E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7309 37.1187 178286.186005 -0.001281 4.99E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7309 37.1187 178288.930321 -0.001284 5E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7309 37.1187 178291.681744 -0.001287 5.01E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7309 37.1187 178294.440286 -0.001291 5.03E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7309 37.1187 178297.205957 -0.001294 5.04E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7310 37.1187 178299.978768 -0.001297 5.05E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7310 37.1187 178302.758729 -0.001301 5.07E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7310 37.1187 178305.545851 -0.001304 5.08E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7310 37.1187 178308.340144 -0.001308 5.09E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7310 37.1187 178311.14162 -0.001311 5.11E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7310 37.1187 178313.950289 -0.001314 5.12E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7310 37.1187 178316.766162 -0.001318 5.13E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7310 37.1187 178319.58925 -0.001321 5.14E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7310 37.1187 178322.419563 -0.001324 5.16E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7310 37.1187 178325.257113 -0.001328 5.17E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7310 37.1187 178328.101911 -0.001331 5.18E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7310 37.1187 178330.953967 -0.001335 5.2E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7310 37.1187 178333.813292 -0.001338 5.21E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7310 37.1187 178336.679898 -0.001341 5.22E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7310 37.1187 178339.553795 -0.001345 5.24E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6834 77.7310 37.1187 178342.434995 -0.001348 5.25E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178345.323509 -0.001352 5.26E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178348.219347 -0.001355 5.28E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178351.122522 -0.001358 5.29E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178354.033044 -0.001362 5.3E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178356.950924 -0.001365 5.32E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178359.876174 -0.001369 5.33E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178362.808806 -0.001372 5.34E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178365.74883 -0.001376 5.36E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178368.696258 -0.001379 5.37E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178371.651101 -0.001383 5.38E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178374.613371 -0.001386 5.4E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178377.58308 -0.00139 5.41E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178380.560238 -0.001393 5.42E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178383.544858 -0.001396 5.44E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178386.53695 -0.0014 5.45E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178389.536528 -0.001403 5.46E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178392.543601 -0.001407 5.48E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178395.558183 -0.00141 5.49E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178398.580284 -0.001414 5.5E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178401.609917 -0.001418 5.52E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178404.647093 -0.001421 5.53E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178407.691824 -0.001425 5.54E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178410.744122 -0.001428 5.56E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178413.803998 -0.001432 5.57E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178416.871466 -0.001435 5.59E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178419.946536 -0.001439 5.6E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178423.029222 -0.001442 5.61E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178426.119534 -0.001446 5.63E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178429.217484 -0.001449 5.64E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178432.323086 -0.001453 5.65E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178435.436351 -0.001457 5.67E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178438.557292 -0.00146 5.68E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7310 37.1187 178441.68592 -0.001464 5.7E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6835 77.7311 37.1187 178444.822248 -0.001467 5.71E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178447.966287 -0.001471 5.72E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178451.118052 -0.001475 5.74E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178454.277553 -0.001478 5.75E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178457.444803 -0.001482 5.77E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178460.619815 -0.001485 5.78E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178463.802601 -0.001489 5.79E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178466.993174 -0.001493 5.81E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178470.191545 -0.001496 5.82E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178473.397729 -0.0015 5.84E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178476.611736 -0.001504 5.85E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178479.833581 -0.001507 5.86E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178483.063275 -0.001511 5.88E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178486.300832 -0.001515 5.89E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178489.546264 -0.001518 5.91E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178492.799584 -0.001522 5.92E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178496.060804 -0.001526 5.94E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178499.329939 -0.001529 5.95E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178502.606999 -0.001533 5.96E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178505.892 -0.001537 5.98E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178509.184952 -0.001541 5.99E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178512.485871 -0.001544 6.01E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178515.794767 -0.001548 6.02E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178519.111656 -0.001552 6.04E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178522.436549 -0.001556 6.05E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178525.76946 -0.001559 6.07E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178529.110403 -0.001563 6.08E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178532.459389 -0.001567 6.09E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178535.816434 -0.001571 6.11E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178539.181549 -0.001574 6.12E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178542.554749 -0.001578 6.14E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178545.936047 -0.001582 6.15E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6836 77.7311 37.1187 178549.325455 -0.001586 6.17E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7311 37.1187 178552.722989 -0.001589 6.18E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7311 37.1187 178556.12866 -0.001593 6.2E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7311 37.1187 178559.542484 -0.001597 6.21E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7311 37.1187 178562.964473 -0.001601 6.23E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7311 37.1187 178566.39464 -0.001605 6.24E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7311 37.1187 178569.833001 -0.001609 6.26E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7311 37.1187 178573.279568 -0.001612 6.27E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7311 37.1187 178576.734354 -0.001616 6.28E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7311 37.1187 178580.197375 -0.00162 6.3E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7311 37.1187 178583.668644 -0.001624 6.31E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7312 37.1187 178587.148174 -0.001628 6.33E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7312 37.1187 178590.635979 -0.001632 6.34E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7312 37.1187 178594.132074 -0.001636 6.36E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7312 37.1187 178597.636472 -0.001639 6.37E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7312 37.1187 178601.149188 -0.001643 6.39E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7312 37.1187 178604.670235 -0.001647 6.4E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7312 37.1187 178608.199628 -0.001651 6.42E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7312 37.1187 178611.737381 -0.001655 6.43E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6837 77.7312 37.1187 178615.283508 -0.001659 6.45E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7312 37.1187 178618.838022 -0.001663 6.46E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7312 37.1187 178622.40094 -0.001667 6.48E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7312 37.1187 178625.972274 -0.001671 6.49E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7312 37.1187 178629.552039 -0.001675 6.51E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7312 37.1187 178633.140249 -0.001679 6.53E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7312 37.1187 178636.73692 -0.001683 6.54E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7312 37.1187 178640.342064 -0.001687 6.56E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7312 37.1187 178643.955698 -0.00169 6.57E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7312 37.1187 178647.577835 -0.001694 6.59E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6837 77.7312 37.1187 178651.20849 -0.001698 6.6E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7312 37.1187 178654.847678 -0.001702 6.62E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7312 37.1187 178658.495413 -0.001706 6.63E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7312 37.1187 178662.151711 -0.00171 6.65E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7312 37.1187 178665.816585 -0.001714 6.66E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7312 37.1187 178669.49005 -0.001718 6.68E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7312 37.1187 178673.172123 -0.001722 6.69E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7312 37.1187 178676.862816 -0.001727 6.71E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7312 37.1187 178680.562146 -0.001731 6.73E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7312 37.1187 178684.270127 -0.001735 6.74E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7312 37.1187 178687.986774 -0.001739 6.76E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7312 37.1187 178691.712103 -0.001743 6.77E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7312 37.1187 178695.446128 -0.001747 6.79E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7312 37.1187 178699.188865 -0.001751 6.8E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7312 37.1187 178702.940328 -0.001755 6.82E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7312 37.1187 178706.700534 -0.001759 6.84E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7312 37.1187 178710.469496 -0.001763 6.85E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6838 77.7312 37.1187 178714.247232 -0.001767 6.87E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7312 37.1187 178718.033755 -0.001771 6.88E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7312 37.1187 178721.829081 -0.001775 6.9E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7312 37.1187 178725.633226 -0.00178 6.91E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7312 37.1187 178729.446206 -0.001784 6.93E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7313 37.1187 178733.268035 -0.001788 6.95E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7313 37.1187 178737.09873 -0.001792 6.96E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7313 37.1187 178740.938305 -0.001796 6.98E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7313 37.1187 178744.786778 -0.0018 6.99E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7313 37.1187 178748.644162 -0.001804 7.01E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6838 77.7313 37.1187 178752.510475 -0.001809 7.03E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1187 178756.385731 -0.001813 7.04E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1187 178760.269948 -0.001817 7.06E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1187 178764.16314 -0.001821 7.07E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1187 178768.065323 -0.001825 7.09E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1187 178771.976514 -0.00183 7.11E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1187 178775.896728 -0.001834 7.12E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1187 178779.825983 -0.001838 7.14E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1187 178783.764292 -0.001842 7.16E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1187 178787.711674 -0.001847 7.17E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1187 178791.668144 -0.001851 7.19E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1187 178795.633718 -0.001855 7.2E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1187 178799.608412 -0.001859 7.22E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1187 178803.592244 -0.001864 7.24E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1187 178807.585229 -0.001868 7.25E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1187 178811.587384 -0.001872 7.27E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1187 178815.598725 -0.001876 7.29E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6839 77.7313 37.1187 178819.619268 -0.001881 7.3E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1187 178823.649031 -0.001885 7.32E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1187 178827.68803 -0.001889 7.34E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1187 178831.736282 -0.001894 7.35E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1187 178835.793803 -0.001898 7.37E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1187 178839.86061 -0.001902 7.39E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1187 178843.93672 -0.001907 7.4E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1188 178848.022149 -0.001911 7.42E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1188 178852.116915 -0.001915 7.44E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6839 77.7313 37.1188 178856.221035 -0.00192 7.45E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6840 77.7313 37.1188 178860.334525 -0.001924 7.47E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6840 77.7313 37.1188 178864.457403 -0.001929 7.49E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6840 77.7313 37.1188 178868.589686 -0.001933 7.5E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6840 77.7313 37.1188 178872.73139 -0.001937 7.52E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6840 77.7314 37.1188 178876.882534 -0.001942 7.54E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6840 77.7314 37.1188 178881.043133 -0.001946 7.55E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6840 77.7314 37.1188 178885.213206 -0.001951 7.57E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6840 77.7314 37.1188 178889.392771 -0.001955 7.59E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6840 77.7314 37.1188 178893.581843 -0.001959 7.61E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6840 77.7314 37.1188 178897.780441 -0.001964 7.62E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6840 77.7314 37.1188 178901.988582 -0.001968 7.64E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6840 77.7314 37.1188 178906.206284 -0.001973 7.66E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6840 77.7314 37.1188 178910.433564 -0.001977 7.67E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6840 77.7314 37.1188 178914.670439 -0.001982 7.69E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6840 77.7314 37.1188 178918.916929 -0.001986 7.71E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6840 77.7314 37.1188 178923.173049 -0.001991 7.73E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6840 77.7314 37.1188 178927.438819 -0.001995 7.74E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6840 77.7314 37.1188 178931.714255 -0.002 7.76E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6840 77.7314 37.1188 178935.999377 -0.002004 7.78E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6840 77.7314 37.1188 178940.2942 -0.002009 7.8E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6840 77.7314 37.1188 178944.598745 -0.002013 7.81E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6840 77.7314 37.1188 178948.913028 -0.002018 7.83E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6840 77.7314 37.1188 178953.237068 -0.002023 7.85E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6840 77.7314 37.1188 178957.570882 -0.002027 7.87E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6841 77.7314 37.1188 178961.91449 -0.002032 7.88E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6841 77.7314 37.1188 178966.267909 -0.002036 7.9E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6841 77.7314 37.1188 178970.631157 -0.002041 7.92E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6841 77.7314 37.1188 178975.004253 -0.002046 7.94E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6841 77.7314 37.1188 178979.387216 -0.00205 7.95E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6841 77.7314 37.1188 178983.780063 -0.002055 7.97E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6841 77.7314 37.1188 178988.182813 -0.002059 7.99E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6841 77.7314 37.1188 178992.595485 -0.002064 8.01E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6841 77.7314 37.1188 178997.018097 -0.002069 8.03E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6841 77.7314 37.1188 179001.450668 -0.002073 8.04E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6841 77.7314 37.1188 179005.893216 -0.002078 8.06E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6841 77.7314 37.1188 179010.345761 -0.002083 8.08E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6841 77.7314 37.1188 179014.808321 -0.002087 8.1E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6841 77.7315 37.1188 179019.280915 -0.002092 8.11E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6841 77.7315 37.1188 179023.763562 -0.002097 8.13E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6841 77.7315 37.1188 179028.25628 -0.002101 8.15E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6841 77.7315 37.1188 179032.75909 -0.002106 8.17E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6841 77.7315 37.1188 179037.272009 -0.002111 8.19E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6841 77.7315 37.1188 179041.795057 -0.002116 8.21E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6841 77.7315 37.1188 179046.328254 -0.00212 8.22E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6841 77.7315 37.1188 179050.871617 -0.002125 8.24E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6841 77.7315 37.1188 179055.425168 -0.00213 8.26E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6841 77.7315 37.1188 179059.988924 -0.002135 8.28E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6842 77.7315 37.1188 179064.562906 -0.002139 8.3E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6842 77.7315 37.1188 179069.147132 -0.002144 8.31E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6842 77.7315 37.1188 179073.741623 -0.002149 8.33E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6842 77.7315 37.1188 179078.346398 -0.002154 8.35E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6842 77.7315 37.1188 179082.961476 -0.002159 8.37E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6842 77.7315 37.1188 179087.586877 -0.002163 8.39E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6842 77.7315 37.1188 179092.222621 -0.002168 8.41E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6842 77.7315 37.1188 179096.868727 -0.002173 8.43E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6842 77.7315 37.1188 179101.525216 -0.002178 8.44E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6842 77.7315 37.1188 179106.192107 -0.002183 8.46E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6842 77.7315 37.1188 179110.86942 -0.002188 8.48E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6842 77.7315 37.1188 179115.557175 -0.002193 8.5E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6842 77.7315 37.1188 179120.255393 -0.002197 8.52E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6842 77.7315 37.1188 179124.964093 -0.002202 8.54E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6842 77.7315 37.1188 179129.683295 -0.002207 8.56E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6842 77.7315 37.1188 179134.41302 -0.002212 8.58E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6842 77.7315 37.1188 179139.153288 -0.002217 8.59E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6842 77.7315 37.1188 179143.904119 -0.002222 8.61E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6842 77.7315 37.1188 179148.665534 -0.002227 8.63E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6842 77.7315 37.1188 179153.437553 -0.002232 8.65E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6842 77.7315 37.1188 179158.220196 -0.002237 8.67E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6842 77.7316 37.1188 179163.013484 -0.002242 8.69E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6843 77.7316 37.1188 179167.817439 -0.002247 8.71E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6843 77.7316 37.1188 179172.632079 -0.002252 8.73E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6843 77.7316 37.1188 179177.457427 -0.002257 8.75E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6843 77.7316 37.1188 179182.293503 -0.002262 8.77E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6843 77.7316 37.1188 179187.140327 -0.002267 8.79E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6843 77.7316 37.1188 179191.997921 -0.002272 8.8E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6843 77.7316 37.1188 179196.866306 -0.002277 8.82E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6843 77.7316 37.1188 179201.745502 -0.002282 8.84E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6843 77.7316 37.1188 179206.635531 -0.002287 8.86E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6843 77.7316 37.1188 179211.536414 -0.002292 8.88E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6843 77.7316 37.1188 179216.448171 -0.002297 8.9E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6843 77.7316 37.1188 179221.370825 -0.002302 8.92E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6843 77.7316 37.1188 179226.304397 -0.002308 8.94E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6843 77.7316 37.1188 179231.248908 -0.002313 8.96E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6843 77.7316 37.1188 179236.204379 -0.002318 8.98E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6843 77.7316 37.1188 179241.170831 -0.002323 9E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6843 77.7316 37.1188 179246.148288 -0.002328 9.02E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6843 77.7316 37.1188 179251.136769 -0.002333 9.04E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6843 77.7316 37.1188 179256.136297 -0.002338 9.06E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6843 77.7316 37.1188 179261.146894 -0.002344 9.08E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6843 77.7316 37.1188 179266.16858 -0.002349 9.1E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6844 77.7316 37.1188 179271.201379 -0.002354 9.12E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6844 77.7316 37.1188 179276.245312 -0.002359 9.14E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6844 77.7316 37.1188 179281.300401 -0.002364 9.16E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6844 77.7316 37.1188 179286.366668 -0.00237 9.18E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6844 77.7316 37.1188 179291.444135 -0.002375 9.2E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6844 77.7316 37.1188 179296.532824 -0.00238 9.22E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6844 77.7316 37.1188 179301.632758 -0.002385 9.24E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6844 77.7317 37.1188 179306.743958 -0.002391 9.26E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6844 77.7317 37.1188 179311.866448 -0.002396 9.28E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6844 77.7317 37.1188 179317.000249 -0.002401 9.3E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6844 77.7317 37.1188 179322.145385 -0.002406 9.32E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6844 77.7317 37.1188 179327.301877 -0.002412 9.34E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6844 77.7317 37.1188 179332.469748 -0.002417 9.36E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6844 77.7317 37.1188 179337.649021 -0.002422 9.38E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6844 77.7317 37.1188 179342.839719 -0.002428 9.4E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6844 77.7317 37.1188 179348.041863 -0.002433 9.42E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6844 77.7317 37.1188 179353.255479 -0.002438 9.44E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6844 77.7317 37.1188 179358.480587 -0.002444 9.46E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6844 77.7317 37.1188 179363.717211 -0.002449 9.48E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6844 77.7317 37.1188 179368.965375 -0.002455 9.5E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6845 77.7317 37.1188 179374.225101 -0.00246 9.52E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6845 77.7317 37.1188 179379.496412 -0.002465 9.54E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6845 77.7317 37.1188 179384.779332 -0.002471 9.56E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6845 77.7317 37.1188 179390.073884 -0.002476 9.59E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6845 77.7317 37.1188 179395.380092 -0.002482 9.61E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6845 77.7317 37.1188 179400.697978 -0.002487 9.63E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6845 77.7317 37.1188 179406.027566 -0.002493 9.65E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6845 77.7317 37.1188 179411.368881 -0.002498 9.67E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6845 77.7317 37.1188 179416.721945 -0.002504 9.69E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6845 77.7317 37.1188 179422.086782 -0.002509 9.71E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6845 77.7317 37.1188 179427.463416 -0.002515 9.73E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6845 77.7317 37.1188 179432.851871 -0.00252 9.75E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6845 77.7317 37.1188 179438.252171 -0.002526 9.77E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6845 77.7317 37.1188 179443.66434 -0.002531 9.8E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6845 77.7317 37.1188 179449.088401 -0.002537 9.82E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6845 77.7318 37.1188 179454.524379 -0.002542 9.84E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6845 77.7318 37.1188 179459.972298 -0.002548 9.86E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6845 77.7318 37.1188 179465.432183 -0.002554 9.88E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6845 77.7318 37.1188 179470.904057 -0.002559 9.9E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6846 77.7318 37.1188 179476.387945 -0.002565 9.92E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6846 77.7318 37.1188 179481.883871 -0.00257 9.94E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6846 77.7318 37.1188 179487.39186 -0.002576 9.97E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6846 77.7318 37.1188 179492.911937 -0.002582 9.99E-05 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6846 77.7318 37.1188 179498.444126 -0.002587 0.0001 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6846 77.7318 37.1188 179503.988451 -0.002593 0.0001 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6846 77.7318 37.1188 179509.544939 -0.002599 0.000101 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6846 77.7318 37.1188 179515.113612 -0.002604 0.000101 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6846 77.7318 37.1188 179520.694498 -0.00261 0.000101 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6846 77.7318 37.1188 179526.287619 -0.002616 0.000101 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6846 77.7318 37.1188 179531.893003 -0.002622 0.000101 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6846 77.7318 37.1188 179537.510673 -0.002627 0.000102 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6846 77.7318 37.1188 179543.140654 -0.002633 0.000102 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6846 77.7318 37.1188 179548.782973 -0.002639 0.000102 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6846 77.7318 37.1188 179554.437654 -0.002645 0.000102 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6846 77.7318 37.1188 179560.104724 -0.00265 0.000102 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6846 77.7318 37.1188 179565.784206 -0.002656 0.000103 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6846 77.7318 37.1188 179571.476128 -0.002662 0.000103 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6846 77.7318 37.1188 179577.180514 -0.002668 0.000103 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6847 77.7318 37.1188 179582.897391 -0.002674 0.000103 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6847 77.7318 37.1188 179588.626784 -0.00268 0.000104 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6847 77.7318 37.1188 179594.368718 -0.002685 0.000104 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6847 77.7319 37.1188 179600.123221 -0.002691 0.000104 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6847 77.7319 37.1188 179605.890318 -0.002697 0.000104 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6847 77.7319 37.1188 179611.670034 -0.002703 0.000105 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6847 77.7319 37.1188 179617.462397 -0.002709 0.000105 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6847 77.7319 37.1188 179623.267432 -0.002715 0.000105 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6847 77.7319 37.1188 179629.085165 -0.002721 0.000105 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6847 77.7319 37.1188 179634.915624 -0.002727 0.000105 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6847 77.7319 37.1188 179640.758834 -0.002733 0.000106 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6847 77.7319 37.1188 179646.614822 -0.002739 0.000106 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6847 77.7319 37.1188 179652.483615 -0.002745 0.000106 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6847 77.7319 37.1188 179658.365239 -0.002751 0.000106 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6847 77.7319 37.1188 179664.25972 -0.002757 0.000107 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6847 77.7319 37.1188 179670.167087 -0.002763 0.000107 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6847 77.7319 37.1188 179676.087366 -0.002769 0.000107 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6848 77.7319 37.1188 179682.020583 -0.002775 0.000107 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6848 77.7319 37.1188 179687.966766 -0.002781 0.000107 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6848 77.7319 37.1188 179693.925941 -0.002787 0.000108 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6848 77.7319 37.1188 179699.898137 -0.002793 0.000108 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6848 77.7319 37.1188 179705.88338 -0.002799 0.000108 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6848 77.7319 37.1188 179711.881698 -0.002805 0.000108 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6848 77.7319 37.1188 179717.893118 -0.002811 0.000109 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6848 77.7319 37.1188 179723.917667 -0.002818 0.000109 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6848 77.7319 37.1188 179729.955374 -0.002824 0.000109 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6848 77.7319 37.1188 179736.006266 -0.00283 0.000109 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6848 77.7320 37.1188 179742.07037 -0.002836 0.00011 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6848 77.7320 37.1188 179748.147715 -0.002842 0.00011 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6848 77.7320 37.1188 179754.238328 -0.002848 0.00011 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6848 77.7320 37.1188 179760.342237 -0.002855 0.00011 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6848 77.7320 37.1188 179766.459471 -0.002861 0.000111 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6848 77.7320 37.1189 179772.590057 -0.002867 0.000111 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6848 77.7320 37.1189 179778.734024 -0.002873 0.000111 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6849 77.7320 37.1189 179784.8914 -0.00288 0.000111 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6849 77.7320 37.1189 179791.062214 -0.002886 0.000111 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6849 77.7320 37.1189 179797.246493 -0.002892 0.000112 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6849 77.7320 37.1189 179803.444267 -0.002899 0.000112 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6849 77.7320 37.1189 179809.655563 -0.002905 0.000112 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6849 77.7320 37.1189 179815.880412 -0.002911 0.000112 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6849 77.7320 37.1189 179822.118841 -0.002918 0.000113 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6849 77.7320 37.1189 179828.37088 -0.002924 0.000113 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6849 77.7320 37.1189 179834.636556 -0.00293 0.000113 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6849 77.7320 37.1189 179840.9159 -0.002937 0.000113 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6849 77.7320 37.1189 179847.208941 -0.002943 0.000114 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6849 77.7320 37.1189 179853.515707 -0.002949 0.000114 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6849 77.7320 37.1189 179859.836229 -0.002956 0.000114 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6849 77.7320 37.1189 179866.170534 -0.002962 0.000114 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6849 77.7320 37.1189 179872.518653 -0.002969 0.000115 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6849 77.7320 37.1189 179878.880616 -0.002975 0.000115 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6849 77.7321 37.1189 179885.256451 -0.002982 0.000115 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6850 77.7321 37.1189 179891.646189 -0.002988 0.000115 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6850 77.7321 37.1189 179898.049859 -0.002995 0.000116 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6850 77.7321 37.1189 179904.467492 -0.003001 0.000116 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6850 77.7321 37.1189 179910.899116 -0.003008 0.000116 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6850 77.7321 37.1189 179917.344763 -0.003014 0.000116 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6850 77.7321 37.1189 179923.804462 -0.003021 0.000117 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6850 77.7321 37.1189 179930.278244 -0.003028 0.000117 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6850 77.7321 37.1189 179936.766138 -0.003034 0.000117 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6850 77.7321 37.1189 179943.268176 -0.003041 0.000117 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6850 77.7321 37.1189 179949.784387 -0.003047 0.000118 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6850 77.7321 37.1189 179956.314802 -0.003054 0.000118 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6850 77.7321 37.1189 179962.859452 -0.003061 0.000118 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6850 77.7321 37.1189 179969.418368 -0.003067 0.000118 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6850 77.7321 37.1189 179975.99158 -0.003074 0.000119 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6850 77.7321 37.1189 179982.579119 -0.003081 0.000119 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6850 77.7321 37.1189 179989.181017 -0.003087 0.000119 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6851 77.7321 37.1189 179995.797304 -0.003094 0.000119 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6851 77.7321 37.1189 180002.428011 -0.003101 0.00012 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6851 77.7321 37.1189 180009.07317 -0.003108 0.00012 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6851 77.7321 37.1189 180015.732812 -0.003114 0.00012 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6851 77.7321 37.1189 180022.406969 -0.003121 0.00012 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6851 77.7321 37.1189 180029.095671 -0.003128 0.000121 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6851 77.7322 37.1189 180035.798951 -0.003135 0.000121 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6851 77.7322 37.1189 180042.516841 -0.003142 0.000121 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6851 77.7322 37.1189 180049.249371 -0.003149 0.000121 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6851 77.7322 37.1189 180055.996575 -0.003155 0.000122 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6851 77.7322 37.1189 180062.758484 -0.003162 0.000122 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6851 77.7322 37.1189 180069.535129 -0.003169 0.000122 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6851 77.7322 37.1189 180076.326544 -0.003176 0.000122 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6851 77.7322 37.1189 180083.13276 -0.003183 0.000123 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6851 77.7322 37.1189 180089.95381 -0.00319 0.000123 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6852 77.7322 37.1189 180096.789726 -0.003197 0.000123 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6852 77.7322 37.1189 180103.640541 -0.003204 0.000124 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6852 77.7322 37.1189 180110.506288 -0.003211 0.000124 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6852 77.7322 37.1189 180117.386998 -0.003218 0.000124 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6852 77.7322 37.1189 180124.282705 -0.003225 0.000124 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6852 77.7322 37.1189 180131.193442 -0.003232 0.000125 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6852 77.7322 37.1189 180138.119242 -0.003239 0.000125 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6852 77.7322 37.1189 180145.060137 -0.003246 0.000125 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6852 77.7322 37.1189 180152.016162 -0.003253 0.000125 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6852 77.7322 37.1189 180158.987349 -0.00326 0.000126 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6852 77.7322 37.1189 180165.973732 -0.003267 0.000126 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6852 77.7322 37.1189 180172.975343 -0.003274 0.000126 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6852 77.7323 37.1189 180179.992218 -0.003281 0.000126 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6852 77.7323 37.1189 180187.024389 -0.003289 0.000127 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6852 77.7323 37.1189 180194.07189 -0.003296 0.000127 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6853 77.7323 37.1189 180201.134755 -0.003303 0.000127 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6853 77.7323 37.1189 180208.213018 -0.00331 0.000128 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6853 77.7323 37.1189 180215.306712 -0.003317 0.000128 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6853 77.7323 37.1189 180222.415874 -0.003325 0.000128 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6853 77.7323 37.1189 180229.540535 -0.003332 0.000128 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6853 77.7323 37.1189 180236.680731 -0.003339 0.000129 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6853 77.7323 37.1189 180243.836496 -0.003346 0.000129 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6853 77.7323 37.1189 180251.007866 -0.003354 0.000129 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6853 77.7323 37.1189 180258.194873 -0.003361 0.000129 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6853 77.7323 37.1189 180265.397553 -0.003368 0.00013 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6853 77.7323 37.1189 180272.615942 -0.003376 0.00013 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6853 77.7323 37.1189 180279.850073 -0.003383 0.00013 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6853 77.7323 37.1189 180287.099983 -0.00339 0.000131 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6853 77.7323 37.1189 180294.365705 -0.003398 0.000131 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6854 77.7323 37.1189 180301.647276 -0.003405 0.000131 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6854 77.7323 37.1189 180308.94473 -0.003413 0.000131 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6854 77.7323 37.1189 180316.258103 -0.00342 0.000132 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6854 77.7324 37.1189 180323.587431 -0.003428 0.000132 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6854 77.7324 37.1189 180330.93275 -0.003435 0.000132 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6854 77.7324 37.1189 180338.294094 -0.003442 0.000133 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6854 77.7324 37.1189 180345.671501 -0.00345 0.000133 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6854 77.7324 37.1189 180353.065005 -0.003458 0.000133 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6854 77.7324 37.1189 180360.474643 -0.003465 0.000133 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6854 77.7324 37.1189 180367.900452 -0.003473 0.000134 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6854 77.7324 37.1189 180375.342466 -0.00348 0.000134 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6854 77.7324 37.1189 180382.800724 -0.003488 0.000134 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6854 77.7324 37.1189 180390.275261 -0.003495 0.000135 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6854 77.7324 37.1189 180397.766113 -0.003503 0.000135 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6855 77.7324 37.1189 180405.273319 -0.003511 0.000135 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6855 77.7324 37.1189 180412.796913 -0.003518 0.000135 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6855 77.7324 37.1189 180420.336934 -0.003526 0.000136 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6855 77.7324 37.1189 180427.893418 -0.003534 0.000136 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6855 77.7324 37.1189 180435.466403 -0.003541 0.000136 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6855 77.7324 37.1189 180443.055925 -0.003549 0.000137 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6855 77.7324 37.1189 180450.662022 -0.003557 0.000137 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6855 77.7324 37.1189 180458.284732 -0.003565 0.000137 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6855 77.7325 37.1189 180465.924092 -0.003572 0.000137 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6855 77.7325 37.1189 180473.580139 -0.00358 0.000138 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6855 77.7325 37.1189 180481.252912 -0.003588 0.000138 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6855 77.7325 37.1189 180488.942448 -0.003596 0.000138 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6855 77.7325 37.1189 180496.648785 -0.003604 0.000139 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6855 77.7325 37.1189 180504.371962 -0.003612 0.000139 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6856 77.7325 37.1189 180512.112016 -0.00362 0.000139 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6856 77.7325 37.1189 180519.868986 -0.003627 0.00014 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6856 77.7325 37.1189 180527.642911 -0.003635 0.00014 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6856 77.7325 37.1189 180535.433829 -0.003643 0.00014 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6856 77.7325 37.1189 180543.241778 -0.003651 0.00014 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6856 77.7325 37.1189 180551.066798 -0.003659 0.000141 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6856 77.7325 37.1189 180558.908926 -0.003667 0.000141 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6856 77.7325 37.1189 180566.768204 -0.003675 0.000141 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6856 77.7325 37.1189 180574.644668 -0.003683 0.000142 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6856 77.7325 37.1189 180582.538359 -0.003691 0.000142 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6856 77.7325 37.1189 180590.449316 -0.003699 0.000142 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6856 77.7325 37.1189 180598.377579 -0.003707 0.000143 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6856 77.7325 37.1189 180606.323186 -0.003716 0.000143 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6857 77.7326 37.1189 180614.286179 -0.003724 0.000143 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6857 77.7326 37.1189 180622.266595 -0.003732 0.000143 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6857 77.7326 37.1189 180630.264476 -0.00374 0.000144 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6857 77.7326 37.1189 180638.279862 -0.003748 0.000144 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6857 77.7326 37.1189 180646.312792 -0.003756 0.000144 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6857 77.7326 37.1189 180654.363307 -0.003765 0.000145 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6857 77.7326 37.1189 180662.431447 -0.003773 0.000145 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6857 77.7326 37.1189 180670.517253 -0.003781 0.000145 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6857 77.7326 37.1189 180678.620765 -0.003789 0.000146 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6857 77.7326 37.1189 180686.742024 -0.003798 0.000146 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6857 77.7326 37.1189 180694.881072 -0.003806 0.000146 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6857 77.7326 37.1189 180703.037948 -0.003814 0.000147 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6857 77.7326 37.1190 180711.212695 -0.003823 0.000147 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6858 77.7326 37.1190 180719.405352 -0.003831 0.000147 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6858 77.7326 37.1190 180727.615963 -0.003839 0.000148 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6858 77.7326 37.1190 180735.844567 -0.003848 0.000148 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6858 77.7326 37.1190 180744.091207 -0.003856 0.000148 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6858 77.7326 37.1190 180752.355925 -0.003865 0.000148 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6858 77.7327 37.1190 180760.638762 -0.003873 0.000149 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6858 77.7327 37.1190 180768.93976 -0.003882 0.000149 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6858 77.7327 37.1190 180777.258961 -0.00389 0.000149 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6858 77.7327 37.1190 180785.596408 -0.003899 0.00015 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6858 77.7327 37.1190 180793.952142 -0.003907 0.00015 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6858 77.7327 37.1190 180802.326207 -0.003916 0.00015 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6858 77.7327 37.1190 180810.718645 -0.003924 0.000151 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6858 77.7327 37.1190 180819.129498 -0.003933 0.000151 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6859 77.7327 37.1190 180827.558809 -0.003942 0.000151 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6859 77.7327 37.1190 180836.006622 -0.00395 0.000152 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6859 77.7327 37.1190 180844.472979 -0.003959 0.000152 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6859 77.7327 37.1190 180852.957924 -0.003968 0.000152 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6859 77.7327 37.1190 180861.4615 -0.003976 0.000153 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6859 77.7327 37.1190 180869.98375 -0.003985 0.000153 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6859 77.7327 37.1190 180878.524718 -0.003994 0.000153 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6859 77.7327 37.1190 180887.084447 -0.004003 0.000154 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6859 77.7327 37.1190 180895.662983 -0.004011 0.000154 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6859 77.7328 37.1190 180904.260367 -0.00402 0.000154 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6859 77.7328 37.1190 180912.876646 -0.004029 0.000155 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6859 77.7328 37.1190 180921.511862 -0.004038 0.000155 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6860 77.7328 37.1190 180930.16606 -0.004047 0.000155 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6860 77.7328 37.1190 180938.839286 -0.004056 0.000156 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6860 77.7328 37.1190 180947.531582 -0.004065 0.000156 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6860 77.7328 37.1190 180956.242995 -0.004074 0.000156 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6860 77.7328 37.1190 180964.973568 -0.004083 0.000157 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6860 77.7328 37.1190 180973.723348 -0.004092 0.000157 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6860 77.7328 37.1190 180982.492379 -0.004101 0.000157 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6860 77.7328 37.1190 180991.280706 -0.00411 0.000158 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6860 77.7328 37.1190 181000.088376 -0.004119 0.000158 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6860 77.7328 37.1190 181008.915432 -0.004128 0.000158 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6860 77.7328 37.1190 181017.761922 -0.004137 0.000159 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6860 77.7328 37.1190 181026.627891 -0.004146 0.000159 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6861 77.7328 37.1190 181035.513385 -0.004155 0.000159 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6861 77.7328 37.1190 181044.41845 -0.004164 0.00016 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6861 77.7329 37.1190 181053.343133 -0.004173 0.00016 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6861 77.7329 37.1190 181062.287479 -0.004183 0.00016 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6861 77.7329 37.1190 181071.251535 -0.004192 0.000161 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6861 77.7329 37.1190 181080.235348 -0.004201 0.000161 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6861 77.7329 37.1190 181089.238965 -0.00421 0.000161 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6861 77.7329 37.1190 181098.262433 -0.004219 0.000162 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6861 77.7329 37.1190 181107.305798 -0.004229 0.000162 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6861 77.7329 37.1190 181116.369108 -0.004238 0.000162 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6861 77.7329 37.1190 181125.452411 -0.004247 0.000163 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6862 77.7329 37.1190 181134.555753 -0.004257 0.000163 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6862 77.7329 37.1190 181143.679183 -0.004266 0.000164 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6862 77.7329 37.1190 181152.822747 -0.004276 0.000164 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6862 77.7329 37.1190 181161.986495 -0.004285 0.000164 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6862 77.7329 37.1190 181171.170475 -0.004295 0.000165 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6862 77.7329 37.1190 181180.374733 -0.004304 0.000165 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6862 77.7329 37.1190 181189.599319 -0.004314 0.000165 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6862 77.7330 37.1190 181198.844282 -0.004323 0.000166 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6862 77.7330 37.1190 181208.10967 -0.004333 0.000166 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6862 77.7330 37.1190 181217.395531 -0.004342 0.000166 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6862 77.7330 37.1190 181226.701915 -0.004352 0.000167 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6863 77.7330 37.1190 181236.02887 -0.004361 0.000167 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6863 77.7330 37.1190 181245.376447 -0.004371 0.000167 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6863 77.7330 37.1190 181254.744693 -0.004381 0.000168 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6863 77.7330 37.1190 181264.13366 -0.00439 0.000168 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6863 77.7330 37.1190 181273.543396 -0.0044 0.000169 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6863 77.7330 37.1190 181282.973952 -0.00441 0.000169 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6863 77.7330 37.1190 181292.425377 -0.00442 0.000169 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6863 77.7330 37.1190 181301.897721 -0.004429 0.00017 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6863 77.7330 37.1190 181311.391035 -0.004439 0.00017 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6863 77.7330 37.1190 181320.905369 -0.004449 0.00017 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6863 77.7330 37.1190 181330.440774 -0.004459 0.000171 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6864 77.7331 37.1190 181339.9973 -0.004469 0.000171 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6864 77.7331 37.1190 181349.574999 -0.004479 0.000171 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6864 77.7331 37.1190 181359.17392 -0.004489 0.000172 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6864 77.7331 37.1190 181368.794117 -0.004498 0.000172 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6864 77.7331 37.1190 181378.435639 -0.004508 0.000173 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6864 77.7331 37.1190 181388.098539 -0.004518 0.000173 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6864 77.7331 37.1190 181397.782868 -0.004528 0.000173 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6864 77.7331 37.1190 181407.488677 -0.004538 0.000174 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6864 77.7331 37.1190 181417.21602 -0.004549 0.000174 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6864 77.7331 37.1190 181426.964947 -0.004559 0.000174 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6864 77.7331 37.1190 181436.735511 -0.004569 0.000175 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6865 77.7331 37.1190 181446.527765 -0.004579 0.000175 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6865 77.7331 37.1190 181456.341762 -0.004589 0.000176 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6865 77.7331 37.1190 181466.177553 -0.004599 0.000176 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6865 77.7331 37.1190 181476.035192 -0.004609 0.000176 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6865 77.7332 37.1190 181485.914732 -0.00462 0.000177 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6865 77.7332 37.1190 181495.816227 -0.00463 0.000177 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6865 77.7332 37.1190 181505.739729 -0.00464 0.000178 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6865 77.7332 37.1190 181515.685292 -0.004651 0.000178 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6865 77.7332 37.1190 181525.65297 -0.004661 0.000178 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6865 77.7332 37.1190 181535.642816 -0.004671 0.000179 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6865 77.7332 37.1190 181545.654886 -0.004682 0.000179 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6866 77.7332 37.1190 181555.689232 -0.004692 0.000179 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6866 77.7332 37.1190 181565.74591 -0.004702 0.00018 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6866 77.7332 37.1190 181575.824974 -0.004713 0.00018 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6866 77.7332 37.1190 181585.926478 -0.004723 0.000181 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6866 77.7332 37.1190 181596.050478 -0.004734 0.000181 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6866 77.7332 37.1190 181606.197028 -0.004745 0.000181 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6866 77.7332 37.1190 181616.366185 -0.004755 0.000182 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6866 77.7332 37.1190 181626.558002 -0.004766 0.000182 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6866 77.7333 37.1190 181636.772535 -0.004776 0.000183 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6866 77.7333 37.1191 181647.009842 -0.004787 0.000183 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6867 77.7333 37.1191 181657.269976 -0.004798 0.000183 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6867 77.7333 37.1191 181667.552995 -0.004808 0.000184 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6867 77.7333 37.1191 181677.858954 -0.004819 0.000184 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6867 77.7333 37.1191 181688.18791 -0.00483 0.000185 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6867 77.7333 37.1191 181698.539919 -0.004841 0.000185 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6867 77.7333 37.1191 181708.915039 -0.004851 0.000185 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6867 77.7333 37.1191 181719.313326 -0.004862 0.000186 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6867 77.7333 37.1191 181729.734837 -0.004873 0.000186 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6867 77.7333 37.1191 181740.179629 -0.004884 0.000187 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6867 77.7333 37.1191 181750.64776 -0.004895 0.000187 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6868 77.7333 37.1191 181761.139288 -0.004906 0.000187 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6868 77.7333 37.1191 181771.65427 -0.004917 0.000188 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6868 77.7334 37.1191 181782.192764 -0.004928 0.000188 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6868 77.7334 37.1191 181792.754829 -0.004939 0.000189 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6868 77.7334 37.1191 181803.340523 -0.00495 0.000189 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6868 77.7334 37.1191 181813.949903 -0.004961 0.000189 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6868 77.7334 37.1191 181824.58303 -0.004972 0.00019 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6868 77.7334 37.1191 181835.239961 -0.004983 0.00019 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6868 77.7334 37.1191 181845.920756 -0.004994 0.000191 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6868 77.7334 37.1191 181856.625474 -0.005005 0.000191 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6869 77.7334 37.1191 181867.354174 -0.005017 0.000192 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6869 77.7334 37.1191 181878.106916 -0.005028 0.000192 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6869 77.7334 37.1191 181888.883761 -0.005039 0.000192 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6869 77.7334 37.1191 181899.684766 -0.00505 0.000193 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6869 77.7334 37.1191 181910.509994 -0.005062 0.000193 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6869 77.7334 37.1191 181921.359504 -0.005073 0.000194 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6869 77.7335 37.1191 181932.233356 -0.005084 0.000194 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6869 77.7335 37.1191 181943.131612 -0.005096 0.000194 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6869 77.7335 37.1191 181954.054332 -0.005107 0.000195 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6869 77.7335 37.1191 181965.001578 -0.005119 0.000195 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6870 77.7335 37.1191 181975.97341 -0.00513 0.000196 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6870 77.7335 37.1191 181986.96989 -0.005142 0.000196 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6870 77.7335 37.1191 181997.99108 -0.005153 0.000197 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6870 77.7335 37.1191 182009.037041 -0.005165 0.000197 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6870 77.7335 37.1191 182020.107835 -0.005177 0.000197 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6870 77.7335 37.1191 182031.203526 -0.005188 0.000198 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6870 77.7335 37.1191 182042.324174 -0.0052 0.000198 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6870 77.7335 37.1191 182053.469844 -0.005212 0.000199 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6870 77.7335 37.1191 182064.640597 -0.005223 0.000199 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6871 77.7336 37.1191 182075.836496 -0.005235 0.0002 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6871 77.7336 37.1191 182087.057605 -0.005247 0.0002 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6871 77.7336 37.1191 182098.303987 -0.005259 0.000201 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6871 77.7336 37.1191 182109.575706 -0.00527 0.000201 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6871 77.7336 37.1191 182120.872825 -0.005282 0.000201 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6871 77.7336 37.1191 182132.195408 -0.005294 0.000202 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6871 77.7336 37.1191 182143.54352 -0.005306 0.000202 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6871 77.7336 37.1191 182154.917225 -0.005318 0.000203 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6871 77.7336 37.1191 182166.316588 -0.00533 0.000203 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6872 77.7336 37.1191 182177.741672 -0.005342 0.000204 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6872 77.7336 37.1191 182189.192544 -0.005354 0.000204 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6872 77.7336 37.1191 182200.669268 -0.005366 0.000205 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6872 77.7336 37.1191 182212.171911 -0.005378 0.000205 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6872 77.7337 37.1191 182223.700536 -0.005391 0.000205 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6872 77.7337 37.1191 182235.255211 -0.005403 0.000206 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6872 77.7337 37.1191 182246.836 -0.005415 0.000206 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6872 77.7337 37.1191 182258.442972 -0.005427 0.000207 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6872 77.7337 37.1191 182270.07619 -0.005439 0.000207 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6873 77.7337 37.1191 182281.735724 -0.005452 0.000208 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6873 77.7337 37.1191 182293.421638 -0.005464 0.000208 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6873 77.7337 37.1191 182305.134001 -0.005476 0.000209 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6873 77.7337 37.1191 182316.872879 -0.005489 0.000209 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6873 77.7337 37.1191 182328.63834 -0.005501 0.00021 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6873 77.7337 37.1191 182340.430451 -0.005514 0.00021 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6873 77.7337 37.1191 182352.249281 -0.005526 0.00021 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6873 77.7337 37.1191 182364.094897 -0.005539 0.000211 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6873 77.7338 37.1191 182375.967369 -0.005551 0.000211 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6874 77.7338 37.1191 182387.866763 -0.005564 0.000212 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6874 77.7338 37.1191 182399.79315 -0.005576 0.000212 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6874 77.7338 37.1191 182411.746598 -0.005589 0.000213 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6874 77.7338 37.1191 182423.727176 -0.005602 0.000213 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6874 77.7338 37.1191 182435.734953 -0.005615 0.000214 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6874 77.7338 37.1191 182447.77 -0.005627 0.000214 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6874 77.7338 37.1191 182459.832385 -0.00564 0.000215 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6874 77.7338 37.1191 182471.92218 -0.005653 0.000215 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6874 77.7338 37.1191 182484.039454 -0.005666 0.000216 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6875 77.7338 37.1191 182496.184278 -0.005679 0.000216 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6875 77.7338 37.1191 182508.356722 -0.005692 0.000217 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6875 77.7339 37.1191 182520.556857 -0.005704 0.000217 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6875 77.7339 37.1191 182532.784756 -0.005717 0.000218 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6875 77.7339 37.1191 182545.040488 -0.00573 0.000218 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6875 77.7339 37.1191 182557.324125 -0.005743 0.000218 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6875 77.7339 37.1191 182569.63574 -0.005757 0.000219 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6875 77.7339 37.1191 182581.975405 -0.00577 0.000219 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6876 77.7339 37.1192 182594.343191 -0.005783 0.00022 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6876 77.7339 37.1192 182606.739171 -0.005796 0.00022 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6876 77.7339 37.1192 182619.163418 -0.005809 0.000221 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6876 77.7339 37.1192 182631.616005 -0.005822 0.000221 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6876 77.7339 37.1192 182644.097006 -0.005836 0.000222 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6876 77.7339 37.1192 182656.606493 -0.005849 0.000222 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6876 77.7340 37.1192 182669.14454 -0.005862 0.000223 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6876 77.7340 37.1192 182681.711221 -0.005876 0.000223 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6876 77.7340 37.1192 182694.306611 -0.005889 0.000224 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6877 77.7340 37.1192 182706.930783 -0.005903 0.000224 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6877 77.7340 37.1192 182719.583813 -0.005916 0.000225 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6877 77.7340 37.1192 182732.265774 -0.00593 0.000225 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6877 77.7340 37.1192 182744.976743 -0.005943 0.000226 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6877 77.7340 37.1192 182757.716795 -0.005957 0.000226 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6877 77.7340 37.1192 182770.486005 -0.00597 0.000227 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6877 77.7340 37.1192 182783.284448 -0.005984 0.000227 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6877 77.7340 37.1192 182796.112202 -0.005998 0.000228 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6878 77.7341 37.1192 182808.969342 -0.006012 0.000228 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6878 77.7341 37.1192 182821.855945 -0.006025 0.000229 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6878 77.7341 37.1192 182834.772087 -0.006039 0.000229 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6878 77.7341 37.1192 182847.717846 -0.006053 0.00023 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6878 77.7341 37.1192 182860.693299 -0.006067 0.00023 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6878 77.7341 37.1192 182873.698524 -0.006081 0.000231 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6878 77.7341 37.1192 182886.733597 -0.006095 0.000231 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6878 77.7341 37.1192 182899.798598 -0.006109 0.000232 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6879 77.7341 37.1192 182912.893605 -0.006123 0.000232 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6879 77.7341 37.1192 182926.018695 -0.006137 0.000233 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6879 77.7341 37.1192 182939.173949 -0.006151 0.000233 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6879 77.7341 37.1192 182952.359444 -0.006165 0.000234 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6879 77.7342 37.1192 182965.57526 -0.006179 0.000235 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6879 77.7342 37.1192 182978.821477 -0.006193 0.000235 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6879 77.7342 37.1192 182992.098175 -0.006208 0.000236 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6879 77.7342 37.1192 183005.405433 -0.006222 0.000236 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6880 77.7342 37.1192 183018.743332 -0.006236 0.000237 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6880 77.7342 37.1192 183032.111952 -0.006251 0.000237 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6880 77.7342 37.1192 183045.511375 -0.006265 0.000238 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6880 77.7342 37.1192 183058.941681 -0.006279 0.000238 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6880 77.7342 37.1192 183072.402952 -0.006294 0.000239 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6880 77.7342 37.1192 183085.895269 -0.006308 0.000239 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6880 77.7342 37.1192 183099.418714 -0.006323 0.00024 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6880 77.7343 37.1192 183112.973369 -0.006338 0.00024 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6881 77.7343 37.1192 183126.559318 -0.006352 0.000241 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6881 77.7343 37.1192 183140.176641 -0.006367 0.000241 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6881 77.7343 37.1192 183153.825423 -0.006382 0.000242 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6881 77.7343 37.1192 183167.505747 -0.006396 0.000242 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6881 77.7343 37.1192 183181.217695 -0.006411 0.000243 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6881 77.7343 37.1192 183194.961353 -0.006426 0.000244 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6881 77.7343 37.1192 183208.736803 -0.006441 0.000244 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6881 77.7343 37.1192 183222.544131 -0.006456 0.000245 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6882 77.7343 37.1192 183236.38342 -0.006471 0.000245 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6882 77.7344 37.1192 183250.254755 -0.006486 0.000246 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6882 77.7344 37.1192 183264.158223 -0.006501 0.000246 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6882 77.7344 37.1192 183278.093907 -0.006516 0.000247 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6882 77.7344 37.1192 183292.061895 -0.006531 0.000247 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6882 77.7344 37.1192 183306.062271 -0.006546 0.000248 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6882 77.7344 37.1192 183320.095122 -0.006561 0.000249 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6883 77.7344 37.1192 183334.160534 -0.006576 0.000249 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6883 77.7344 37.1192 183348.258595 -0.006592 0.00025 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6883 77.7344 37.1192 183362.389391 -0.006607 0.00025 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6883 77.7344 37.1192 183376.55301 -0.006622 0.000251 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6883 77.7344 37.1192 183390.749539 -0.006638 0.000251 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6883 77.7345 37.1192 183404.979067 -0.006653 0.000252 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6883 77.7345 37.1192 183419.241681 -0.006668 0.000252 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6883 77.7345 37.1192 183433.53747 -0.006684 0.000253 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6884 77.7345 37.1192 183447.866524 -0.0067 0.000254 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6884 77.7345 37.1192 183462.22893 -0.006715 0.000254 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6884 77.7345 37.1192 183476.624779 -0.006731 0.000255 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6884 77.7345 37.1192 183491.054159 -0.006746 0.000255 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6884 77.7345 37.1192 183505.517162 -0.006762 0.000256 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6884 77.7345 37.1192 183520.013878 -0.006778 0.000256 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6884 77.7345 37.1192 183534.544396 -0.006794 0.000257 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6885 77.7346 37.1193 183549.108808 -0.00681 0.000258 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6885 77.7346 37.1193 183563.707205 -0.006825 0.000258 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6885 77.7346 37.1193 183578.339679 -0.006841 0.000259 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6885 77.7346 37.1193 183593.006321 -0.006857 0.000259 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6885 77.7346 37.1193 183607.707223 -0.006873 0.00026 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6885 77.7346 37.1193 183622.442478 -0.006889 0.000261 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6885 77.7346 37.1193 183637.212178 -0.006906 0.000261 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6886 77.7346 37.1193 183652.016416 -0.006922 0.000262 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6886 77.7346 37.1193 183666.855287 -0.006938 0.000262 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6886 77.7346 37.1193 183681.728882 -0.006954 0.000263 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6886 77.7347 37.1193 183696.637297 -0.00697 0.000263 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6886 77.7347 37.1193 183711.580626 -0.006987 0.000264 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6886 77.7347 37.1193 183726.558962 -0.007003 0.000265 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6886 77.7347 37.1193 183741.572401 -0.007019 0.000265 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6887 77.7347 37.1193 183756.621039 -0.007036 0.000266 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6887 77.7347 37.1193 183771.704969 -0.007052 0.000266 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6887 77.7347 37.1193 183786.824289 -0.007069 0.000267 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6887 77.7347 37.1193 183801.979095 -0.007086 0.000268 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6887 77.7347 37.1193 183817.169482 -0.007102 0.000268 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6887 77.7347 37.1193 183832.395549 -0.007119 0.000269 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6887 77.7348 37.1193 183847.65739 -0.007136 0.00027 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6888 77.7348 37.1193 183862.955105 -0.007152 0.00027 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6888 77.7348 37.1193 183878.288791 -0.007169 0.000271 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6888 77.7348 37.1193 183893.658546 -0.007186 0.000271 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6888 77.7348 37.1193 183909.064468 -0.007203 0.000272 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6888 77.7348 37.1193 183924.506657 -0.00722 0.000273 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6888 77.7348 37.1193 183939.98521 -0.007237 0.000273 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6888 77.7348 37.1193 183955.500228 -0.007254 0.000274 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6889 77.7348 37.1193 183971.05181 -0.007271 0.000274 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6889 77.7348 37.1193 183986.640056 -0.007288 0.000275 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6889 77.7349 37.1193 184002.265067 -0.007305 0.000276 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6889 77.7349 37.1193 184017.926943 -0.007322 0.000276 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6889 77.7349 37.1193 184033.625786 -0.00734 0.000277 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6889 77.7349 37.1193 184049.361696 -0.007357 0.000278 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6889 77.7349 37.1193 184065.134776 -0.007374 0.000278 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6890 77.7349 37.1193 184080.945127 -0.007392 0.000279 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6890 77.7349 37.1193 184096.792853 -0.007409 0.000279 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6890 77.7349 37.1193 184112.678055 -0.007427 0.00028 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6890 77.7349 37.1193 184128.600837 -0.007444 0.000281 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6890 77.7350 37.1193 184144.561302 -0.007462 0.000281 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6890 77.7350 37.1193 184160.559555 -0.00748 0.000282 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6891 77.7350 37.1193 184176.595699 -0.007497 0.000283 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6891 77.7350 37.1193 184192.669839 -0.007515 0.000283 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6891 77.7350 37.1193 184208.782079 -0.007533 0.000284 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6891 77.7350 37.1193 184224.932525 -0.007551 0.000285 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6891 77.7350 37.1193 184241.121283 -0.007569 0.000285 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6891 77.7350 37.1193 184257.348458 -0.007587 0.000286 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6891 77.7350 37.1193 184273.614156 -0.007605 0.000287 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6892 77.7351 37.1193 184289.918485 -0.007623 0.000287 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6892 77.7351 37.1193 184306.261551 -0.007641 0.000288 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6892 77.7351 37.1193 184322.643462 -0.007659 0.000289 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6892 77.7351 37.1193 184339.064326 -0.007677 0.000289 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6892 77.7351 37.1193 184355.52425 -0.007695 0.00029 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6892 77.7351 37.1193 184372.023342 -0.007714 0.000291 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6893 77.7351 37.1193 184388.561713 -0.007732 0.000291 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6893 77.7351 37.1193 184405.139471 -0.007751 0.000292 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6893 77.7351 37.1193 184421.756725 -0.007769 0.000293 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6893 77.7352 37.1193 184438.413586 -0.007788 0.000293 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6893 77.7352 37.1193 184455.110163 -0.007806 0.000294 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6893 77.7352 37.1193 184471.846568 -0.007825 0.000295 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6893 77.7352 37.1194 184488.622912 -0.007843 0.000295 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6894 77.7352 37.1194 184505.439306 -0.007862 0.000296 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6894 77.7352 37.1194 184522.295862 -0.007881 0.000297 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6894 77.7352 37.1194 184539.192692 -0.0079 0.000297 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6894 77.7352 37.1194 184556.129909 -0.007919 0.000298 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6894 77.7352 37.1194 184573.107626 -0.007937 0.000299 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6894 77.7353 37.1194 184590.125956 -0.007956 0.000299 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6895 77.7353 37.1194 184607.185012 -0.007975 0.0003 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6895 77.7353 37.1194 184624.28491 -0.007995 0.000301 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6895 77.7353 37.1194 184641.425763 -0.008014 0.000301 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6895 77.7353 37.1194 184658.607687 -0.008033 0.000302 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6895 77.7353 37.1194 184675.830797 -0.008052 0.000303 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6895 77.7353 37.1194 184693.095209 -0.008071 0.000303 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6896 77.7353 37.1194 184710.401038 -0.008091 0.000304 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6896 77.7353 37.1194 184727.748402 -0.00811 0.000305 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6896 77.7354 37.1194 184745.137417 -0.00813 0.000306 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6896 77.7354 37.1194 184762.5682 -0.008149 0.000306 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6896 77.7354 37.1194 184780.04087 -0.008169 0.000307 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6896 77.7354 37.1194 184797.555544 -0.008188 0.000308 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6897 77.7354 37.1194 184815.112342 -0.008208 0.000308 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6897 77.7354 37.1194 184832.711381 -0.008228 0.000309 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6897 77.7354 37.1194 184850.352782 -0.008248 0.00031 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6897 77.7354 37.1194 184868.036664 -0.008268 0.000311 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6897 77.7355 37.1194 184885.763147 -0.008287 0.000311 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6897 77.7355 37.1194 184903.532352 -0.008307 0.000312 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6898 77.7355 37.1194 184921.344401 -0.008327 0.000313 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6898 77.7355 37.1194 184939.199414 -0.008347 0.000313 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6898 77.7355 37.1194 184957.097513 -0.008368 0.000314 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6898 77.7355 37.1194 184975.038821 -0.008388 0.000315 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6898 77.7355 37.1194 184993.023461 -0.008408 0.000316 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6898 77.7355 37.1194 185011.051555 -0.008428 0.000316 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6899 77.7356 37.1194 185029.123227 -0.008449 0.000317 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6899 77.7356 37.1194 185047.238601 -0.008469 0.000318 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6899 77.7356 37.1194 185065.397803 -0.00849 0.000319 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6899 77.7356 37.1194 185083.600955 -0.00851 0.000319 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6899 77.7356 37.1194 185101.848185 -0.008531 0.00032 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6899 77.7356 37.1194 185120.139617 -0.008551 0.000321 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6900 77.7356 37.1194 185138.475378 -0.008572 0.000322 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6900 77.7356 37.1194 185156.855595 -0.008593 0.000322 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6900 77.7356 37.1194 185175.280394 -0.008614 0.000323 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6900 77.7357 37.1194 185193.749904 -0.008635 0.000324 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6900 77.7357 37.1194 185212.264251 -0.008656 0.000325 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6900 77.7357 37.1194 185230.823565 -0.008677 0.000325 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6901 77.7357 37.1194 185249.427974 -0.008698 0.000326 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6901 77.7357 37.1194 185268.077609 -0.008719 0.000327 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6901 77.7357 37.1194 185286.772597 -0.00874 0.000328 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6901 77.7357 37.1194 185305.513071 -0.008761 0.000328 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6901 77.7357 37.1194 185324.29916 -0.008783 0.000329 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6902 77.7358 37.1194 185343.130995 -0.008804 0.00033 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6902 77.7358 37.1194 185362.008709 -0.008825 0.000331 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6902 77.7358 37.1194 185380.932433 -0.008847 0.000331 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6902 77.7358 37.1194 185399.9023 -0.008868 0.000332 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6902 77.7358 37.1194 185418.918443 -0.00889 0.000333 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6902 77.7358 37.1194 185437.980995 -0.008912 0.000334 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6903 77.7358 37.1195 185457.090091 -0.008934 0.000335 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6903 77.7358 37.1195 185476.245865 -0.008955 0.000335 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6903 77.7359 37.1195 185495.448451 -0.008977 0.000336 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6903 77.7359 37.1195 185514.697986 -0.008999 0.000337 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6903 77.7359 37.1195 185533.994604 -0.009021 0.000338 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6903 77.7359 37.1195 185553.338443 -0.009043 0.000338 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6904 77.7359 37.1195 185572.72964 -0.009065 0.000339 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6904 77.7359 37.1195 185592.16833 -0.009088 0.00034 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6904 77.7359 37.1195 185611.654654 -0.00911 0.000341 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6904 77.7360 37.1195 185631.188748 -0.009132 0.000342 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6904 77.7360 37.1195 185650.770751 -0.009155 0.000342 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6905 77.7360 37.1195 185670.400803 -0.009177 0.000343 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6905 77.7360 37.1195 185690.079044 -0.0092 0.000344 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6905 77.7360 37.1195 185709.805614 -0.009222 0.000345 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6905 77.7360 37.1195 185729.580653 -0.009245 0.000346 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6905 77.7360 37.1195 185749.404303 -0.009267 0.000346 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6906 77.7360 37.1195 185769.276707 -0.00929 0.000347 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6906 77.7361 37.1195 185789.198005 -0.009313 0.000348 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6906 77.7361 37.1195 185809.168341 -0.009336 0.000349 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6906 77.7361 37.1195 185829.187858 -0.009359 0.00035 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6906 77.7361 37.1195 185849.256701 -0.009382 0.000351 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6906 77.7361 37.1195 185869.375013 -0.009405 0.000351 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6907 77.7361 37.1195 185889.542939 -0.009428 0.000352 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6907 77.7361 37.1195 185909.760626 -0.009452 0.000353 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6907 77.7362 37.1195 185930.028217 -0.009475 0.000354 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6907 77.7362 37.1195 185950.345862 -0.009498 0.000355 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6907 77.7362 37.1195 185970.713705 -0.009522 0.000356 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6908 77.7362 37.1195 185991.131895 -0.009545 0.000356 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6908 77.7362 37.1195 186011.600579 -0.009569 0.000357 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6908 77.7362 37.1195 186032.119907 -0.009593 0.000358 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6908 77.7362 37.1195 186052.690027 -0.009616 0.000359 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6908 77.7362 37.1195 186073.311089 -0.00964 0.00036 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6909 77.7363 37.1195 186093.983244 -0.009664 0.000361 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6909 77.7363 37.1195 186114.706642 -0.009688 0.000361 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6909 77.7363 37.1195 186135.481433 -0.009712 0.000362 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6909 77.7363 37.1195 186156.307771 -0.009736 0.000363 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6909 77.7363 37.1195 186177.185808 -0.00976 0.000364 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6910 77.7363 37.1195 186198.115696 -0.009784 0.000365 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6910 77.7363 37.1195 186219.097589 -0.009809 0.000366 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6910 77.7364 37.1195 186240.131641 -0.009833 0.000367 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6910 77.7364 37.1195 186261.218007 -0.009858 0.000368 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6910 77.7364 37.1195 186282.356841 -0.009882 0.000368 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6911 77.7364 37.1195 186303.5483 -0.009907 0.000369 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6911 77.7364 37.1195 186324.79254 -0.009931 0.00037 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6911 77.7364 37.1195 186346.089718 -0.009956 0.000371 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6911 77.7364 37.1195 186367.439991 -0.009981 0.000372 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6911 77.7365 37.1195 186388.843517 -0.010006 0.000373 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6912 77.7365 37.1196 186410.300456 -0.010031 0.000374 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6912 77.7365 37.1196 186431.810965 -0.010056 0.000375 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6912 77.7365 37.1196 186453.375206 -0.010081 0.000375 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6912 77.7365 37.1196 186474.993337 -0.010106 0.000376 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6912 77.7365 37.1196 186496.665521 -0.010131 0.000377 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6913 77.7365 37.1196 186518.391919 -0.010157 0.000378 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6913 77.7366 37.1196 186540.172693 -0.010182 0.000379 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6913 77.7366 37.1196 186562.008005 -0.010208 0.00038 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6913 77.7366 37.1196 186583.898019 -0.010233 0.000381 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6913 77.7366 37.1196 186605.8429 -0.010259 0.000382 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6914 77.7366 37.1196 186627.842811 -0.010284 0.000383 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6914 77.7366 37.1196 186649.897917 -0.01031 0.000384 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6914 77.7366 37.1196 186672.008385 -0.010336 0.000384 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6914 77.7367 37.1196 186694.174381 -0.010362 0.000385 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6914 77.7367 37.1196 186716.396072 -0.010388 0.000386 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6915 77.7367 37.1196 186738.673625 -0.010414 0.000387 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6915 77.7367 37.1196 186761.007209 -0.01044 0.000388 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6915 77.7367 37.1196 186783.396993 -0.010467 0.000389 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6915 77.7367 37.1196 186805.843145 -0.010493 0.00039 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6915 77.7368 37.1196 186828.345837 -0.010519 0.000391 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6916 77.7368 37.1196 186850.905239 -0.010546 0.000392 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6916 77.7368 37.1196 186873.521521 -0.010572 0.000393 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6916 77.7368 37.1196 186896.194858 -0.010599 0.000394 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6916 77.7368 37.1196 186918.92542 -0.010626 0.000395 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6916 77.7368 37.1196 186941.713381 -0.010653 0.000396 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6917 77.7368 37.1196 186964.558916 -0.01068 0.000397 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6917 77.7369 37.1196 186987.462199 -0.010707 0.000398 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6917 77.7369 37.1196 187010.423405 -0.010734 0.000399 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6917 77.7369 37.1196 187033.44271 -0.010761 0.0004 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6918 77.7369 37.1196 187056.52029 -0.010788 0.0004 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6918 77.7369 37.1196 187079.656324 -0.010815 0.000401 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6918 77.7369 37.1196 187102.850988 -0.010843 0.000402 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6918 77.7369 37.1196 187126.104462 -0.01087 0.000403 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6918 77.7370 37.1196 187149.416924 -0.010898 0.000404 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6919 77.7370 37.1196 187172.788554 -0.010925 0.000405 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6919 77.7370 37.1196 187196.219534 -0.010953 0.000406 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6919 77.7370 37.1196 187219.710044 -0.010981 0.000407 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6919 77.7370 37.1196 187243.260267 -0.011009 0.000408 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6919 77.7370 37.1196 187266.870384 -0.011037 0.000409 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6920 77.7371 37.1196 187290.54058 -0.011065 0.00041 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6920 77.7371 37.1196 187314.271038 -0.011093 0.000411 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6920 77.7371 37.1196 187338.061944 -0.011121 0.000412 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6920 77.7371 37.1196 187361.913482 -0.01115 0.000413 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6921 77.7371 37.1197 187385.825838 -0.011178 0.000414 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6921 77.7371 37.1197 187409.7992 -0.011207 0.000415 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6921 77.7372 37.1197 187433.833755 -0.011235 0.000416 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6921 77.7372 37.1197 187457.929691 -0.011264 0.000417 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6921 77.7372 37.1197 187482.087197 -0.011293 0.000418 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6922 77.7372 37.1197 187506.306463 -0.011321 0.000419 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6922 77.7372 37.1197 187530.58768 -0.01135 0.00042 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6922 77.7372 37.1197 187554.931038 -0.011379 0.000421 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6922 77.7372 37.1197 187579.33673 -0.011409 0.000422 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6923 77.7373 37.1197 187603.804947 -0.011438 0.000423 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6923 77.7373 37.1197 187628.335883 -0.011467 0.000424 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6923 77.7373 37.1197 187652.929733 -0.011496 0.000425 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6923 77.7373 37.1197 187677.586691 -0.011526 0.000426 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6924 77.7373 37.1197 187702.306953 -0.011556 0.000427 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6924 77.7373 37.1197 187727.090715 -0.011585 0.000429 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6924 77.7374 37.1197 187751.938174 -0.011615 0.00043 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6924 77.7374 37.1197 187776.849528 -0.011645 0.000431 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6924 77.7374 37.1197 187801.824975 -0.011675 0.000432 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6925 77.7374 37.1197 187826.864715 -0.011705 0.000433 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6925 77.7374 37.1197 187851.968948 -0.011735 0.000434 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6925 77.7374 37.1197 187877.137875 -0.011765 0.000435 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6925 77.7375 37.1197 187902.371698 -0.011795 0.000436 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6926 77.7375 37.1197 187927.670618 -0.011826 0.000437 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6926 77.7375 37.1197 187953.03484 -0.011856 0.000438 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6926 77.7375 37.1197 187978.464567 -0.011887 0.000439 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6926 77.7375 37.1197 188003.960003 -0.011918 0.00044 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6927 77.7375 37.1197 188029.521356 -0.011948 0.000441 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6927 77.7376 37.1197 188055.14883 -0.011979 0.000442 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6927 77.7376 37.1197 188080.842633 -0.01201 0.000443 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6927 77.7376 37.1197 188106.602974 -0.012041 0.000445 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6928 77.7376 37.1197 188132.43006 -0.012073 0.000446 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6928 77.7376 37.1197 188158.324102 -0.012104 0.000447 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6928 77.7376 37.1197 188184.28531 -0.012135 0.000448 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6928 77.7377 37.1197 188210.313895 -0.012167 0.000449 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6928 77.7377 37.1197 188236.410069 -0.012198 0.00045 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6929 77.7377 37.1197 188262.574046 -0.01223 0.000451 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6929 77.7377 37.1197 188288.806038 -0.012262 0.000452 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6929 77.7377 37.1197 188315.106261 -0.012294 0.000453 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6929 77.7378 37.1197 188341.47493 -0.012326 0.000454 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6930 77.7378 37.1198 188367.912261 -0.012358 0.000456 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6930 77.7378 37.1198 188394.418471 -0.01239 0.000457 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6930 77.7378 37.1198 188420.993778 -0.012422 0.000458 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6930 77.7378 37.1198 188447.638402 -0.012455 0.000459 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6931 77.7378 37.1198 188474.352561 -0.012487 0.00046 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6931 77.7379 37.1198 188501.136476 -0.01252 0.000461 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6931 77.7379 37.1198 188527.990369 -0.012552 0.000462 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6931 77.7379 37.1198 188554.914462 -0.012585 0.000463 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6932 77.7379 37.1198 188581.908978 -0.012618 0.000465 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6932 77.7379 37.1198 188608.974141 -0.012651 0.000466 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6932 77.7379 37.1198 188636.110176 -0.012684 0.000467 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6932 77.7380 37.1198 188663.317308 -0.012717 0.000468 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6933 77.7380 37.1198 188690.595765 -0.012751 0.000469 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6933 77.7380 37.1198 188717.945775 -0.012784 0.00047 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6933 77.7380 37.1198 188745.367565 -0.012818 0.000472 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6933 77.7380 37.1198 188772.861365 -0.012851 0.000473 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6934 77.7381 37.1198 188800.427405 -0.012885 0.000474 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6934 77.7381 37.1198 188828.065917 -0.012919 0.000475 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6934 77.7381 37.1198 188855.777133 -0.012953 0.000476 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6934 77.7381 37.1198 188883.561285 -0.012987 0.000477 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6935 77.7381 37.1198 188911.418608 -0.013021 0.000479 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6935 77.7381 37.1198 188939.349338 -0.013055 0.00048 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6935 77.7382 37.1198 188967.353709 -0.01309 0.000481 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6935 77.7382 37.1198 188995.431958 -0.013124 0.000482 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6936 77.7382 37.1198 189023.584324 -0.013159 0.000483 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6936 77.7382 37.1198 189051.811044 -0.013194 0.000485 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6936 77.7382 37.1198 189080.11236 -0.013229 0.000486 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6937 77.7383 37.1198 189108.488511 -0.013264 0.000487 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6937 77.7383 37.1198 189136.939739 -0.013299 0.000488 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6937 77.7383 37.1198 189165.466287 -0.013334 0.000489 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6937 77.7383 37.1198 189194.068397 -0.013369 0.000491 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6938 77.7383 37.1198 189222.746316 -0.013405 0.000492 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6938 77.7383 37.1198 189251.500288 -0.01344 0.000493 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6938 77.7384 37.1198 189280.33056 -0.013476 0.000494 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6938 77.7384 37.1198 189309.237379 -0.013511 0.000496 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6939 77.7384 37.1199 189338.220994 -0.013547 0.000497 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6939 77.7384 37.1199 189367.281654 -0.013583 0.000498 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6939 77.7384 37.1199 189396.419611 -0.013619 0.000499 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6939 77.7385 37.1199 189425.635115 -0.013656 0.000501 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6940 77.7385 37.1199 189454.928419 -0.013692 0.000502 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6940 77.7385 37.1199 189484.299777 -0.013728 0.000503 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6940 77.7385 37.1199 189513.749443 -0.013765 0.000504 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6941 77.7385 37.1199 189543.277673 -0.013802 0.000506 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6941 77.7386 37.1199 189572.884724 -0.013839 0.000507 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6941 77.7386 37.1199 189602.570854 -0.013876 0.000508 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6941 77.7386 37.1199 189632.336321 -0.013913 0.000509 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6942 77.7386 37.1199 189662.181386 -0.01395 0.000511 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6942 77.7386 37.1199 189692.106309 -0.013987 0.000512 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6942 77.7387 37.1199 189722.111352 -0.014024 0.000513 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6942 77.7387 37.1199 189752.196778 -0.014062 0.000515 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6943 77.7387 37.1199 189782.362852 -0.0141 0.000516 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6943 77.7387 37.1199 189812.609839 -0.014138 0.000517 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6943 77.7387 37.1199 189842.938004 -0.014175 0.000519 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6944 77.7388 37.1199 189873.347617 -0.014213 0.00052 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6944 77.7388 37.1199 189903.838945 -0.014252 0.000521 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6944 77.7388 37.1199 189934.412257 -0.01429 0.000522 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6944 77.7388 37.1199 189965.067825 -0.014328 0.000524 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6945 77.7388 37.1199 189995.805921 -0.014367 0.000525 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6945 77.7389 37.1199 190026.626817 -0.014406 0.000526 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6945 77.7389 37.1199 190057.530787 -0.014444 0.000528 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6946 77.7389 37.1199 190088.518108 -0.014483 0.000529 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6946 77.7389 37.1199 190119.589055 -0.014522 0.00053 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6946 77.7389 37.1199 190150.743906 -0.014562 0.000532 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6946 77.7390 37.1199 190181.982939 -0.014601 0.000533 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6947 77.7390 37.1199 190213.306435 -0.01464 0.000534 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6947 77.7390 37.1199 190244.714675 -0.01468 0.000536 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6947 77.7390 37.1199 190276.20794 -0.01472 0.000537 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6948 77.7390 37.1199 190307.786515 -0.01476 0.000539 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6948 77.7391 37.1200 190339.450684 -0.0148 0.00054 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6948 77.7391 37.1200 190371.200732 -0.01484 0.000541 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6948 77.7391 37.1200 190403.036947 -0.01488 0.000543 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6949 77.7391 37.1200 190434.959616 -0.01492 0.000544 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6949 77.7391 37.1200 190466.96903 -0.014961 0.000545 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6949 77.7392 37.1200 190499.065479 -0.015001 0.000547 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6950 77.7392 37.1200 190531.249254 -0.015042 0.000548 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6950 77.7392 37.1200 190563.520648 -0.015083 0.00055 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6950 77.7392 37.1200 190595.879957 -0.015124 0.000551 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6950 77.7392 37.1200 190628.327475 -0.015165 0.000552 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6951 77.7393 37.1200 190660.8635 -0.015207 0.000554 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6951 77.7393 37.1200 190693.488329 -0.015248 0.000555 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6951 77.7393 37.1200 190726.202261 -0.01529 0.000557 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6952 77.7393 37.1200 190759.005598 -0.015332 0.000558 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6952 77.7394 37.1200 190791.898641 -0.015374 0.00056 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6952 77.7394 37.1200 190824.881692 -0.015416 0.000561 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6953 77.7394 37.1200 190857.955058 -0.015458 0.000562 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6953 77.7394 37.1200 190891.119043 -0.0155 0.000564 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6953 77.7394 37.1200 190924.373954 -0.015543 0.000565 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6953 77.7395 37.1200 190957.720099 -0.015585 0.000567 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6954 77.7395 37.1200 190991.157789 -0.015628 0.000568 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6954 77.7395 37.1200 191024.687334 -0.015671 0.00057 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6954 77.7395 37.1200 191058.309047 -0.015714 0.000571 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6955 77.7395 37.1200 191092.02324 -0.015757 0.000573 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6955 77.7396 37.1200 191125.83023 -0.0158 0.000574 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6955 77.7396 37.1200 191159.730332 -0.015844 0.000576 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6956 77.7396 37.1200 191193.723864 -0.015888 0.000577 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6956 77.7396 37.1200 191227.811146 -0.015931 0.000579 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6956 77.7397 37.1200 191261.992496 -0.015975 0.00058 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6957 77.7397 37.1200 191296.268239 -0.016019 0.000582 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6957 77.7397 37.1201 191330.638695 -0.016064 0.000583 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6957 77.7397 37.1201 191365.104191 -0.016108 0.000585 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6957 77.7397 37.1201 191399.665052 -0.016153 0.000586 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6958 77.7398 37.1201 191434.321606 -0.016197 0.000588 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6958 77.7398 37.1201 191469.074181 -0.016242 0.000589 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6958 77.7398 37.1201 191503.923107 -0.016287 0.000591 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6959 77.7398 37.1201 191538.868716 -0.016332 0.000592 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6959 77.7399 37.1201 191573.911342 -0.016378 0.000594 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6959 77.7399 37.1201 191609.051319 -0.016423 0.000595 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6960 77.7399 37.1201 191644.288983 -0.016469 0.000597 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6960 77.7399 37.1201 191679.624671 -0.016514 0.000598 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6960 77.7400 37.1201 191715.058723 -0.01656 0.0006 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6961 77.7400 37.1201 191750.591478 -0.016607 0.000601 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6961 77.7400 37.1201 191786.22328 -0.016653 0.000603 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6961 77.7400 37.1201 191821.95447 -0.016699 0.000605 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6962 77.7400 37.1201 191857.785395 -0.016746 0.000606 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6962 77.7401 37.1201 191893.7164 -0.016793 0.000608 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6962 77.7401 37.1201 191929.747834 -0.016839 0.000609 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6963 77.7401 37.1201 191965.880046 -0.016887 0.000611 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6963 77.7401 37.1201 192002.113387 -0.016934 0.000612 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6963 77.7402 37.1201 192038.44821 -0.016981 0.000614 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6964 77.7402 37.1201 192074.884869 -0.017029 0.000616 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6964 77.7402 37.1201 192111.423719 -0.017076 0.000617 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6964 77.7402 37.1201 192148.065118 -0.017124 0.000619 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6965 77.7403 37.1201 192184.809426 -0.017172 0.00062 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6965 77.7403 37.1201 192221.657001 -0.017221 0.000622 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6965 77.7403 37.1201 192258.608207 -0.017269 0.000624 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6966 77.7403 37.1201 192295.663407 -0.017318 0.000625 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6966 77.7404 37.1202 192332.822966 -0.017366 0.000627 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6966 77.7404 37.1202 192370.087251 -0.017415 0.000629 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6967 77.7404 37.1202 192407.456631 -0.017464 0.00063 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6967 77.7404 37.1202 192444.931476 -0.017514 0.000632 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6967 77.7404 37.1202 192482.512159 -0.017563 0.000634 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6968 77.7405 37.1202 192520.199051 -0.017613 0.000635 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6968 77.7405 37.1202 192557.992529 -0.017662 0.000637 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6968 77.7405 37.1202 192595.89297 -0.017712 0.000639 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6969 77.7405 37.1202 192633.900752 -0.017762 0.00064 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6969 77.7406 37.1202 192672.016255 -0.017813 0.000642 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6969 77.7406 37.1202 192710.239861 -0.017863 0.000644 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6970 77.7406 37.1202 192748.571955 -0.017914 0.000645 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6970 77.7406 37.1202 192787.012921 -0.017965 0.000647 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6970 77.7407 37.1202 192825.563147 -0.018016 0.000649 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6971 77.7407 37.1202 192864.223022 -0.018067 0.000651 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6971 77.7407 37.1202 192902.992936 -0.018118 0.000652 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6971 77.7407 37.1202 192941.873282 -0.01817 0.000654 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6972 77.7408 37.1202 192980.864454 -0.018222 0.000656 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6972 77.7408 37.1202 193019.966849 -0.018274 0.000657 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6972 77.7408 37.1202 193059.180863 -0.018326 0.000659 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6973 77.7408 37.1202 193098.506897 -0.018378 0.000661 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6973 77.7409 37.1202 193137.945353 -0.018431 0.000663 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6974 77.7409 37.1202 193177.496633 -0.018483 0.000664 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6974 77.7409 37.1202 193217.161143 -0.018536 0.000666 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6974 77.7409 37.1202 193256.939289 -0.018589 0.000668 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6975 77.7410 37.1203 193296.831481 -0.018643 0.00067 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6975 77.7410 37.1203 193336.83813 -0.018696 0.000672 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6975 77.7410 37.1203 193376.959648 -0.01875 0.000673 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6976 77.7410 37.1203 193417.196449 -0.018803 0.000675 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6976 77.7411 37.1203 193457.548951 -0.018858 0.000677 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6976 77.7411 37.1203 193498.017571 -0.018912 0.000679 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6977 77.7411 37.1203 193538.60273 -0.018966 0.00068 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6977 77.7412 37.1203 193579.30485 -0.019021 0.000682 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6978 77.7412 37.1203 193620.124355 -0.019076 0.000684 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6978 77.7412 37.1203 193661.061672 -0.019131 0.000686 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6978 77.7412 37.1203 193702.117229 -0.019186 0.000688 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6979 77.7413 37.1203 193743.291456 -0.019241 0.00069 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6979 77.7413 37.1203 193784.584784 -0.019297 0.000691 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6979 77.7413 37.1203 193825.997649 -0.019353 0.000693 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6980 77.7413 37.1203 193867.530486 -0.019409 0.000695 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6980 77.7414 37.1203 193909.183734 -0.019465 0.000697 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6981 77.7414 37.1203 193950.957833 -0.019521 0.000699 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6981 77.7414 37.1203 193992.853225 -0.019578 0.000701 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6981 77.7414 37.1203 194034.870355 -0.019635 0.000703 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6982 77.7415 37.1203 194077.009669 -0.019692 0.000705 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6982 77.7415 37.1203 194119.271616 -0.019749 0.000706 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6982 77.7415 37.1203 194161.656646 -0.019807 0.000708 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6983 77.7416 37.1203 194204.165213 -0.019864 0.00071 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6983 77.7416 37.1203 194246.797771 -0.019922 0.000712 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6984 77.7416 37.1203 194289.554778 -0.01998 0.000714 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6984 77.7416 37.1204 194332.436692 -0.020039 0.000716 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

