Jenis Word Formation dan Contohnya

Ada beberapa jenis dari word formation, yaitu:

 Verb Formation
Verb formation atau pembentukan kata kerja, dengan akhiran –ize dan –ify dapat ditambhkan pada
banyak kata  benda (noun) dan kata sifat ( adjective) untuk membentuk kata kerja seperti:

American             -ize                         Americanize

Legal                    -ize                         Legalize

Modern               -ize                         Modernize

Popular                -ize                         Popularize

 Contoh :

 They want to make the factory modern

 They want to modernize the factory  

 Adverb Formation
Adverb Formation atau pembentukan kata keterangan, dengan akhiran –Ly dapat ditambahkan pada
hampir semua adjective untuk mmembentuk adverb (kata keterangan).

Easy                       -ly                           easily

Main                      -ly                           mainly

Quick                     -ly                           quickly

Stupid                   -ly                           stupidly

Contoh :

 His behaviour was stupid

 He behaved stupidly

 Noun Formation
Noun Formation atau pembentukan kata benda, akhiran –er, -ment dan –ation dapat ditambahkan
pada banyak kata kerja untuk membentuk kata benda (nuouns).

Akhiran  -er

Drive                     -er                          driver

Fasten                  -er                          fastener

Open                     -er                          opener

Teach                    -er                          teacher

Contoh :

 John drives a bus

 He is a bus driver

 Akhiran –ment

Amaze                  -ment                  amazement

Develop               -ment                   development

Pay                       -ment                   payment

Retire                  -ment                   retirement

Contoh :

 Children develop very quickly

 Their development is very quick

Akhiran –ation

Admire                 -ation                    admiration

Associate             -ation                    association

Examine               -ation                    examination

Organize              -ation                    organization

Contoh:

 The doctor examined me carefully

 He gave me a careful examination

Akhiran –ity dan –ness dapat ditambahkan pada banyak adjectives untuk membentuk nouns (kata
benda).

Akhiran -ity dan -ty

Cruel                     -ty                          cruelty

Odd                       -ity                         oddity

Pure                      -ity                         purity

Stupid                   -ity                         stupidity

Contoh:
  Don’t be so cruel
 I hate cruelty

Akhiran -ness

Dark                      -ness                     darkness

Deaf                      -ness                     deafness

Happy                   -ness                     happiness

Kind                      -ness                     kindness

Contoh :

 It was very dark

 The darkness made it impossible to see

 Adjective Formation
Adjective formation atau pembentukan kata sifat, akhiran –y, -ical, -ful, dan less dapat ditambahkan
pada banyak kata benda untuk menmbentuk kata sifat (adjective).

Akhiran -y

Bush                      -y                            bushy

Dirt                         -y                            dirty

Hair                        -y                            hairy

Smell                     -y                            smelly

Contoh :

 There was an awful smell in the room

 The room was very smelly

Akhiran –ic dan -ical

Atom                    -ic                           atomic

Biology                -ical                        biological

Grammar             -ical                        grammatical

Poetry                  -ic                           poetic

Contoh:

 This book contains exercise on grammar

 It contains grammatical exercise

Akhiran –less

Pain                       -less                       painless

Hope                     -less                       hopeless

Care                       -less                       careless

Contoh:

 The operation didn’t cause her any pain

 It was painless

Akhiran –able

Akhiran ini dapat ditambahkan pada banyak kata kerja untuk membentuk kata sifat.

Wash                     -able                      washable

Love                      -able                      loveable

Debate                 -able                      debatable

Break                    -able                      breakable

Contoh :

 You can wash the coat

 It’s washable

 Opposite
Opposite atau lawan kata, awalan ini dapat digunakan di depan banyak kata untuk membentuk arti
berlawanan. Tetapi perlu diketahui bahwa kata-kata yang dibentuk dengan cara ini tidak selalu
merupakan lawan kata yang tepat dan kadang-kadang artinya sedikit berbeda.

Awalan un-

Un-                        happy                   unhappy

Un-                        fortunate            unfortunate

Un-                        wind                      unwind

Un-                        block                     unblock

Contoh:

 I am not very happy

 In fact, I’m very unhappy

 Awalan in, im, il, dan ir

In-                          efficient               inefficient

Im-                         possible               impossible

Il-                            literate                 illiterate

Ir                             regular                  irregular

Contoh:

 It’s just not possible to do that

 It’s impossible to do that

 Awalan dis-

Dis-                        agree                    disagree

Dis-                        approve               disapprove

Dis-                        honest                  dishonest

Contoh

 I don’t agree whit you

 I disagree with you

 Awalan de-

De-                         centralize                            decentralize

De-                         increase                               decrease

De-                         ascend                                  descend

De-                         inflate                                   deflate

Contoh:

 Increase means to make larger in amount or number

 Decrease means to make smaller in amount or number

 Awalan non-

Non-                      sense                    nonsense

Non-                      payment              nonpayment

Non-                      resident               nonresident

Non-                      conformist          nonconformist

Contoh:

 The hotel serve meals to residents

 Nonresidents are not allowed in.