Ta Bismillah

Tahun Kebutuhan (Kg/tahun) Kebutuhan (Ton/tahun) N
2015 18,801,100.00 18801.1 2

2016 18,807,346.00 18807.346 3
2017 21,539,635.00 21539.635 4
2018 22,351,788.00 22351.788 5
2019 21,733,294.00 21733.294 6
Ʃ
23000
22000 f(x) = 940.88299999992 x − 1877114.37839984

𝑥 ̅ R² = 0.758265913848172
Kebutuhan (Ton/tahun)
𝑦 ̅
21000 a
20000 b
19000
18000 y grafik
y=
17000
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Tahun
X Y XY X2 a = ∑ y . ∑ x2 - ∑ x . ∑xy
2015 18801.1 37884216.5 4060225 n ∑ x2 - (∑ x)2
2016 18807.346 37915609.54 4064256
2017 21539.635 43445443.8 4068289 b = n ∑xy - ∑x . ∑y
2018 22351.788 45105908.18 4072324 n ∑ x2 - (∑ x)2
2019 21733.294 43879520.59 4076361
10085 103233.163 208230698.6 20341455 y = a + bx
101707225
1680.8333333 a= -1877114.37839
17205.527167 b= 940.882999997
x= 2021
10.239052752
y= a + bx
y= -1877114.378394 + 940.883 X
y= -1877114.378394 + 1901524.543
-98481.52 y= 24410.16460066 ton
25000 ton/th
Kapasitas Produksi : 25000 ton/th
Waktu Operasi : 1 tahun = 330 hari
1 hari = 24 jam
Maka kapasitas produksi = 25000 ton/th x 1th / 330 hari x 1hari / 24 jam
= 3156.565657 kg/jam
Bahan baku yang dibutuhkan = 3271.979731 kg/jam
Secara komersial Isopropil alkohol dengan konsentrasi 99,8 %

( Chemical & Process Technology Encyclopedia, Considine hal. 669 )
Komponen BM
IPA 60.0000
H20 18.0000
Aceton 58.0000
N2 28.0000
H2 2.0000
udara 29.0000
O2 32.0000
( Perry, ed. 6 cover)
Maka komposisi bahan baku adalah :

Bahan baku Komposisi % Berat Berat (Kg)
IPA 99.8% 3265.4358
Isopropyl
H2 O 0.20% 6.5440
Total 3271.9797
A.1 VAPORIZER
VAPORIZER
Fresh Feed masuk vaporizer :

Komposisi Kg/jam kgmol/jam
IPA 3265.4358 54.4239
H2O 6.5440 0.3636
Total 3271.9797 54.7875
Komposisi bahan baku yang berasal dari recycle :

Komposisi Kg/jam Kgmol/jam
IPA 100.9924 1.6832 100.9924
H2O 12.0790 0.6711 12.0790
Total 113.0714 2.3543
Komposisi feed masuk campuran ke vaporizer :

IPA 3366.4282 56.1071
H2O 18.6230 1.0346
Total 3385.0511 57.1417
Komposisi feed keluar menuju Reaktor:

IPA 3366.4282 56.1071
H2O 18.6230 1.0346
Total 3385.0511 57.1417
Neraca Massa vaporizer

Massa masuk, kg/jam Massa keluar, kg/jam
Liquid Campuran ke Vaporizer: Uap dan liquid ke heater 1 :
IPA = 3366.4282 IPA = 3366.4282
H2O = 18.6230 H2O = 18.6230
Total 3385.0511 Total 3385.0511
A.2 REAKTOR
Reaksi yang terjadi :

(CH3)2CHOH (CH3)2CO + H2
85% - 90% Yield (Keyes)
Koversi = 97%
(CH3)2CHOH katalis (CH3)2CO + H2
m 56.1071
r 54.4239 54.4239 54.4239
s 1.6832 54.4239 54.4239
(CH3)2CHOH awal = 56.1071 kgmol/jam = 3366.428 kg/jam

konversi = 97%
(CH3)2CHOH bereaksi = 54.4239 kgmol/jam = 3265.4353 kg/jam
(CH3)2CHOH sisa = 1.6832 kgmol/jam = 100.9928 kg/jam
(CH3)2CO terbentuk = 54.4239 kgmol/jam = 3156.5875 kg/jam
H2 terbentuk = 54.4239 kgmol/jam = 108.8478 kg/jam
Massa Masuk, kg/jam Massa keluar, kg/jam

Liquid dari Vaporizer : Gas ke Cooler :
IPA = 3366.4282 IPA = 100.9928
H2O = 18.6230 Aceton = 3156.5875
H2 = 108.8478
H2O = 18.6230
Total = 3385.0511 Total = 3385.0511
0.0000
A.3 FLASH DRUM
T Operasi= 45 C
= 318.15 K
P Operasi= 14.7 psi
= 760 mmHg
umpan masuk
IPA = 100.9928 kg/jam = 1.6832 kgmol/jam
H2O = 18.6230 kg/jam = 1.0346 kgmol/jam
Aceton = 3156.5875 kg/jam = 54.4239 kgmol/jam
H2 = 18.6230 kg/jam = 9.3115 kgmol/jam
TOTAL = 3294.8262 kg/jam = 66.4532 kgmol/jam
Mencari Tekanan Uap Komponen

Komponen A B C
IPA 18.6929 3640.2 -53.54
Acetone 16.6513 2983.07 -52.16
H2 13.6333 164.9 3.19
H2O 18.3036 3816.44 -46.13
Ln Pi sat = A - B (Smith & Van Ness, ed 5, hal 436)

C+T
Ki = Pi sat (Smith & Van Ness, ed 5, hal 458)

P Operasi
Komponen Kgmol/jam Zi Pi sat (mmHg) Ki=Pv/Pop Ki.Zi

IPA 1.6832 0.0253 139.2193 0.1832 0.0046
Acetone 54.4239 0.8190 229.5979 0.3021 0.2474
H2 9.3115 0.1401 498887.7366 656.4312 91.9797
H2O 1.0346 0.0156 71.7797 0.0944 0.0015
Total 66.4532 1.0000 92.2332
Neraca Massa Komponen

f{ψ} =
keterangan :
F = aliran masuk dari reaktor
V = aliran uap keluar dari flash drum
L = aliran liquid keluar menuju distilasi
Karena nilai K yang didapatkan, diketahui bahwa terdapat nilai K >1 dan nilai K<1
disebut Independent composition
Trial nilai ψ = 0 dan 1
f ( 0 ) = 0.0253 ( 1- 0.1832 ) + ### ( 1- 0.3021 ) +

1+ 0( ### - 1) 1+ 0( ### - 1)
0.1401 ( 1- 656.4312 ) + 0.0156 ( 1- 0.0944 )

1+ 0( ### - 1) 1+ 0( 0.0944 -1 )
= 0.02069 + 0.57156 + -91.83955565 + 0.014098535

= -91.23320
f ( 1 ) = 0.0253 ( 1- 0.1832 ) + ### ( 1- 0.3021 ) +

1+ 1( ### - 1) 1+ 1( ### - 1)
0.1401 ( 1- 656.4312 ) + 0.0156 ( 1- 0.0944 ) +

1+ 1( ### - 1) 1+ 1( 0.0944 -1 )
= 0.11294 + 1.89196 + -0.139907352 + 0.149274537

= 2.01427
0= 0.0253 ( 1- 0.1832 ) + ### ( 1- 0.3021 ) +

1+ 1( ### - 1) 1+ 1( ### - 1)
0.1401 ( 1- 656.4312 ) + 0.0156 ( 1- 0.0944 ) +

1+ 1( ### - 1) 1+ 1( 0.0944 -1 )
= 0.02466 + 0.66284 + -0.704706456 + 0.017165591

= 0.0000 ψ
0= 0.0000
V/F = ψ = 0.1973
Komposisi Vapour Komposisi Liquid

V = F x ψ L = F - V
= 66.4532 x 0.1973 = 66.4532 - 13.1119
= 13.1119 kgmol = 53.3413 kgmol
Menentukan Fraksi Vapour dan Liquid
xi = Zi yi = xi x Ki
1+ψ(Ki-1)
Dapat diketahui Fraksi Mol Masing-Masing Komponen
Komponen xi yi
IPA 0.0302 0.0055
Acetone 0.9498 0.2869
H2 0.0011 0.7058
H2O 0.0190 0.0018
Total 1.0000 1.0000
Berat masing - masing komponen

Berat (Kgmol) Berat (Kg/jam)
Komponen BM
Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour
IPA 1.6107 0.0725 60.00 96.6412 4.3516
Acetone 50.6618 3.7621 58.00 2938.383 218.2046
H2 0.0574 9.2541 2.00 0.1147 18.5083
H2O 1.0111 0.0235 18.00 18.2004 0.4225
Komponen 53.3409 13.1123 3053.3392 241.4870
Neraca Massa Flash Drum

Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar (kg/jam)
Gas dan Liquid dari Reaktor Menuju Tangki Destilasi
IPA 100.9928 IPA 96.6412
Acetone 3156.5875 Acetone 2938.3829
H2 18.6230 H2 0.1147
H2O 18.6230 H2O 18.2004
Menuju Scrubber
IPA 4.3516
Acetone 218.2046
H2 18.5083
H2O 0.4225
Total 3294.8262 Total 3294.8262
SCRUBBER
Kondisi Operasi : 1 atm (atmospheric pressure)

45 °C (ulrich :427)
Feed Masuk Scrubber (dari Flash Drum)

Komponen Berat (Kg/jam) Mol (Kgmol/jam)
IPA 4.3516 0.0725
Acetone 218.2046 3.7621
H2 18.5083 9.2541
H2O 0.4225 0.0235
Total 241.4870 13.1123
Asumsi efisiensi penyerapan = 100%

Gas yang terserap = 99%
Gas yang lolos = 0%
Komponen Gas Terserap (Kg/jam) Gas lolos (kg/jam)

IPA 4.3512 0.0004
Acetone 218.1828 0.0218
H2O 0.4225 0.0000
Total 222.9565 0.0223
Data Kelarutan CC/100g H20 ρ H2 = 0.088 gr/L

IPA 100% ρ N2 = 1.165 gr/L
Acetone 100%
H2 0.0001474
H2O 100%
Kebutuhan Air pada Scrubber

Komponen Gas Terlarut (Kg/jam) Kebutuhan Air(kg/jam)
IPA 4.3512 4.3512
Acetone 218.1828 218.1828
H2O 0.4225 0.4225
Total 222.9565 222.9565
Neraca Massa Scrubber

Bahan Masuk (kg/jam) Bahan Keluar (Kg/jam)
Dari Flash Drum : Ke udara :
IPA 4.3516 IPA = 0.0004
Acetone 218.2046 Acetone = 0.0218
H2 18.5083 H2 = 18.5083 0.9988
H2O 0.4225 H2O = 0.0000
241.4870 Ke Distilasi :
Kebutuhan air 222.9565 IPA = 4.3512
Acetone = 218.1828
H2O = 223.3790
Total 464.4435 Total 464.4435
DESTILASI 1
Umpan Masuk
Komponen BM Massa (kg/jam) Mol (kmol/jam) xf
Dari Flash + Scrubber
IPA 60.00 100.9924 1.6832 2%
Acetone 58.00 3156.5657 54.4235 78%
H2 2.00 0.1147 0.0574 0%
H2O 18.00 241.5794 13.4211 19%
Total 3499.2522 69.5852 100%
Perhitungan Boiling point feed dengan Pers Antoine