117.6984 77.7417 37.1204 194375.443976 -0.020097 0.000718 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6985 77.7417 37.1204 194418.577092 -0.020156 0.00072 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6985 77.7417 37.1204 194461.836508 -0.020215 0.000722 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6985 77.7417 37.1204 194505.22269 -0.020274 0.000724 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6986 77.7418 37.1204 194548.73611 -0.020334 0.000726 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6986 77.7418 37.1204 194592.377239 -0.020393 0.000728 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6987 77.7418 37.1204 194636.146553 -0.020453 0.00073 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6987 77.7419 37.1204 194680.044528 -0.020513 0.000732 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6987 77.7419 37.1204 194724.071645 -0.020574 0.000734 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6988 77.7419 37.1204 194768.228384 -0.020634 0.000736 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6988 77.7419 37.1204 194812.515229 -0.020695 0.000738 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6989 77.7420 37.1204 194856.932668 -0.020756 0.00074 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6989 77.7420 37.1204 194901.481188 -0.020817 0.000742 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6989 77.7420 37.1204 194946.16128 -0.020878 0.000744 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6990 77.7421 37.1204 194990.973438 -0.02094 0.000746 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6990 77.7421 37.1204 195035.918158 -0.021002 0.000748 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6991 77.7421 37.1204 195080.995938 -0.021064 0.00075 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6991 77.7421 37.1204 195126.207278 -0.021126 0.000752 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6991 77.7422 37.1204 195171.552681 -0.021189 0.000754 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6992 77.7422 37.1204 195217.032653 -0.021252 0.000756 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6992 77.7422 37.1204 195262.647702 -0.021315 0.000758 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6993 77.7423 37.1204 195308.398338 -0.021378 0.00076 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6993 77.7423 37.1205 195354.285073 -0.021442 0.000762 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6993 77.7423 37.1205 195400.308423 -0.021506 0.000764 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6994 77.7423 37.1205 195446.468907 -0.02157 0.000766 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6994 77.7424 37.1205 195492.767044 -0.021634 0.000768 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514
117.6995 77.7424 37.1205 195539.203357 -0.021698 0.000771 #DIV/0! 1.66E-02 0.00852298514

