KARAKTERISASI SIMPLISIA DAN SKRINING FITOKIMIA SERTA UJI

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DARI BEBERAPA

JENIS KULIT JERUK

ABSTRAK

Pemanfaatan kulit buah jeruk belum dikenal secara luas oleh masyarakat,
sedangkan kulit buah jeruk masih dimungkinkan mempunyai manfaat lain. Pada
penelitian ini yang diteliti adalah kulit buah dari jeruk kesturi (Citrus microcarpa
Bunge), jeruk lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck), jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix DC.),
dan jeruk bali (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Osbeck) yang kesemuanya termasuk famili
Rutaceae. Kulit buah jeruk memiliki kandungan kimia yang berpotensi sebagai
antioksidan yang dapat menetralkan radikal bebas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah
untuk melakukan karakterisasi simplisia, skrining fitokimia, dan untuk
mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol simplisia kulit buah jeruk
kesturi, lemon, purut, dan bali.
Ekstrak etanol simplisia kulit buah jeruk tersebut diatas dapat diperoleh
secara maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Selanjutnya, ekstrak dipekatkan
menggunakan alat penguap vakum putar dan dikeringkan menggunakan freeze
dryer sehingga diperoleh ekstrak kental. Uji aktivitas antioksidan terhadap ekstrak
etanol simplisia kulit buah jeruk kesturi, lemon, purut, dan bali dilakukan dengan
metode pemerangkapan radikal bebas 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH)
setelah didiamkan selama 60 menit pada suhu kamar dan diukur absorbansinya
pada panjang gelombang 516 nm.
Hasil pemeriksaan karakterisasi simplisia kulit buah jeruk purut
memenuhi persyaratan Materia Medika Indonesia, sementara persyaratan
karakterisasi simplisia kulit buah jeruk kesturi, lemon dan bali belum tertera pada
Materia Medika Indonesia. Simplisia kulit buah jeruk purut diperoleh kadar air
5,99%, kadar sari yang larut dalam air 22,33%, kadar sari yang larut dalam etanol
21,52%, kadar abu total 7,75%, dan kadar abu yang tidak larut dalam asam
0,56%. Simplisia kulit buah jeruk kesturi diperoleh kadar air 7,99%, kadar sari
yang larut dalam air 27,15%, kadar sari yang larut dalam etanol 10,68%, kadar
abu total 7,81%, dan kadar abu yang tidak larut dalam asam 0,90%. Simplisia
kulit buah jeruk lemon diperoleh kadar air 7,96%, kadar sari yang larut dalam air
21,17%, kadar sari yang larut dalam etanol 17,44%, kadar abu total 4,57%, dan
kadar abu yang tidak larut dalam asam 0,38%. Simplisia kulit buah jeruk bali
diperoleh kadar air 8,99%, kadar sari yang larut dalam air 17,52%, kadar sari yang
larut dalam etanol 16,25%, kadar abu total 4,27%, dan kadar abu yang tidak larut
dalam asam 0,26%. Hasil skrining fitokimia dari simplisia kulit buah jeruk
kesturi, purut, lemon, dan bali adalah flavonoid, glikosida, tanin, dan
steroid/triterpenoid. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode
penangkapan radikal bebas DPPH menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit buah
jeruk kesturi memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 206,595 ppm, ekstrak etanol kulit buah
jeruk lemon memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 210,330 ppm, ekstrak etanol kulit buah
jeruk purut memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 258,640 ppm, ekstrak etanol kulit buah
jeruk bali memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 342,980 ppm dan untuk vitamin C diperoleh
nilai IC50 sebesar 4,025 ppm. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol kulit

Universitas Sumatera Utara

buah jeruk kesturi, lemon, purut, dan bali sangat lemah dibandingkan dengan
vitamin C.

Kata kunci: antioksidan, jeruk kesturi, jeruk lemon, jeruk purut, jeruk bali, DPPH

Universitas Sumatera Utara

 SIMPLEX CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL
SCREENING WITH ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES TEST
OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF SOME SPECIES CITRUS PEEL

ABSTRACT

The utilization of citrus peels is not yet widely known by the public, while
the peel of citrus fruits is still possible to have other benefits. In this research,
which examined are musk lime (Citrus microcarpa Bunge), citrus limon (Citrus
limon (L.) Osbeck), kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC.), and grapefruit (Citrus
maxima (Burm.) Osbeck) all of which belong to the family Rutaceae. Citrus peels
contain chemicals that are potentially as antioxidants that can neutralize free
radicals. The aim of this research is to do simplex characterization, phytochemical
screening, and the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of musk peel, limon peel,
kaffir peel, and grapefruit peel.
Ethanol extract of citrus peels were produced by maceration method with
96% ethanol solvent. After extraction, extracts were concentrated using rotary
evaporatot and dried by freeze dryer. Then, the antioxidant activity of extracts
were tested using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging
method after incubated for 60 minutes at room temperature and a wavelength of
516 nm.
The result of simplex characteristization of kaffir peel meet the
requirements of Materia Medika Indonesia, while the result of simplex
characteristization of musk peel, limon peel, and grapefruit peel not listed on
Materia Medika Indonesia. Kaffir peel simplex have the water content value
5.99%, the water soluble extract value were 22.33%, the ethanol soluble extract
value were 21.52%, the total ash of simplex value was 7.75%, and the acid
insoluble of simplex ash value was 0.56%. Musk peel simplex have the water
content value 7.99%, the water soluble extract value were 27.15%, the ethanol
soluble extract value were 10.68%, the total ash of simplex value was 7.81%, and
the acid insoluble of simplex ash value was 0.90%. Limon peel simplex have the
water content value 7.96%, the water soluble extract value were 21.17%, the
ethanol soluble extract value were 17.44%, the total ash of simplex value was
4.57%, and the acid insoluble of simplex ash value was 0.38%. Grapefruit peel
simplex have the water content value 8.99%, the water soluble extract value were
17.52%, the ethanol soluble extract value were 16.25%, the total ash of simplex
value was 4.27%, and the acid insoluble of simplex ash value was 0.26%. Based
on phytochemical screening, a whole simplex of citrus peels contains flavonoid,
glycosides, tannin, and steroid/triterpenoid. The result of antioxidant activity test
using DPPH radical scavenging method shows that the IC50 of ethanol extract of
musk peel simplex is 206.595 ppm, the IC50 of ethanol extract of limon peel
simplex is 210.330 ppm, the IC50 of ethanol extract of kaffir peel simplex is
258.640 ppm, the IC50 of ethanol extract of grapefruit peel simplex is 342.98 ppm
and the IC50 of vitamin C is 4.025 ppm. The result of antioxidant activity test all
of ethanol extract of citrus peels simplex were very weak than vitamin C.

Keyword : antioxidant, musk lime, citrus limon, kaffir lime, grapefruit, DPPH

Universitas Sumatera Utara