Komponen A B C
IPA 18.6929 3640.2 -53.54
Acetone 16.6513 2983.07 -52.16
H2 13.6333 164.9 3.19
H2O 18.3036 3816.44 -46.13

C+T

P Operasi
Trial Suhu Boiling Point

Trial Suhu = 331.5150 K = 58.3650 C
Tek. Op = 760 mmHg = 1 atm
Komponen Pv Ki xi yi
IPA 269.7452 0.3549 0.0242 0.0086
Acetone 392.6349 0.5166 0.7821 0.4041
H2 509215.8885 670.0209 0.0008 0.5522
H2O 138.4692 0.1822 0.1929 0.0351
Total 1.0000 1.0000
Distribusi produk atas

IPA = 0%
Acetone = 100%
H2 = 100%
H2O = 0%
Distribusi Mol masing-masing komponen

Komponen Feed xf Distillat xd Bottom xb Distillat
(kmol) kmol kmol kgmol
IPA 1.6832 0.0242 0.0000 0.0000 1.6832 0.1114 0
Acetone 54.4235 0.7821 54.4235 0.9989 0.0000 0.0000 3156.57
H2 0.0574 0.0008 0.0574 0.0011 0.0000 0.0000 0.1147
H2O 13.4211 0.1929 0.0000 0.0000 13.4211 0.8886 0
69.5852 1.0000 54.4809 1.0000 15.1043 1.0000 3156.68
Perhitungan Suhu operasi pada bagian atas dan bawah distilasi

Trial Suhu dew point destilat
Trial Suhu = 349.8998 K = 76.7498 C
Komponen Pv Ki yi xi
IPA 607.8074 0.799746588 0.0000 0.0000
Acetone 759.1886 0.998932356 0.9989 1.0000
H2 522447.6213 687.4310807 0.0011 0.0000
H2O 311.0669 0.409298528 0.0000 0.0000
Total 1.0000 1.0000
Trial Suhu bubble point bottom

Trial Suhu = 370.3420 K = 97.1920 C
IPA 1342.7060 1.7667 0.1114 0.1969
Acetone 1445.1126 1.9015 0.0000 0.0000
H2 535972.6925 705.2272 0.0000 0.0000
H2O 686.8847 0.9038 0.8886 0.8031
1.0000 1.0000
Neraca Massa Destilasi I

Masuk Keluar
Dari Flash Tank dan ScrubbeMenuju Tangki Acetone
IPA 100.9924 Acetone 3156.5657
Acetone 3156.5657 H2 0.1147
H2 0.1147
H2O 241.5794 Menuju Destillasi II
IPA 100.99240998
H2O 241.57938881
Total 3499.2522 Total 3499.2522
AKUMULATOR I
Perhitungan Refluks Min
Trial Ѳ q = 1
Trial Ѳ = 1.14099
Komponen xf Pv Ki αi 1-q
IPA 0.0242 269.7452 0.3549 1.9481 0.0584
Acetone 0.7821 392.6349 0.5166 2.8355 1.3087
H2 0.0008 509215.8885 670.0209 3677.4677 0.0008
H2O 0.1929 138.4692 0.1822 1.0000 -1.3680
0.0000
Reffluks Minimum
Komponen xdi Ki dew αi αi-Ѳ Rmin+1

IPA 0.0000 0.7997 1.9539 0.8130 0
Acetone 0.9989 0.9989 2.4406 1.2996 1.875973791
H2 0.0011 687.4311 1679.5347 1678.3937 0.001053406
H2O 0.0000 0.4093 1.0000 -0.1410 0
Total 1.0000 1.877027197
Rmin+1 = 1.8770
Rmin = 0.8770
Ropt = 1.5 x 0.8770
= 1.3
= L/D = D = 54.4809 kmol
L = 71.6718 Kmol
Komposisi Refluks (L)
Komponen xl kmol kg/jam
IPA 0.0000 0 0.0000
Acetone 0.9989 71.59639 4152.5909
H2 0.0011 0.075448 0.1509
H2O 0.0000 0 0.0000
Uap Keluar Menara Destilasi Menuju Kondensor (V)

V = D + L
= 126.1527 kmol/jam
Komposisi Uap (V)
Komponen yv kmol kg/jam
IPA 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Acetone 0.9989 126.0199 7309.1566
H2 0.0011 0.1328 0.2656
H2O 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Neraca Massa Akumulator

Masuk Keluar
Dari Destilasi I Rerfluks Destilasi I
IPA 0.0000IPA 0.0000
Acetone 7309.1566
Acetone 4152.5909
H2 0.2656H2 0.1509
H2O 0.0000H2O 0.0000
Menuju Tangki Aceton
IPA 3156.5657
H2 0.1147
Total 7309.4222 Total 7309.4222
Reboiler D 1
Neraca Massa Reboiler

L' = F + L
dimana
L' = Aliran Masuk Reboiler
F = Aliran Feed
L = Aliran Refluks
diketahui
F = 69.5852 kmol
L = 71.67184313 kmol
L' = 141.2570 kmol
V' = L' + B
dimana
V' = Uap Keluar Reboiler
B = Hasil Bottom
diketahui
B = 15.1043 kmol
maka
V = 126.1527 kmol
Komposisi Bottom
Komposisi xb kmol kg/jam
IPA 0.1114 1.6832 100.99240998
Acetone 0.0000 0.0000 0
H2 0.0000 0.0000 0
H2O 0.8886 13.4211 241.57938881
Komposisi feed reboiler

IPA 0.1114 15.7415 944.49279058
Acetone 0.0000 0.0000 0
H2 0.0000 0.0000 0
H2O 0.8886 125.5155 2259.2786045
Komposisi Uap reboiler

IPA 0.1114 14.0583 843.5003806
Acetone 0.0000 0.0000 0
H2 0.0000 0.0000 0
H2O 0.8886 112.0944 2017.699216

Masuk Keluar
Dari Destilasi Refluks Ke Destilasi I
IPA 944.492790576081 IPA 843.500380596358
H2O 2259.27860450508 H2O 2017.69921569321
Menuju Destilasi II
IPA 100.992409979722
H2O 241.579388811876
Total 3203.77140 Total 3203.77140
DESTILASI II
Umpan Masuk
Komponen BM Massa (kg/jam) Mol (kmol/jam) xf
Dari Distilasi II
IPA 60.00 100.9924 1.6832 0.1114
H2O 18.00 241.5794 13.4211 0.8886
Total 342.5718 15.1043 1.0000
Perhitungan Boiling point feed dengan Pers Antoine

Komponen A B C
IPA 18.6929 3640.2 -53.54
H2O 18.3036 3816.44 -46.13

C+T

P Operasi
yi = Ki . Xi
Trial Suhu Boiling Point

Trial Suhu = 370.3420 K = 97.1920 C
IPA 1342.7060 1.7667 0.1114 0.1969
H2O 686.8847 0.9038 0.8886 0.8031
Total 1.0000 1.0000
Asumsi distribusi komponen

Distribusi produk atas
IPA = 100% 0.00%
H2O = 5%
Distribusi Mol masing-masing komponen

Komponen Feed xf Distillat xd Bottom xb Distillat
(kmol) kmol kmol kgmol
IPA 1.6832 0.1114 1.6832 0.7150 0.0000 0.0000 100.992
H2O 13.4211 0.8886 0.6711 0.2850 12.7500 1.0000 12.079
15.1043 1.0000 2.3543 1.0000 12.7500 1.0000 113.071
Perhitungan Suhu operasi pada bagian atas dan bawah distilasi

Trial Suhu dew point destilat
Trial Suhu = 359.1910 K = 86.0410 C
Komponen Pv Ki yi xi
IPA 882.9233 1.161741176 0.7150 0.8306
H2O 451.6361 0.594258038 0.2850 0.1694
Total 1.0000 1.0000
Trial Suhu bubble point bottom

Trial Suhu = 373.1520 K = 100.0020 C
IPA 1485.4385 1.9545 0.0000 0.0000
H2O 759.9973 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
Total 1.0000 1.0000
Neraca Massa Destilasi II

Masuk Keluar
Dari Distilasi I Recycle ke Vaporizer
IPA 100.9924 IPA 100.9924
H2O 241.5794 H20 12.0790
WWT
H20 229.50041937
Total 342.5718 Total 342.5718
AKUMULATOR II
Perhitungan Refluks Min
Trial Ѳ q = 1
Trial Ѳ = 1.76679
Komponen xf Pv Ki αi 1-q
IPA 0.1114 1342.7060 1.7667 1.9548 1.1588
H2O 0.8886 686.8847 0.9038 1.0000 -1.1588
0.0000
Reffluks Minimum
Komponen xdi Ki dew αi αi-Ѳ Rmin+1

IPA 0.7150 1.1617 1.9549 0.1882 7.428546256
H2O 0.2850 0.5943 1.0000 -0.7668 -0.37172895
Total 1.0000 7.056817305
Rmin+1 = 7.0568
Rmin = 6.0568
Ropt = 1.5 x 6.0568
= 9.08523
= L/D = D = 2.3543 kmol
L = 21.39 Kmol
Komposisi Refluks (L)

Komponen xl kmol kg/jam
IPA 0.7150 15.29231 917.5389
H2O 0.2850 6.096676 109.7402
Uap Keluar Menara Destilasi Menuju Kondensor (V)

V = D + L
= 23.7433 kmol/jam
Komposisi Uap (V)
komponen yv kmol kg/jam
IPA 0.7150 16.9755 1018.5313
H2O 0.2850 6.7677 121.8191
Neraca Massa Akumulator

Masuk Keluar
Dari Destilasi I Rerfluks Destilasi II
IPA 1018.5313 IPA 917.5389
H2O 121.8191 H2O 109.7402
Recycle ke Vaporizer
IPA 100.9924
H2O 12.0790
Total 1140.3504 Total 1140.3504
REBOILER

L' = F + L
dimana
L' = Aliran Masuk Reboiler
F = Aliran Feed
L = Aliran Refluks
diketahui
F = 15.1043 kmol
L = 21.39 kmol
L' = 36.4933 kmol
V' = L' + B
dimana
V' = Uap Keluar Reboiler
B = Hasil Bottom
diketahui
B = 15.1043 kmol
maka
V = 21.3890 kmol
Komposisi Bottom
IPA 0.0000 0.0000 0
H2O 1.0000 15.1043 271.87711181
Komposisi feed reboiler

IPA 0.0000 0.0000 0
H2O 1.0000 36.4933 656.8789379
Komposisi feed uap reboiler

IPA 0.0000 0.0000 0
H2O 1.0000 21.3890 385.0018261

Masuk Keluar
Dari Destilasi I Refluks Ke Destilasi II
IPA 0 IPA 0
H2O 656.8789379 H2O 385.0018261
Menuju WWT
IPA 0
H2O 271.87711181
Total 656.8789379 Total 656.8789
kapasitas = 3156.5657 kg/jam
Kapasitas produksi :
Untuk basis 3274.2273 kg isopropil alcohol/jam (Telah Di Goal Seek),
didapat produk acetonesebesar :
Produk acetone = 3156.5657 kg/jam
= 75757.5758768238 kg/hari (24 jam proses)
= 25000000.0 kg/tahun (330 hari kerja)
= 25000.00 ton/tahun
Kapasitas terpasang = 25000 ton/tahun