A B L tube (cm) Konversi (x) T gas (K) T steam (K) P (atm)
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 0 0.0000 696.1500 723.1500 1.0000
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 28.5 0.0059 696.1498 #DIV/0! 0.5283
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 60 0.0083 696.1497 #DIV/0! 0.0069
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 96.5 0.0054 696.1498 #DIV/0! -0.5972
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 138.5 -0.0054 696.1502 #DIV/0! -1.2924
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 188.5 -0.0289 696.1511 #DIV/0! -2.1200
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 250.5 -0.0757 696.1530 #DIV/0! -3.1462
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 331 -0.1696 696.1566 #DIV/0! -4.4786
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 445.5 -0.3863 696.1650 #DIV/0! -6.3738
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 645 -1.1594 696.1947 #DIV/0! -9.6758
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 901 -4.1623 696.3050 #DIV/0! -13.9130
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 PROFIL KONVERSI
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 1.0

Konversi (Xa)
0.9
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.8
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 0.7

0.6
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 0.5
0.4
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 0.3
0.2
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.1
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 0.0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
Panjang tube (cm)
0.1
0.0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Panjang tube (cm)

0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 PROFIL SUHU ALIRAN GAS
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
696.310
696.290
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
Suhu (K)
696.270
696.250
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 696.230
696.210
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 696.190
696.170
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 696.150
696.130
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 696.110
696.090
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 696.070
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
Panjang tube (cm)
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 PROFIL SUHU STEAM
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 730

