PENGARUH RESPIRATORY MUSCLE STRETCH GYMNASTIC

(RMSG) DENGAN LATIHAN PERNAPASAN BUTEYKO

TERHADAP PENINGKATAN VO2MAX PADA
LANSIA DESA SUMBER SEKAR MALANG

SKRIPSI

OLEH :

HUSNUL KHOTIMAH

201410490311081

PROGRAM STUDI S1 FISIOTERAPI

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2018
PENGARUH RESPIRATORY MUSCLE STRETCH GYMNASTIC
(RMSG) DENGAN LATIHAN PERNAPASAN BUTEYKO
TERHADAP PENINGKATAN VO2MAX PADA
LANSIA DESA SUMBER SEKAR MALANG

SKRIPSI

OLEH :

HUSNUL KHOTIMAH

201410490311081

PROGRAM STUDI S1 FISIOTERAPI

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2018

i
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN

ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

iii
 KATA PENGANTAR

Puji Syukur penulis panjatkan atas kehadirat ALLAH SWT yang telah
melimpahkan rahmat, hidayah, karunia dan keridhaan-Nya penulis dapat
menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “Pengaruh Kombinasi Respiratory Muscle
Stretch Gymnastic (RMSG) Dengan Latihan Pernapasan Buteyko Terhadap
Peningkatan VO2Max Pada Lansia Desa Sumber Sekar Malang”. Skripsi ini
disusun sebagai salah satu syarat guna memperoleh gelar Sarjana Fisioterapi
(S.Ft) pada Program Studi S1 Fisioterapi Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang.

Penulis menyadari bahwa tugas akhir ini dapat terselesaikan berkat

bantuan, arahan, dukungan dan bimbingan dari berbagai pihak. Penulis tidak lupa
mengucapkan terimakasih yang sebesar – besarnya kepada yang terhormat :

1. Bapak Fauzan, selaku Rektor Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

periode (2016-2020).
2. Bapak Faqih Ruhyanudin, selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
3. Ibu Atika Yulianti, selaku Ketua Program Studi Fisioterapi Fakultas
Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
4. Bapak Ahmad Abdullah, selaku Dosen Pembimbing yang telah
memberikan bimbingan, arahan dan motivasi dalam penyusunan
skripsi ini.
5. Bapak Ali Multazam, selaku Dosen Penguji yang telah memberikan
masukkan, arahan dan motivasi dalam penyusunan skripsi ini.
6. Untuk kedua orang tua yang saya sayangi , bapak H. Jaelani dan Hj.
ST. Zaenab yang selalu mendoakan, memberikan, motivasi,
mendukung secara moril maupun material sehingga skripsi ini dapat
terselesaikan.
7. Seluruh Dosen Program Studi S1 Fisioterapi yang telah membagikan
ilmunya.

iv
 8. Kepada Hafizah dan Mahfud yang telah bersedia menjadi teman
sepayung dan membantu dalam proses penelitian ini
9. Ibu – ibu lansia Desa Sumber Sekar Malang yang telah bersedia
menjadi responden dan telah berkerjasama dengan baik selama proses
penelitian.
10. The Best Part of My Life (Temon, Nonk, Kum, Sidong, Terong).
11. Sahabat terbaik yang selalu mendukung dan memberikan kebahagiaan
selama perkuliahan (Nanda, Zain, Retno, Meily, April, Vitha Tio)
12. My second family Sukari Kos Squad (Asti, amy, leny, nurul, mbak
selva, aisyah, puput, syfa, risma)
13. Fisioterapi B 2014
14. Seluruh pihak yang telah membanu penyusunan skripsi ini.
Penulis menyadari dalam penulisan tugas akhir ini masih terdapat
kekurangan dan jauh dari kesempurnaan. Oleh karena itu, koreksi dari bapak dan
ibu pembimbing dan penguji, serta kritik dari berbagai pihak sangat diperlukan
bagi penulis untuk menyempurnakan penulisan. Semoga skripsi ini bermanfaat
bagi masyarakat dan instansi terkait.

