Nota Pertolongan Cemas

Peralatan dalam Peti Pertolongan Cemas/ First Aid Kit

1) Ubat Sapu
BIL PERKARA KEGUNAAN
1. Acriflavine (ubat kuning) Untuk antiseptic

2. Dettol (boleh diganti dengan Normal Antiseptik dan digunakan sebagai cucian
Saline solution 0.9%) luka luar

3. LMS (Laminate Menthol Solution) Kecederaan otot dan terseliuh.

& Menzza Cream

4. Burnol - Pembunuh kuman

- Luka terlecur 烫伤
2) Pembalut dan aksesori
BIL PERKARA KEGUNAAN
1. Triangular bandage (kain anduh) Untul mengampu bahagian kecederaan/
kepatahan, membalut luka/ pendarahan
yang didapati ada kepatahan tulang

2. Sterile eye pad Melindung mata yang tercedera/ terkena

bendasing

3. Gauze Melakukan pencucian/pembebat luka‡

Membuat balutan/memberi tekananpada
perdarahan dan menstabilkankepatahan

4. Elastic bandage/crepe bandage Menstabilkan kecederaan/

Roller bandage kepatahan/ untuk membalut luka dan juga
kecederaan ringan
eg.
dislocation(terseliuh)

5. G l o v e - d i s p o s a b l e /nonsterile Melindungi diri dari sebarang

cecair badan/sumber jangkitan
6. Scissor Memotong gauze/bandage

7. Adhesive tape Melekatkan balutan dan pembebat

8. Sterile multi-trauma dressing/ gauze Melakukan pencucian/pembebatan luka

9. Alcohol prep pads Mencuci sebarang bendasing/kekotoran

pada luka sebelum membalut.

10. Cotton buds Mencuci luka pada kawasan sukar

11. Forsep Memegang kapas dan gauze

12. Safety pin Menetapkan kedudukan kain anduh

Ingatan Umum:
1) Tiada ubat makan dalam setiap first aid kit. Guru bukan doktor,tiada hak
beri ubat untuk murid makan.

2) First aid kit mesti letak tinggi di paras mata org dewasa---- jauh dari kanak-
kanak.

3) Untuk rawatan luka, mesti pakai sarung tangan getah, Dua tangan

4) Semua pembalut, adhesive tape, dan sarung tangan HANYA digunakan

sekali SAHAJA.

Tambahan:
1) sekolah mesti mematuhi SOP : Standard of Procedure 标准程序，peralatan
penuh di bilik rawatan.
Anduh
1) anduh besar

2) anduh tiga segi

Balutan

1) balutan kepala

2) balutan tapak tangan

-Letakkan tapak tangan yang tercedera di atas kain anduh , kemudian tarik dan
letakkan bucu atas kain anduh di atas tangan.

-Silangkan kedua-dua bucu hujung kain anduh di atas dan bawah.

-Ikatan buku sila kemudiannya diikat pada atas pergelangan tangan.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Cara ingat: Dr CBA

D -Danger bring patient out of danger (fire)

R -rescue -panggir ambulan

-Panggir dan goyang pesakit

C -Comprass

B -Breath

A -Air

Comprass 30, breath 2 ， check nadi (one round)

Before starting CPR, check:

 Is the environment safe for the person?

 Is the person conscious or unconscious?
 If the person appears unconscious, tap or shake his or her shoulder and ask loudly,
"Are you OK?"
 If the person doesn't respond and two people are available, have one person call 911
or the local emergency number and get the AED, if one is available, and have the
other person begin CPR.
 If you are alone and have immediate access to a telephone, call 911 or your local
emergency number before beginning CPR. Get the AED, if one is available.
 As soon as an AED is available, deliver one shock if instructed by the device, then
begin CPR.
Remember to spell C-A-B

Chest compressions
Open the airway

Rescue breathing

The American Heart Association uses the letters C-A-B — compressions, airway,
breathing — to help people remember the order to perform the steps of CPR.
Compressions: Restore blood circulation

1. Put the person on his or her back on a firm surface.

2. Kneel next to the person's neck and shoulders.
3. Place the heel of one hand over the center of the person's chest, between the
nipples. Place your other hand on top of the first hand. Keep your elbows straight
and position your shoulders directly above your hands.
4. Use your upper body weight (not just your arms) as you push straight down on
(compress) the chest at least 2 inches (approximately 5 centimeters) but not greater
than 2.4 inches (approximately 6 centimeters). Push hard at a rate of 100 to 120
compressions a minute.
5. If you haven't been trained in CPR, continue chest compressions until there are
signs of movement or until emergency medical personnel take over. If you have
been trained in CPR, go on to opening the airway and rescue breathing.

Airway: Open the airway

 If you're trained in CPR and you've performed 30 chest compressions, open the
person's airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver. Put your palm on the person's
forehead and gently tilt the head back. Then with the other hand, gently lift the chin
forward to open the airway.
Breathing: Breathe for the person
Rescue breathing can be mouth-to-mouth breathing or mouth-to-nose breathing if the
mouth is seriously injured or can't be opened.

1. With the airway open (using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver), pinch the nostrils shut
for mouth-to-mouth breathing and cover the person's mouth with yours, making a
seal.
2. Prepare to give two rescue breaths. Give the first rescue breath — lasting one
second — and watch to see if the chest rises. If it does rise, give the second breath.
If the chest doesn't rise, repeat the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver and then give the
second breath. Thirty chest compressions followed by two rescue breaths is
considered one cycle. Be careful not to provide too many breaths or to breathe with
too much force.
3. Resume chest compressions to restore circulation.
4. As soon as an automated external defibrillator (AED) is available, apply it and follow
the prompts. Administer one shock, then resume CPR — starting with chest
compressions — for two more minutes before administering a second shock. If
you're not trained to use an AED, a 911 or other emergency medical operator may
be able to guide you in its use. If an AED isn't available, go to step 5 below.
5. Continue CPR until there are signs of movement or emergency medical personnel
take over.