725
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
Suhu (K)
720
715
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 710
705
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 700
695
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 690
685
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 680
675
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 670
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
Panjang tube (cm)
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 PROFIL TEKANAN
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 2.0000
0.0000
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
Suhu (K)
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
-2.0000
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 -4.0000
-6.0000
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
-8.0000
-10.0000
-12.0000
-14.0000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
-2.0000
Suhu
-4.0000
-6.0000
-8.0000
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 -10.0000
-12.0000
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
-14.0000
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 -16.0000
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
Panjang tube (cm)
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 Densitas gas umpan campuran:
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 BM . To .Pi

ρ gas =
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 V . Ti . Po
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 BM = Σ xi. BM
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 Komposisi Kg/h BM Kmol/h Xi BMi
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 Etanol 62781.1425 46.069 ### 0.9026 41.58014
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 Air 2650.3620 18.015 147.1197 0.0974 1.755343
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 Steam 0.0000 18.015 0.0000 0.0000 0
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 Total 65431.5044 1509.883 1.0000 43.33548
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 95.5374
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 Densitas gas produk campuran :
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 BM = 95.5374 lb/lbmol
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 V = Volume spesifik gas ideal pada keadaan STP
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 = 791.528 ft3/kmol
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 To = 0 °C = 32 F
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 Po = 14.7 Psi
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 Ti = suhu gas campuran keluar reaktor = 793.679 F
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 Pi = -204.5215 psi
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 BM . To .Pi

ρ gas = = -0.067707 lb/cuft
ρ gas = = -0.067707 lb/cuft
0.00852298514 1.94E+00 V . Ti . Po
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
0.00852298514 1.94E+00
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P (atm)
1.0000
0.5283
0.0069
-0.5972
-1.2924
-2.1200
-3.1462
-4.4786
-6.3738
-9.6758
-13.9130
00 800 900 1000

00 800 900 1000
00 800 900 1000
00 800 900 1000
00 800 900 1000

00 800 900 1000
BMi
41.58014
1.755343
43.33548 kg/kgmol
95.5374 lb/kgmol
D-724
LAMPIRAN D
SPESIFIKASI PERALATAN UTILITAS
D.1 UNIT PENYEDIA STEAM
Nama Alat : Boiler
Kode : Q-260
Fungsi : Menghasilkan steam untuk alat proses
Tipe : Water Tube Boiler
a. Perhitungan Jumlah Steam yang Harus disediakan Boiler
Asumsi : Suhu air masuk pada T 30 oC
Dari App. A.2-3 dan A.2-4 Geankoplis, didapatkan :
Densitas (ρ) = 995.68 kg/m3 = 62.13043 lb/ft3
Viskositas (µ) = 0.8007 cp = 0.000538 lb/ft.s
Alat proses yang memerlukan steam :
Nama Alat dan Jumlah Steam

No.
Kode Alat (lb/jam)
1 Vaporizer 5955.4869
2 Heater 30611.9812
3 Reaktor #NAME?
4 Reboiler #REF!
D-725
Total #NAME?
Untuk memperhitungkan faktor keamanan dan kebocoran, maka direncanakan
steam yang dihasilkan 20% lebih besar dari kebutuhan normal.
Jadi jumlah steam yang harus dihasilkan boiler sebesar :
= 1.2 x #NAME? lb/jam = #NAME? lb/jam
Diasumsikan 60% kondensat steam dapat digunakan kembali, sehingga :

Yg udh dikali 1,2
Sirkulasi kondensat = 60% . #NAME? lb/jam
= #NAME? lb/jam
Steam yang dihasilkan adalah superheated steam pada tekanan 1,01325 Bar dan
temperatur 450 oC.
(Chemical Logic Steam Tab.Companion, Superheated Steam)
λ steam = 3382.3 KJ/Kg = 1454.1288 Btu/lb
b. Perhitungan Power Boiler
Power boiler dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan :

ms λ
HP=
33480
dimana : ms = massa steam yang dihasilkan (lb/jam)
λ = entalphi superheated steam (Btu/lb)
maka :
HP = #NAME? HP
D-726
» #NAME? HP
Digunakan power boiler ### HP
c. Perhitungan Kebutuhan Air Umpan Boiler
Kebutuhan air umpan boiler dihitung dengan persamaan sebagai berikut :
W
W' 
F
dimana : W’ = kebutuhan air umpan boiler (lb/jam)
W = steam yang dihasilkan boiler (lb/jam)
F = faktor evaporasi
Faktor evaporasi dihitung dengan persamaan :
λ
F =
970.4
F = 1.498484
Air umpan boiler yang disediakan sebelum sirkulasi :
maka : W’ = #NAME? lb/jam = #NAME? kg/jam
Steam yang terkondensasi (kondensat steam) = #NAME? lb/jam
Air umpan boiler yang ditambahkan : #NAME? - #NAME?
= #NAME? lb/jam
D-727
Jadi make up air umpan boiler sebesar = #NAME? kg/jam
d. Perhitungan Kebutuhan Bahan Bakar Boiler
Untuk bahan bakar boiler digunakan minyak diesel (diesel oil) dengan heating
value HV = 19525 Btu/lb. Efisiensi pembakaran boiler 85 %.
Kebutuhan bahan bakar boiler :

ms . λ
mf =
ηB .
Hv
dimana : mf = massa bahan bakar; lb/jam

ms = massa steam yang dihasilkan; lb/jam
λ = entalpi uap jenuh steam; Btu/lb

ηB = efisiensi boiler
HV = nilai kalor bahan bakar; Btu/lb
maka :
mf = #NAME? lb/jam
Diketahui densitas bahan bakar ρ =54.9384 lb/ft3
Maka rate volumetrik bahan bakar boiler :

mf
Q =
𝝆
D-728
maka :
= #NAME? ft3/jam = #NAME? liter/jam
e. Perhitungan Perpindahan Panas Boiler
Boiler yang dipakai adalah tipe water tube boiler dengan heating surface
boiler = 10 ft2/HP
Jadi, luas perpindahan panas atau heating surface boiler (A) :
A = power boiler x heating surface boiler
= #NAME? x 10 = #NAME? ft2
Karena luas perpindahan panas lebih dari 120 ft2, maka digunakan shell and tube
Ditetapkan tube boiler :
1. Nominal pipe size (NPS) = 24 in
2. Luas permukaan/panjang tube (a) = 6.283 ft2/ft
3. Panjang tube (L) = 12 ft
Maka jumlah tube boiler; Nt :
A
Nt = = ###
ao x L
Ditetapkan jumlah tube boiler sebanyak ### buah

D-729
D.2 UNIT PENYEDIA AIR
a. Perhitungan Kebutuhan Air
1. AIR UMPAN BOILER = #NAME? lb/jam
2. AIR PENDINGIN
Alat proses yang memerlukan air pendingin :
Jumlah Air
Nama Alat dan
No. Pendingin
KodeAlat
(lb/jam)
1 Cooler 492210.77609
2 Condensor 66063.088478
Total 558273.8646
Untuk menghemat pemakaian air, air bekas pendingin dari peralatan pendingin
perlu disirkulasi. Dengan asumsi, terjadi kehilangan 10 % dari total air sebelum
disirkulasi.
90
Air yang disirkulasi = x 558273.8646
100
= 502446.478 lb/jam
Air yang harus ditambahkan (make-up water) :
= 558273.8646 - 502446.478
D-730
= 55827.38646 lb/jam
3. AIR SANITASI
- Untuk Keperluan Karyawan
Perkiraan kebutuhan air sanitasi didasarkan pada jumlah karyawan pabrik
sebanyak 100 orang dengan kebutuhan air 120 liter/orang/hari (Standar WHO)
Total kebutuhan air karyawan :
= 100 x 120 Liter/hari = 12,000 Liter/hari = 500 L/h
- Untuk Keperluan Laboratorium dan Pencucian Alat
Air untuk keperluan laboratorium dan untuk pencucian alat diperkirakan
3000 liter/hari 125 liter/jam
- Untuk Keperluan Poliklinik
Air untuk poliklinik diperkirakan 1500 liter/hari = 62.5 liter/jam
- Untuk Keperluan Hydrant fire
Air hydrant fire diperkirakan 1500 liter/hari = 62.5 liter/jam
- Untuk Keperluan Kantin, Musholla dan Kebun
Air untuk keperluan kantin, musholla dan kebun sebesar 12000 liter/hari
= 500 liter/jam
- Total Kebutuhan Air Sanitasi :
= 500 + 125 + 62.5 + 62.5 + 500
= 1250 Liter/jam x 1 kg/Liter
= 1250 kg/jam
= 2755.78 lb/jam
4. TOTAL KEBUTUHAN AIR

D-731
= #NAME? + 558273.8646 + 2755.78
= #NAME? lb/jam
5. SUPLAI AIR DARI PENGOLAHAN AIR
Air yang disuplai dari pengolahan air
= Total kebutuhan air - sirkulasi air pendingin - kondensat steam
= #NAME? - 502446.478 - #NAME?
= #NAME? lb/jam
b. Uraian Unit Penyedia Air
Unit penyedia air ini terdiri dari peralatan pengolahan air sebagai berikut :
1. POMPA RAW WATER
Kode : L - 111
Konstruksi : Cast iron
Fungsi : Mengalirkan air dari sungai ke bak pengendap
Jumlah Pompa : 1 buah
Jumlah air yang harus dipompakan adala #NAME? lb/jam
Massa air masuk (m) = #NAME? lb/jam
= #NAME? kg/jam
Asumsi : Suhu air masuk pada T = 30 oC


rc
Pi
A
ρvD
NRe =
=
=
Hd
Rate volumetrik (Qf) =
Asumsi : Aliran turbulen

=
=
m
2.067 in = 0.1723 ft
0.02330 ft2
Kecepatan linier =
Reynold Number (NRe):
###
Head Losses (HF)

=
Qf
###
###
###
Dari pers. (15) ch.14 Peters&Timmerhaus:
Di opt = 3,9 × Qf 0,45 × ρ 0,13
»
###
2.0
0.1666
in
in
ft
ft/s

ft3/jam
ft3/s
Dari App. A.5-1 Geankoplis untuk NPS 2 in Sch. 40 diperoleh:
ID
> 2100 (asumsi benar)
a). Sudden Contraction Losses

c
D-732
D-733
v2
hc  kc
2. gc . α (pers. 2.10-16, Geankoplis)
A1 A2
(A1 >>A2),dimana: A1 = 0.0233 ft2

A2 ≈ 0
dimana : A2
Kc = 0.55 1 - = 0.55
A1 ( hal.104, Geankoplis)
α = 1 (untuk aliran turbulen)
sehingga :
lbf.ft
hc = ###
lbm
b). Sudden Enlargement Losses
A1 A2
 (A2 >>A1),dimana : A1 ≈
AB 0  2
A2 = 0.0233 ft2
2
v2  A  v2 
hex  kex  1 1    (pers. 2.10-15, Geankoplis)
2. gc . α  A2   2.g .α
 c 
D-734
lbf.ft
= ###
lbm
c). Losses in fitting and valve
V2
hf = Kf x (pers. 2.10-17, Geankoplis)
2.gc
Dari tabel 2.10-1 Geankoplis didapat :
Elbow, 90o → kf = 0.75
Gate valve (wide open) → kf = 0.17
Coupling → kf = 0.04
Asumsi :
Panjang pipa = 8 km
= 8000 m
maka :
4 elbow 90o = 4 . kf = 3
2 valve = 2 . kf = 0.34
2000 coupling = 80
Total kf = 83
sehingga :
V2
hf = Kf x
2.gc
lbf.ft
= ###
lbm
D-735
d). Losses in pipe straight
4 x f x V2 x ∑L
hf =
2 x D x gc (pers. 2.10-18, Geankoplis)
Elbow,90o → L/D = 35
Gate valve (wide open) → L/D = 9
Coupling → L/D = 2
Asumsi :
Panjang pipa = 8 km
= 8000 m
= 26247 ft
Bahan pipa = Cast iron
maka :
4 elbow 90o = 4 . D . L/D = 0.1148 ft
2 valve = 2 . D . L/D = 0.0574 ft
2000 coupling = 2000 . D . L/D = 57.3937 ft
Total Le = 57.5659 ft
∑ L = L + Le
= 26304.2059 ft
= 8017.5220 m
Dari fig. 2.10-3 Geankoplis :
Untuk cast iron = 2.60E-04 m

D-736
= 8.53E-04 ft

= 0.0049522
D
Dengan Nr = #NAME? maka diperoleh :
f = 0.0081
sehingga : 4 x f x V2 x ∑L
hf =
2 x D x gc
lbf.ft
= ###
lbm
∑ F = HF = hc + hex + hf + hF
lbf.ft
= #NAME?
lbm
Energi mekanik pompa bernoully yang dibutuhkan :
ΔV2 g ΔP
-Ws = + Δz + + ∑F
2 x α x gc gc P
Asumsi :
P1 = P 2 = 14,7 psi, sehingga ∆P = 0
∆z = 60 ft
maka :
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = #NAME?
lbm
Perhitungan Brake Horse Power (BHP)
m(-Wf)
BHP =
D-737
BHP =
550 x η (pers. 3.3-2, Geankoplis)
dimana :
m = ### lb/s
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = #NAME?
lbm
###
BHP = HP
ηp
Dari fig. 14.37 Peters & Timmerhaus :

Qf = ### ft3/s = #NAME? gpm
maka ηp= 30%
sehingga :
###
BHP = HP = ### HP
30%
Dari fig. 14.38 Peters&Timmerhaus :
Untuk BHP = ### HP ® = 88.0%
sehingga total kerja dan power pompa yang dibutuhkan (WHP), yaitu :
BHP
WHP =
ηm
###
WHP = HP
88.0%
WHP = ### HP
Diambil nilai WHP sebesar = 22 HP

D-738
2. BAK PENGENDAP
Kode : F-110
Konstruksi : Berupa bak terbuat dari beton
Fungsi : Memisahkan air dari sampah - sampah dalam ukuran
besar seperti plastik, kain, kaleng, botol, daun dan lain
sebagainya
Massa air masuk (m) = #NAME? kg/jam
= #NAME? lb/s
Asumsi waktu tinggal (t)
= 1.25 jam
= 4500 sekon
Asumsi : Suhu air masuk pada = 30 oC
Viskositas (µ) = 0.8007 cP = 0.000538 lb/ft.s
m
Rate volumetrik (Qf) = = ### ft3/s
ρ
Asumsi → bak berbentuk persegi panjang dengan perbandingan:
p = 3 x
l = 2 x
t = 1 x
D-739
Volume air = 80% volume bak
m
Volume air di bak = x t
ρ
= #NAME? ft3
Volume Air
Volume bak =
0.8
= #NAME? ft3
Volume bak = pxlxt
#NAME? = (3x) (2x) (x)
#NAME? = 6 x3
384,6751
x = 3 = ### ft
6
sehingga:
p= 3 x = ### ft = ### m
l = 2 x = ### ft = ### m
t = x = ### ft = ### m
Luas bak (A)= pxl = ### ft2
Bentuk rancangan bak
t = ### ft
l = ### ft
D-740
p= ### ft
3. POMPA AIR KE CLARIFIER
Kode : L -112
Fungsi : Mengalirkan air dari bak pengendap ke clarifier
Massa air masuk (m = #NAME? lb/jam
= #NAME? kg/jam
Asumsi : Suhu air masuk pada = 30 oC
m
ρ
= #NAME? ft3/jam
= #NAME? ft3/s
Dari pers. (15) ch.14 Peters & Timmerhaus:
Di opt = 3,9 × Qf 0,45 × ρ 0,13
= ### in
D-741
» 2.0 in
= 0.1666 ft
Dari App. A.5-1 Geankoplis NPS 2 in Sch. 40 diperoleh:
ID = 2.067 in = 0.1723 ft
A = 0.0233 ft2
Qf
Kecepatan linier =
A
= ### ft/s
ρ.v.D
NRe = = #NAME? > 2100 (asumsi benar)
µ
Head Losses (HF)
v2
hc  kc
A1 A2
(A1 >>A2) ,dimana: A1 = #NAME? ft2

A2 = 0.0233 ft2
dimana : A2
Kc = 0.55 1 - = ###
D-742
Kc = 0.55 1 - = ###
α =1 (untuk aliran turbulen)
sehingga :
lbf.ft
hc = ###
lbm
A1 A2
(A2 >>A1),dimana : A1≈ 0.0233 ft2
A2 = 0 ft2
2
v2  A  v2 
hex  kex  1 1   
2.gc . α  A2   2.g .α (pers. 2.10-15, Geankoplis)
 c 
lbf.ft
= ###
lbm
V2
hf = Kf x
2.gc (pers. 2.10-17, Geankoplis)
Elbow, 90o → kf = 0.75

D-743
Asumsi :
Panjang pipa = 75 ft
= 23 m
= 23 m
maka :
3 elbow 90o = 3 . kf = 2.25
2 valve = 2 . kf = 0.34
6 coupling = 6 . kf = 0.24
Total kf = 2.83
sehingga :
V2 lbf.ft
hf = Kf x = ###
2.gc lbm
4 x f x V2 x ∑L (pers. 2.10-18, Geankoplis)

hf =
2 x D x gc
Asumsi :
D-744
= 23 m
= 23 m
maka :
3 elbow 90o = 3 . D . L/D = 18.0863 ft
2 valve = 2 . D . L/D = 3.1005 ft
6 coupling = 6 . D . L/D = 2.0670 ft
∑ L = L + Le
= 98.2538 ft
= 29.9477 m
Untuk cast iron ® = 2.6E-04 m
= 8.5E-04 ft

D = 0.00512
Dengan Nre = #NAME? maka diperoleh :
f = 0.0081
sehingga :
4 x f x V2 x ∑L
hf =
2 x D x gc
lbf.ft
= ###
D-745
= ###
lbm
lbf.ft
= ###
lbm
ΔV2 g ΔP
-Ws = + Δz + + ∑F
2 x α x gc gc P
Asumsi :
P1 = P 2 = 14,7 psi, sehingga ∆P = 0
∆z = 30 ft
maka :
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = ###
lbm
m(-Wf)
BHP =
dimana :
m = ### lb/s
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = ###
lbm
### HP
BHP =
ηp
D-746

maka ηp = 33%
sehingga :
###
BHP = HP = ### HP
33%
Untuk BHP = ### diperolehηm = 80%
BHP ###
WHP = =
ηm 80%
WHP = ### HP
4. CLARIFIER
Kode : F-120
Fungsi : Sebagai tempat terjadinya proses koagulasi, flokulasi dan
sedimentasi
Massa air masuk(m) = #NAME? lb/jam
= #NAME? kg/jam
= 1.25 jam = 4500 sekon
Asumsi :Suhu air masuk pada T = 30 oC

D-747
m
ρ
= #NAME? ft3/jam
= #NAME? ft3/s
* Design Tangki
Hs
Hc
Asumsi : Hs / D = 1
Hs = 1 . D
P operasi = 14.7 Psi
Menghitung diameter dan tinggi tangki
m
Volume air dalam tangki = x t
ρ
= ### ft3
D-748
Volume air
Volume tangki =
0.8
= #NAME? ft3
Volume shell (Vs) = 1/4 π D2 (D)
= 0.7850 D3
Volume konis (Vc) = 1/12 π D2 h , h = tinggi konis
= 1/2 D tg a
Asumsi : a = 30o
maka,
Volume konis (Vc) = 1/12 π D2 (1/2 D tg a )
= 0.0755 D3
Volume tangki = V1s π+ D2VHc

4
### = 0,7850 D3 + 0,0755 D3
### = 0.8605 D3
#NAME?
D3 =
0.8605
= ### ft3
D = ### ft
= ### m (diameter tangki)
Tinggi shell (Hs)

D-749
Hs / D = 1
Hs = 1xD
= ### ft = ### m
Tinggi konis (Hc)
Hc = 1/2 D tg 30
= ### ft
sehingga:
Tinggi tangki (Ht) = Hs + Hc
H = ### ft
Menghitung tebal tangki (tebal shell, tebal konis dan tebal tutup atas)
- Tebal Shell
Volume air dalam shell = volume air – volume konis
= #NAME? - 0,0755 D3
= #NAME? - #NAME?
= #NAME? ft3
Volume air dalam shell

Tinggi air dalam shell =
1/4 π D2
= ### ft
Volume air dalam konis = volume air – volume air dalam shell
= #NAME? - #NAME?
D-750
= #NAME? ft3
Voume air dalam konis

Tinggi air dalam konis =
tan 0,5 a D2
= ### ft
Tinggi total air = tinggi air dalam shell + tinggi air dalam konis
= ### + ###
= ### ft
g
Tekanan hidrostatis (PH) = 𝝆 x x H
gc
= ### Psi
Tekanan design (PD) = Pop + PH
= 14.7 + ###
= ### Psi
sehingga:
PD x
Tebal shell (tmin) =
(f x E) - (0.6 x PD) (Brownell &Young pers. (13.1))
Tangki dirancang menggunakan :
Bahan Konstruksi = Plate Steel SA - 240 Grade T tipe 321

D-751
Allowable stress = 18750 Psi (App. D Brwnell & Young)
Digunakan double welded butt joint dengan,
Efisiensi pengelasan (E) = 80% (tabel 13.2 Brownell & Young)
faktor korosi = 0.125 in
maka,
Tebal shell (tmin) = ### in
» 3/16 in
Cek nilai OD
ID = ### ft = ### in
OD = ID + 2t
= ### in
- Tebal Konis (tc)
PD x D
tc = (pers. 6.154 Brownell & Young)
2 cos α  f . E - 0.6 . PD 
tc = ### in » 3/16 in
- Tebal Tutup Atas (tt)
Tutup atas dirancang berbentuk plate dengan menggunakan bahan konstruksi
yang sama
P 
t t  D C D  (pers. 13.27 Brownell & Young)
f 
dimana : f = 18750 Psi

D-752
PD = ### Psi
D = ### ft
Dari fig. 13.8 Brownell &Young digunakan tipe plate b, sehingga digunakan
konstanta C = 0.162 , maka :

tt = ### in
» 1 3/4 in
* Design Pengaduk
Massa air masuk(m) = #NAME? lb/jam = #NAME? kg/jam
Asumsi : Suhu air masuk pada T 30 oC
Dimensi Pengaduk
- Diameter Impeller (Da)
Da = 1/3 Dt
= ### ft
- Tinggi Daun Pengaduk (W)
W = 1/5 Da
= ### ft
- Ketinggian Pengaduk dari Dasar Tangki (C)
C = 1/3 Dt
= ### ft
D-753
- Lebar Baffle (J)
J = 1/12 Dt
= ### ft
- Jarak Impeller dari Poros (L)
L = 1/4 Da = ### ft
Jumlah Pengaduk
Tinggi air x Sg. Air

Jumlah Pengaduk =
diameter tangki
= ###
» 2 buah impeller
Jadi, digunakan pengaduk sebanyak 2 buah.
Digunakan pengaduk jenis flat six-blade turbin with disc.
Putaran Pengaduk (N)
v
N =
π Da (persamaan hal.240 Mc.Cabe)
m
ρ
= #NAME? ft3/jam
= #NAME? ft3/s
= #NAME? ft3/menit
Qf
Kecepatan Linier (v) =
1/4 π D2
D-754
= ### ft/menit
sehingga:
N = ### rpm
= ### rps
Standar putaran pengaduk minimal yaitu 60 rpm (1 rps), karena putaran pengaduk
yang diperoleh sangat kecil yaitu 0,000186 rps maka digunakan 60 rpm (1 rps).
Da2. N. ρ
Bilangan Reynold (NRe) = = #NAME?
µ
Dari buku Mc. Cabe jilid 1, power number bukan fungsi viskositas. Dan jika
NRe > 10000, maka Np = KT = 5.75
Sehingga power pengaduk (P) :
Np . ρ . N3 . Da5
P =
gc
= ### ft. lb / s
= ### HP
Diambil power pompa sebesar 2 HP
* Kebutuhan Koagulan
Diambil koagulan Al2(SO4)2.18 H2O = 10 mg / L air
m
ρ
= ### ft3/jam
D-755
Maka jumlah koagulan yang ditambahkan ke clarifier adalah :
mg ft3 28,317 L
= 10 x ### x
L jam 1 ft3
= #NAME? mg/jam
= #NAME? kg/jam
5. RESERVOIR-1 (BAK PENAMPUNG)
Kode : F-121
Fungsi : Tempat untuk menampung air jernih dari clarifier
Massa air masuk (m) = #NAME? kg/jam
= #NAME? lb/s
= 1.25 jam
= 4500 sekon
Asumsi : T air masuk pada = 30 oC
m
Rate volumetrik (Qf) = = ### ft3/s
ρ
D-756
Asumsi → bak berbentuk persegi panjang dengan perbandingan:
p = 3 x
l = 2 x
t = 1 x
Volume air = 80% volume bak
m
Volume air dalam bak = x t
ρ
= #NAME? ft3
Volume Air
Volume bak =
0.8
= #NAME? ft3
Volume bak = pxlxt
#NAME? = (3x) (2x) (x)
#NAME? = 6 x3
384,6751
x = 3 = ### ft
6
sehingga:
p= 3 x = ### ft = ### m
l = 2 x = ### ft = ### m
t = x = ### ft = ### m
Luas bak (A)= p x l #NAME? ft2
Bentuk rancangan bak

D-757
t = ### ft
l = ### ft
p= ### ft
6. POMPA SAND FILTER
Kode : L -122
Fungsi : Mengalirkan air dari reservoir-1 ke sand filter
= #NAME? kg/jam
m
ρ
= #NAME? ft3/jam
D-758
= #NAME? ft3/s
Di opt = 3,9 × Qf 0,45 × ρ 0,13
= ### in
» 2.0 in
= 0.1666 ft
ID = 2.067 in = 0.1723 ft
A = 0.0233 ft2
Qf
Kecepatan linier =
A
= ### ft/s
ρ.v.D
µ
Head Losses (HF)
v2
hc  kc
A1 A2
D-759
A1 A2

A2 = 0.0233 ft2
dimana : A2
Kc = 0.55 1 - = ###
sehingga :
lbf.ft
hc = ###
lbm
A1 A2
(A2 >>A1),dimana : A1≈ 0.0233 ft2
A2 = 0 ft2
2
v2  A  v2 
hex  kex  1 1   
2.gc . α  A2   2.g .α (pers. 2.10-15, Geankoplis)
 c 
lbf.ft
= ###
lbm

D-760
V2
hf = Kf x
Elbow, 90o → kf = 0.75
Asumsi :
= 18 m
= 18 m
maka :
2 elbow 90o = 2 . kf = 1.5
2 valve = 2 . kf = 0.34
4 coupling = 4 . kf = 0.16
Total kf = 2
sehingga :
V2 lbf.ft
hf = Kf x = ###
2.gc lbm

hf =
2 x D x gc

Elbow,90o
Coupling
Asumsi :
Panjang pipa
Bahan pipa
maka :
2 valve
4 coupling
h(tebald)
Gate valve (wide open)
Total Le =
∑ L = L + Le
Untuk cast iron
Dengan Nre
=
=
60
18
18
→
ft
= Cast iron
2 elbow 90o = 2 . D . L/D
= 2 . D . L/D
= 4 . D . L/D
76.5360
23.3282
=
ft
#NAME?
L/D = 35
L/D = 9
L/D = 2
= 12.0575 ft
= 3.1005 ft
= 1.3780 ft

D
16.5360 ft
= 2.6E-04 m
= 8.5E-04 ft
= 0.00512
maka diperoleh :
D-761
D-762
f = 0.0081
sehingga :
4 x f x V2 x ∑L
hf =
2 x D x gc
lbf.ft
= ###
lbm
lbf.ft
= ###
lbm
ΔV2 g ΔP
-Ws = + Δz + + ∑F
2 x α x gc gc P
Asumsi :
P1 = P 2 = 14,7 psi, sehingga ∆P = 0
∆z = 15 ft
maka :
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = ###
lbm
m(-Wf)
BHP =
D-763
BHP =
dimana :
m = ### lb/s
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = ###
lbm
### HP
BHP =
ηp

maka ηp = 32%
sehingga :
###
BHP = HP = ### HP
32%
BHP ###
WHP = =
ηm 80%
WHP = ### HP
7. SAND FILTER
Kode : H-130
D-764
Fungsi : Menghilangkan kotoran-kotoran yang masih terkandung
dalam air atau yang lolos dari clarifier
= #NAME? kg/jam
Asumsi : T air masuk pada = 30 o

C
m
ρ
= #NAME? ft3/jam
= #NAME? ft3/menit
= #NAME? ft3/s
Kecepatan aliran untuk filtrasi pada suatu industri yaitu 2-5 gpm/ft² luas area
filtrasi (Brown, hal 230). Diambil kecepatan filtrasi 5 gpm/ft² luas area filtrasi
sehingga luas penampang tangki :