Malang, 25 Juli 2018

Penulis

v
 ABSTRAK
Pengaruh Kombinasi Respiratory Muscle Stretch Gymnastic (RMSG) dengan
Latihan Pernapasan Buteyko Terhadap Peningkatan VO2max Pada Lansia Di Desa
Sumber Sekar Malang

Husnul Khotimah1, Ahmad Abdullah2

Latar Belakang: Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) adalah jumlah maksimal

oxygen yang dibutuhkan dalam satu menit dari aktivitas atau latihan fisik.
Terjadinya proses penuaan menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan pada VO2max
sekitar 10% perdekade sedangkan 5% perdekade pada lansia aktif. Hasil studi
pendahuluan pada lansia Desa Sumber Sekar Malang rata – rata terjadi penurunan
VO2max.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi Respiratory Muscle Stretch
Gymnastic dengan latihan pernapasan Buteyko terhadap peningkatan VO2max
pada lansi Desa Sumber Sekar Malang.
Metode Penelitian: Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah
quasi eksperimental dengan pretest dan posttest design without control. Penelitian
ini dilakukan dari tanggal 9 April sampai dengan 5 Mei 2018 (n=30). Responden
dalam penelitian ini adalah lansia Desa Sumber Sekar Malang. Analisa data
dilakukan dengan Uji Willcoxon .
Hasil: Hasil perhitungan Uji Willcoxon penatalaksanaan kombinasi Respiratory
Muscle Stretch Gymnastic dengan latihan pernapasan Buteyko dengan
probabilitas P value 0,00<0,05 maka H0 ditolak sehingga terbukti terdapat
pengaruh kombinasi Respiratory Muscle Stretch Gymnastic dengan latihan
pernapasan Buteyko terhadap peningkatan VO2max pada lansia Desa Sumber
Sekar Malang.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat peningkatan VO2max dari sebelum diberikan
penatalaksaan dan sesudah diberikan penatalaksanaan, dengan rata – rata
peningkatan sebesar 44,7mL/m-1

Kata Kunci: VO2max, Respiratory Muscle Stretch Gymnastic, Buteyko, Lansia

1. Mahasiswa Program Studi S1 Fisioterapi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

2. Dosen Program Studi S1 Fisioterapi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

vi
 ABSTRACT
Effect of Respiratory Muscle Stretch Gymnastic (RMSG) Combinastion with
Buteyko Respiratory Exercise on Increasing VO2max at Elderly In Sumber Sekar
Malang Village
Husnul Khotimah1, Ahmad Abdullah2
Background: Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) is the maximum amount of
oxygen needed in a minute of activity or physical exercise. The occurrence of the
aging process causes a decrease of VO2max about 10% per decade while 5% per
decade on the elderly active. The results from earlier study on elderly in Sumber
Sekar Village Malang said that the average have decreased VO2max.

Objective: To know the effect of combination Respiratory Muscle Stretch

Gymnastic with Buteyko breathing exercise on increasing VO2max in elderly in
Sumber Sekar Village Malang.
Research Methods: The research design used in this study was quasi
experimental with pre – test and post – test design without control. The study was
conducted from 9 April to May 5, 2018 (n=30). Respondents in this study are
elderly in Sumber Sekar Village Malang. Data analysis is done by Willcoxon
Test.
Result: The calculation result of Willcoxon Test of combination management of
Respratory Muscle Stretch Gymnastic with Buteyko breathing exercise with
probability P value 0.00<0.05 then H0 is rejected it is proved by influence of
combination of Respiratory Muscle Stretch Gymnastic with Buteyko breathing
exercise to increase VO2max at elderly in Sumber Sekar Village Malang.
Conclusion: There was an increase in VO2max before intervention and after
intervention, with an average increase of 44,7 meters.