Maka scale-up kapasitas = 25000 = 1.0000
25000.00
Jadi kebutuhan bahan baku isopropil alcohol = 1.0000 x 3271.979730805
= 3271.9797256548 kg/jam
21
Bottom
kgmol
100.992
0
0
241.579
342.572
Bottom
kgmol
0
229.5
229.5
APPENDIKS B
PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS
Kapasitas produksi : 25000 kg/jam

Waktu operasi : 330 hari/tahun
: 24 jam/hari
Satuan panas : kJ/jam
Suhu referance : 25 o
C = 298.15 K
Komponen BM Titik Didih (oC)

IPA 60.0000 82.5
H2O 18.0000 100
Aceton 58.0000 56.5
H2 2.0000 -252.7
N2 28
O2 32
( Perry, ed. 7)
Cp = A + B.T + C.T + 2
D.T3
∫ Cp dT = A.T + 1/2.B.T2 + 1/3.C.T3 +
1/4.D.T4
Heat Capacity Coefficient of Liquids (J/Kmol K)
Komponen A B C D E
IPA 723550 -8095 36.662 -0.066395 4.4064E-05
H2O 276370 -2090.1 8.125 -0.014116 9.3701E-06
Acetone 135600 -177 0.2837 0.000689 0
H2 66.653 6765.9 -123.63 478.27 0
N2 281970 -12281 248 -2.2182 0.0074902
(Perry Edisi 7, Chapter 2 Table 2-196)
Heat Capacity Coefficient of Gases (kal/mol.K)

Komponen A B C D
IPA 7.745 0.045 0.0000152 -2.2120E-08
H2O 7.701 0.00046 0.0000025 -8.3900E-09
Aceton 1.505 0.06224 -0.0000299 4.8670E-09
H2 6.483 0.00222 -0.0000033 1.8240E-09
N2 7.44 -0.00324 6.4E-06 -2.79E-09
O2 6.713 -9E-07 4.17E-06 -2.544E-09
(Sherwood, hal 631)
Enthalpi Vaporation (kJ/kmol)
Komponen ΔHvap (kJ/kmol)
IPA 39.9
H2 O 40.66
Aceton 29.1
H2 0.904
N2 126.2
(Lange's Handbook Tabel 6-2,6-4)
Komponen Cp ( BTU/lb °F) Cp (kJ/kmol)

N2 0.25 1.0467
O2 0.22 0.921096
( Kern, Figure 3, hal 805 )
Enthalpi Pembentukan (kJ/kmol)

Komponen ΔoHf (kJ/kmol)
IPA (l) -318.1
IPA (g) -272.6
H2O (l) -285.83
H2O (g) -241.826
Aceton (l) -248.4
Aceton (g) -217.1
H2 0
O2 0
(Lange's Handbook Tabel 6-1 ,6-3)
B.1 VAPORIZER
1. Feed Masuk
Feed Isopropyl Alcohol (liquid)

T = 30 °C = 303.15 K
Tref = 25 °C = 298.15 K
KomponenMassa (kg/jam)Mol (kmol/jam) ∫CpdT (J/kmol) ∆H (kJ/Jam)

IPA 3265.4358 54.4239 3518079.7367 191467.7236
H2O 6.5440 0.3636 1356060.0919 493.0001
Total 3271.9797 54.7875 4874139.8286 191960.7238
∆H1 = ∆H IPA + ∆H H2O

= 191467.7236 + 493.0001
= 191960.7238 kJ/Jam
Feed liquid dari Recycle (Distilasi 2)

T = 46 °C = 319.15 K
Tref = 25 °C = 298.15 K
KomponenMassa (kg/jam)Mol (kmol/jam)∫ Cp dT (J/kmol) ∆H (kJ/Jam)

IPA 100.9924 1.6832 13519585.945 22756.2572
H2O 12.0790 0.6711 5367306.1552 3601.7606
Total 113.0714 2.3543 18886892.1001 26358.0178
∆H2 = ∆H IPA + ∆H H2O + ∆H Aceton

= 22756.2572 + 3601.7606
= 26358.0178 kJ/Jam
∆H masuk total = ∆H1 + ∆H2

= 191960.7238 + 26358.0178
= 218318.7416 kJ/Jam
2. Feed Keluar
Feed (gas) keluar menuju kompresor
T = 165 °C = 438.15 K
Tref = 25 °C = 298.15 K
KomponenMassa (kg/jam)Mol (kmol/jam) ∫CpdT (kal/mol) ∆H (kJ/Jam)

IPA 3366.4282 56.1071 1537.0785 360832.6550
H2O 18.6230 1.0346 1084.1432 4693.0428
Total 3385.0511 57.1417 2621.2217 365525.6978

= 360832.6550 + 4693.0428
= 365525.6978 kJ/Jam
Enthalpy Penguapan
KomponenMassa (kg/jam)Mol (kmol/jam) Hvap (kJ/kmol) ∆H (kJ/Jam)
IPA 3366.4282 56.1071 39.9000 2238.6747
H2O 18.6230 1.0346 40.6600 42.0672
Total 3385.0511 57.1417 80.5600 2280.7419

= 2238.6747 + 42.0672
= 2280.7419 kJ/Jam
∆H keluar total = ∆H1 + ∆H2

= 365525.6978 + 2280.7419
= 367806.4398 kJ/Jam
Q masuk = Q keluar
218,318.7416 + Qsupply = 367,806.4398 + Qloss
Asumsi Qloss = 5% Qsupply (Ulrich hal 432)
Qsupply = 157355.4718 kJ/jam
Qloss = 7867.7735898 kJ/jam
Kebutuhan Steam
Dipakai steam dengan tekanan 9 bar (Ulrich 429)
Maka suhu yang diperlukan = 175 C = 448.15 K (Ulrich 426)
o
= 347 o
F
λ Steam = 2771.8000 BTU/lb Interpolasi λ Steam = 2771.8000
= 6446.7571 kJ/kg (Mc Graw Hill, hal 1095)
Qsteam = Msteam x λ Steam
Qsteam
Msteam =
λ Steam
= 157355.47 kJ/jam
6446.7571 kJ/kg
= 24.408469 kg
Neraca Panas Vaporizer

Neraca Masuk (kJ/jam) Neraca Keluar (kJ/jam)
Fresh Feed Menuju Heater
IPA 191467.7236 IPA 360832.6550
H2O 493.0001 H2O 4693.0428
191960.7238 365525.6978
Recycle dari Distilasi 2
IPA 22756.2572 Enthalpi Penguapan
H2O 3601.7606 IPA 2238.6747
26358.0178 H2O 42.0672
2280.7419
Qsupply 157355.4717951 Qloss 7867.77358975551

Total 375674.2134 Total 375674.2134
COMPRESSOR I
1. Feed Masuk
Feed Keluar dari Vaporizer (gas)
T = 165 °C = 438 K
Tref = 25 °C = 298 K
P1 = 1 atm = 760 mmHg

P2 = 5.5 atm = 4180 mmHg
Perhitungan Panas
KomponenMassa (kg/jam)Mol (kmol/jam) ∫CpdT (kal/mol) Hvap (kJ/kmol) ∆H (kJ/Jam)
IPA 3366.4282 56.1071 1537.0785 39.9000 363071.3297
H2O 18.6230 1.0346 1084.1432 40.6600 4735.1100
Total 3385.0511 57.1417 2621.2217 80.5600 367806.4398
*Panas keluar kompressor

Menghitung suhu keluar kompressor
Tekanan Masuk (P1) = 1 atm
Tekanan Keluar (P2) = 5.5 atm
Suhu Masuk = 165 0
C = 438.15 0K
R = 8.314 J/mol0K
Komponen Cp Cv = Cp-R
IPA 254137.0342 254128.7202
H2O 78370.2653 78370.2653
Total 332507.2995 332498.9855
Ɣ = Cp/ Cv = 1.0000
Ep = 80% Maka suhu keluar kompressor (T2) :
m =
(Ɣ-1)
Ɣ.Ep
n = 1
(1 - m)
T2 = T1 ( P2
P1 )
m
= 0.0000 = 1.0000
= 438.2 ( 5.5
1 ) 0.0000
= 438.1733 0K
= 165.0233 0C
T keluar = 165.0233 0C = 438.1733 0K
T reff = 25 0
C = 298.15 0
K
*Panas Keluar kompressor
T keluar = 165.0233 0C = 438.1733 0K
T reff = 25 0
C = 298.15 0
K
Komponen Kg Kmol Cp.dT ∆H (kJ/Jam)

IPA 3366.4282 56.1071 49600258.4022 11643772648.1153
H2O 18.6230 1.0346 24388093.5414 105571263.8505
Total 11749343911.9658
*Mengitung W kompresi
W = H keluar - H masuk
= 11749343911.9658 - 367806.4398
= 11748976105.5260 cal/mol0K
NERACA PANAS COMPRESSOR

Masuk (KJ/Jam) Keluar (KJ/Jam)
*Komponen *Komponen
IPA 363071.3297 IPA 11643772648.1153
H2O 4735.1100 H2O 105571263.8505
TOTAL 367806.4398 TOTAL 11749343911.9658
*W Kompresi 11748976105.5260
TOTAL 11749343911.9658 TOTAL 11749343911.9658
Hill, hal 1095)
B.2 HEATER B.3 REAKTO
1. Feed Masuk (gas) Feed Masuk d
Feed Masuk dari Kompresor T
T = 165.023 °C = 438 K Tref
Tref = 25 °C = 298 K
Perhitungan
Perhitungan Panas Komponen
Komponen
Massa (kg/jam) Mol (kmol/jam) ∫CpdT (kal/mol) ∆H (kJ/Jam) IPA
IPA 3366.4282 56.1071 1537.4120 360910.9324 H2 O
H2 O 18.6230 1.0346 1084.3251 4693.8303 Total
Total 3385.0511 57.1417 2621.7371 365604.7626
∆H1
= 360910.9324 + 4693.8303
= 365604.7626 kJ/Jam Feed Keluar d
T
2. Feed Keluar (gas) Tref
Feed Keluar ke Reaktor
T = 400 °C = 673 K Perhitungan
Tref = 25 °C = 298 K Komponen
IPA
Perhitungan Panas H2 O
Komponen Massa (kg/jam) Mol (kmol/jam) ∫CpdT (kal/mol) ∆H (KJ/Jam) Aceton
IPA 3366.4282 56.1071 6226.2671 1461630.2571 H2
H2 O 18.6230 1.0346 2923.0192 12653.1755 Total
Total 3385.0511 57.1417 9149.2863 1474283.4326
∆H3 =
= 1461630.2571 + 12653.1755
= 1474283.4326 kJ/Jam
Neraca Panas Total
H bahan masuk + Q supply = H bahan keluar + Q loss
365604.7626 + Q supply = 1474283.4326 + Q loss

Qloss = 58351.508946 kJ/jam
Kebutuhan Steam
Maka suhu yang diperlukan = 400 C = 673.15 K (Ulrich 426)
o
= 752.0 o
F
λ Steam = 3207.1 kJ/kg

Msteam = Qsteam
λ Steam
= 1167030.1789 kJ/jam
3207.1 kJ/kg
= 363.8896 kg

Feed dari Vaporizer Menuju Reaktor
IPA 360910.9324 IPA 1461630.2571
H2O 4693.8303 H2 O 12653.1755
365604.7626 1474283.4326
Q supply 1,167,030.179 Q serap 58351.508945741