Qf
(A) =
v
= ### ft2
D-765
Asumsi : Sand filter berbentuk bak segi empat (kubus)
sehingga:
A = x2
### = x2
x = ### ft
= ### m
Dimensi isian bed
Pasir halus diameter partikel = 0 - 0,4 mm
tingginya = 13 cm
Pasir kasar diameter partikel = 0 - 2 mm
tingginya = 13 cm
Kerikil halus diameter partikel = 0 - 5 mm
tingginya = 13 cm
Kerikil kasar diameter partikel = 0 - 10 mm
tingginya = 13 cm
Kekel diameter partikel = 0 - 30 mm
tingginya = 13 cm
8. RESERVOIR-2 (BAK PENAMPUNG)
Kode : F-140
Fungsi : Tempat untuk menampung air jernih yang keluar dari sand
filter
D-766
= #NAME? kg/jam
Asumsi : Suhu air masuk pada T 30 o

C
= 1.25 jam = 4500 sekon
m
ρ
= #NAME? ft3/jam
= #NAME? ft3/menit
= #NAME? ft3/s
Asumsi : bak berbentuk persegi panjang dengan perbandingan:
p = 3 x
l = 2 x
t = 1 x
Volume air = 80% Volume Bak
m
ρ
= #NAME? ft3
Volume Air
Volume bak =
0.8
D-767
= ### ft3
Volume bak = pxlxt
### = (3x) (2x) (x)
### = 6 x3
###
x 3
=
6
x3 = #NAME?
x = ### ft
sehingga:
p = 3x = ### ft = ### m
l = 2x = ### ft = ### m
t = x = ### ft = ### m
Luas bak (A) = pxl = ### ft2
Bentuk rancangan reservoir :
9. POMPA HYDRANT FIRE
Kode : L -141

D-768
Fungsi : Mengalirkan air dari reservoir-2 ke hydrant fire
Massa air masuk(m) = 137.7875 lb/jam
= 62.5000 kg/jam
m
Rate volumetrik (Qf) = = 2.2177 ft3/jam
ρ
= 0.0006 ft3/s
Di opt = 3,9 × Qf 0,45 × ρ 0,13
= 0.2396 in
» 1/4 in
= 0.0208 ft
Dari App. A.5-1 Geankoplis NPS 1/4 in Sch. 40 diperoleh:
ID = 0.364 in = 0.0303 ft
A = 0.00072 ft2
Qf
Kecepatan linier =
A
= 0.8556 ft/s
D-769
Reynold Number (NRe) :
ρ.v.D
NRe = = 2996.9207 > 2100 (asumsi benar)
µ
Head Losses (HF)
v2
hc  kc
A1 A2

A2 = 0.0007 ft2
dimana : A2
Kc = 0.55 1 - = ###
sehingga :
lbf.ft
hc = 0.0063
lbm
A1 A2
D-770
A1 A2
(A2 >>A1),dimana : A1≈ 0.0007 ft2
A2 = 0 ft2
2
v2  A  v2 
hex  kex  1 1   
2. gc . α  A2   2.g .α (pers. 2.10-15, Geankoplis)
 c 
lbf.ft
= 0.0114
lbm
V2
hf = Kf x
Elbow, 90o → kf = 0.75
Asumsi : Panjang pipa = 40 ft
= 12 m
= 12 m
maka :
1 elbow 90o = 1 . kf = 0.75
2 valve = 2 . kf = 0.34
4 coupling = 4 . kf = 0.16
D-771
Total kf = 1.25
sehingga :
V2 lbf.ft
hf = Kf x = 0.0142
2.gc lbm

hf =
2 x D x gc
Asumsi :
= 12 m
= 12 m
maka :
1 elbow 90o = 1 . D . L/D = 1.0617 ft
2 valve = 2 . D . L/D = 0.5460 ft
4 coupling = 4 . D . L/D = 0.2427 ft
D-772
∑ L = L + Le
= 41.8503 ft = 12.7560 m
= 8.5E-04 ft

D = 0.04096
Dengan Nre = 2997 maka diperoleh :
f = 0.019
sehingga :
4 x f x V2 x ∑L
hf =
2 x D x gc
lbf.ft
= 1.1929
lbm
lbf.ft
= 1.2247
lbm
ΔV2 g ΔP
-Ws = + Δz + + ∑F
2 x α x gc gc P
Asumsi :
D-773
P1 = P 2 = 14,7 psi, sehingga ∆P = 0
∆z = 20 ft
maka :
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = 21.2361
lbm
m(-Wf)
BHP =
dimana :
m = 0.0383 lb/s
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = 21.2361
lbm
0.0015 HP
BHP =
ηp

Qf = 0.0006 ft3/s = 0.2302 gpm
maka ηp = 20%
sehingga :
0.0015
BHP = HP = 0.0074 HP
D-774
BHP = HP = 0.0074 HP
20%
Untuk BHP = 0.0074 diperolehηm = 80%
BHP 0.0074
WHP = =
ηm 80%
WHP = 0.009236 HP
10. POMPA CLORINATOR
Kode : L -142
Fungsi : Mengalirkan air dari reservoir-2 ke clorinator
= 1187.5000 kg/jam
m
D-775

ρ
= 0.0117 ft3/s
Di opt = 3,9 × Qf 0,45 × ρ 0,13
= 0.9015 in
» 1 in
= 0.0833 ft
ID = 1.049 in = 0.0874 ft
A = 0.0060 ft2
Qf
Kecepatan linier =
A
= 1.9508 ft/s
ρ.v.D
NRe = = 19691.7448 > 2100 (asumsi benar)
µ
Head Losses (HF)
v2
hc  kc
2. gc . α
D-776
v2
hc  kc
A1 A2

A2 = 0.0060 ft2
dimana : A2
Kc = 0.55 1 - = ###
sehingga :
lbf.ft
hc = 0.0325
lbm
A1 A2
(A2 >>A1),dimana : A1≈ 0.0060 ft2
A2 = 0 ft2
2
v2  A  v2 
hex  kex  1 1   
 c 
lbf.ft
= 0.0591
D-777
= 0.0591
lbm
V2
hf = Kf x
Elbow, 90o → kf = 0.75
= 12 m
= 12 m
maka :
1 elbow 90o = 1 . kf = 0.75
2 valve = 2 . kf = 0.34
4 coupling = 4 . kf = 0.16
Total kf = 1.25
sehingga :
V2 lbf.ft
hf = Kf x = 0.0739
2.gc lbm

hf =
D-778
hf =
2 x D x gc
Asumsi :
= 12 m
= 12 m
maka :
1 elbow 90o = 1 . D . L/D = 3.0596 ft
2 valve = 2 . D . L/D = 1.5735 ft
4 coupling = 4 . D . L/D = 0.6993 ft
∑ L = L + Le
= 45.3324 ft
= 13.8173 m
= 8.5E-04 ft

D
D-779

D = 0.01024
f = 0.0098
sehingga :
4 x f x V2 x ∑L
hf =
2 x D x gc
lbf.ft
= 1.2022
lbm
lbf.ft
= 1.3678
lbm
ΔV2 g ΔP
-Ws = + Δz + + ∑F
2 x α x gc gc P
Asumsi :
P1 = P 2 = 14,7 psi, sehingga ∆P = 0
∆z = 10 ft
maka :
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = 11.4269
lbm
D-780
m(-Wf)
BHP =
dimana :
m = 0.7272 lb/s
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = 11.4269
lbm
0.0151 HP
BHP =
ηp

Qf = 0.0117 ft3/s = 4.3744 gpm
maka ηp = 20%
sehingga :
0.0151
BHP = HP = 0.0755 HP
20%
BHP 0.0755
WHP = =
ηm 80%
WHP = 0.09443 HP

D-781
11. CLORINATOR
Kode : F-143
Fungsi : Tempat kontak antara air bersih dari reservoir-2 dengan klor
sebagai desinfektan untuk digunakan sebagai air sanitasi
Massa air masuk (m) = 2617.9625 lb/jam
= 1187.5000 kg/jam

C
= 2 jam = 7200 sekon
m
ρ
= 42.1366 ft3/jam
= 0.7023 ft3/menit
= 0.0117 ft3/s
p = 3 x
l = 2 x
D-782
t = 1 x
m
ρ
= 84.2731 ft3
Volume Air
Volume bak =
0.8
= 93.63679 ft3
Volume bak = pxlxt
93.63679 = (3x) (2x) (x)
93.63679 = 6 x3
93.63679
x3 =
6
x3 = 15.6061
x = 2.4990 ft
sehingga:
p = 3x = 7 ft = 2.2851 m
l = 2x = 5 ft = 1.5234 m
t = x = 2 ft = 0.7617 m
Luas bak (A) = p x l = 37.46981 ft2
Bentuk rancangan clorinator :

D-783
Kebutuhan klorin :
Digunakan klorin dengan dosi = 2 ppm (standart WHO)
Jumlah klorin = 2 mg/L . 1187.5 L/jam
= 2375 mg/jam
= 0.002375 kg/jam
12. POMPA AIR SANITASI
Kode : L -144
Fungsi : Mengalirkan air dari clorinator ke laboratorium, poliklinik,
perumahan karyawan dan lain-lain
= 1187.5000 kg/jam

D-784
m
ρ
= 0.0117 ft3/s
Di opt = 3,9 × Qf 0,45 × ρ 0,13
= 0.9015 in
» 1 in
= 0.0833 ft
ID = 1.049 in = 0.0874 ft
A = 0.0060 ft2
Qf
Kecepatan linier =
A
= 1.9508 ft/s
ρ.v.D
NRe = = 19691.7448 > 2100 (asumsi benar)
µ
Head Losses (HF)
v2
hc  kc
D-785
A1 A2
(A1 >>A2) ,dimana: A1 = 37.4698 ft2

A2 = 0.0060 ft2
dimana : A2
Kc = 0.55 1 - = 0.5499
α =1 (untuk aliran turbule, sehingga :

lbf.ft
hc = 0.0325
lbm
A1 A2
(A2 >>A1),dimana : A1≈ 0.0060 ft2
A2 = 0 ft2
2
v2  A  v2 
hex  kex  1 1   
2.gc .α  A2   2.g .α (pers. 2.10-15, Geankoplis)
 c 
lbf.ft
= 0.0591
lbm
D-786
V2
hf = Kf x
Elbow, 90o → kf = 0.75
Tee → kf = 1
= 1524 m
= 1524 m
maka :
1 elbow 90o = 1 . kf = 0.75
2 valve = 2 . kf = 0.34
381 coupling = 381 kf = 15.24
2 tee = 2 . kf = 2
Total kf = 18.33
sehingga :
V2 lbf.ft
hf = Kf x = 1.0840
2.gc lbm

hf =
D-787
hf =
2 x D x gc
Tee → L/D = 50
Asumsi :
= 1524 m
= 1524 m
maka :
1 elbow 90o = 1 . D . L/D = 3.0596 ft
2 valve = 2 . D . L/D = 1.5735 ft
381 coupling = 381 . D . L/D = 66.612 ft
2 tee = 2 . D . L/D = 8.7417 ft
∑ L = L + Le
= 5079.9863 ft
= 1548.3798 m

D-788
= 8.5E-04 ft

D = 0.01024
f = 0.0098
sehingga :
4 x f x V2 x ∑L
hf =
2 x D x gc
lbf.ft
= 134.719
lbm
lbf.ft
= 135.895
lbm
ΔV2 g ΔP
-Ws = + Δz + + ∑F
2 x α x gc gc P
Asumsi :
P1 = P 2 = 14,7 psi, sehingga ∆P = 0
∆z = 100 ft
maka :
D-789
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = 235.954
lbm
m(-Wf)
BHP =
dimana :
m = 0.7272 lb/s
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = 235.954
lbm
0.3120 HP
BHP =
ηp

Qf = 0.0117 ft3/s = 4.3744 gpm
maka ηp = 20%
sehingga :
0.3120
BHP = HP = 1.5599 HP
20%
D-790
BHP 1.5599
WHP = =
ηm 81%
WHP = 1.925798 HP
13. POMPA KATION EXCHANGER
Kode : L-145
Fungsi : Mengalirkan air dari reservoir-2 ke kation exchanger
= #NAME? kg/jam
m
Rate volumetrik (Qf) = = #NAME? ft3/jam
ρ
= ### ft3/s

D-791
Di opt = 3,9 × Qf 0,45 × ρ 0,13
= ### in
» 2 1/2 in
= 0.2083 ft
Dari App. A.5-1 Geankoplis NPS 2 1/2 in Sch. 40 diperoleh:
ID = 2.469 in = 0.2058 ft
A = 0.0332 ft2
Qf
Kecepatan linier =
A
= ### ft/s
ρ.v.D
µ
Head Losses (HF)
v2
hc  kc
A1 A2
D-792

A2 = 0.0332 ft2
dimana : A2
Kc = 0.55 1 - = ###
α =1 untuk aliran turbule , sehingga :

lbf.ft
hc = ###
lbm
A1 A2
(A2 >>A1),dimana : A1≈ 0.0332 ft2
A2 = 0 ft2
2
v2  A  v2 
hex  kex  1 1   
 c 
lbf.ft
= ###
lbm
V2
hf = Kf x
Elbow, 90o
Coupling
maka :
4 elbow 90o
2 valve
4 coupling
Total kf
sehingga :
hf =
Hd
Asumsi : Panjang pipa
Kf
= 4 . kf
= 2 . kf
= 4 . kf =
x
V2
2.gc
hf =
4 x f x V2 x ∑L
2 x D x gc
→ kf =
→ kf =
→ kf =
=
60
18
18
0.34
0.16
3.5
###
Elbow,90o
Coupling
→
→
0.75
0.17
0.04
L/D = 35
L/D = 9
L/D = 2
ft
lbf.ft
lbm
(pers. 2.10-18, Geankoplis)

D-793
Asumsi :
Panjang pipa
Bahan pipa
maka :
Total Le
Hd
4 elbow 90o =
2 valve
4 coupling
∑ L = L + Le
Untuk cast iron
Dengan Nre
f = 0.0072
sehingga :
=
94.1545
28.6983
=
60
18
18
= Cast iron
=
4 . D . L/D
2 . D . L/D
4 . D . L/D
ft
#NAME?
ft
®
= 28.8050 ft
= 3.7035 ft
= 1.6460 ft

D
34.1545 ft
= 2.4E-04 m
= 7.9E-04 ft
= 0.00378
maka diperoleh :
D-794
D-795
4 x f x V2 x ∑L
hf =
2 x D x gc
lbf.ft
= ###
lbm
lbf.ft
= ###
lbm
ΔV2 g ΔP
-Ws = + Δz + + ∑F
2 x α x gc gc P
Asumsi :
P1 = P 2 = 14,7 psi, sehingga ∆P = 0
∆z = 10 ft
maka :
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = ###
lbm
m(-Wf)
BHP =
dimana :
D-796
m = ### lb/s
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = ###
lbm
### HP
BHP =
ηp

maka ηp = 32%
sehingga :
###
BHP = HP = ### HP
32%
BHP ###
WHP = =
ηm 80%
WHP = ### HP
14. KATION EXCHANGER
Kode : KE-210
Fungsi : Mengikat ion - ion positif yang terkandung dalam air
(mengurangi kesadahan dengan menambah NaCl)

D-797
Massa air masuk ke ion exchanger (m) :
= make up air umpan boiler + make up air pendingin + resirkulasi kondensat
= #NAME? + 55827.386 + #NAME?
= #NAME? lb/jam
= 4500 sekon
m
ρ
= ### ft3/s
Air yang masuk ke dalam kation exchanger biasanya mengandung :
Mg2+, Ca2+ = 0.7995 meq/L
Fe2+ = 0.3560 meq/L
Mn2+ = 0.0182 meq/L
Total = 1.1737 meq/L

D-798
Asumsi : Operasi 7 hari sehingga resinnya beroperasi selama
168 jam/minggu
Waktu regenerasi = 8 jam/minggu
(Regenerasi dilakukan agar resin jenuh kembali baik)
Total kation yang dihilangkan adalah:
meq 1 grek
= 0.0182 . . Qf . waktu penyerapan
L 1000 meq
= #NAME? grek
Resin yang digunakan jenis greensand (Fe-silika) dengan spesifikasi:
Kapasitas penyerapan = 0,5 - 2 grek/L
Tinggi bed minimum = 24 in
Regenerasi resin menggunakan HCl dan H2SO4 g/L resin
Volume kation yang dihilangkan

Volume resin =
kapasitas penyerapan
#NAME? grek
=
0.5 grek/L
= #NAME? L
= #NAME? ft3
Kebutuhan HCl untuk regenerasi, diambil berlebih 10% g HCl / L resin

D-799
HCl yang dibutuhka = 110% g HCl / L resin. Volume resin
= #NAME? g HCl
= #NAME? kg HCl
Jadi regenerasi resin untuk 8 jam/minggu perlu HCL sebanyak
= #NAME? kg = ### kg/jam
Kemurnian HCl = 38%

ρ HCl = 1.18 g/mL
Volume HCl 38 % yang dibutuhkan #NAME? g HCl
= 1.18 g/mL
= #NAME? mL
= #NAME? L
Jadi regenerasi resin untuk 8 jam/minggu perlu HCl sebanyak :
= #NAME? L
Design dimensi tangki
Hd
h (tebal bed)
Hd
Hd
D-800
h (tebal bed)
Hd
Asumsi rancangan tinggi bed minimum : h = 0,75 D
4 V 1/3
Diameter bed (D) =
π
= #NAME? ft
= #NAME? m
Diameter tangki (ID) = diameter bed
= #NAME? ft
Tinggi bed (h) = 0,75 D
= #NAME? ft
= #NAME? m
Total tinggi tangki = 2 Hbed
= #NAME? ft
= #NAME? m
g
Tekanan hidrostatis (PH) = ρ H
gc
= #NAME? Psi
= #NAME? Psi
sehingga :
PD x D + c
(f. E) - (0,6 PD)
Tangki dirancang menggunakan

D-801
Allowable stress = 18750 Psi (App. D Brownell & Young)
Digunakan double welded butt joint dengan :
maka :
≈ 1/4 in
Cek nilai OD
ID = #NAME? ft
OD = ID + 2t
= #NAME? in
Dimensi dished
Tangki ini didesign dengan menggunakan tutupan torispherical design head to
straight flange.
ID2 1/2
Tinggi dished (HD) = L - L 2
-
4 (pers. 4.14 Hesse)
dimana :
L = ID – 6
= ### in
sehingga :
Tinggi dished (HD) = #NAME? in
= #NAME? m
D-802
15. POMPA ANION EXCHANGER
Kode : L-211
Konstruks : Cast iron
Fungsi : Mengalirkan air dari kation exchanger ke anion exchanger
= #NAME? kg/jam
m
ρ
= ### ft3/s
Di opt = 3,9 × Qf 0,45 × ρ 0,13
= ### in
» 2 1/2 in
= 0.2083 ft
D-803
ID = 2.469 in = 0.2058 ft
A = 0.03322 ft2
Qf
Kecepatan linier =
A
= ### ft/s
ρ.v.D
µ
Head Losses (HF)
v2
hc  kc
A1 A2
(A1 >>A2) ,dimana: A1 = 0.0332 ft2

A2 = 0.0332 ft2
dimana : A2
Kc = 0.55 1 - = 0.0000
D-804

lbf.ft
hc = ###
lbm
A1 A2
(A2 >>A1),dimana : A1≈ 0.0332 ft2
A2 = 0 ft2
2
v2  A  v2 
hex  kex  1 1   
 c 
lbf.ft
= ###
lbm
V2
hf = Kf x
Elbow, 90o → kf = 0.75
D-805
= 15 m
= 15 m
maka :
3 elbow 90o = 3 . kf = 2.25
2 valve = 2 . kf = 0.34
3 coupling = 3 . kf = 0.12
Total kf = 2.71
sehingga :
V2 lbf.ft
hf = Kf x = ###
2.gc lbm

hf =
2 x D x gc
Asumsi :
= 15 m
D-806
= 15 m
maka :
3 elbow 90o = 3 . D . L/D = 21.6038 ft
2 valve = 2 . D . L/D = 3.7035 ft
3 coupling = 3 . D . L/D = 1.2345 ft
∑ L = L + Le
= 76.5418 ft
= 23.3299 m
= 8.5E-04 ft

D = 0.00410
f = 0.0098
sehingga :
4 x f x V2 x ∑L
hf =
2 x D x gc
lbf.ft
= ###
lbm
lbf.ft
= ###
D-807
= ###
lbm
Energi mekanik pompa Bernoully yang dibutuhkan :
ΔV2 g ΔP
-Ws = + Δz + + ∑F
2 x α x gc gc P
Asumsi :
P1 = P 2 = 14,7 psi, sehingga ∆P = 0
∆z = 25 ft
maka :
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = ###
lbm
m(-Wf)
BHP =
dimana :
m = ### lb/s
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = ###
lbm
### HP
BHP =
ηp

maka ηp = 32%
D-808
sehingga :
###
BHP = HP = ### HP
32%
BHP ###
WHP = =
ηm 80%
WHP = ### HP
16. ANION EXCHANGER
Kode : AE-220
Fungsi : Mengikat ion - ion negatif yang terkandung dalam air
(mengurangi kesadahan dengan menambah NaOH)
Massa air masuk ke ion exchanger (m) :
= make up air umpan boiler + make up air pendingin + resirkulasi kondensat
= #NAME? + 55827.386 + #NAME?
= #NAME? lb/jam
= 4500 sekon
D-809
m
ρ
= ### ft3/s
Diperkirakan air yang keluar dari kation exchanger masih mengandung :
SO2- = 200 mg / L = 0.4167 mgrek / L
NO- = 10 mg / L = 0.333 mgrek / L
F- = 1.5 mg / L = 0.077 mgrek / L
Total = 0.8267 mgrek / L
Asumsi : Operasi 7 hari sehingga resinnya beroperasi selama
168 jam/minggu
Waktu regenerasi = 8 jam/minggu
(Regenerasi dilakukan agar resin jenuh kembali baik)
Total anion yang dihilangkan adalah :
meq 1 grek
= 0.8267 . . Qf . waktu penyerapan
L 1000 meq
= #NAME? grek
Resin yang digunakan adalah acrilyc based dengan spesifikasi:
Kapasitas penyerapan = 0,35 - 0,7 grek/ L

D-810
Tinggi bed minimum = 30 in
Regenerasi resin = 70 - 140 g NaOH/L resin
Volume anion yang dihilangkan

Volume resin =
kapasitas penyerapan
#NAME? grek
=
0.5 grek/L
= #NAME? L
= #NAME? ft3
Asumsi : Regenerasi resin = 80 g NaOH/Lresin
Kebutuhan NaOH untuk regenerasi resin :
= (regenerasi resin) . (vol. resin)
= 80 . #NAME?
= #NAME? g NaOH
= #NAME? kg NaOH
Jadi regenerasi resin untuk 8 jam/minggu perlu NaOH sebanyak
= #NAME? kg
Design dimensi tangki
Hd
h (tebal bed)
Hd
Asumsi rancangan tinggi bed minimum : h = 0,75 D

D-811
4 V 1/3
Diameter bed (D) =
π
= #NAME? ft
= #NAME? m
Diameter tangki (ID) = diameter bed
= #NAME? ft
Tinggi bed (h) = 0,75 D
= #NAME? ft
= #NAME? m
Total tinggi tangki = 2 Hbed
= #NAME? ft
= #NAME? m
g
Tekanan hidrostatis (PH) = ρ H
gc
= #NAME? Psi
= #NAME? Psi
sehingga :
PD x D + c
(f. E) - (0,6 PD)
Tangki dirancang menggunakan
Allowable stress = 18750 Psi (App. D Brownell & Young)

D-812
Digunakan double welded butt joint dengan :
maka :
≈ 1/4 in
Cek nilai OD
ID = #NAME? ft
OD = ID + 2t
= #NAME? in
Dimensi dished
Tangki ini didesign dengan menggunakan tutupan torispherical design head to
straight flange.
ID2 1/2
Tinggi dished (HD) = L - L2 -
4 (pers. 4.14 Hesse)
dimana :
L = ID – 6
= ### in
sehingga :
Tinggi dished (HD) = #NAME? in = #NAME? m
17. POMPA DEMINERAL WATER (SOFTENING WATER)
Kode : L-221
D-813
Fungsi : Mengalirkan air dari anion exchanger ke softening water tank
m
ρ
= ### ft3/s
Di opt = 3,9 × Qf 0,45 × ρ 0,13
= ### in
» 2 1/2 in
= 0.2083 ft
ID = 2.469 in = 0.2058 ft
A = 0.03322 ft2
Qf
Kecepatan linier =
A
= ### ft/s
D-814
ρ.v.D
µ
Head Losses (HF)
v2
hc  kc
A1 A2
(A1 >>A2) ,dimana: A1 = 0.0332 ft2

A2 = 0.0332 ft2
dimana : A2
Kc = 0.55 1 - = 0.0000

lbf.ft
hc = ###
lbm
A1 A2
(A2 >>A1),dimana : A1≈ 0.0332 ft2

D-815
A2 = 0 ft2
2
v2  A  v2 
hex  kex  1 1   
 c 
lbf.ft
= ###
lbm
V2
hf = Kf x
Elbow, 90o → kf = 0.75
= 15 m
= 15 m
maka :
3 elbow 90o = 3 . kf = 2.25
2 valve = 2 . kf = 0.34
3 coupling = 3 . kf = 0.12
Total kf = 2.71
D-816
sehingga :
V2 lbf.ft
hf = Kf x = ###
2.gc lbm

hf =
2 x D x gc
Asumsi :
= 15 m
= 15 m
maka :
3 elbow 90o = 3 . D . L/D = 21.6038 ft
2 valve = 2 . D . L/D = 3.7035 ft
3 coupling = 3 . D . L/D = 1.2345 ft
∑ L = L + Le
= 76.5418 ft
= 23.3299 m
D-817
= 8.5E-04 ft

D
= 0.00410
f = 0.0072
sehingga :
4 x f x V2 x ∑L
hf =
2 x D x gc
lbf.ft
= ###
lbm
lbf.ft
= ###
lbm
ΔV2 g ΔP
-Ws = + Δz + + ∑F
2 x α x gc gc P
Asumsi :
P1 = P 2 = 14,7 psi, sehingga ∆P = 0
∆z = 20 ft
maka :
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = ###
D-818
(-Ws) = ###
lbm
m(-Wf)
BHP =
dimana :
m = ### lb/s
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = ###
lbm
### HP
BHP =
ηp

maka ηp = 32%
sehingga :
###
BHP = HP = ### HP
32%
BHP ###
WHP = =
ηm 80%
WHP = ### HP
D-819
18. SOFTENING WATER TANK
Kode : F-222
Fungsi : Tempat untuk menampung softening water
= #NAME? kg/jam

C
= 1.25 jam = 4500 sekon
m
ρ
= #NAME? ft3/jam
= #NAME? ft3/menit
= #NAME? ft3/s
p = 3 x
l = 2 x
D-820
t = 1 x
m
ρ
= #NAME? ft3
Volume Air
Volume bak =
0.8
= ### ft3
Volume bak = pxlxt
### = (3x) (2x) (x)
### = 6 x3
###
x3 =
6
x3 = #NAME?
x = ### ft
sehingga:
p = 3x = ### ft = ### m
l = 2x = ### ft = ### m
t = x = ### ft = ### m
Luas bak (A) = pxl = ### ft2
Bentuk rancangan softening water tank :

D-821
19. POMPA DEAERATOR
Kode : L-223
Fungsi : Mengalirkan air dari softening water tank ke deaerator
m
ρ
= ### ft3/s
Di opt = 3,9 × Qf 0,45 × ρ 0,13
= ### in
» 1 1/4 in
= 0.1041 ft
ID = 1.380 in = 0.1150 ft
A = 0.0104 ft2
D-822
Qf
Kecepatan linier = = ### ft/s
A
ρ.v.D
µ
Head Losses (HF)
v2
hc  kc
A1 A2

A2 = 0.0104 ft2
dimana : A2
Kc = 0.55 1 - = ###

lbf.ft
hc = ###
lbm
A1 A2
D-823
A1 A2
(A2 >>A1),dimana : A1≈ 0.0104 ft2
A2 = 0 ft2
2
v2  A  v2 
hex  kex  1 1   
 c 
lbf.ft
= ###
lbm
V2
hf = Kf x
Elbow, 90o → kf = 0.75
= 24 m
= 24 m
maka :
4 elbow 90o = 4 . kf = 3
2 valve = 2 . kf = 0.34
6 coupling = 6 . kf = 0.24
D-824
Total kf = 3.58
sehingga :
V2 lbf.ft
hf = Kf x = ###
2.gc lbm

hf =
2 x D x gc
Asumsi :
= 24 m
= 24 m
maka :
4 elbow 90o = 4 . D . L/D = 16.1000 ft
2 valve = 2 . D . L/D = 2.0700 ft
6 coupling = 6 . D . L/D = 1.3800 ft
∑ L = L + Le
= 99.5500 ft
D-825
= 30.3428 m
= 8.5E-04 ft