Keywords: VO2max, Respiratory Muscle Stretch Gymnastic (RMSG),

Buteyko, elderly

1. Mahasiswa Program Studi S1 Fisioterapi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

2. Dosen Program Studi S1 Fisioterapi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

vii
 DAFTAR ISI

Hal
HALAMAN SAMPUL ........................................................................................ i
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ................................................................................ ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .................................................................................. iii
KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... iv
ABSTRAK............................................................................................................ vi
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ viii
DAFTAR BAGAN ............................................................................................... x
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ xii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................ xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................... 1
A. Latar Belakang ........................................................................................... 1
B. Rumusan Masalah ...................................................................................... 4
C. Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................................... 4
D. Manfaat Penelitian...................................................................................... 5
E. Keaslian Penelitian ..................................................................................... 5
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .......................................................................... 10
A. Respiratory Muscle Stretch Gymnastic ....................................................... 10
B. Latihan Pernapasan Buteyko ....................................................................... 13
C. Maximum Oxygen Uptake (VO2max) .......................................................... 19
D. Lansia ......................................................................................................... 27
BAB III KERANGKA KONSEP DAN HIPOTESIS.......................................... 31
A. Kerangka Konsep ....................................................................................... 31
B. Hipotesis .................................................................................................... 32
BAB IV METODE PENELITIAN ...................................................................... 33
A. Desain Penelitian ........................................................................................ 33
B. Kerangka Penelitian.................................................................................... 34
C. Populasi, Sampel dan Teknik Sampling. ..................................................... 35
D. Tempat Penelitian ....................................................................................... 36
E. Waktu Penelitian ........................................................................................ 36
F. Devinisi Operasional .................................................................................. 37
G. Etika Penelitian .......................................................................................... 38
H. Pengumpulan Data ..................................................................................... 38
I. Prosedur Pengumpulan Data ....................................................................... 39
J. Analisa Data ............................................................................................... 42
BAB V HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISA DATA .................................... 46
A. Karakteristik Responden ............................................................................. 46
1. Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Usia ............................................ 46
2. Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Tinggi Badan .............................. 47
3. Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Berat Badan ................................ 48
4. Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) ........ 49
5. Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Pekerjaan .................................... 49

viii
 6. Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Nilai Rata – Rata VO2max .......... 50
B. Uji Normalitas ............................................................................................ 51
C. Uji Analisa Data ......................................................................................... 51
BAB VI PEMBAHASAN ..................................................................................... 53
A. Interpretasi dan Hasil Diskusi ..................................................................... 53
1. Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Usia ............................................ 53
2. Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) ........ 54
3. Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Pekerjaan .................................... 54
B. Nilai VO2max Sebelum dan Sesudah Penatalaksanaan Kombinasi
Respiratory Muscle Stretch Gymnastic dengan Latihan Pernapasan
Buteyko ...................................................................................................... 55
C. Keterbatasan Penelitian .............................................................................. 60
D. Implikasi Fisioterapi ................................................................................... 61
BAB VII KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................. 62
A. Kesimpulan ................................................................................................ 62
B. Saran .......................................................................................................... 62

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN

ix
 DAFTAR BAGAN
Bagan 3.1 Kerangka Konsep .................................................................................. 31
Bagan 4.1 Desain Penelitian ................................................................................... 33
Bagan 4.2 Kerangka Penelitian .............................................................................. 34

x
 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1.1 Keaslian Penelitian ................................................................................... 5

Tabel 2.1 Nilai Standar VO2max pada Laki – laki ................................................... 21
Tabel 2.2 Nilai Standar VO2max pada Wanita .......................................................... 22
Tabel 4.1 Definisi Operasional ................................................................................. 35
Tabel 5.1 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Usia .............................................. 47
Tabel 5.2 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Tinggi Badan ................................ 47
Tabel 5.3 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Berat Badan .................................. 48
Tabel 5.4 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) ........... 49
Tabel 5.5 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Pekerjaan ...................................... 49
Tabel 5.6 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Nilai Rata – Rata VO2max ............ 50
Tabel 5.7 Hasil Uji Normalitas Shapiro Wilk............................................................ 51
Tabel 5.8 Hasil Pengujian Willcoxon ........................................................................ 52

xi
 DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Elevasi Bahu ....................................................................................... 11
Gambar 2.2 Perenggangan Dada Bagian Atas ........................................................ 11
Gambar 2.2 Perenggangan Punggung Bawah ......................................................... 12
Gambar 2.2 Perenggangan Dada Bagian Bawah ..................................................... 12

xii
 DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1. Standar Operasional Prosedure Six Minute Walk Test

Lampiran 2. Standar Operasional Prosedure Respiratory Muscle Stretch
Gymnastic (RMSG) dan Latihan Pernapasan Buteyko
Lampiran 3. Surat Kesediaan Menjadi Pembimbing Skripsi
Lampiran 4. Angket Persetujuann Seminar Proposal
Lampiran 5. Lembar Konsultasi Bimbingan Skripsi
Lampiran 6. Surat Izin Penelitian
Lampiran 7. Surat Keterangan Telah Melakukan Penelitian
Lampiran 8. Angket Persetujuan Uji Hasil
Lampiran 9. Informed Consent
Lampiran 10. Informed Consent
Lampiran 11. Informed Consent
Lampiran 12. Informed Consent
Lampiran 13. Informed Consent
Lampiran 14. Informed Consent
Lampiran 15. Uji Normalitas, Uji Willcoxon
Lampiran 16. Dokumentasi
Lampiran 17. Hasil Uji Plagiasi

xiii
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