Total 1532634.94 Total 1532634.94
0.00
Feed Masuk dari Reaktor
T = 400 °C = 673 K
Tref = 25 °C = 298 K
Perhitungan Panas
Komponen Massa (kg/jam) Mol (kmol/jam) ∫CpdT (kal/mol) ∆H (kJ/Jam)
IPA 100.9928 1.6832 6226.2671 43848.9077
H2O 18.6230 1.0346 2923.0192 12653.1755
Aceton 3156.5875 54.4239 4439.1008 1010826.2604
H2 108.8478 54.4239 2537.9121 577907.1799
Total 3385.0511 111.5657 16126.2991 1645235.5234

= 43848.9077 + 12653.1755 + 1010826.2604
= 1645235.5234 kJ/Jam
Feed Keluar ke COOLER
T = 190 °C = 464 K
Tref = 25 °C = 298 K
Perhitungan Panas
Komponen Massa (kg/jam) Mol (kmol/jam) Cp (J/kmol) ∆H (kJ/Jam)
IPA 100.9928 1.6832 1915.8012 13492.1600
H2 O 108.8478 6.0471 1282.4924 32448.4377
Aceton 3156.5875 54.4239 1056.4174 240556.4694
H2 108.8478 54.4239 1098.1517 250059.7864
Total 3475.2760 116.5782 5352.86 536556.85
∆H2 = 536556.85 kJ/Jam

B.3 REAKTOR COOLER I
Feed Masuk dari Heater I (gas) Feed masuk da
= 400 °C = 673.2 K Enthalpi bahan
Tref = 25 °C = 298.2 K
Perhitungan Panas T masuk

Komponen Massa (kg/jam) Mol (kmol/jam) ∫CpdT (kal/mol) ∆H (kJ/Jam) T keluar
IPA 3366.4282 56.1071 11419.1309 2680666.7511 T ref
H2O 18.6230 1.0346 2791.5093 12083.8951
Total 3385.0511 57.1417 14210.6401 2692750.6462
Perhitungan En
∆H1 = 2692750.6462 KJ/jam Komponen
IPA
H2 O
Feed Keluar dari Reaktor (gas) Aceton
= 400 °C = 600.2 K H2
Tref = 25 °C = 298.2 K Total
∆H1
Perhitungan Panas
Komponen Massa (kg/jam) Mol (kmol/jam) ∫CpdT (kal/mol) ∆H (kJ/Jam) Neraca Energi
IPA 100.9928 1.6832 11419.1309 80420.0025 Panas bahan m
H2O 18.6230 1.0346 2791.5093 12083.8951 3748021.14
Aceton 3156.5875 54.4239 9363.7326 2132212.6424
H2 108.8478 54.4239 2618.3561 596225.0618
Total 3385.0511 111.5657 26192.7288 2820941.6019 Perhitungan ke
suhu air pendin
∆H3 = ∆H IPA + ∆H H2O + ∆H Aceton + ∆H H2 suhu air pendin
= 80420.0025 + 12083.8951 + 2132212.6424 + 596225.0618 Cp air pending
= 2820941.6019 kJ/Jam
Qserap
ΔH bahan masuk + Q supply = ΔH bahan keluar + ΔH Reaksi + Q loss Neraca Energi
Kompone
(CH3)2CHOH (CH3)2CO + H2 Dari kompreso
Isoprophyl Alcohol Acetone Hydrogen IPA
H2O
Perhitungan Panas Reaksi ∆H298 Aceton
Komponen Mol Reaksi (kmol/jam) ΔoHf (kJ/mol) ΔHf (kJ/jam) H2
IPA 54.4239221033862 -272.6 -14835.961165
Aceton 54.4239221033862 -217.1 -11815.433489
H2 54.4239221033862 0 0 Total
ΔHF298 = ƩHf Produk - ƩHf Reaktan

= 3,020.5277 KJ/jam ( Reaksi Endoterm )
∆HR 298 = 3,020.5277 KJ/jam

∆HR, Tref = 3,020.5277 KJ/jam
∆H Produk = 2820941.6019 KJ/jam
∆H Reaktan = 2692750.6462 KJ/jam
∆H Reaksi = ∆HR, Tref + (∆H produk - ∆H Reaktan)
= 3,020.5277 + 128190.9557
= 131,211.4834 ( Reaksi Endoterm )
Neraca Energi Total

ΔH bahan masuk + Q supply = ΔH bahan keluar + ΔH Reaksi + Q loss
1474283.43 + Qsupply = 2,820,941.6019 + 131,211.4834 + Qloss
Qloss = 77782.6133 kJ/jam
Kebutuhan Steam
Maka suhu yang diperlukan = 400 o
C = 673.15 K (Ulrich 426)
= 752.0 o
F
λ Steam = #REF! kJ/kg
Msteam = Qsteam
λ Steam
= 1555652.2659 kJ/jam
#REF! kJ/kg
= #REF! kg
Neraca Panas Reaktor

Feed dari Heater 1 Feed keluar dari Reaktor
IPA 2680666.7511 IPA 80420.0025
H2O 12083.8951 H2O 12083.8951
2692750.6462 Aceton 2132212.6424
H2 596225.0618
2820941.6019
ΔH Reaksi 131211.4834
Qsupply 1555652.2659 Qloss 77782.6133
Total 4248402.9121 Total 3029935.6985
COOLER I B.4 FLASH DR
Feed masuk dari Reaktor (gas)
Enthalpi bahan masuk = Enthalpi keluar reaktor
= 3748021.1421 kJ/Jam
T masuk = 400.0000 °C = 673.15 K

T keluar = 180 °C = 453.15 K
T ref = 25 °C = 298.15 K
Perhitungan Enthalpi bahan keluar cooler

IPA 100.9928 1.6832 1756.7132 12371.7718
H2O 18.6230 1.0346 1201.0934 5199.2971
Aceton 3156.5875 54.4239 944.5207 215076.5131
H2 108.8478 54.4239 1027.6421 234004.0666
Total 3385.0511 111.5657 4929.9694 466651.6487
∆H1 = 466651.6487 kJ/Jam
Neraca Energi total :

Panas bahan masuk = panas bahan keluar + Qserap
3748021.1421 = 466651.6487 + Qserap
Qserap = 3281369.4934 kJ/Jam
Perhitungan kebutuhan air pendingin

suhu air pendingin masuk = 30 °C (Ulrich :427)
suhu air pendingin keluar = 45 °C (Ulrich :427)
Cp air pendingin = 1 kkal/kg°C = 4.184 kJ/jam
Qserap = m. Cp. ∆T
m = Q serap = 3281369.4934 = 784266.13 kg
Cp.∆T 4.184
Neraca Energi
Komponen Masuk Komponen Keluar
Dari kompresor Menuju Flash Drum
IPA 108212.7536 IPA 12371.7718
H2O 14730.3517 H2O 5199.2971
Aceton 2869782.1751 Aceton 215076.5131
H2 755295.8617 H2 234004.0666
466651.6487
Q serap 3281369.4934
Total 3748021.142 Total 3748021.142
0.000
B.4 FLASH DRUM
Feed Masuk dari Cooler I (gas)
T = 180 °C = 453 K
Tref = 25 °C = 298 K

H bahan masuk+ Q = H bahan keluar
Entalpi bahan masuk :

Entalpi bahan masuk= Entalpi keluar Cooler I
= 466651.6487
Feed Keluar dari Flash Drum ( liquid)

T = 45 °C = 318 K
Tref = 25 °C = 298 K 1
Panas Keluar Flash Drum menuju Distilasi

Komponen Mol (kgmol/jam) ∫ Cp dT (J/kmol) ∆H (kJ/Jam)
IPA 1.6107 12947137.7343 20853.7906
H2O 50.6618 5130488.0235 259919.6220
Acetone 0.0574 2677384.0933 153.5521
H2 1.0111 20155633.0600 20380.0510
TOTAL 301307.0157
∆H2 = 301307.0157 kJ/Jam
Treff
Feed Keluar dari Flash Drum (gas) 3
T = 45 °C = 318 K
Tref = 25 °C = 298 K Treff
Panas Keluar Flash Drum menuju Scrubber

Komponen Mol (kgmol/jam) ∫CpdT (kal/mol) ∆H (kJ/Jam)
IPA 0.0725 163.9396 49.7478
H2O 3.7621 154.1183 2425.9497
Acetone 9.2541 42.4685 1644.3479
H2 0.0235 130.0943 12.7776
TOTAL 4132.8230
∆H3 = 4132.8230 kJ/Jam
4
Total Panas Kelua= ∆H2 + ∆H3 Treff

= 301307.0157 + 4132.8230
= 305439.8387 kJ/Jam
Neraca Energi total
H bahan masuk = H bahan keluar + Qloss

466651.6487 = 305439.8387 + Qloss
Q loss = 161211.8100 kJ/Jam
Neraca Energi Flash Drum COMPRESSO
Masuk (kJ/jam) Keluar (kJ/jam)
Gas dan Liquid dari Reaktor Menuju Tangki Destilasi 1. Feed Masuk
IPA 12371.7718 IPA 20853.7906
H2O 5199.2971 H2O 259919.6220
Acetone 215076.5131 Acetone 153.5521
H2 234004.0666 H2 20380.0510
466651.6487 301307.0157
Menuju Scrubber
IPA 49.7478
H2O 2425.9497 Komponen
Acetone 1644.3479 IPA
H2 12.7776 H2O
4132.8230 Acetone
Q loss 161211.8100 H2
Total 466651.6487 Total 466651.6487 Total
Panas Masuk Flash Drum Tekanan Masu

Komponen Mol (kgmol/jam) ∫CpdT (kkal/kmol) ∆H (kJ/Jam) Tekanan Kelua
IPA 1.6832 1756.7132 12371.7718
H2O 1.0346 1201.0934 5199.2971
Acetone 54.4239 944.5207 215076.5131
H2 9.3115 1027.6421 40036.1466
TOTAL 272683.7286
∆H1 = ∆H IPA + ∆H H2O + ∆H Aceton + ∆H H2 + ∆H N2
= ### + 5199.2971 + 215076.5131 + 40036.1466
= 272683.7286 kJ/Jam
T keluar
T reff
T keluar
T reff
B.5 Scrubber HEATER II
1. Feed Masuk
Neraca Panas total Feed Masuk dar
∆H1 + ∆H2 = ∆H3 + ∆H4 + Q T
Tref
Keterangan :
∆H1 = Panas bahan masuk Feed Masuk dar
∆H2 = Panas yang terkandung pada H2O masuk T
∆H3 = Panas yang terkandung pada produk bawah
∆H4 = Panas yang terkandung pada produk atas Enthalphi bahan
suhu bahan masuk = 45 °C = 318.15 K

suhu produk keluar = 31 °C = 304.15 K
suhu air masuk = 30 °C = 303.15 K Enthalphi bahan
T
T ref
Panas bahan masuk dari Flash Drum (∆H1) Perhitungan Pa
T = 45 °C = 318.15 K Komponen
Treff = 25 °C = 298.15 K IPA
H2O
Komponen Mol (kgmol/jam) ∫CpdT (kal/mol) ∆H (kJ/Jam) Aceton
IPA 0.0725 163.9396 49.7478 H2
H2O 0.0235 154.1183 15.1372 Total
Acetone 3.7621 42.4685 668.4888
H2 9.2541 130.0943 5037.1558
TOTAL 5770.5296
∆H1 = 5770.5296 kJ/jam
Panas yang terkandung pada H2O masuk (∆H2)

T = 30 °C = 303.15 K
Treff = 25 °C = 298.15 K
Komponen Mol (kgmol/jam) ∫ Cp dT (J/kmol) ∆H (kJ/Jam)