D = 0.00819
f = 0.0088
sehingga :
4 x f x V2 x ∑L
hf =
2 x D x gc
lbf.ft
= ###
lbm
lbf.ft
= ###
lbm
ΔV2 g ΔP
-Ws = + Δz + + ∑F
2 x α x gc gc P
Asumsi :
P1 = P 2 = 14,7 psi, sehingga ∆P = 0
∆z = 40 ft
maka :
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = ###
D-826
(-Ws) = ###
lbm
m(-Wf)
BHP =
dimana :
m = ### lb/s
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = ###
lbm
### HP
BHP =
ηp

maka ηp = 20%
sehingga :
###
BHP = HP = ### HP
20%
BHP ###
WHP = =
ηm 80%
WHP = ### HP

D-827
20. POMPA RESERVOIR-3
Kode : L-224
Fungsi : Mengalirkan air dari softening water tank ke reservoir-3
(penampungan cooling water)
Massa air masuk(m) = 55827.3865 lb/jam = 25323.14 kg/jam
m
ρ
= 0.2496 ft3/s
Di opt = 3,9 × Qf 0,45 × ρ 0,13
= 3.5723 in
» 2 in
= 0.1666 ft
D-828
ID = 2.067 in = 0.1723 ft
A = 0.0233 ft2
Qf
Kecepatan linier =
A
= 10.7123 ft/s
ρ.v.D
NRe = = 213072.9863 > 2100 (asumsi benar)
µ
Head Losses (HF)
v2
hc  kc
A1 A2

A2 = 0.0233 ft2
dimana : A2
Kc = 0.55 1 - = ###

D-829
lbf.ft
hc = 0.9808
lbm
A1 A2
(A2 >>A1),dimana : A1≈ 0.0233 ft2
A2 = 0 ft2
2
v2  A  v2 
hex  kex  1 1   
2.gc . α  A2   2.g .α
 c 
(pers. 2.10-15, Geankoplis)
lbf.ft
= 1.7833
lbm
V2
hf = Kf x
Elbow, 90o → kf = 0.75
D-830
= 12 m
= 12 m
maka :
1 elbow 90o = 1 . kf = 0.75
2 valve = 2 . kf = 0.34
3 coupling = 3 . kf = 0.12
Total kf = 1.21
sehingga :
V2 lbf.ft
hf = Kf x = 2.1578
2.gc lbm

hf =
2 x D x gc
Asumsi :
= 12 m
D-831
= 12 m
maka :
1 elbow 90o = 1 . D . L/D = 6.0288 ft
2 valve = 2 . D . L/D = 3.1005 ft
3 coupling = 3 . D . L/D = 1.0335 ft
∑ L = L + Le
= 50.1628 ft
= 15.2896 m
= 8.5E-04 ft
 = 0.00512
D
f = 0.0081
sehingga :
4 x f x V2 x ∑L
hf =
2 x D x gc
lbf.ft
= 16.8268
lbm
D-832
lbf.ft
= 21.7488
lbm
ΔV2 g ΔP
-Ws = + Δz + + ∑F
2 x α x gc gc P
Asumsi :
P1 = P 2 = 14,7 psi, sehingga ∆P = 0
∆z = 30 ft
maka :
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = 53.5321
lbm
m(-Wf)
BHP =
dimana :
m = 15.5076 lb/s
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = 53.5321
lbm
1.5094 HP
BHP =
ηp

D-833
Qf = 0.2496 ft3/s = 93.2821 gpm

maka ηp = 20%
sehingga :
1.5094
BHP = HP = 7.5469 HP
20%
BHP 7.5469
WHP = =
ηm 80%
WHP = 9.433584 HP
21. RESERVOIR-3 (PENAMPUNGAN COOLING WATER)
Kode : F-225
Fungsi : Tempat untuk menampung cooling water
Massa air masuk (m) = 558273.8646 lb/jam
= 253231.3638 kg/jam

C
= 1.25 jam = 4500 sekon

D-834
m
ρ
= 8985.5140 ft3/jam
= 149.7586 ft3/menit
= 2.4960 ft3/s
p = 3 x
l = 2 x
t = 1 x
m
ρ
= 11231.8925 ft3
Volume Air
Volume bak =
0.8
= 12479.88 ft3
Volume bak = pxlxt
12479.88 = (3x) (2x) (x)
12479.88 = 6 x3
D-835
12479.88
x3 =
6
x3 = 2079.9801
x = 12.7650 ft
sehingga:
p = 3x = 38 ft = 11.6723 m
l = 2x = 26 ft = 7.7815 m
t = x = 13 ft = 3.8908 m
Luas bak (A) = p x l = 977.6664 ft2
Bentuk rancangan reservoir-3 :
22. POMPA KE UNIT PENDINGIN (HE)
Kode : L-226
Fungsi : Mengalirkan air dari reservoir-3 ke unit pendingin (HE)
Massa air masuk(m) = 558273.8646 lb/jam = 253231.4 kg/jam

D-836
m
ρ
= 2.4960 ft3/s
Di opt = 3,9 × Qf 0,45 × ρ 0,13
= 10.0682 in
» 6 in
= 0.4998 ft
ID = 6.065 in = 0.5054 ft
A = 0.2006 ft2
Qf
Kecepatan linier =
A
= 12.4426 ft/s
ρ.v.D
NRe = = 726179.0469 > 2100 (asumsi benar)
µ
D-837
Head Losses (HF)
v2
hc  kc
A1 A2
(A1 >>A2) ,dimana: A1 = 977.6664 ft2

A2 = 0.2006 ft2
dimana : A2
Kc = 0.55 1 - = 0.5499
α =1 (untuk aliran turbulen) , sehingga :

lbf.ft
hc = 1.3233
lbm
A1 A2
(A2 >>A1),dimana : A1≈ 0.2006 ft2
A2 = 0 ft2
2
v2  A  v2 
hex  kex  1 1   
 c 
lbf.ft
= 2.4059
lbm
D-838
V2
hf = Kf x
Elbow, 90o → kf = 0.75
= 12 m
= 12 m
maka :
2 elbow 90o = 2 . kf = 1.5
2 valve = 2 . kf = 0.34
3 coupling = 3 . kf = 0.12
Total kf = 1.96
sehingga :
V2 lbf.ft
hf = Kf x = 4.7156
2.gc lbm

hf =
2 x D x gc
D-839
Asumsi :
= 12 m
= 12 m
maka :
2 elbow 90o = 2 . D . L/D = 35.3792 ft
2 valve = 2 . D . L/D = 9.0975 ft
3 coupling = 3 . D . L/D = 3.0325 ft
∑ L = L + Le
= 87.5092 ft
= 26.6728 m
= 8.5E-04 ft

D
= 0.00171
f = 0.0064
sehingga :
4 x f x V2 x ∑L
hf =
D-840
hf =
2 x D x gc
lbf.ft
= 10.6642
lbm
lbf.ft
= 19.1090
lbm
ΔV2 g ΔP
-Ws = + Δz + + ∑F
2 x α x gc gc P
Asumsi :
P1 = P 2 = 14,7 psi, sehingga ∆P = 0
∆z = 10 ft
maka :
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = 31.5150
lbm
m(-Wf)
BHP =
dimana :
m = 155.0761 lb/s
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = 31.5150
lbm
8.8858 HP
BHP =
D-841
BHP =
ηp

Qf = 2.4960 ft3/s = 932.8211 gpm
maka ηp = 63%
sehingga :
8.8858
BHP = HP = 14.1045 HP
63%
BHP 14.1045
WHP = =
ηm 81%
WHP = 17.41299 HP
23. POMPA COOLING TOWER
Kode : L-227
Fungsi : Mengalirkan air dari unit pendingin (cooling water return)
menuju cooling tower
Massa air masuk (m = 502446.4781 lb/jam = 227908.2 kg/jam

D-842
m
ρ
= 2.2464 ft3/s
Di opt = 3,9 × Qf 0,45 × ρ 0,13
= 9.6020 in
» 5 in
= 0.4165 ft
ID = 5.047 in = 0.4206 ft
A = 0.1390 ft2
Qf
Kecepatan linier =
A
= 16.1610 ft/s
ρ.v.D
NRe = = 784882.8706 > 2100 (asumsi benar)
µ
Head Losses (HF)

D-843
v2
hc  kc
A1 A2
(A1 >>A2) ,dimana: A1 = 0.2006 ft2

A2 = 0.1390 ft2
dimana : A2
Kc = 0.55 1 - = 0.1689
α =1 (aliran turbulen) , sehingga :

lbf.ft
hc = 2.2324
lbm
A1 A2
(A2 >>A1),dimana : A1≈ 0.1390 ft2
A2 = 0 ft2
2
v2  A  v2 
hex  kex  1 1   
2. gc .α  A2   2.g .α (pers. 2.10-15, Geankoplis)
 c 
lbf.ft
= 4.0588
lbm
D-844
V2
hf = Kf x
Elbow, 90o → kf = 0.75
= 14 m
= 14 m
maka :
2 elbow 90o = 2 . kf = 1.5
2 valve = 2 . kf = 0.34
3 coupling = 3 . kf = 0.12
Total kf = 1.96
sehingga :
V2 lbf.ft
hf = Kf x = 7.9553
2.gc lbm

hf =
2 x D x gc
D-845
Asumsi :
= 14 m
= 14 m
maka :
2 elbow 90o = 2 . D . L/D = 29.4408 ft
2 valve = 2 . D . L/D = 7.5705 ft
3 coupling = 3 . D . L/D = 2.5235 ft
∑ L = L + Le
= 84.5348 ft
= 25.7662 m
= 8.5E-04 ft
 = 0.00205
D
f = 0.0064
sehingga :
D-846
4 x f x V2 x ∑L
hf =
2 x D x gc
lbf.ft
= 20.8845
lbm
lbf.ft
= 35.1310
lbm
ΔV2 g ΔP
-Ws = + Δz + + ∑F
2 x α x gc gc P
Asumsi :
P1 = P 2 = 14,7 psi, sehingga ∆P = 0
∆z = 10 ft
maka :
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = 49.1899
lbm
m(-Wf)
BHP =
dimana :
m = 139.5685 lb/s
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = 49.1899
lbm
D-847
12.4825 HP
BHP =
ηp

Qf = 2.2464 ft3/s = 839.5390 gpm , maka ηp = 60%
sehingga :
12.4825
BHP = HP = 20.8041 HP
60%
BHP 20.8041
WHP = =
ηm 81%
WHP = 25.68408 HP
24. COOLING TOWER
Kode : P-230
Suhu air masuk pada T = 45 oC
Digunakan cooling tower jenis induced draft cooling tower.
Kebutuhan Air Pendingin = 502446.478 lb/jam

D-848
= 227908.227 kg/jam
m
ρ
= 2.2589 ft3/s
Suhu air masuk = 45 oC = 113 o

F
Suhu air keluar = 30 oC = 86 o

F
Suhu wet bulb = 70 oF

Tapproach = 86 oF - 70 oF = 16 o
F
Trange = 113 oF-86 oF = 27 o
F
Luas Permukaan Cooling Tower
Konsentrasi air = 5 gpm/ft2 (Perry ed. 6 hal. 12-15)
Maka didapat luas permukaan teoritis tower :
Qf 8132.05
A = = = 1626.40925 ft2
v 5
Jika perbandingan P : L = 1 : 1
A = P . L
0.5
P = A
0.5
P = 1626.40925
P = 40.32876 ft
Menghitung Tinggi Menara

D-849
Mass velocity liquid, L
m 502446.48
L' = = = 308.92992 lb/ft² jam
A 1626.40924554717
Rasio kecepatan aliran massa gas dan cairan L : G 0.75 - 1.5
Ditetapkan L : G = 1.4
Kecepatan aliran gas
L' 308.93
G = = = 220.66423 lb/ft² jam
L/G 1.4
Number diffusion unit
Z

dT
nd = ka =
L H'  H (Pers. 17.81 Kern)
Harga entalpi (H) dicari dengan persamaan :

H2 = H1 + L/G x ( T2 - T1 ) (Pers. 17.38 Kern)
Dimana :
T2 = suhu masuk cooling tower
T1 = suhu wet bulb 70⁰F
H1 = entalpi udara masuk pada suhu wet bulb
34.5000 Btu/lb. udara (Tabel 17-2 Kern)

H'1 = entalpi udara masuk pada suhu wet bulb

H2 = entalpi udara keluar pada suhu 122⁰F

H'2 = entalpi udara keluar pada suhu 122⁰F
D-850
Persamaan integral diselesaikan secara pendekatan dengan log mean enthalpi
difference.
Bagian atas menara

H'2 - H2 = 101.5400 - 94.7000
= 6.8400 Btu/lb. udara
Bagian bawah menara

H'1 - H1 = 51.3400 - 34.5000
= 16.8400 Btu/lb. udara
ΔH2 - ΔH1
log mean (H'-H) =

ΔH2
ln
ΔH1
6.8400 - 16.8400
=
6.8400
ln
16.8400
= 11.0992
ΔT 113 - 86
nd = = = 2.4326170484
(H-H') 11.0992
Harga yang diizinkan untuk NDU adalah 0,5 - 2,5. Jadi harga yang didapat masih
memenuhi syarat.
ka = 200 - 600 lb/jam ft² (P.601, Kern)
D-851
diambil harga ka = 200 lb/jam ft² dan over design = 10%

nd x L 2.43262 x 308.92992
Z = =
ka 200.0000
= 4.13330 ft
Untuk distribusi udara digunakan 10 buah spray.
Menentukan Kebutuhan Udara
ρ udara 86ºF = 13.7300 lb/ft3
G . A
Qf udara =
ρ
220.6642 . 1626.4092
=
13.7300
= 26139.1363 ft³/jam
= 7.2609 ft³/s
Blower Cooling Tower
Fungsi : Menghisap udara sekeliling untuk dikontakkan dengan air.
Kebutuhan udara = 26139.1363 ft³/jam
= 435.65227 ft³/menit
= 3258.89682 gpm
Diketahui : T2 = 318.1500 K
D-852
T1 = 303.1500 K
P1 = 14.7 psi
Cp udara = 0.25 Btu/lbm⁰F
= 7.21 kkal/lbm⁰K
R = 1.987 kkal/kmol⁰K
= 1545.3 ft lbf/lbmol ⁰R
BM udara = 28.97 lb/lbmol
RT/M = 29124.397653 ft
Cp Cp 7.21
Ƴ = = = = 1.38
Cv Cp - R 7.21 - 1.987
Ƴ - 1 1.38 - 1
= = 0.2756
Ƴ 1.38
Ƴ-1/Ƴ
T2 P2
=
T1 P1
T1
P2 = Ƴ-1/Ƴ
T2 x P2
0.2756
318.1500 x 14.7
= = 17.5156 psi
303.1500
Menghitung Power Blower

Ƴ-1/Ƴ
Ƴ - 1 RT P2
Ws = . . - 1
Ƴ M P1
= 0.2756 x 29124.3977 x 0.0495

D-853
= 397.1488 ft
m . (-Ws)
BHP =
550 . np (Pers. 3.3-2, Geankoplis)
dimana :
m = 99.6918 lb/s
99.6918 . 397.1488
BHP =
550 . np
Hp
= 71.9863 . 1
lbf ft/s
71.9863
= Hp
np
Dari fig 14.37 Peter & Timmerhaus untuk kapasita 3258.90408 gpm :
np = 75%
Sehingga :
72.0
BHP = Hp
75%
= 95.98173 Hp
≈ 95.98173 Hp
Dari figure 14.38 Peter & Timmerhaus, diambil Brake Horse Power teoritis
95.98173 Hp
untuk BHP = 95.98173 Hp → np = 88%

D-854
Sehingga total kerja dan power blower yang dibutuhkan (WHP) yaitu :
BHP 95.981726582
WHP = = = 109.0701 Hp
np 88%
Jadi power blower yang digunakan : 24 Hp
25. POMPA SIRKULASI COOLING WATER
Kode : L-231
Fungsi : Mengalirkan air dari cooling tower kembali ke reservoir-3
Massa air masuk (m = 502446.4781 lb/jam = 227908.23 kg/jam
m
ρ
= 2.2464 ft3/s
Di opt = 3,9 × Qf 0,45 × ρ 0,13
= 9.6020 in
» 5 in
D-855
= 0.4165 ft
ID = 5.047 in = 0.4206 ft
A = 0.1390 ft2
Qf
Kecepatan linier =
A
= 16.1610 ft/s
ρ.v.D
NRe = = 784882.8706 > 2100 (asumsi benar)
µ
Head Losses (HF)
v2
hc  kc
A1 A2
(A1 >>A2) ,dimana: A1 = 1626.4092 ft2

A2 = 0.1390 ft2
dimana : A2
Kc = 0.55 1 - = 0.5500
D-856

lbf.ft
hc = 2.2324
lbm
A1 A2
(A2 >>A1),dimana : A1≈ 0.1390 ft2
A2 = 0 ft2
2
v2  A   v2 
hex  kex  1 1   
2. gc . α  A2 
  2.g .α
 c  (pers. 2.10-15, Geankoplis)
lbf.ft
= 4.0588
lbm
V2
hf = Kf x
Elbow, 90o → kf = 0.75

D-857
= 49 m
= 49 m
maka :
3 elbow 90o = 3 . kf = 2.25
2 valve = 2 . kf = 0.34
12 coupling = 12 . kf = 0.48
Total kf = 3.07
sehingga :
V2 lbf.ft
hf = Kf x = 12.4606
2.gc lbm

hf =
2 x D x gc
Asumsi :
= 49 m
= 49 m
D-858
maka :
3 elbow 90o = 3 . D . L/D = 44.1613 ft
2 valve = 2 . D . L/D = 7.5705 ft
12 coupling = 12 . D . L/D = 10.0940 ft
∑ L = L + Le
= 221.8258 ft
= 67.6125 m
= 8.5E-04 ft
 = 0.00205
D
f = 0.0062
sehingga :
4 x f x V2 x ∑L
hf =
2 x D x gc
lbf.ft
= 53.0900
lbm
D-859
lbf.ft
= 71.8418
lbm
ΔV2 g ΔP
-Ws = + Δz + + ∑F
2 x α x gc gc P
Asumsi :
P1 = P 2 = 14,7 psi, sehingga ∆P = 0
∆z = 60 ft
maka :
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = 135.9007
lbm
m(-Wf)
BHP =
dimana :
m = 139.5685 lb/s
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = 135.9007
lbm
34.4863
BHP = HP
ηp
D-860

Qf = 2.2464 ft3/s = 839.5390 gpm
maka ηp = 60%
sehingga :
34.4863
BHP = HP = 57.4771 HP
60%
BHP 57.4771
WHP = =
ηm 85%
WHP = 67.6201 HP
26. DEAERATOR
Kode : D-240
Fungsi : Melepaskan gas-gas yang terlarut dalam air untuk menghindari
korosi logam (O2 dan CO2)
Tipe : Silinder tegak dengan bahan isian, elliptical dished head
Bahan Isian : Rachig ring (0,25 in)
Debit aliran = make up air umpan boiler + kondensate steam

D-861
= #NAME? + #NAME?
= #NAME? kg/jam
Rasio udara : air = 0.8
Jadi kebutuhan udara = ### kg/jam = #NAME? lb/jam
Kecepatan volumetrik udara ### lb/jam ft2
Sehingga didapat :
Luas penampang deaerator (Ad) = ### ft2
Maka :
4A 0.5
Diameter (D) =
π
= ### ft
= ### m
= ### in
Volume isian
Laju alir udara = #NAME? lb/jam
densitas udara = 13.73 lb/ft3
V= #NAME? ft3/jam
waktu tinggal udara = 0.1 jam
sehingga :
Volume bahan isian = ### ft3
= ### Gallon
### ft3
Tinggi bahan isian =
### ft2
D-862
H = ### ft
= ### m
= ### in
* Menentukan Tebal Vessel
Direncanakan bahan konstruksi ialah Low Alloy Steel SA-301 Grade B
Pd*ri 13.1 Brownel and young ; 254

t= +C
f*E - 0.6*Pd
Diketahui :
Po = 1.0 atm = 14.7 Psi
Ph = (1/44) . rl . (g/gc) . h = ### Psi
Pd = safety factor x (Po+Ph)
= ### Psi
ri = Jari-jari shell (Dv/2) = ### m
### in
f = Allowable Strees untuk bahan konstruksi
Low Alloy Steel SA-301 Grade B = 15000 Psi
E = Efisiensi Pengelasan, diambil
double-welded but joint dengan efisiensi 80% (Brownel and Young; 254)
c = Faktor korosi = 0.125 in
Maka ;
### x #NAME?
tv = + 0.125
D-863
tv = + 0.125
15000 0.8 - 0.6 ###
tv = ### in
Diambil Tebal Standart = 3/16 in = 3/16 in
* Menentukan Tebal Head
Tebal tutup berupa Elliptical mengikuti persamaan berikut:
Pd . d . V 7.57 Brownel and young ; 133

t= +c
2f . E - 0.2 . Pd
Dimana:
V = 1/6(2+k2) 7.56 Brownel and young ; 133
Pada umumnya untuk jenis Elliptical diambil nilai k = 2
V = 1/6(2+22) Brownel and young ; 134
V= 1
OD = (Dv+(2tv)) #NAME? in
OD standar = 60 in
Koreksi Dv dan Lv
Dv= OD - (2*tv)
Dv= 59.6250 in 1.5145 m
Maka :
Lv = 4 x 59.6250
Lv = 238.5 in = 6.0579 m
Maka :
D-864
### x ### x 1
t =
2 x 15000 0.8 - 0.2 x #NAME?
t = ### in
Diambil Tebal Standart = 3/16 in = 3/16 in
Keterangan Gambar :
t = tebal head (in)
Dari tabel 5.7 didapat:
icr = 3 5/8 in
r= 60 in
a = 0,5 x ID = 0.7572 m 29.8124 in
AB = a – icr
= 26.1874 in
BC = r – icr
= 56.38 in
AC = (BC2 – AB2)1/2
D-865
= 49.9235 in
b = r – (BC2 – AB2)1/2
= 10.0765 in
Tinggi straight flange (sf)
sf = 1 1/2 - 2 1/4 in, untuk ketebalan tutup standart 3/16 (tabel 5.8 hal. 93 Brownell)
Diambil sf=2, sehingga dapat dihitung tinggi tutup tangki (OA) yaitu sebesar :
OA = b + sf + t
= 12.0765 in
= 0.3074 m
* Panjang Total Vessel = Lv + (2*OA)
Lv Total = 6.6728 m
27. TANGKI HYDRAZIN
Kode : F-241
Fungsi : Untuk menghilangkan sisa-sisa gas yang terlarut terutama oksigen
sehingga tidak terjadi korosi pada boiler
Kadar : 5 ppm
mg L 1 kg
Kebutuhan Hidrazin = 5 . #NAME? .
L h 1000000 mg
= #NAME? kg/jam
= #NAME? kg/tahun
Type alat : Tangki silinder vertikal
Perhitungan dimensi alat

D-866
Kapasitas untuk waktu tinggal = 24 jam
Qf = W . 24
= #NAME? . 24
= #NAME? kg/jam
ρ cairan = 1 kg/liter
Qf
Volume cairan =
ρ
#NAME?
= = #NAME? m3
1
Over design = 20 %
Volume tangki (Vt) = 1.2 x #NAME?
= #NAME? m3
π D2 H
Vt =
4
Diambil (H/D) = 1.5

π D2 1.5 D
Vt =
4
π D3
Vt =
2.666667
Maka :
Vt 2.666667 1/3
D =
π
#NAME? . 3 1/3
=
D-867
=
3.14
= #NAME? meter
Maka :
Tinggi (H) = 1.5 D
= 1.5 . #NAME?
= #NAME? meter
maka ukuran tangki
Diameter (D) = #NAME? meter
Tinggi (H) = #NAME? meter
28. POMPA AIR UMPAN BOILER
Kode : L-242
Fungsi : Mengalirkan air umpan boiler ke boiler
Massa air masuk (m = #NAME? lb/jam = #NAME? kg/jam
m
ρ
= ### ft3/s
D-868
Di opt = 3,9 × Qf 0,45 × ρ 0,13
= ### in
» 1 1/4 in
= 0.1041 ft
ID = 1.380 in = 0.1150 ft
A = 0.0104 ft2
Qf
Kecepatan linier =
A
= ### ft/s
ρ.v.D
µ
Head Losses (HF)
v2
hc  kc
A1 A2
D-869
A1 A2
(A1 >>A2) ,dimana: A1 = 77.5218 ft2

A2 = 0.0104 ft2
dimana : A2
Kc = 0.55 1 - = 0.5499

lbf.ft
hc = ###
lbm
A1 A2
(A2 >>A1),dimana : A1≈ 0.0104 ft2
A2 = 0 ft2
2
v2  A  v2 
hex  kex  1 1   
 c 
lbf.ft
= ###
lbm
V2
hf = Kf x
Elbow, 90o → kf = 0.75

D-870
= 8 m
= 8 m
maka :
2 elbow 90o = 2 . kf = 1.5
2 valve = 2 . kf = 0.34
2 coupling = 2 . kf = 0.08
Total kf = 1.92
sehingga :
V2 lbf.ft
hf = Kf x = ###
2.gc lbm

hf =
2 x D x gc
Asumsi :
= 8 m
D-871
= 8 m
maka :
2 elbow 90o = 2 . D . L/D = 8.0500 ft
2 valve = 2 . D . L/D = 2.0700 ft
2 coupling = 2 . D . L/D = 0.4600 ft
∑ L = L + Le
= 35.5800 ft
= 10.8448 m
= 8.5E-04 ft
 = 0.00819
D
f = 0.0062
sehingga :
4 x f x V2 x ∑L
hf =
2 x D x gc
lbf.ft
= ###
lbm
lbf.ft
= ###
D-872
= ###
lbm
ΔV2 g ΔP
-Ws = + Δz + + ∑F
2 x α x gc gc P
Asumsi :
P1 = P 2 = 14,7 psi, sehingga ∆P = 0
∆z = 15 ft
maka :
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = ###
lbm
m(-Wf)
BHP =
dimana :
m = ### lb/s
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = ###
lbm
###
BHP = HP
ηp

D-873
maka ηp = 20%
sehingga :
###
BHP = HP = ### HP
20%
BHP ###
WHP = =
ηm 80%
WHP = ### HP

D-874
D.3 UNIT PENYEDIA PENDINGIN NITROGEN CAIR
a. Kebutuhan Pendingin Nitrogen Cair
Jumlah
Nama Alat dan
No. Nitrogen
KodeAlat
(lb/jam)
1 Condensor #REF!
Total #REF!
b. Unit Penyedia Nitrogen Cair
1. TANGKI PENYIMPANAN NITROGEN CAIR (F-270)
Fungsi : Untuk menyimpan pendingin Nitrogen cair
Bentuk : Tangki silinder
Bahan : Carbon steel, SA-283 Grade C
Jumlah : 1 unit
Lama Penyimpanan : 30 hari
Kondisi Operasi :
- Temperatur (T) = 75.15 K = -198.00 °C
- Tekanan (P) = 1 atm

D-875
Tujuan : 1. Menentukan tipe tangki
2. Menentukan bahan konstruksi tangki
3. Menghitung dimensi utama tangki, meliputi :
a. Menentukan volume, diameter dan tinggi tangki
b. Menghitung tebal tangki
c. Menghitung kebutuhan penyangga tangki
Langkah Perencanaan :
a. Menentukan Tipe Tangki
Dalam perancangan dipilih tangki silinder tegak dengan tutup atas dan bawah berupa
tutup berbentuk torispherical dished head dengan pertimbangan :
* Konstruksi lebih murah sehingga lebih ekonomis
* Bahan yang disimpan tidak mudah menguap
b. Menentukan Bahan Konstruksi Tangki
Bahan konstuksi adalah carbon steel, SA-283 Grade C dengan pertimbangan :
* Memiliki allowable stress yang cukup besar
* Harganya relative murah
* Kondisi penyimpanan pada tekanan atmosferik
* Bahan relative tahan terhadap korosi