H20 12.3865 1356060.0919 16796.7985
Total 16796.7985
∆H2 = 16796.7985 kJ/jam
Panas yang terkandung pada produk bawah (∆H3)
T = 30 °C = 303.15 K
Treff = 25 °C = 298.15 K

IPA 4.3512 0.0725 3518079.7367 255.1294
H2O 223.3790 12.4099 1356060.0919 16828.6283
Aceton 218.1828 3.7618 675799.4285 2542.2037
Total 445.9129 16.2442 5549939.2570 19625.9614
∆H3 = 19625.9614 kJ/jam
Panas yang terkandung pada produk atas (∆H4)

T = 35 °C = 308.15 K
Treff = 25 °C = 298.15 K
Komponen Mol (kgmol/jam) ∫CpdT (kal/mol) ∆H (kJ/Jam)

IPA 0.0000 79.7050 0.0024
H2O 0.0000 77.0338 0.0008
Acetone 0.0004 18.1520 0.0286
H2 9.2541 64.9397 2514.4162
TOTAL 2514.4479
∆H4 = 2514.4479 kJ/jam
Neraca Panas Total

∆H1 + ∆H2 = ∆H3 + ∆H4 + Q
5770.5296 + 16796.7985 = 19625.9614 + 2514.4479 + Q
Q = 426.9188 kJ/jam
Neraca Panas Scrubber

Panas Masuk (kJ/jam) Panas Keluar (kJ/jam)
∆H1 = 5770.5296 ∆H3 = 19625.9614
∆H2 = 16796.7985 ∆H4 = 2514.4479
Q = 426.9188
Total 22567.3281 Total 22567.3281
COMPRESSOR II
1. Feed Masuk
Feed Keluar dari Scrubber (gas)
T = 35 °C = 308 K
Tref = 25 °C = 298 K
P1 = 1 atm = 760 mmHg

P2 = 3 atm = 2280 mmHg
Perhitungan Panas
IPA 0.0000 0.0000 79.7050 0.0000
H2O 0.0000 0.0000 77.0338 0.0000
Acetone 0.0004 0.0000 18.1520 0.0005
H2 9.2541 4.6271 64.9397 1257.2081
Total 9.2545 4.6271 239.8305 1257.2087
Tekanan Keluar (P2) = 50 atm
Suhu Masuk = 35 0
C = 308.15 0K
R = 8.314 J/mol0K
Komponen Cp Cv = Cp-R
IPA 22.4078 14.0938
H2O 75268.4486 75268.4486
Acetone 128157.2931 128157.2931
H2 13984918659.6878 13984918659.6878
Total 13985122107.8374 13985122099.5234
Ɣ = Cp/ Cv = 1.0000
Ep = 80% Maka suhu keluar kompressor (T2) :
(Ɣ-1) n = 1 P2 m
m =
Ɣ.Ep (1 - m)
T2 = T1
P1 ( )
= 0.00000 = 1.0000
= 308.2
50
1 ( 0.0000
)
= 308.1500 0K
= 35.0000 C
0
T keluar = 35.0000 0
C = 308.1500 0K
T reff = 25 0
C = 298.15 0
K
T keluar = 35.0000 0
C = 308.1500 0K
T reff = 25 0
C = 298.15 0
K
Komponen Kg Kmol Cp.dT ∆H (kJ/Jam)

IPA 0.0000 0.0000 22.4078 0.0000
H2O 0.0000 0.0000 75268.4486 0.0411
Acetone 0.0004 0.0000 128157.2931 3.4781
H2 9.2541 4.6271 13984918659.6878 270742937394.7860
Total 270742937398.3050
W = H keluar - H masuk
= 270742937398.3050 - 1257.2087
= 270742936141.0960 cal/mol0K

Masuk (KJ/Jam) Keluar (KJ/Jam)
*Komponen *Komponen
IPA 0.0000 IPA 0.0000
H2O 0.0000 H2O 0.0411
Acetone 0.0005 Acetone 3.4781
H2 1257.2081 H2 270742937394.7860
TOTAL 1257.2087 TOTAL 270742937398.3050
*W Kompresi 270742936141.0960
TOTAL 270742937398.3050 TOTAL 270742937398.3050
HEATER II
1. Feed Masuk (LIQUID)
Feed Masuk dari Flash Drum
= 45 °C = 318 K
Tref = 25 °C = 298 K
Feed Masuk dari Scrubber

= 30 °C = 303 K
Enthalphi bahan masuk = Enthalpi keluar flash drum + enthalpi keluar scrubber
= 320932.9771 kJ/jam
Enthalphi bahan keluar :

= 58.365 C = 331.515 K
T ref = 25 C = 298.15 K
Perhitungan Panas
IPA 100.9924 1.6832 20069177.3428 33780.5764
H2O 241.5794 13.4211 8154010.0296 109435.5977
Aceton 3156.5657 54.4235 4429499.6688 241069.0785
H2 0.1147 0.0574 150413483.3306 8626.4439
Total 3499.2522 69.5852 183066170.3718 392911.6965
∆H2 = 392911.6965 kJ/jam
Neraca Panas Total

H bahan masuk + Q supply = H bahan keluar + Q loss
320932.9771 + Q supply = 392911.6965 + Q loss

Qloss = 3788.3536553 kJ/jam
396700.0502 = 396700.0502
0
Kebutuhan Steam
Dipakai steam dengan tekanan 4.5 bar (Ulrich 429)
Maka suhu yang diperlukan = 148 oC = 421.15 K (Ulrich 426)
= 298.4 o
F
λ Steam = 2119.5 kJ/kg

Msteam = Qsteam
λ Steam
= 75767.0731 kJ/jam
2119.5 kJ/kg
= 35.7476 kg
Neraca Panas Heater II

Feed dari Flash Drum Menuju Destilasi I
IPA 20853.7906 IPA 33780.5764
H2O 259919.6220 H2O 109435.5977
Acetone 153.5521 Aceton 241069.0785
H2 20380.0510 H2 8626.4439
301307.0157 392911.6965
Feed dari Scrubber
IPA 255.1294 Q loss 3788.35365528599
H2O 16828.6283
Aceton 2542.2037
19625.9614
Q supplay 75767.07310572
Total 396700.0502 Total 396700.0502
B.6 DISTILASI 1
H bahan Keluar + Q reboiler = H bahan keluar + Q kondenser + Q loss

F.Hf + Qreboiler = D.Hd + B.Hb + Q kondenser + Q loss
Entalphi bahan masuk = Entalphi bahan keluar heater

= 392911.6965 kJ/jam
∆H masuk = Hf = 392911.6965 kJ/jam

Q kondensation = V hv - ((D hd ) - (L . Hl))
Menghitung V hv, D hd dan Ln+1 Hn+1

Neraca massa kondensor
komposisi Refluks Komposisi Distilat
Xd Laju mol laju massa Xd Laju mol laju massa
komponen
kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam
IPA 0 0 0 0 0 0
Acetone 0.9989473 71.596395 4152.590901 0.9989473 54.423546 3156.5656615
H2 0.0010527 0.0754483 0.1508965628 0.0010527 0.0573515 0.1147030661
H2O 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 1.0000 71.6718 4152.7418 1.0000 54.4809 3156.6804
Data temperatur hasil perhitunngan

Temperatur destilat = 70 °C = 343.15 K
Temperatur refluks = 70 °C = 343.15 K
Temperatur uap = 97.192 °C = 370.342 K
T reff = 25 °C = 298.15 K
Panas Vapor KONDENSOR
komponen kgmol ∫ Cp dT (J/kmol) ΔHvap (kJ/kmol) ∆H (kJ/Jam)
IPA 0 25410731.710241 39.9 0
Acetone 126.019941 10553095.328772 29.1 1333567.6282
H2 0.13279981 5932111.2201563 0.904 787.9033201
H2O 0 493399691.5725 40.66 0
TOTAL 1334355.5315
Menghitung enthalpi Distilat (D.Hd)

komponen kgmol ∫ Cp dT (J/kmol) ∆H (kJ/Jam)
IPA 0.0000 25410731.7102 0
Acetone 54.4235 5932111.2202 322846.527205995
H2 0.0574 493399691.5725 28297.2287074168
H2O 0.0000 10553095.3288 0
351143.755913412
Menghitung enthalpi Refluks (L.Hl)

IPA 0.0000 25410731.7102 0
Acetone 71.5964 5932111.2202 424717.777185866
H2 0.0754 493399691.5725 37226.1587607715
H2O 0.0000 10553095.3288 0
461943.935946637
Kebutuhan pend
suhu pendingin
Q kondensor = V Hv - D Hd - L Hl suhu pendingin
= 1334355.5315 - 351143.75591 - 461943.93595 Cp pendingin
= 521267.8396 kJ/jam Q kondensor
Kebutuhan pendingin :
suhu pendingin masuk = 30 C
suhu pendingin keluar = 45 C
Cp pendingin = 1 kkal/kg C = 4.184 kJ
Q kondensor = m Cp ∆T
m = Q kondensor
Cp. ∆T
= 521267.8396
4.184
= 124586.0037352 Kg
Entalpi bahan k
Entalpi bahan keluar (bottom) komponen
komponen kgmol ∫ Cp dT (J/kmol) ∆H (kJ/Jam) IPA
IPA 1.6832 35304585.64432 59424.9197925848 H2O
Aceton 0.0000 15432041.58299 0
H2 0.0000 9368259.632741 0
H2O 13.4211 3249782427.239 43615580.6968938
43675005.6166864 Neraca Energi t
H bahan masuk
Neraca Energi total

H bahan masuk + Qreboiler = H bahan keluar + Q kondensor + Q loss
Qreboiler = 46478426.8586377
Qloss = 2323921.34293188 Kebutuhan Stea
dipakai steam p
Kebutuhan Steam : λ Steam
dipakai steam pada tekanan 4.5 atm dan suhu 148 C ( Ulrich )
λ Steam = = 2119.5 kJ/kg Qsteam
Msteam
= Qsteam
Msteam
λ Steam
= 46478426.8586 kJ/jam
2119.5 kJ/kg
= 21928.9582 kg Neraca Energi
Kompo
Neraca Energi Liquid dari Dist
Komponen masuk Komponen Keluar IPA
Liquid dari Heater II Produk atas H2O
IPA 33780.5764 Acetone 322846.527205995
H2O 109435.5977 H2 28297.2287074168
Aceton 241069.0785 Q reboiling
H2 8626.4439
Produk Bawah
IPA 59424.9197925848
H2O 43615580.6968938
total
Q condensation 521267.8396
Q reboiling 46478426.8586377 Q loss 2323921.34293188
total 46871338.5552 total 46871338.5552
0.0000
B.6 DISTILASI 1I
H bahan Keluar + Q reboiler = H bahan keluar + Q kondenser + Q loss

F.Hf + Qreboiler = D.Hd + B.Hb + Q kondenser + Q loss
Entalphi bahan masuk = Entalphi bahan keluar heater

= 43675005.6167 kJ/jam
∆H masuk = Hf = 43675005.6167 kJ/jam

Q kondensation = V hv - ((D hd ) - (L . Hl))
Menghitung V hv, D hd dan Ln+1 Hn+1

Neraca massa kondensor
komposisi Refluks Komposisi Distilat
Xd Laju mol laju massa Xd Laju mol laju massa
komponen
kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam
IPA 0.714962 15.292314 917.53886465 0.714962 0 100.99240998
H2O 0.285038 6.0966759 109.7401667 0.285038 12.750023 12.078969441
Total 1.0000 21.3890 1027.2790 1.0000 12.7500 113.0714
Data temperatur hasil perhitunngan

Temperatur destilat = 75 °C = 348.15 K
Temperatur refluks = 75 °C = 348.15 K
Temperatur uap = 100.002 °C = 373.152 K
T reff = 25 °C = 298.15 K
Menghitung enthalpi vapor (Hv)
komponen kgmol ∫ Cp dT (J/kmol) ΔHvap (kJ/kmol) ∆H (kJ/Jam)
IPA 16.9755212 27485345.145833 39.9 467255.38372
H2O 6.76772979 750606332.65 40.66 5080176.0107
TOTAL 5547431.3944
Menghitung enthalpi Distilat (D.Hd)

IPA 1.6832 27485345.1458 46263.5207567029
H2O 0.6711 11522946.0479 7732.5173987998
53996.0381555027
Menghitung enthalpi Refluks (L.Hl)

IPA 15.2923 27485345.1458 420314.53966167
H2O 6.0967 11522946.0479 70251.6677879839
490566.207449653
Q kondensor = V Hv - D Hd - L Hl
= 5547431.3944 - 53996.0381555 - 490566.20745
= 5002869.1488
Kebutuhan pendingin :
suhu pendingin masuk = 30 C
suhu pendingin keluar = 45 C
Cp pendingin = 1 kkal/kg C = 4.184 kJ
Q kondensor = m Cp ∆T
m = Q kondensor
Cp. ∆T
= 5002869.1488
4.184
= 1195714.423702 Kg
Entalpi bahan keluar
IPA 0.0000 36150966.67114 0
H2O 229.5004 3785242234.274 868714680.187806
868714680.187806
Neraca Energi total

H bahan masuk + Qreboiler = H bahan keluar + Q kondensor + Q loss
Qreboiler = 873785831.324256
Qloss = 43689291.5662128
Kebutuhan Steam :
dipakai steam pada tekanan 17 atm dan suhu 204 C ( Ulrich )
λ Steam = = 911.58 BTU/lb
= 2120.19 kJ/kg
= Qsteam
Msteam
λ Steam
= 873785831.3243 kJ/jam
2120.18716931217 kJ/kg
= 412126.7424 kg
Neraca Energi
Komponen masuk Komponen Keluar
Liquid dari Distilasi I Produk atas
IPA 59424.9198 IPA 46263.5208
H2O 43615580.6969 H2O 7732.5174
43675005.6167 53996.0382
Q reboiling 873785831.3243 Produk Bawah

H2O 868714680.1878
Q condensation 5002869.1488
Q loss 43689291.5662
total 917460836.9409 total 917460836.9409
COOLER I
Feed masuk dari Reaktor (gas)
Enthalpi bahan masuk = Enthalpi keluar reaktor
= 53996.0382 kJ/Jam
T masuk = 75 °C = 348.15 K
T keluar = 30 °C = 303.15 K
T ref = 25 °C = 298.15 K
Perhitungan Enthalpi bahan keluar cooler

KomponenMol (kmol/jam) ∫ Cp dT (J/kmol) ∆H (kJ/Jam)
IPA 1.6832 3518079.7367 5921.6559
H2 O 0.6711 1356060.0919 909.9894
Total 2.3543 4874139.8286 6831.6452
∆H1 = 6831.6452 kJ/Jam

Panas bahan masuk = panas bahan keluar + Qserap
53996.0382 = 6831.6452 + Qserap
Qserap = 47164.3929 kJ/Jam
Perhitungan kebutuhan air pendingin

suhu air pendingin masuk = 30 °C (Ulrich :427)
suhu air pendingin keluar = 45 °C (Ulrich :427)
Cp air pendingin = 1 kkal/kg° = 4.184
Qserap = m. Cp. ∆T
m = Q serap = 47164.3929 = 11272.56 kg
Cp.∆T 4.184
Neraca Energi
Komponen Masuk Komponen Keluar
Dari reaktor Menuju Cooler II
IPA 46263.5208 IPA 5921.6559
H2O 7732.5174 H2O 909.9894
Q serap 47164.3929
Total 53996.038 Total 53996.038
1. Kolom Destilasi
Fungsi : Memisahkan Acetone dari campuran

Tipe : Sieve tray column
Kondisi operasi :
P operasi = 760 mmHg = 14.7 psi = 1 atm
T operasi = 58.365 C
BM campuran = 55.2944 kg/kgmol
Rminimum = 0.8770
Roptimum = 1.316
L = 71.6718 kmol = 3963.0508 kg = 8737.0210 lb
V = 126.1527 kmol = 6975.5387 kg = 15378.4122 lb
D = 54.4809 kmol = 3012.4880 kg = 6641.3912 lb
F = 69.5852 kmol = 3847.6701 kg = 8482.6505 lb
Komponen di dalam Distilasi

Feed Destilat Bottom
Komponen
Kmol Kmol Kmol
IPA 1.6832 0 1.6832
Acetone 54.4235 54.4235 0
H2 0.0574 0.0574 0
H2O 13.4211 0 13.4211
Total 69.5852 54.4809 13.4211
Menentukan Jumlah Plate pada kondisi reflux minimum :
1 minimum stage for total reflux :
menggunakan persamaan 11.7-13 Geankoplis 4th edition,
Nm = log[(XLD D/XHD D) (XHW W/XLW W)]
log ( αL, av)
dengan : XLD = fraksi mol light key pada distilat
XLW = fraksi mol light keypada bottom
XHD = fraksi mol heavy key pada distilat
XHW = fraksi mol heavy key pada bottom
αL, av = √αLD .αL (Geankoplis, pers 11.7-13)

dengan : αL,av = αL rata-rata
αLD = α pada temperatur bagian atas (dew point)
αLW = α pada temperatur bottom
berdasarkan perhitungan pada neraca massa, didapatkan :
1. Penentuan jumlah Stage

Menentukan jumlah stage minimum ( Nmin ) dengan persamaan Fenske :
Dari appendix A, diperoleh Nmin = 7
Menentukan Rmin dengan persamaan Underwood :
Dari appendix A, diperoleh Rmin = 0.1881
Menentukan jumlah stage kesetimbangan dengan persamaan Gillilard :
Rop / R,dari appendix A = 1.5
Metode Gilliland :
dari persamaan 13-28, Henley and Seader Ed.2 :
R - Rmin 1.5000 - 0.1881

X = = = 0.5248
R + 1 1.5000 + 1
0.5668
( )
N - N min R - R min
N+1
= 0.75 ( 1 -
R+1
)
0.5668
N - N min
- 7
N - N min
+ 1
= 0.75 ( 1 - 0.5248 )
N - 7 = 0.2296 N + 0.2296
0.7704 N = 7
N = 9 stage
Menghitung effisiensi tray :

dari appendix A, diperoleh :
Tdew distilat = 338.01 oK = 64.86 oC
Tbubble bottom = 372.88 oK = 99.73 oC
Tdew + Tbubble
Trata2 = = 82.2957 oK
2
pada Trata2 = 82.2957 o
K
μ campuran = Σ ( Wi . μi ) = 0.007509
Dari appendix A :
αi rata-rata = αi = 3.7875
( αi rata-rata = relative volatility dari komponen kunci)
berdasarkan Chopey, fig. 8-16,

untuk μ campuran = 0.007509 kg / m.s , harga effisiensi tray = Eo = 0.80
N - 1 9.384 - 1
jumlah stage ( tray ) ak = =
Eo 0.80
= 10.4801
= 11 buah
Menentukan lokasi feed stage dengan persamaan Kirk - Bride :

NR ZHK,F XLK,B 2 D 0.206
=
NS ZLK,F XHK,D B ( Henley & Seader, pers.12-42 )
0.1929 0.0000 2 54.4809 0.206

NR =
0.0008 0.0000 13.4211
= #DIV/0! NS
Dimana : NR : jumlah stage pada bagian rectifying
NS : jumlah stage pada bagian stripping
Dimana : NR : jumlah stage pada bagian rectifying
NS : jumlah stage pada bagian stripping
N = NR + NS
11 = #DIV/0! NS + NS
11 = #DIV/0! NS
NS = #DIV/0!
NR = #DIV/0!
jadi, lokasi feed masuk pada tray ke ### ( dari atas )
2. Perhitungan Diameter Distilasi :

Perhitungan didasarkan pada 70% flooding (Van Winkle : T-14.2)
F = 10772 kg = 23753 lb
Top ( bagian atas kolom distilasi )

Tatas = 338.01 oK = 64.86 o
C = 608 o
R
BM campuran = 29.49 lb/lbmol
ρL = ρi.xi = 51.74 lb/cuft
Poperasi x BMcampuran ( asumsi gas ideal )

ρV campuran =
R . T
= 0.0664 lb/cuft
dimana : R = 10.73 psi ft3 / lbmol oR
V atas = 12950.3597 kg = 28555.5432 lb

L atas = 2849.3385 kg = 6282.7915 lb
V 28555.5432
Qv = =
ρ 0.0664
= 430127.244 cuft/jam
= 119.480 cuft/dt
Bottom ( bagian bawah kolom distilasi )

Tbawah = 372.88 oK = 99.73 o
C = 671 o
R
BM campuran = 18.05 lb/lbmol
ρL = ρi.xi = 62.42 lb/cuft
Poperasi x BMcampuran ( asumsi gas ideal )

ρV campuran =
R . T
= 0.0368 lb/cuft
L' bawah = L + (q x F)
= 6282.7915 + 1.1 x 23752.6524 = 33532.865 lb
V' bawah = V + (1-q)F

= 28555.5432 + -0.147 x 23752.6524 = 25058.122 lb
V 25058.1222
Qv = =
ρv 62.4200
= 401.444 cuft/jam
= 0.112 cuft/dt
Top Bottom
1. ρV ρV
PF = L 0.5 1. PF = L' 0.5
V ρL V' ρL
6282.8 0.0368 0.5 33532.9 0.0368 0.5
= =
28555.54 51.742 25058.12 62.420
= 0.0059 = 0.0325
asumsi tray spacing = 18 in asumsi tray spacing = 18 in
2. PC = 0.30 (Van Winkle,fig.13.21) 2. PC = 0.28 (Van Winkle,fig.13.21)

( dimana sumbu y menunjukkan PC ) ( dimana sumbu y menunjukkan PC )
3. Untuk 100 % flood : 3. Untuk 100 % flood :

ρL - ρV 0.5 ρL - ρV 0.5
UVN = ( PC )corr UVN = ( PC )corr
ρV ρV
51.676 0.5 62.383 0.5
= 0.30 = 0.28
0.0664 0.0368
= 8.3698 fps = 11.5210 fps
4. Untuk 70 % flood : 4. Untuk 70 % flood :