D-876
c. Menghitung Kapasitas Tangki
1. Menghitung Massa Pendingin Nitrogen
Massa Pendingin Nitrogen = #REF! kg/jam
Diambil waktu penyimpanan 3 hari dengan pertimbangan pembelian nitrogen setiap
3 hari sekali, sehingga kapasitas yang disimpan yaitu :
N₂ = #REF! kg/jam . 24 jam/hari . 3 hari
= #REF! kg
2. Menghitung Volume Nitrogen yang Masuk ke Dalam Tangki
ρ N₂ = 694.4310648 kg/m³
massa
V =
ρ
#REF! kg
=
694.4311 kg/m³
= #REF! m³
dengan faktor keamanan 20% maka volume bahan baku menjadi:
= 1.2 x #REF! m3 = #REF! m3
= #REF! ft3
= #REF! barrel
d. Menghitung Dimensi Tangki
* Diameter Tangki
Asumsi :
D-877
D = 2/5 H
π D² H
V =
4
3,14 . 5 D³
V =
8
15.7 D³
#REF! =
8
D³ = #REF!
3
D = #REF!
D = #REF! m
= #REF! ft
H = #REF! ft
Dari appendix E item 1, Brownell & Young, halaman 346, ukuran tangki standar yang
mendekati hasil perhitungan adalah :
D = 15 ft
H = 36 ft
V = 1130 bbl
Karena volume tangki yang dibutuhkan lebih rendah dari volume tangki standar, maka
memenuhi syarat.
#Menentukan tinggi cairan
karena bagian tutup bawah berupa plate, tinggi larutan dapat dihitung:
VLARUTAN DALAM TANGKI = (π/4) x ID2 x H CAIRAN DALAM SHELL
D-878
#REF! = 176.625 x H CAIRAN DALAM SHELL
H CAIRAN DALAM SHELL = #REF! ft
* Menghitung Tebal Tangki
Direncanakan menggunakan shell plate komersial Carbon steel SA-283 Grade C,
spesifikasi sebagai berikut :
f = stress yang diijinkan, 12650 lb/in2 (tabel 13.1 Brownell & Young)
E = efisiensi pengelasan (tabel 13.2 Brownell & Young)
= 0,8, untuk double-weided butt-joint construction
c = factor korosi, 0,125 in
Tebal dinding dihitung dengan persamaan :
t = pd (Persamaan 3.16, Brownell, hal. 45)

c
2 f  E
Tekanan dalam dinding dengan persamaan :
L  H  1 (Persamaan 3.17, Brownell, hal. 46)

p=
144
Dimana :
t = tebal dinding, in
p = tekanan dalam tangki, lb/in2
d = diameter dalam, in
c = factor korosi, in
f = tekanan maksimum yang diijinkan, lb/in2

D-879
E = efisiensi pengelasan
H = tinggi dari dasar course ke puncak, ft
ρL = densitas cairan, lb/ft
Gabungan dari dua persamaan tersebut menghasilkan :
t = L  H  1  12 D
c
144  2  f  E
43.3533 (H-1) 12D

t =
288 12650 0.8
t = 0.00017849691772 (H-1) D + 0.125
Untuk D = 15 ft dan H = 36 ft, digunakan plate dengan lebar 6 ft, sehingga ada 6 plate
vertikal, tebal sambungan yang diizinkan 3/16
6
5
4
3
2
1
Keterangan H(ft) t(in) t(in) L(ft)
plat 1 36 0.2187 0.3750 3.91755
plat 2 30 0.2026 0.3750 3.91755
plat 3 24 0.1866 0.1875 3.91346

D-880
plat 4 18 0.1705 0.1875 3.91346
plat 5 12 0.1545 0.1875 3.91346
plat 6 6 0.1384 0.1875 3.91346
* Menghitung Tebal Head
◊ Head puncak
Head yang digunakan adalah head dengan jenis torispherical
dengan bahan yang digunakan adalah Carbon Steel.
P x ri x W
th = + C
2 . f . E - 0,2 . P
OD = ID + 2 ts
= #REF! 39.37008 + 2 6/16
= #REF! in
= 180 - 2 6/16
= 179.3 in = 4.553 m
tebal 3/8 diperoleh : ( hal.90)

D-881
icr = 11
r = 170
r 0.5
W = 1/4 3 +
icr
170 0.5
= 1/4 3 +
11
= 1.732807 in
sehingga :
14.7 x 170 x 1.732807

th =
2 12650 0.8 - 0.2 14.7
= 0.213978 in
◊ Head dasar
Head yang digunakan adalah head jenis torispherical
dengan carbon steel.
P x ri x W
th = + C
2 . f . E - 0,2 . P
D-882
OD = ID + 2 ts
= #REF! 39 + 2 1/3 = #REF! in
= 180 - 2 5/16
= 179.375 in
= 4.556 m
tebal 5/16 diperoleh :
icr = 11
r = 170
r 0.5
W = 1/4 3 +
icr
= 170 0.5
1/4 3 +
11
= 1.732807 in
sehingga :
14.7 x 170 x 1.73

th =
2 12650 0.8 - 0.2 14.7
= 0.213978 in

D-883
* Menghitung Tinggi Total Tangki
*) Tinggi Head Puncak
ID = 14.9 ft = 179.3 in
r = 89.625 in
dari Tabel 5.6 Brownell and Young hal.88 diperoleh :
th = 5/16 diambil
sf = 1 1/2 - 3 , diambil 2 (Tabel 5.4 Brownell )
Icr = 15/16 (Tabel 5.5 Brownell )
AB = ID - icr
AB = 179.25 - 15/16 = 88.6875 in
BC = rc - icr
= 170 - 15/16
= 169.0625
b = rc - BC 2 - AB 2 0.5
= 170 - 169.063 2 - 88.688 2 0.5
= 26.06718 in = 0.662106 m
OA = th + b + sf
D-884
= 5/16 + 26.06718 + 2
= 28.380 in = 0.720844 m
*) Tinggi Head Dasar
ID = 14.9375 ft = 179.25 in
r = 89.625 in
dari Tabel 5.8, Brownell & Young, hal.88 diperoleh :
th = 5/16
sf = 1 1/2 - 3 diambil 2
icr = 15/16
ID
AB = - icr
2
179.25
= - 15/16 = 88.688 in
2
BC = rc - icr
= 170 - 15/16
= 169.0625 in
b = rc - BC 2 - AB 2 0.5
= 170 - 169.063 2 - 88.688 2 0.5
= 26.06718 in = 0.662106 m
D-885
OA = th + b + sf
= 5/16 + 26.06718 + 2
= 28.38 in = 0.720844 m
Jadi tinggi total tangki nitrogen adalah :
10.97 + 0.720844 x 2 = 12.41449 m
2. POMPA NITROGEN CAIR (L-271)
Konstruks : Commersial steel
Fungsi : Mengalirkan Nitrogen cair ke Condensor pada Menara Distilasi
Massa masuk (m) = #REF! lb/jam = #REF! kg/jam

D-886
T nitrogen masuk pada = -198.0 o

C
Densitas (ρ) = 694.431 kg/m3 = 43.3325 lb/ft3 (Perry, 8th ed.,)
Viskositas (µ) = 0.0899 cP = 6E-05 lb/ft.s (Coulson, 6th ed.,)
m
Rate volumetrik (Qf) = = #REF! ft3/jam
ρ
= #REF! ft3/s
Di opt = 3,9 × Qf 0,45 × ρ 0,13
= #REF! in
» 1 1/4 in
= 0.1041 ft
ID = 1.380 in = 0.1150 ft
A = 0.0104 ft2
Qf
Kecepatan linier =
A
= #REF! ft/s
ρ.v.D
NRe = = #REF! > 2100 (asumsi benar)
µ
Head Losses (HF)

D-887
v2
hc  kc
A1 A2
(A1 >>A2) ,dimana: A1 = 0.0104 ft2

A2 = 0.0104 ft2
dimana : A2
Kc = 0.55 1 - = 0.0000

lbf.ft
hc = #REF!
lbm
A1 A2
(A2 >>A1),dimana : A1≈ 0.0104 ft2
A2 = 0 ft2
2
v2  A  v2 
hex  kex  1 1   
 c 
lbf.ft
= #REF!
lbm
V2
hf = Kf x
D-888
hf = Kf x
Elbow, 90o → kf = 0.75
= 38 m
= 38 m
maka :
2 elbow 90o = 2 . kf = 1.5
2 valve = 2 . kf = 0.34
9 coupling = 9 . kf = 0.36
Total kf = 2.2
sehingga :
V2 lbf.ft
hf = Kf x = #REF!
2.gc lbm

hf =
2 x D x gc

D-889
Asumsi :
= 38 m
= 38 m
Bahan pipa = Commersial steel
maka :
2 elbow 90o = 2 . D . L/D = 8.0500 ft
2 valve = 2 . D . L/D = 2.0700 ft
9 coupling = 9 . D . L/D = 2.0700 ft
∑ L = L + Le
= 137.1900 ft
= 41.8155 m
Untuk commersial steel ® = 4.6E-05 m
= 1.5E-04 ft

D
= 0.00145
Dengan Nre = #REF! maka diperoleh :
f = 0.0055
sehingga :
4 x f x V2 x ∑L
hf =
2 x D x gc
D-890
lbf.ft
= #REF!
lbm
lbf.ft
= #REF!
lbm
ΔV2 g ΔP
-Ws = + Δz + + ∑F
2 x α x gc gc P
Asumsi :
P1 = P 2 = 14,7 psi, sehingga ∆P = 0
∆z = 100 ft
maka :
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = #REF!
lbm
m(-Wf)
BHP =
dimana :
m = #REF! lb/s
lbf.ft
(-Ws) = #REF!
lbm
#REF! HP
BHP =
D-891
BHP =
ηp

Qf = #REF! ft3/s = #REF! gpm
maka ηp = 20%
sehingga :
#REF!
BHP = HP = #REF! HP
20%
Untuk BHP = #REF! diperolehηm = 80%
BHP #REF!
WHP = =
ηm 80%
WHP = #REF! HP

D-892
D.4 UNIT PENYEDIA LISTRIK
a. Menghitung Kebutuhan Tenaga Listrik
>> Kebutuhan Tenaga Listrik Unit Utilitas
No. Nama Alat dan KodeAlat Jumlah Daya (HP)Total (HP)
1. Pompa Raw Water 1 22 22
2. Pompa ke Clarifer 1 1 1
3. Power Pengaduk Clarifier 1 2 2
4. Pompa Sand Filter 1 1 1
5. Pompa Hydrant Fire 1 1 1
6. Pompa Clorinator 1 1 1
7. Pompa Air Sanitasi 1 2 2
8. Pompa Kation Exchanger 1 1 1
9. Pompa Anion Exchanger 1 1 1
10. Pompa Demineral Water 1 1 1
11. Pompa Deaerator 1 1 1
12. Pompa Reservoir-3 1 2 2
13. Pompa ke Unit Pendingin 1 2 2
14. Pompa Cooling Tower 1 2 2
15. Power Blower Cooling Tower 1 24 24
16. Pompa Sirkulasi Cooling Wate 1 7 7
17. Pompa Air Umpan Boiler 1 1 1
18. Pompa Nitrogen Cair 1 1 1
Total 73
D-893
Total kebutuhan listrik untuk unit utilitas adalah :
= 73 HP x 745 watt/HP
= 54385 watt
= 54.39 kW
>> Kebutuhan Tenaga Listrik Unit Proses
No. Nama Alat dan KodeAlat Jumlah Daya (HP)
1. Mixer 1 4
2. Pompa Etanol 1 1
3. Pompa Vaporizer 1 1
4. Compressor 1 4
5. Pompa Condensor 1 30
6. Pompa Reboiler 1 1
Total 6 41
Total kebutuhan listrik untuk unit proses adalah :
= 30545 watt
= 30.545 kW
>> Kebutuhan Listrik untuk Kepentingan Lain
Kebutuhan listrik untuk penerangan, laboratorium, kantor, bengkel, instrumen
lainnya diperkirakan sebesar 50% dari total kebutuhan listrik untuk alat proses
D-894
dan utilitas, yaitu :
= 0.5 (tenaga listrik utilitas + tenaga listrik proses)
= 0.5 ( 54.39 + 30.545 )
= 42.47 kW
Jadi total kebutuhan listrik :
Unit Utilitas = 54.39 kW
Unit Proses = 30.55 kW
Kepentingan Lain = 42.47 kW
Total = 127.40 kW
b. Uraian Unit Penyedia Listrik
Nama alat : Generator
Kode : P-250
Fungsi : Untuk menghasilkan listrik
Generator disediakan hanya untuk menyuplai kebutuhan listrik proses dan utilitas
apabila terjadi gangguan listrik dari PLN. Diketahui power faktor untuk generator
penggerak mesin diesel sebesar 0,85. Maka power generator yang dibutuhkan :
total kebutuhan listrik proses + utilitas + penerangan dan lainnya

=
power faktor
30.5450 + 54.3850 + 42.4650

=
0.85
= 149.8765 kW
D-895
Digunakan generator dengan daya terpasang 149.8765 kW
= 1.7633 kV = 2.3628 HP
Spesifikasi Generator
Kode alat : P-250
Jenis : AC generator
Power : 2.3628 HP = 1.7633 kV
Tegangan : 220/380 volt
Power faktor : 0.85
Jumlah : 1 buah
Kebutuhan bahan bakar generator
Bahan bakar yang digunakan adalah diesel oil dengan heating value
Hv = 19525 Btu/lb
ρbahan bakar = 54.9384 lb/ft3 = 880.0582 kg/m3
Jumlah bahan bakar yang digunakan :
149.8765 kW x 1000 W/kW

=
19525 Btu/lb 0.239 Wh/Btu 54.9384 lb/ft3
= 0.5846 ft3/h
= 16.5544 liter/h
Diperkirakan total gangguan listrik dari PLN dalam selama 1 tahun produksi
sebanyak 4 minggu atau 672 jam.
Bahan bakar untuk kebutuhan generator :

D-896
= 672 jam x 16.5544
= 11124.577 Liter/tahun
= 1.4046 Liter/jam
= 1.2361 kg/jam
D.5 UNIT PENYEDIA BAHAN BAKAR
Fungsi : Menampung bahan bakar untuk boiler dan bahan bakar cadangan
generator
Tipe : Silinder vertikal.
Volume tangki, Vt
Dari perhitungan unit penyediaan steam (boiler) dan unit penyediaan listrik
(cadangan generator) diketahui laju alir volumetrik bahan bakar :
Q = #NAME? + 1.4046
= #NAME? liter/jam
Volume bahan bakar untuk 1 bulan persediaan :
V = #NAME? x 720 jam
= #NAME? L
= #NAME? m3
Tangki dirancang dengan ketentuan :
a. Digunakan 1 tangki berisi bahan bakar sebanyak #NAME? m3
b. 90 % dari volume tangki terisi bahan bakar.

D-897
c. Perbandingan tinggi (H) = 1,5 Diameter tangki; H = 1,5 D
Maka volume tangki :
#NAME?
Vt =
0.9
= #NAME? m3
= ### ft3
Dimensi Tangki
Volume tangki = Volume silinder + Volume tutup
Volume silinderVs = 1/4 π D2 H (H = 0.5 D)
= 0.3925 D3
Volume tutup; Vh = 4.9E-05 D3 (dalam satuan in)
= 0.08467 D3 (dalam satuan m)
maka, Vt = 0.3925 D3 + 0.08467 D3
= 0.47717 D3
Diameter tangki
Vt 1/3
D =
0.47717
#NAME? 1/3
=
0.47717
= ### m = ### ft
D-898
Tinggi silinder ;
H = 0,5 D
= ### m = ### ft
D.6 UNIT PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH
Nama : Bak Aerasi
Fungsi :Menampung dan mengolah air limbah dari kegiatan proses dan
laboratorium dengan cara menambahkan O2 ke dalam air limbah sehingga
mengaktifkan mikroba yang dapat menguraikan limbah tersebut
Tipe : Bak empat persegi panjang
Konstruksi : Beton bertulang
Debit aliran = 27,552.7166 kg/jam
Waktu tinggal (3 hari) = 72 jam
Densitas cairan = #NAME? kg/m3
Volume air = ( Debit aliran / ρ air ) x Waktu tinggal
= ### m3
Over design 20%
Volume bak = 1,2 x Volume air
= ### m3
Jika perbandingan P : L = 2 : 1 dan ditetapkan T = 2,5 m, maka :

D-899
Volume bak = P x L x T
= 2L x L x 2,5
= 5L2
L= ### m
Lebar bak = ### m
Panjang bak = 2 x L = ### m
ebal diambil = 12 cm
Effisiensi = 95%
D Effluent = 25.35 mg/L
Desain Aerator
Tipe aerator = surface aerator
Daya aerator = 10 HP
(untuk kedalaman air 2,634 m, tabel 10-11 Metcalf et.al, 1991)

D-900
DATA KEBUTUHAN
1. Kebutuhan Steam Untuk Pemanas
Nama Alat dan Jumlah Steam

No.
Kode Alat (lb/jam)
1 Vaporizer 5955.4869
2 Heater 30611.9812
3 Reaktor #NAME?
4 Reboiler #REF!
Total #NAME?
Untuk memperhitungkan faktor keamanan dan kebocoran, maka direncanakan
steam yang dihasilkan 20% lebih besar dari kebutuhan normal. Jadi jumlah
steam yang harus dihasilkan boiler sebesar :
= 1.2 x #NAME? lb/jam
= #NAME? lb/jam
Diasumsikan 60% kondensat steam dapat digunakan kembali, sehingga :

Yg udh dikali 1,2
Sirkulasi kondensat = 60% . #NAME?
= #NAME? lb/jam
D-901
Air umpan boiler yang harus ditambahkan (make-up water) :
= #NAME? - #NAME?
= #NAME? lb/jam
2. Kebutuhan Air Pendingin Peralatan Proses
Jumlah Air
Nama Alat dan
No. Pendingin
KodeAlat
(lb/jam)
1 Cooler 492210.77609
2 Condensor 66063.088478
Total 558273.8646
Untuk menghemat pemakaian air, air bekas pendingin dari peralatan pendingin
perlu disirkulasi. Dengan asumsi, terjadi kehilangan 10 % dari total air sebelum
disirkulasi.
90
Air yang disirkulasi = x 558273.86457
100
= 502446.478 lb/jam
Air yang harus ditambahkan (make-up water) :
= 558273.86457 - 502446.478
= 55827.38646 lb/jam
D-902
4. Kebutuhan Tenaga Listrik
a. Kebutuhan Tenaga Listrik Unit Proses
No. Nama Alat dan KodeAlat Jumlah Daya (HP)
1 Mixer 1 4
2 Pompa Etanol 1 1
3 Pompa Vaporizer 1 1
4 Compressor 1 4
5 Pompa Condensor 1 30
6 Pompa Reboiler 1 1
Total 6 41
Total kebutuhan listrik untuk unit proses adalah :
= 30545 watt
= 30.545 kWatt
b. Kebutuhan Tenaga Listrik Unit Utilitas
No. Nama Alat dan KodeAlat Jumlah Daya (HP)Total (HP)
1. Pompa Raw Water 1 22 22
2. Pompa ke Clarifer 1 1 1
3. Power Pengaduk Clarifier 1 2 2
4. Pompa Sand Filter 1 1 1
5. Pompa Hydrant Fire 1 1 1

D-903
6. Pompa Clorinator 1 1 1
7. Pompa Air Sanitasi 1 2 2
8. Pompa Kation Exchanger 1 1 1
9. Pompa Anion Exchanger 1 1 1
10. Pompa Demineral Water 1 1 1
11. Pompa Deaerator 1 1 1
12. Pompa Reservoir-3 1 2 2
13. Pompa ke Unit Pendingin 1 2 2
14. Pompa Cooling Tower 1 2 2
15. Power Blower Cooling Tower 1 24 24
16. Pompa Sirkulasi Cooling Water 1 7 7
17. Pompa Air Umpan Boiler 1 1 1
Total 72
Total kebutuhan listrik untuk unit utilitas adalah :
= 1 HP 745 watt/HP
= 745 watt
= 0.7450 kW
Kebutuhan listrik untuk penerangan, laboratorium, kantor, bengkel, instrumen
lainnya diperkirakan sebesar 50% dari total kebutuhan listrik untuk alat proses
dan utilitas, yaitu :
= 0.5 (tenaga listrik proses + tenaga listrik utlitas)
= 0,5 ( 30.545 + 0.745 )

D-904
= 15.6450 kW
Jadi total kebutuhan listrik :
Unit Proses = 30.5450 kW
Unit Utilitas = 0.7450 kW
Penerangan dan lainnya = 15.6450 kW
Total = 46.9350 kW
D-905
D-906
c
D-907
2
D-908
D-909
D-910
D-911
D-912
D-913
D-914
D-915
(tabel 5.8 hal. 93 Brownell)

D-916
p atas dan bawah berupa

D-917
n pembelian nitrogen setiap

D-918
kuran tangki standar yang
ume tangki standar, maka

D-919
D-920
D-921
listrik proses dan utilitas
r faktor untuk generator

D-922
D-923
Yg udh dikali 1,2

E-924
LAMPIRAN E
EVALUASI EKONOMI
Metode Penaksiran Harga
Harga peralatan berubah menurut waktu resmi sesuai kondisi ekonomi dunia.
Untuk memperkirakan harga peralatan saat ini, digunakan indeks persamaan berikut :
Ip
Cp = x Co
Io , dengan :
Cp = harga alat pada tahun 2015 Ip = cost indeks pada tahun 2015
Co = harga alat pada tahun data Io = cost indeks pada tahun data
Perhitungan peralatan didasarkan pada Peters Timmerhaus, "Plant Design &
Economic for Chemical Engineering".Sedangkan cost indeks berdasarkan Marshall
and Swift (All Industry), Chemical Engineering, Agustu2008, tabel D-1.
Tabel D.1. Indeks Harga Peralatan
Tahun Indeks
2000 1089
2001 1093.9
2002 1104.2
2003 1123.6
2004 1178.5
2005 1244.5
2006 1302.3
2007 1373.3
2008 1449.3
E-925
2009 1468.6
2010 1481.6
1600
1400 f(x) = 46.5481818181814 x − 92064.6681818174
1200
Indeks
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Tahun
Dari data di atas diperoleh grafik dengan persamaan:
y = 46.54 x - 92065
Persamaan yang digunakan untuk menentukan harga peralatan pada tahun
ke - x adalah sebagai berikut :
Ip
Cp,v = x Co,v
Ir
Dimana : Cp,v = taksiran harga alat pada tahun 2015
Co,v = taksiran harga alat pada tahun data dengan kapasitas v
Ip = cost indeks harga alat pada tahun 2015
Ir = cost indeks harga alat pada tahun data
Jika alat dibeli pada tahun 2015, maka:

E-926
untuk x = 2015
y = 1713.1 ( cost index pada tahun 2015)
E.1 MODAL TETAP (Fixed Capital Investment)
1. Harga Peralatan Proses
Harga alat ditentukan berdasarkan indeks yang ada pada tahun tertentu, dengan
menggunakan persamaan berikut:

Nx
Ex = Ey . (Aries & Newton, hal. 15)
Ny
dimana:
Ex = Harga alat pada tahun x
Ey = Harga alat pada tahun y
Nx = Indeks pada tahun x
Ny = Indeks pada tahun y
Data harga alat diperoleh dari Aris, Loh dan matche.com
Tabel E.2 Data harga alat 2015
No Kode Nama Alat Jumlah Harga 2015 ($)
1 F-110 Tangki Etanol 1 39,917.8621
2 L-111 Pompa Etanol 1 311.8583
3 M-120 Mixer 1 99,794.6552
4 L-121 Pompa Vaporizer 1 311.8583
5 V-130 Vaporizer 1 3,617.5563
6 H-140 Separator 1 8,732.0323

E-927
7 E-141 Heater 1 4,989.7328
8 R-210 Reaktor 1 424,127.2846
9 E-211 Cooler 1 4,366.0162
10 E-212 Condensor 1 4,989.7328
11 G-213 Compressor 1 1,496.9198
12 D-310 Menara Distilasi 1 386,704.2889
13 E-311 Condensor 1 4,989.7328
14 F-312 Accumulator 1 3,867.0429
15 L-313 Pompa Accumulator 1 311.8583
16 V-314 Reboiler 1 4,490.7595
17 L-315 Pompa reboiler 1 311.8583
18 F-320 Tangki Produk Etilen 1 51,144.7608
Jumlah 1,044,475.8101
Sehingga total harga peralatan proses = US $ 1,044,475.8101
Nilai kurs US $ pada 6 Januari 2012 :
$1 = Rp9,206.00
Tabel E.3 Total Purchased Equipment Cost (PEC)
Purchased Equipment Cost Biaya ($)
Harga Alat / Equipment Cost (EC) 1,044,475.8101
Biaya Pengangkutan sampai pelabuhan (15% EC 156,671.3715
Asuransi Pengangkutan (1% EC) 10,444.7581
Provisi Bank (0,2-0,5% EC, diambil 0,2 % EC) 2,088.9516
EMKL (Ekspedisi Muatan Kapal Laut) (1 % EC) 10,444.7581

E-928
Pajak Bea Masuk Barang (20 % EC) 208,895.1620
Total 1,433,020.8114
2. Instalasi (Aris & Newton, hal. 77)
Biaya instalasi besarnya 43% dari PEC, terdiri dari:
Material = 11% PEC = US $ 157,632.2893
Labor = 32% PEC = US $ 458,566.6597
Total = US $ 616,198.9489
3. Pemipaan (Aris & Newton, hal. 78)
Biaya pemipaan untuk sistem solid-fluid adalah 36% dari PEC, terdiri dari:
Material = 21% PEC = US $ 300,934.3704
Labor = 15% PEC = US $ 214,953.1217
Total = US $ 515,887.4921
4. Instrumentasi (Aris & Newton, hal. 97)
Biaya instrumentasi besarnya 30% dari PEC, terdiri dari:
Material = 24% PEC = US $ 343,924.9947
Labor = 6% PEC = US $ 85,981.2487
Total = US $ 429,906.2434
5. Insulasi (Aris & Newton, hal. 98)
Biaya insulasi besarnya 8% dari PEC, terdiri dari:
Material = 3% PEC = US $ 42,990.6243
Labor = 5% PEC = US $ 71,651.0406
Total = US $ 114,641.6649
E-929
6. Listrik (Aris & Newton, hal. 102)
Besarnya 10-15% PEC, diambil 10%.
Biaya instalas = 10% PEC = US $ 143,302.0811
7. Tanah dan Bangunan
Tabel E.4 Nama dan luas bangunan
Ukuran Luas Total

No. Nama Bangunan Jumlah
(m) (m2) (m2)
1 Kantor 15 x 10 150 1 150
2 Poliklinik 6 x 6 36 1 36
3 Perpustakaan&Aula 10 x 10 100 1 100

4 Tempat ibadah 15 x 15 225 1 225
5 Kantin & koperasi 8 x 8 64 1 64
6 Pos keamanan 4 x 4 16 2 32
7 Parkir 20 x 20 400 2 800
8 PMK 5 x 5 25 1 25
9 Laboratorium 6 x 6 36 1 36
10 Bengkel 8 x 8 64 1 64
11 Daerah proses 90 x 30 2700 1 2700
12 Utilitas 40 x 30 1200 1 1200
13 Mess 8 x 6 48 52 2496
E-930
14 Ruang control 9 x 8 72 1 72
15 Jalan & taman 4000 1 4000
16 Daerah perluasan 4000 1 4000
Total 16000
Luas tanah = 16000 m2
Luas bangunan biasa = 529 m2
Luas bangunan bertingkat = 2771 m2
Harga tanah = Rp 300,000.00 per m2

Harga bangunan biasa = Rp 1,000,000.00 per m2
Harga bangunan bertingkat = Rp 2,000,000.00 per m2
Total harga tanah = Rp 4,800,000,000.00
Total harga bangunan biasa = Rp 529,000,000.00
Total harga bangunan bertingka= Rp 5,542,000,000.00
Harga tanah dan bangunan = Rp 10,871,000,000.00
Dalam US $ = US $ 1,180,860.3085
8. Utilitas
a. Harga alat di negara pembuat
Tabel E.5 Harga peralatan utilitas yang dibuat di negara pembuat
1 L-111 Pompa Raw Water 1 249.4866
2 L-112 Pompa clarifier 1 249.4866
3 F-120 Clarifier 1 8,732.0323
4 L-122 Pompa sand filter 1 249.4866

E-931
5 H-130 Sand filter 1 12,474.3319

6 L-141 Pompa hydrant fire 1 99.7947
7 L-142 Pompa clorinator 1 224.5380
8 L-144 Pompa air sanitasi 1 224.5380
9 L-145 Pompa kation exchanger 1 224.5380
10 KE-210 Katio exchanger 1 11,850.6153
11 L-211 Pompa anion exchanger 1 224.5380
12 AE-220 Anion exchanger 1 22,453.7974
13 L-221 Pompa demineral water 1 224.5380
14 L-223 Pompa deaerator 1 224.5380
15 L-224 Pompa reservoir-3 1 224.5380
16 L-226 Pompa ke unit pendingin 1 187.1150
17 L-227 Pompa cooling tower 1 187.1150
18 L-231 Pompa sirkulasi cooling water 1 149.6920
19 D-240 Deaerator 1 498.9733
20 L-242 Pompa air umpan boiler 1 124.7433
21 L-271 Pompa pendingin nitrogen 1 187.1150
Total 59,265.5509
Ongkos angkutan dan bea masuk = 20% harga alat
= US $ 11,853.1102
Instalasi (43%)
Material = 11% harga alat = US $ 6,519.2106
Labor = 32% harga alat = US $ 18,964.9763
Total = US $ 25,484.1869
Total harga = US $ 96,602.8479
b. Harga alat termasuk pemasangan
Tabel E.6 Harga alat termasuk pemasangan

E-932
1 Q-260 Boiler 1 249,486.6380
2 P-230 Cooling tower 1 399,178.6208
3 P-250 Generator 1 112,393.7304
4 F-270 Tangki pendingin nitrogen 1 14,969.1983

Total 776,028.1876
c. Harga alat dibuat ditempat

Tabel E.7 Harga alat dibuat ditempat
No Kode Nama Alat Jumlah Harga 2015 (Rp)
1 F-110 Bak pengendap 1 #NAME?
2 F-121 Reservoir-1 1 #NAME?
3 F-140 Reservoir-2 1 #NAME?
4 F-143 Clorinator 1 106,059.9489

5 F-222 Softening water tank 1 #NAME?
6 F-225 Reservoir-3 1 14,135,634.4767
Total #NAME?
Dalam US $ = US $ #NAME?
Total harga utilitas = US $ #NAME?
9. Physical Plant Cost (PPC)
Tabel E.8 Total biaya Physical Plant Cost
Biaya
Physical Plant Cost (PPC)
US $ Rp
PEC 1,433,020.8114 13,192,389,590.1799
Instalasi 616,198.9489 5,672,727,523.7774
Pemipaan 515,887.4921 4,749,260,252.4648
Instrumentasi 429,906.2434 3,957,716,877.0540

E-933
Insulasi 114,641.6649 1,055,391,167.2144
Listrik 143,302.0811 1,319,238,959.0180
Tanah dan bangunan 1,180,860.3085 10,871,000,000.0000
Utilitas #NAME? #NAME?
Total #NAME? #NAME?
10. Engineering and Construction (Aris & Newton, hal. 4)
20% PPC = US $ #NAME?
11. Direct Plant Cost (DPC)
DPC = PPC + Engineering and Construction
= US $ #NAME? + #NAME?
= US $ #NAME?
12. Contractor's Fee (Aris & Newton, hal. 4)
Besarnya 4-10% dari DPC, diambi 4%
4% DPC = US $ #NAME?
13. Contingency (Aris & Newton, hal. 4)
25% DPC = US $ #NAME? maka,
Fixed Capital Investment
Tabel E.9 Total modal tetap
Biaya
Fixed Capital Investment
US $ Rp
DPC #NAME? #NAME?
Contractor's fee #NAME? #NAME?
Contingency #NAME? #NAME?
Total #NAME? #NAME?