QV QV
AN = AN =
UVN x 0.7 UVN x 0.7
119.4798 0.1115
= =
8.3698 x 0.7 11.5210 x 0.7
= 20.3929 ft2 = 0.0138 ft2
asumsi : Ad = 0.10 A asumsi : Ad = 0.10 A
5. A = AN + ( 2 Ad ) 5. A = AN + ( 2 Ad )
= AN + ( 0.20 A ) = AN + ( 0.20 A )
AN AN
A = A =
0.8 0.8
20.3929 0.0138
= =
0.8 0.8
= 25.4911 ft2 = 0.0173 ft2
6. D = A 0.5 6. D = A 0.5
π/4 π/4
= 25.4911 0.5 = 0.0173 0.5
π/4 π/4
= 5.6985 ft = 0.1484 ft
Diambil diameter kolom distilasi = 5.8469 ft = 1.7821 m

maka diperoleh :
π 2 π 2
A = D = 5.8469 = 26.8360 ft2
4 4
Ad = 0.10 A = 0.10 x 26.8360 = 2.6835971 ft2
AN = A - 0.8 Ad
= 26.8360 - ( 0.8 x 2.6836 ) = 24.6891 ft2
Ah = 0.10 A = 0.10 x 26.8360 = 2.6836 ft2
cek % flood :
QV
% flood atas = x 100%
UVN x AN
119.4798
= x 100%
8.3698 x 25.5
= 56%
% flood QV
= x 100%
bawah UVN x AN
0.1115
= x 100%
11.5210 x 0.0138
= 70%
= 70%
Ad/A = 0.10 (memenuhi)

Ah/A = 0.10 (memenuhi)
An/A = 0.92 (memenuhi)
Dari hasil diatas digunakan tray jenis cross flow dengan data dari Van Winkle tabel 14.8:
tray diameter = 6 ft
dh (hole diameter) = 1/8 in
p (hole pitch) = 3
hw (weir length) = 1.5 in
tp gage (plate thickness) = 12 gage
= 0.0825 in
Dari Van Winkle ( tabel 14-10 ), untuk ( Ad / A ) = 0.1 , diperoleh :
lw / D = L / D = 0.7267
lw = L = panjang chord
= 0.7267 x D
= 0.7267 x 5.8469
= 4.2489 ft
H/D = 0.1565
H = tinggi chord = 0.1565 x D

= 0.1565 x 5.8469
= 0.9150 ft
3. Pressure Drop
Perhitungan didasarkan pada Van Winkle, halaman 594 - 595
∆ HT = β ( hw + how + β/2 ) + ho + hσ
lw = D x 0.7 = 5.8469 x 0.7 = 4.0928 ft
L = 6282.79 lb/jam
ρL = 51.742 lb/cuft
ρL' = 62.420 lb/cuft
L' = 33532.865 lb/jam
ρv campuran = 0.0664 lb / ft3
ρv' campuran = 0.0368 lb / ft3
L L'
QL = QL' =
ρL ρL
= 121.4255 cuft/jam = 537.21 cuft/jam
= 15.1387 gpm = 66.9771 gpm
QL 15.1387 ft QL' 66.9771 ft
= = 0.447 = = 1.976
lw 2.5
4.09 2.5 lw 2.5
4.09 2.5
Dari fig. 13-7 untuk lw/D = 0.7267

Fw = 1.02 Fw' = 1.05
how x Fw QL 0.67
= 0.48
lw
x 15.1387 0.67
= 0.48 1.02
4.093
= 1.176 ft
= 14.113 in
how' x Fw QL' 0.67

= 0.48
lw
x 66.9771 0.67
= 0.48 1.02
4.093
= 3.185 ft
= 38.224 in
hσ = 0.04 x σ
ρL x dh
σ = surface tension campuran

= P (ρL x ρv) 4 (Perry ed 7, pers 3-152)
Karena ρL >>>>ρV maka ρV diabaikan
dengan tabel 2-402 ; hal 2-373 perry ed 7, didapat P (parachor independent) = 209.5
ρL camp = 51.742 lb/cuft = 0.028 mol/cm3
ρL' camp = 62.420 lb/cuft = 0.019 mol/cm3
ρV = 0 (diasumsikan = 0, karena terlalu kecil jika dibandingkan dengan ρ liquid)
σ = ( 209.5 x 0.0281 ) 4 σ' = ( 209.5 x 0.0193 ) 4
= 1196.9573 dyne/cm = 267.3872 dyne/cm
dh = hole diameter = 1/8 in (Van Winkle, tabel 14.8)

maka :
0.04 x 1196.9573 0.04 x 267.3872

hσ = hσ' =
hσ = hσ' =
51.742 x 0.125 62.420 x 0.125
= 7.4026 in = 1.3708 in
ρv UVN 2
ho = 0.186 x x
ρL Co
Co = 0.7 (Van Winkle fig. 13-18)

dimana,
Ah/A = 0.1000
tp/dh = 0.66
maka :
0.0664 8.3698 2
ho = 0.186 x x
51.742 0.7
= 0.0341 in
0.0368 11.5210 2
ho' = 0.186 x x
62.420 0.7
= 0.0297 in
Fva = Uva x ρv 0.5
UVN + U'VN
Uva =
2
8.3698 + 11.5210
=
2
= 9.9454 fps
maka :
Fva = 9.9454 x 0.0664 0.5 = 2.5625
Fva' = 9.9454 x 0.0368 0.5 = 1.9091
Dari Fig. 13-16 Van Winkle diperoleh: : dimana, Fva = 2.6

Fva' = 1.9091
β = 0.58 β' = 0.60
∆ HT = β ( hw + how + β/2 ) + ho + hσ
maka pressure drop dari kolom distilasi ini :
∆HT = 0.58 ( 1.5 + 14.1133 + 0.29 ) + 0.0341 + 7.4026

= 16.661 in
∆HT' = 0.6 ( 1.5 + 38.2242 + 0.3 ) + 0.0297 + 1.3708

= 25.415 in
Liquid Back Up Downcomer: HD

HD = (∆ HT + ( hw + how + ho + hσ) + hd ( 1/ фd )
asumsi ɸd = 0.5
hd = QL 2.0 hd' = QL 2.0

0.03 0.03
100 Ad 100 Ad
hd = 121.4255 2.0 hd' = 537.2135 2.0

0.03 0.03
268.3597 268.3597
= 0.0061 ft = 0.1202 ft
= 0.0737 in = 1.4427 in
maka :
HD = 79.569 in H'D = 135.965 in
4. Menentukan Tinggi Kolom

a. Tinggi total tray
= (Σ tray - 1) x (tray spacing) + (jarak untuk lubang masuk feed)
ditetapkan jarak untuk lubang masuk feed = 0.5 ft = 6 in
Tinggi total tray = ( n - 1 ) x 18 + 6
= ( 11 - 1 ) x 18 + 6
= 186 in
b. Tinggi ruang kosong diatas tray ditetapkan = 1 ft

( 0,5 ft di atas lubang pemasukan feed; 0,5 ft di bawah lubang pemasukan feed )
c. Tinggi hold up cairan ( bagian bawah kolom )

ditetapkan waktu hold up, t = 8 menit = 480 sec.( Ulrich, p. 195 )
dimana ( untuk bagian bawah kolom ) :
L' = 33532.8648 lb / jam
ρL' = 62.4200 lb / ft3
A = 26.8360 ft2
D = 5.8469 ft
= 70.1625 in
Ditetapkan Sf = 1.5 in = 0.125 ft
Tinggi hold up cairan, h = Sf + 0.000049 D3
= 0.125 + 0.000049 x ( 5.8469 )3
= 0.1348 ft
π 2
Volume tutup bawah = D h
4
π
= x ( 5.8469 )2 x 0.1348
4
= 3.6173 ft3
d. Tinggi ruang kosong di atas hold up cairan = 1 ft
e. Menentukan tebal shell.

Menentukan P design :
P hidrostatis = ρL x g / gc x h
= 62.4200 x 1 x 0.1348
144
= 0.0584 Psia
P operasi = 14.7 Psia
P design diambil 10% lebih besar dari P operasi untuk faktor keamanan.
P = 1.1 x ( 14.7 + 0.0584 )
= 16.232512 Psia
Tebal shell berdasarkan ASME Code untuk cylindrical tank :
(Brownell, pers 13-1, hal 254)
Dengan :
tmin = tebal shell minimum ; in
P = tekanan tangki ; psia
ri = jari- jari tangki ; in= 1/2 x 70.16 = 35.081 in
C = faktor korosi ; in ( digunakan 1/8 in )
E = faktor pengelasan, digunakan double welded, E = 0,8
f = stress allowable, bahan konstruksi carbon steel SA - 299 C-Mn-Si
f = 18750 psi ( Brownell, T.13-1)
Tebal Shell = Pi.ri ( Brownell,pers.13.1)

+ C
f.E-0,6.P
16.23 x 35.0813
= + 0.125
= + 0.125
18750 x 80% - 0.6 x 16.23
569.46
= + 0.125
15000 - 9.7395074882256
569.457
= + 0.125
14990.2604925118
= 0.1630 in
= 3/16 in
f. Tebal Tutup Bejana

Untuk D = 70.163 in dengan ts = 3/16 in,
dari Brownell tabel 5.7 didapat :
icr 5 1/8 in dan rc = 78 in
Tebal standart torispherical dished :
dengan :
th = tebal dished minimum ; in
P = tekanan tangki ; psi
rc = knuckle radius ; in (B&Y, T-5,7)
E = faktor pengelasan, digunakan double welded, E = 0,8
C = faktor korosi = 0.125
f = stress allowable, bahan konstruksi carbon steel SA - 299 C-Mn-Si
f = 18750 psi ( Brownell, T.13-1)
th = 0.885 x 16.23 x 78
+ 0.125
(18750 x 0.8) - ( 0.1 x 16.233 )
= 0.1343 in
= 2/16 in
g. Penentuan dimensi tutup, dished :
icr b
OA
sf
ID
r t
a
C
ID
a r t
Menghitung tinggi tutup atas (OA)

OA = b + sf + t
Dimana b = r - (BC2 - AB2)0,5
BC = r - icr
AB = 1/2 Di - icr
maka BC = 78 - 5 1/8 = 72.9 in
AB = 35.08 - 5 1/8 = 30.0 in
b = 78 - ( 72.9 2 - 30.0 2) 0.5

= 11.5667 in
sf = 1.5 in (Tabel 5.6 Brownell & Young)
t = 2/16 in
Tinggi tutup = b + sf + th
= 11.5667 + 1 1/2 + 2/16
= 13.201 in
Tinggi tutup atas = Tinggi tutup bawah
h. Tinggi Kolom Keseluruhan

Tinggi untuk tempat plate = 186.0000 in = 15.5000 ft
Tinggi liquid back up = 215.53 in = 17.9611 ft
Tinggi tutup = 26.4020 in = 2.2002 ft
Tinggi feed masuk = 1 ft
Tinggi liquid hold up = 0.135 ft
Tinggi refluk masuk = 2 ft ( 1 ft reboiler + 1 ft kondensor )
Total Ketinggian Tower = 38.7961 ft

= 11.825 m
Spesifikasi Alat :
Fungsi = Memisahkan Acetone dari campuran
Type = Sieve tray column
Diameter = 5.847 ft
Tebal shell = 3/16 in
Tebal tutup atas = 2/16 in
Tebal tutup bawah = 2/16 in
Tinggi tangki = 38.796 ft
Bahan konstruksi = Carbon steel SA - 299 C-Mn-Si
Jumlah Plate Aktual = 11 Buah
Feed pada plate ke = #DIV/0! (dari atas)
Kondensor Destilasi
Fungsi = merubah fase bahan setelah keluar dari kolom Destilasi 1