E-934
E.2 PENJUALAN PRODUK (Sales Price)
Kapasitas per tahun = 20000 ton
Harga satuan = US $ 1,700.00 per ton
Harga penjualan per tahun = US $ 34,000,000.0000
= Rp 313,004,000,000.00
E.3 BIAYA PRODUKSI PER TAHUN (Manufacturing Cost)
Pabrik ini beroperasi selama 24 jam dan 330 hari dalam setahun
1. Biaya Produksi Langsung (Direct Manufacturing Cost)
a. Bahan baku
Tabel E.10 Biaya bahan baku
No. Komponen Kebutuhan Kebutuhan Harga ($) Harga/tahun ($)
1 Katalis (kg) 54472.2600 54.4723 420 22,878.349
2 Etanol (kg) 647765911.9 647765.9119 460.194 298,098,016.751
3 Nitrogen (Lt) #REF! #REF! 434.4992 #REF!
Total #REF!
b. Gaji karyawan
Untuk kebutuhan operator tiap alat ditentukan berdasarkan Tabel 6-2 Ulrich
dan Tabel 35 Aries&Newton.
Tabel E.11 Keperluan pekerja untuk alat proses dan utilitas
Operator
Alat Jumlah Shift
unit.shift
Proses
E-935
Mixer 1 0.3 0.3
Vaporizer 1 0.05 0.05
Separator 1 0.2 0.2
Heater 1 0.1 0.1
Reactor 1 0.5 0.5
Cooler 1 0.1 0.1
Condensor 1 0.1 0.1
Menara distilasi 1 1 1
Utilitas
Boiler 1 1 1
Cooling tower 1 1 1
Generator 1 0.5 0.5
Wastewater treatment plant 1 2 2
Jumlah 6.85
Jumlah operator/shift = 7 orang/shift
Jumlah shift = 4 shift
Jumlah operator = 28 orang
Tabel E.12 Gaji karyawan
Jumlah Gaji Jumlah Gaji

Jabatan
orang ( Rp / orang ) ( Rp )
Dewan Komisaris 1 25,000,000 25,000,000
Direktur Utama 1 20,000,000 20,000,000
Sekretaris 2 2,500,000 5,000,000

E-936
Direktur Teknik & Produksi 1 15,000,000 15,000,000
Direktur Keuangan & Umum 1 15,000,000 15,000,000
Staff Ahli 1 5,000,000 5,000,000
Kepala Bagian
Kabag Produksi 1 10,000,000 10,000,000
Kabag Teknik 1 10,000,000 10,000,000
Kabag K3 1 10,000,000 10,000,000

Kabag Pemasaran 1 10,000,000 10,000,000
Kabag Keuangan 1 10,000,000 10,000,000
Kabag Umum 1 10,000,000 10,000,000
Kepala Seksi
Kasie Proses 1 6,000,000 6,000,000
Kasie Pengendalian 1 6,000,000 6,000,000
Kasie Laboratorium 1 6,000,000 6,000,000
Kasie Pemeliharaan 1 6,000,000 6,000,000
Kasie Instrumentasi & Elektronika 1 6,000,000 6,000,000
Kasie Utilitas 1 6,000,000 6,000,000
Kasie Penjualan 1 6,000,000 6,000,000
Kasie Pembelian 1 6,000,000 6,000,000
Kasie Keuangan & Akuntansi 1 6,000,000 6,000,000
Kasie Pemadam Kebakaran & K3 1 6,000,000 6,000,000
Kasie Personalia 1 6,000,000 6,000,000
Kasie Humas 1 6,000,000 6,000,000
Kasie Keamanan 1 6,000,000 6,000,000
Kasie Administrasi 1 6,000,000 6,000,000
Kepala Regu
E-937
Kepala Regu Proses 4 3,500,000 14,000,000

Kepala Regu Laboratorium 1 3,500,000 3,500,000
Kepala Regu Utilitas 1 3,500,000 3,500,000
Kepala Regu Pemeliharaan 1 3,500,000 3,500,000
Karyawan
Karyawan Proses & Utilitas 23 2,500,000 57,500,000
Karyawan Pengendalian 4 2,500,000 10,000,000
Karyawan Laboratorium 3 2,500,000 7,500,000
Karyawan Pemeliharaan 2 2,500,000 5,000,000
Karyawan Pembelian 2 2,300,000 4,600,000
Karyawan Keuangan & Akutansi 2 2,300,000 4,600,000
Karyawan Administrasi 2 2,300,000 4,600,000
Karyawan Personalia 2 2,300,000 4,600,000
Karyawan Humas 2 2,300,000 4,600,000
Karyawan K3 2 2,300,000 4,600,000
Karyawan Penjualan 2 2,300,000 4,600,000
Karyawan Keamanan 12 1,700,000 20,400,000
Sopir 4 1,400,000 5,600,000
Cleaning service 1 1,250,000 1,250,000
Tukang kebun 1 1,250,000 1,250,000
Dokter 1 4,000,000 4,000,000
Perawat 1 1,800,000 1,800,000
Jumlah 100 400,000,000
Total labor cost = Rp 400,000,000.00 per bulan
Total labor cost per tahun = Rp 4,800,000,000.00
E-938
c. Supervisor (Aris & Newton, hal. 163)

10% Labor cost = Rp 480,000,000.00
d. Maintenance (Aris & Newton, hal. 164)

Besarnya 8-10% dari FCI, diambil:
8% FCI = Rp #NAME?
e. Plant supplies (Aris & Newton, hal. 168)

15% Maintenance = Rp #NAME?
f. Royalties and patens (Aris & Newton, hal. 168)
Besarnya 1-5% dari sales price, diambil:
1% Sales price = US $ 340,000.0000
g. Utilitas
# Alumina
Kebutuhan = #NAME? kg/jam
= #NAME? ton/hari
= #NAME? ton/tahun
Harga = US $ 200 per ton
Biaya per tahun = US $ #NAME?
# HCl
Kebutuhan = #NAME? L/minggu

E-939
= #NAME? L/tahun
Harga = US $ 34.95 per liter
# NaOH
Kebutuhan = #NAME? kg/minggu
= #NAME? kg/tahun
Harga = US $ 120 per kg
# Kaporit (Cl2)
Kebutuhan = 0.0024 kg/jam
= 0.0001 ton/hari
= 0.0188 ton/tahun
Harga = US $ 980 per ton
Biaya per tahun = US $ 18.4338
# Solar
Kebutuhan = 1.4046 L/jam
= 33.7108 L/hari
= 11124.5765 L/tahun
Harga = Rp 7,000.00 per L
Biaya per tahun = Rp 77,872,035.5269
= US $ 8,458.8351
Total kebutuhan utilitas = US $ #NAME?

E-940
Sehingga,
Direct Manufacturing Cost (DMC)
Tabel E.13 Biaya produksi langsung
Biaya
Direct Manufacturing Cost
US $ Rp
Bahan baku #REF! #REF!
Gaji karyawan 521,399.0876 4,800,000,000.0000
Supervisor 52,139.9088 480,000,000.0000
Maintenance #NAME? #NAME?
Plant supplies #NAME? #NAME?
Royalties and patens 340,000.0000 3,130,040,000.0000
Utilitas #NAME? #NAME?
Total #REF! #REF!
2. Biaya Produksi Tak Langsung (Indirect Manufacturing Cost)
a. Payroll overhead (Aris & Newton, hal. 173)

Besarnya 15-20% dari gaji karyawan, diambil:
15% Gaji karyawan = US $ 78,209.8631
b. Laboratorium (Aris & Newton, hal. 174)

10% Gaji karyawan = US $ 52,139.9088
c. Plant overhead(Aris & Newton, hal. 174)

50% Gaji karyawan = US $ 260,699.5438
E-941
d. Packaging and shipping (Aris & Newton, hal. 177)
4% Sales price = US $ 1,360,000.0000
Sehingga,
Indirect Manufacturing Cost (IMC)
Tabel E.14 Biaya produksi tak langsung
Biaya
Indirect Manufacturing Cost
US $ Rp
Payroll overhead 78,209.8631 720,000,000.0000
Laboratorium 52,139.9088 480,000,000.0000
Plant overhead 260,699.5438 2,400,000,000.0000
Packaging and shipping 1,360,000.0000 12,520,160,000.0000
Total 1,751,049.3157 16,120,160,000.0000
3. Biaya Produksi Tetap (Fixed Manufacturing Cost)
a. Depresiasi (Aris & Newton, hal. 180)
8% FCI = US $ #NAME?
b. Property tax (Aris & Newton, hal. 181)
c. Asuransi (Aris & Newton, hal. 182)

E-942
Sehingga,
Fixed Manufacturing Cost (FMC)
Tabel E.15 Biaya produksi tetap
Biaya
Fixed Manufacturing Cost
US $ Rp
Depresiasi #NAME? #NAME?
Property tax #NAME? #NAME?
Asuransi #NAME? #NAME?
Total #NAME? #NAME?
maka,
Manufacturing Cost (MC)
Tabel E.16 Biaya produksi per tahun
Biaya
Manufacturing Cost
US $ Rp
DMC #REF! #REF!
IMC 1,751,049.3157 16,120,160,000.0000
FMC #NAME? #NAME?
Total #REF! #REF!
E.4 MODAL KERJA (Working Capital)
1. Kebutuhan Bahan Baku (Aris & Newton, hal. 12)
Biaya kebutuhan bahan baku selama 1 bulan (30 hari) adalah:

E-943
30
Biaya = x Biaya bahan baku selama setahun
330
= US $ #REF!
2. In-process Inventory (Aris & Newton, hal. 12)
0.5 MC = US $ #REF!
3. Product Inventory (Aris & Newton, hal. 12)
Lama penyimpanan produk 1 bulan (30 hari)
30
Biaya = x MC
330
= US $ #REF!
4. Extended Credit (Aris & Newton, hal. 12)
Cadangan kredit untuk pembeli selama 1 bulan
30
Biaya = x Sales price
330
= US $ 3,090,909.0909
5. Available Cash (Aris & Newton, hal. 13)
Untuk pembayaran gaji, service dan material
30
Biaya = x MC
330
= US $ #REF!
Sehingga,
Working Capital (WC)
Tabel E.17 Modal kerja
Biaya
Working Capital
US $ Rp
Kebutuhan bahan baku #REF! #REF!

E-944
In-process inventory #REF! #REF!
Product inventory #REF! #REF!
Extended credit 3,090,909.0909 28,454,909,090.9091
Available cash #REF! #REF!
Total #REF! #REF!
TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT (TCI)
TCI = FCI + WC
= US $ #NAME? + US $ #REF!
= US $ #NAME?
= Rp #NAME?
E.5 PENGELUARAN UMUM (General Expense)
1. Administrasi (Aris & Newton, hal. 185)
Besarnya 2-3% dari sales price atau 3-6% dari MC, diambil:
2% Sales price = US $ 680,000.0000
2. Sales expense (Aris & Newton, hal. 186)
Besarnya 3-12% dari sales price atau 5-22% dari MC, diambil:
3% Sales price = US $ 1,020,000.0000
3. Research (Aris & Newton, hal. 187)

Besarnya 2-4% dari sales price atau 3,5-8 dari MC, diambil:
2% Sales price = US $ 680,000.0000
4. Finance (Aris & Newton, hal. 187)

E-945

Sehingga,
General Expense (GE)
Tabel E.18 Pengeluaran umum
Biaya
General Expense
US $ Rp
Administrasi 680,000.0000 6,260,080,000.0000
Sales expense 1,020,000.0000 9,390,120,000.0000
Research 680,000.0000 6,260,080,000.0000
Finance #NAME? #NAME?
Total #NAME? #NAME?
maka,
TOTAL COST
Tabel E.19 Biaya produksi total
Biaya
Total Cost
US $ Rp
Manufacturing cost #REF! #REF!
General expense #NAME? #NAME?
Total #REF! #REF!

E-946
E.6 ANALISA KELAYAKAN
1. Keuntungan
Harga jual = Rp 313,004,000,000.0000
Total cost = Rp #REF! -
Keuntungan sebelum pajak = Rp #REF!
Pajak (25% Keuntungan) = Rp #REF! -

Keuntungan sesudah pajak = Rp #REF!
2. Percent Profit on Sales (POS)
a. Sebelum pajak
Pb
POS = (Aris&Newton, hal. 192)
S
dimana: Pb = Keuntungan sebelum pajak
S = Harga jual
sehingga,
Rp #REF!
POS =
Rp 313,004,000,000.0000
= #REF!
b. Sesudah pajak
Pa
POS = (Aris&Newton, hal. 192)
S
dimana: Pa = Keuntungan sesudah pajak
S = Harga jual
sehingga,
Rp #REF!
POS =
E-947
POS =
Rp 313,004,000,000.0000
= #REF!
3. Percent Return on Investment (ROI)
a. Sebelum pajak
Pb
ROI = (Aris&Newton, hal. 193)
FCI
dimana: Pb = Keuntungan sebelum pajak
FCI = Fixed capital investment
sehingga,
Rp #REF!
ROI =
Rp #NAME?
= #REF!
b. Sesudah pajak
Pa
ROI = (Aris&Newton, hal. 193)
FCI
dimana: Pa = Keuntungan sesudah pajak
FCI = Fixed capital investment
sehingga,
Rp #REF!
ROI =
Rp #NAME?
= #REF!
4. Pay Out Time (POT)
a. Sebelum pajak
E-948
FCI
POT = (Aris&Newton, hal. 195)
Pb + 0.1 FCI
#NAME?
=
Rp #REF! + Rp #NAME?
= #REF! tahun
b. Sesudah pajak
FCI
POT =
Pa + 0.1 FCI
#NAME?
=
Rp #REF! + Rp #NAME?
= #REF! tahun
5. Break Even Point (BEP)
a. Fixed cost (Fa)
Depresiasi = Rp #NAME?
Property tax = Rp #NAME?
Asuransi = Rp #NAME?
Total = Rp #NAME?
b. Variable cost (Va)
Bahan baku = Rp #REF!
Packaging and shipping = Rp 12,520,160,000.0000
Royalties and patents = Rp 3,130,040,000.0000
Utilitas = Rp #NAME?
Total = Rp #REF!
E-949
c. Regulated cost (Ra)
Gaji karyawan = Rp 4,800,000,000.0000
Overhead = Rp 3,120,000,000.0000
Supervisor = Rp 480,000,000.0000
Laboratorium = Rp 480,000,000.0000
General expense = Rp #NAME?
Maintenance = Rp #NAME?
Plant supplies = Rp #NAME?
Total = Rp #NAME?
Fa + 0.3 x Ra
BEP = (Aris&Newton, hal. 206)
S - Va - 0.7 x Ra
= #NAME? (BEP diantara 40-60%; memenuhi)
6. Shutdown Point (SDP)
0.3 x Ra
SDP = (Aris&Newton, hal. 207)
S - Va - 0.7 x Ra
= #NAME? (SDP diantara 20-30%; memenuhi)
ARUS KAS (CASH FLOW)
Dasar Perhitungan:
1. Modal
a. 70% merupakan modal sendiri
b. 30% merupakan kredit dari bank
2. Bunga bank = 12% per tahun

E-950
3. Pengembalian pinjaman dalam 10 tahun sebesar 10% tiap tahun.
4. Kapasitas Produksi
Tahun ke - I = 90%
Tahun ke - II = 95%
Tahun ke - III dan seterusnya = 100%
5. Pajak pendapatan = 25% (UU No. 36 Tahun 2008 Pasal 17 ayat 2a)
6. Umur pabrik diperkirakan 10 tahun dengan depresia 9% per tahun
7. Masa konstruksi 2 tahun
8. Pencairan uang pinjaman dari bank, dilakukan pada masa konstruksi,
dengan acuan:
a. Pada akhir tahun kedua masa konstruksi (tahun (-1)) dilakukan
pembayaran sebesar 25% dari modal pinjaman
b. Pada akhir masa konstruksi (tahun (0)) dibayarkan sisa modal pinjaman
9. Laju inflasi = 7%
Biaya produksi untuk 3 tahun pertama dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut:
Tabel E.20 Biaya produksi selama 3 tahun pertama
No. Kapasitas Biaya Operasi (Rp)
1 90% #REF!
2 95% #REF!
3 100% #REF!
Investasi
Kebutuhan investasi dipenuhi dengan cara modal sendiri dan modal

E-951
pinjaman dari bank, dengan ketentuan sebagai berikut:
Modal sendiri = Rp #NAME?
Modal pinjaman = Rp #NAME?
Modal sendiri dipergunakan untuk penyediaan modal tetap (fixed capital
investment) pada tahun pertama masa konstruksi (-2) dan sisanya untuk
memenuhi kebutuhan modal kerja.
Sedangkan untuk modal pinjaman di bank diperlukan untuk menambah
kekurangan modal kerja (working capital).
Adapun total investasi pada akhir masa konstruksi adalah sebagai berikut :
Tabel E.21 Modal pinjaman selama masa konstruksi
Tahun Modal Pinjaman

% Jumlah (Rp)
Konstruksi Jumlah (Rp) Bunga (12%)
-2 0% #NAME? 0 #NAME?
-1 25% #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
0 75% #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Modal pinjaman pada akhir masa konstruksi #NAME?
Untuk modal sendiri tidak akan terpengaruh karena modalnya habis pada
tahun pertama, sedangkan untuk modal pinjaman dari bank akan terpengaruh,
karena pembayaran pinjaman dilakukan setelah mulai berproduksi pada tahun
pertama, dan bunga bank tetap dihitung pada saat modal dicairkan.
Tabel E.22 Modal sendiri selama masa konstruksi
Tahun Modal Sendiri

% Jumlah (Rp)
Konstruksi Jumlah (Rp) Inflasi (7%)
E-952
-2 100% #NAME? 0 #NAME?
0 0% #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Modal pinjaman pada akhir masa konstruksi #NAME?
Net Present Value
Tabel E.22 Nilai sekarang arus KAS pada masing-masing tahun produksi
Tahun Suku Bunga (DF) Nilai Sekarang (PV)

Arus KAS (Rp)
ke-n 12% (Rp)
1 #NAME? 0.89285714285714 #NAME?
2 #NAME? 0.79719387755102 #NAME?
3 #NAME? 0.71178024781341 #NAME?
4 #NAME? 0.63551807840483 #NAME?
5 #NAME? 0.5674268557186 #NAME?
6 #NAME? 0.50663112117732 #NAME?
7 #NAME? 0.45234921533689 #NAME?
8 #NAME? 0.40388322797937 #NAME?
9 #NAME? 0.36061002498158 y
10 #NAME? 0.3219732365907 #NAME?
Total PV #NAME?
Nilai sekarang dari arus kas = Rp #NAME?
Investasi awal = Rp #NAME?
NPV = Rp #NAME?
Total PV
Ratio =
Investasi awal
E-953
Rp #NAME?
= = #NAME?
Rp #NAME?
Interest Rate of Return (IRR)
Interest rate of return berdasarkan discounted cash flow adalah suatu tingkat bunga
tertentu dimana seluruh penerimaan akan tepat menutup seluruh jumlah modal keluar.
Cara dilakukan dengan trial i, yaitu laju bunga sehingga memenuhi persamaan berikut :
∑CF/(1+i)n = total modal akhir masa konstruksi
Dimana : n = tahun
CF = cash flow pada tahun ke-n
Tabel E.23 Discounted cash flow
Tahun Suku Bunga (DF) Nilai Sekarang (PV)

Arus KAS (Rp)
ke-n 26.17% (Rp)
1 #NAME? 0.79260815162451 #NAME?
2 #NAME? 0.62822768202162 #NAME?
3 #NAME? 0.49793838184651 #NAME?
4 #NAME? 0.39467002045826 #NAME?
5 #NAME? 0.31281867541703 #NAME?
6 #NAME? 0.24794263211592 #NAME?
7 #NAME? 0.19652135135031 #NAME?
8 #NAME? 0.15576442504852 #NAME?
9 #NAME? 0.12346015302656 #NAME?
10 #NAME? 0.09785552368966 #NAME?
Total PV #NAME?
E-954
i kondisi ekonomi dunia.
ndeks persamaan berikut :
merhaus, "Plant Design &
ks berdasarkan Marshall
E-955
Harga diketahui
32000 2007
250 2007
80000 2007
250 2007
2900 2007
7000 2007
E-956
4000 2007
340000 2007
3500 2007
4000 2007
1200 2007
310000 2007
4000 2007
3100 2007
250 2007
3600 2007
250 2007
41000 2007
E-957
E-958
E-959
adalah suatu tingkat bunga

uruh jumlah modal keluar.
emenuhi persamaan berikut :
Modal Sendiri Modal Pinjaman
Tahun
Kapasitas
ke- Pengeluaran Inflasi Jumlah Akumulasi Pengeluaran Bunga Jumlah
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-1 0% #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
0 0% #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
1 90%
2 95%
3 100%
4 100%
5 100%
6 100%
7 100%
8 100%
9 100%
10 100%
Umur Pabrik : 10 Tahun
Lama pengembalian pinjaman : 10 Tahun

Bunga : 12%
Laju infalsi : 7%
Pajak : 25%
BAGIAN DI ATAS ADALAH "CASH FLOW" ---->>> Cf
GRAFIK
Biaya tetap (Fa) = #NAME?
Biaya variabel (Va) = #REF!
Biaya reguler (Ra) = #NAME?
Total Penjualan (S) = Rp 313,004,000,000
Garis S BEP
x y 0### ###
0 0 ###### ###
### ###
###### 0
Garis Fa ###### ###
x y
0 ###
### ### SDP SDP

0### ###
Garis Va ###### 0
x y ###### ###
0 ###
### ###
Total biaya
x y
0 ###
### ###
Biaya produksi
x y
0 ###
### ###
Investasi Total Pengembalian Sisa Pinjaman Bunga dari Sisa
Hasil Penjualan Biaya Operasi Depresiasi
Pinjaman Pinjaman
Akumulasi (4) + (8) (11) - (10)
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
#NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? 281,703,600,000- #REF! #NAME? #NAME?




350 Total Penjualan
Biaya Tetap
Biaya Variabel
Total Biaya
300 Out of Pocket
Cost
BEP
Column K
250
Rupiah/Tahun (x109)
200
150
100
50
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Tingkat Produksi Per Tahun (%)

Laba Sebelum Pajak Laba Sesudah Pajak Actual Cash Flow Net Cash Flow Commulative Net IRR Cash Flow
Pajak
Cash Flow
(12)-(13)-(14)-(15) (16) - (17) (14) + (18) (19) - (10) (15) + (19)
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
#REF! #REF! #REF! #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?




Gambar 2.3 Flow Diagram Process of Ethylene from
m Process of Ethylene from Ethanol Dehydration

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Volume 1 Yaws

Pendinginnnnnn_ Beku Uap

Volume 4 Yaws -94.7 56.29

Acetone -95 56.3

Faktor koreksi dimixer

Komponen Aliran 1 Aliran 2 Aliran 3 Aliran 4 Aliran 5

Etilen 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Etanol 62781.1425 77699.1940 77699.1940 14918.0515 0.0000

Air 2650.3620 4089.4313 4089.4313 1439.0693 0.0000

Total 65431.5044 81788.6252 81788.6252 16357.1208 0.0000

Komponen Aliran 1 Aliran 2 Aliran 3 Aliran 4 Aliran 5 Aliran 6

No. KODE NAMA ALAT

PROGRAM STUDI S-1 TEKNIK KIM

CATATAN_UTK KOMPRESSOR_SPA TAU BERGUNA

Komponen n (kmol/h) Cp*dT Q (kJ/h)

Etilen 1350.4984 2710.9258 3661100.9929

Etanol 12.2649 4120.2465 50534.2865

Air 1497.6182 1981.4808 2967501.6126

Etilen 5.741415 mol/dm3 = 161.0696 kg/m3

Etanol 13.9371 mol/dm3 = 642.0683 kg/m3

Air 54.93619 mol/dm3 = 989.6755 kg/m3

Cp at T min 0.5593 J/(kmol.K)

Cp at T maks 0.796 J/(kmol.K)

Suhu nitrogen sbg.pendingin 75.15 K ----> 0.617445342886387 J/(kmol.K)

Suhu nitrogen keluar 123.15 K ----> 0.850026714431934 J/(kmol.K)

Densitas nitrogen ------->

Tabel 2-239 Perry 8 ed., Physical properties of Nitrogen

Dicari pada T rata-rata : 99.15 K --------> 24.7896 mol/dm3 atau 694.4311

Pada tc = -281.2 F = 99.15 K ;

Harga Pendingin Nitrogen

56.29 Viskositas Aceton

Viskositas liq Distilat

Aliran 5 Aliran 6 Aliran 7 Aliran 8 Aliran 9 Aliran 10 Aliran 11

0.0000 0.0000 37886.8830 37886.8830 37886.8830 37886.8830 -92.3580

0.0000 0.0000 565.0303 565.0303 565.0303 565.0303 -2754.5073

0.0000 0.0000 26979.5912 26979.5912 26979.5912 26979.5912 -131485.3132

0.0000 0.0000 65431.5044 65431.5044 65431.5044 65431.5044 -134332.1785

n4 Aliran 5 Aliran 6 Aliran 7 Aliran 8 Aliran 9 Aliran 10 Aliran 11 Ali

RA DISTILASI 1 F-121 Reservoir-1

MPRESSOR 1 L-122 Pompa Sand Fil

OOLER 1 H-130 Sand Filter

M STUDI S-1 TEKNIK KIMIA

.5593 112.00 0.7960 249

ir, didapat dengan interpolasi

-281.2 F = 134.705555556 K ; -121 F = 223.705555556

9.43709255377 cp Viskositas = 0.77658398528 cp

Viskositas liq Distilat #NAME? F = #NAME? K

Komponen VIS A VIS B μ 179.332 K

Etilen 168.98 93.94 0.139145

Etanol 686.64 300.88 35.21845

Air 658.25 283.16 22.17731

Total μmix 0.145476

Aliran 11 Aliran 12 Aliran 13 Aliran 14 Aliran 15 Aliran 16

-92.3580 -1297730.4004 -111.3014 -1297730.4004 -1335617.2834 18.9434

-2754.5073 -19353.8480 -3319.4811 -19353.8480 -19918.8783 564.9738

-131485.3132 -924125.5262 -158454.1126 -924125.5262 -951105.1174 26968.7993

-134332.1785 -2241209.7746 -161884.8951 -2241209.7746 -2306641.2790 27552.7166

Aliran 10 Aliran 11 Aliran 12 Aliran 13 Aliran 14 Aliran 15 Aliran 16 Aliran 17

NAMA ALAT KODE NAMA ALAT

Pompa Raw Water L-144 Pompa Air Sanitasi

Bak Pengendap L-145 Pompa Kation Exchanger

Pompa ke Clarifier KE-210 Kation Exchanger

Clarifier L-211 Pompa Anion Exchanger