Tipe = 1 - 2 shell and tube heat exchanger
Dasar pemilihan = permukaan perpindahan panas yang luas
Jumlah = 1 buah
Perhitungan :
T1 = 30 o
C = 86 o
F
t1 = 64.86 oC t2 = 32.00 oC
= 148.75 oF = 90 o
F
T2 = 45 o
C = 113 o
F
Perhitungan :
1. Data dari neraca Massa dan neraca panas diperoleh :
Berat Bahan = 12950.360 kg/jam = 28550.661 lb/jam
Panas yang diserap; Q = 139713.016 kkal/jam
= 554101.819 Btu/jam
Air yang digunakan = 9314.201 kg/jam
= 20534.088 lb/jam
W Fluida panas = 12950.360 kg/jam = 28550.661 lb/jam
2. Penentuan ΔTLMTD
hot fluida cold fluida diff.
149 higher temp. 113 36
90 lower temp. 86 4
59 27 32
Δt1 - Δt2
Δt LMTD =
Δt1
In
Δt2
36 - 4
Δt LMTD = = 14.005 o
F
36
In
4
R = Hot Fluid = 59
Cold Fluid 27
= 2.1908
S = t2 - t1 = 113 - 86
T1 - t1 149 - 86
= 0.4303
FT = 0.8 (Fig.18 Kern : 828)
ΔT = FT x LMTD (untuk 3-6 shell and tube)

= 0.800 x 14.005
= 11.204 ˚F
3. Tc dan tc
Tc = Tav bahan
T1 + T2 149 + 90 ( μ = 0.36 )
Tc = = = 119 o
F
2 2
tc = tcav air
t +t 113 + 86 ( μ = 0.73 )
tc = 1 2 = = 100 o
F
2 2
Dipilih tipe : 1-2 Heat Exchanger

Digunakan Shell and Tube dengan ukuran :
OD, BWG = 3/4 in 16 BWG
Pitch = 1 in Square Pitch
Panjang Tube = 15.0 ft
Dari Tabel 10 Kern diperoleh

ID = 0.620 in
a"t = 0.302 in2
a" = 0.1623 ft2/ft panjang
Harga UD = 250 - 500 Btu/jam ft °F
(Kern, T.8)
Dipilih UD = 250 Btu/jam ft °F
A = Q/UD x ΔT
= 554101.819
250 x 11.20
= 197.822 ft2
Jumlah Tube (Nt) = A/a" x L

= 197.822
0.1623 x 15.000
= 81.258 buah = 82 buah
Dipilih pipa ukuran standart (Kern T.9)

Untuk pipa 3/4 "OD 12 BWG dengan jarak Tube 82 buah
diperoleh :
ID Shell 25 in
Phases 4
Fluida Panas (Shell side ) Fluida Dingin ( tube side )

Bahan Air
4. Flow area ( as ) 4. Flow area ( ab )
as = ID . C' . B at = Nt x at
144 PT 144 n
ID = 25 in
asumsi : B = 2 ID = 50 in Kern, tabel 10 = 1 OD 16 BWG
C' = PT - OD at' = 0.3020 in2
= 2 - 1 = 1 at = 82 x 0.3020
PT = 2 144 x 4
25 x 1.00 x 50 = 0.0430 ft2
as =
144 x 2
= 4.3403 ft2
5. Kecepatan massa ( Gs ) 5. Kecepatan massa ( Gs )

W W
Gs = Gs =
as as
W bahan = 12950.3597 kg W air = 9314.2010 kg
= 28550.6609 lb = 20534.0876 lb
28550.6609 20534.0876
Gs = Gs =
4.3403 0.0430
= 6578.0723 lb / jam ft2 = 477614.0550 lb / jam ft2
6 pada Tc = 119 oF Gt
V =
μ = 0.36 cps 3600 x ρ
= 0.8712 lb / jam.ft 477614.0550
=
Di = 0.95 in ( Kern, fig. 28 ) 3600 x 62.5
= 0.0792 ft = 2.1227 fps
De x Gs
Res =
μ 6. pada tc = 100 oF
0.0792 x 6578.0723 μ = 0.730 cps
=
0.8712 = 1.7666 lb / jam.ft
= 597.7549
Di = 0.62 in ( Kern,Tabel 10 )
7. jH = 1000 ( fig. 28 ) = 0.0517 ft
Di x Gt
Ret =
8. pada Tc = 119 F
o μ
Cp = 0.550 Btu / lb.oF (Kern, Fig.3) 0.0517 x 477614.05
=
k = 0.1489 Btu / lb.oF (Kern,Fig. 1) 1.7666
Cp. μ 1/3 0.550 x 0.871 = 13968.4853
=
k 0.1489
= 1.4764 7 Hio = 4000 (Fig. 25)
Hio = ID
Hi x
µw = 1 (standart) OD
φs = (µ/µw)0,14 = x 0.62
4000
= 0.867 1.00
Hio = 2480 Btu/j ft2 oF
9 ho (Kern;168)
= JH x (k/De) x(c x μ / k )1/3 x φs
= 2406.744 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
10. UC = hio x ho / hio + ho

= 2480 x 2406.74 / 2480 + 2406.74
= 1221.41 Btu/j ft2 oF
11. UD = Q / (A x Δt LMTD)
= 554101.8195
197.82 x 11.204
= 250 Btu/j ft2 oF
Rd hitung = UC – UD / UC x UD
= 1221.41 - 250 / 1221.41 x 250
= 0.003 Btu/j ft2 oF
Rd perhitungan > Rd data (Kern ; T 12)
0.003 > 0.001 untuk media air
Pressure Drop
water : Tube side Bahan : Shell side
1. Re,t = 13968.485 1. Re,s = 597.755
f = 0.0005 ft /in 2 2
(Kern,Fig 26) f = 0.003 ft2/in2 (Kern,Fig 29)
s = 1.000 s = 0.03
2. ΔPt = f .Gt2 .L .n /5,22.1010.Ds. De' = 4 x as

= 0.00000 psi (Nt x p x (0,75/12)) + π
= 0.903 ft
3. Gt = 477614.0550 lb/j ft
2
No. of crosses, (N+1)
V2
= 0.0700
2g' 2'. N+1 = 12 L / B
4n V2 = 4
ΔPr = x
s 2g' Ds = 25 / 12
= 1.119 psi = 2.083 ft
4. ΔPT = ΔPt + ΔPr 3'. f.Gs2.Ds.(N+1)

ΔPs =
= 1.1195 psi 5,22.1010.De.s φs
ΔPT < 2 psi = 0.0008 psi
(memenuhi untuk gas) ΔPT < 2 psi
(memenuhi untuk liquid)
Spesifikasi Alat :
Fungsi = Condensor Destilat
Jumlah = 1 buah
Tube
OD = 3/4 OD 16 BWG
Panjang = 15.0 ft
Jumlah Tube = 82 Buah
Shell
ID = 25.000 in
Passes = 4
Bahan Konstruksi = Carbon Steel
Heat Exchanger Area = 197.822 ft
Reboiler Destilasi
Fungsi = memanaskan kembali bahan untuk destilasi

Jumlah = 1 buah
Perhitungan :
T1 = 300 o
C = 572 o
F
t1 = 99.7 o
C t2 = 99.84 oC
= 211.51 oF = 211.7 oF
T2 = 300 o
C = 572 o
F
Perhitungan :
1. Data dari neraca Massa dan neraca panas diperoleh :
Berat Bahan = 1933.794 kg/jam = 4263.287 lb/jam
Panas yang dibutuhkan; Q = 232710.614 kkal/jam
= 922930.294 Btu/jam
Steam yang digunakan = 357.000 kg/jam
= 787.042 lb/jam
W Fluida dingin = 1933.794 kg/jam = 4263.287 lb/jam
2. Penentuan ΔTLMTD
hot fluida cold fluida diff.
572 higher temp. 211.7 360.3
572 lower temp. 211.5 360.5
0 0.20 0.2
Δt1 - Δt2
Δt LMTD =
Δt1
In
Δt2
360- 360
Δt LMTD = = 360.387 o
F
360
In
360
R = Hot Fluid = 0
Cold Fluid 0
= 0.0000
S = t2 - t1 = 212 - 212
T1 - t1 572 - 212
= 0.0005
FT = 1.000 (Fig.18 Kern : 828)
ΔT = FT x LMTD (untuk 1-2 shell and tube)

= 1.000 x 360.387
= 360.387 ˚F
3. Tc dan tc
Tc = Tav steam
T1 + T2 572 + 572 ( μ =0.140 )
Tc = = = 572 o
F
2 2
tc = tcav bahan
t +t 212 + 212 ( μ =0.527 )
tc = 1 2 = = 212 o
F
2 2
Dipilih tipe : 1-2 Heat Exchanger

Digunakan Shell and Tube dengan ukuran :
OD, BWG = 3/4 in 16 BWG
Panjang Tube = 17.5 ft
Dari Tabel 10 Kern diperoleh

ID = 0.620 in
a"t = 0.302 in2
a" = 0.1963 ft2/ft panjang
Harga UD = 5 - 75 Btu/jam ft °F
(Kern, T.8)
Dipilih UD = 75 Btu/jam ft °F
A = Q/UD x ΔT
= 922930.294
75 x 360.39
= 34.146 ft2
Jumlah Tube (Nt) = A/a" x L

= 34.146
0.1963 x 17.500
= 9.940 buah = 10 buah
Dipilih pipa ukuran standart (Kern T.9)

Untuk pipa 3/4 "OD 12 BWG dengan jarak Tube 10 buah
diperoleh :
ID Shell 33 in
Phases 1
Fluida Dingin (Shell side ) Fluida Panas ( tube side )

Bahan Steam
4. Flow area ( as ) 4. Flow area ( ab )
as = ID . C' . B at = Nt x at
144 PT 144 n
ID = 33 in
asumsi : B = 2 ID = 66 in Kern, tabel 10 = 3/4 OD 16 BWG
C' = PT - OD at' = 0.3020 in2
= 2 - 3/4 = 1 1/4 at = 10 x 0.3020
PT = 2 144 x 1
33 x 1.25 x 66 = 0.0208 ft2
as =
144 x 2
= 9.4531 ft2
5. Kecepatan massa ( Gs ) 5. Kecepatan massa ( Gs )
W W
Gs = Gs =
as as
W bahan = 1933.7941 kg W steam = 357.0000 kg
= 4263.2869 lb = 787.0422 lb
4263.2869 787.0422
Gs = Gs =
9.4531 0.0208
= 450.9923 lb / jam ft2 = 37754.9052 lb / jam ft2
6 pada tc = 212 oF Gt
V =
μ = 0.53 cps 3600 x ρ
= 1.2751 lb / jam.ft 37754.9052
=
Di = 0.95 in ( Kern, fig. 28 ) 3600 x 8.085
= 0.0792 ft = 1.2972 fps
De x Gs
Res =
μ 6. pada Tc = 572 oF
0.0792 x 450.9923 μ = 0.140 cps
=
1.2751 = 0.3388 lb / jam.ft
= 28.0000
Di = 0.62 in ( Kern,Tabel 10 )
7. jH = 35 ( fig. 28 ) = 0.0517 ft
Di x Gt
Ret =
8. pada tc = 212 o
F μ
Cp = 0.550 Btu / lb.oF (Kern, Fig.3) 0.0517 x 37754.91
=
k = 0.1489 Btu / lb.oF (Kern,Fig. 1) 0.3388
Cp. μ 1/3 0.550 x 1.275 = 5757.5859
=
k 0.1489
= 1.6762572676 7 Hio = 320 (Fig. 25)
Hio = ID
Hi x
µw = 1 (standart) OD
φs = (µ/µw)0,14 = x 0.62
320
= 0.914 0.75
Hio = 265 Btu/j ft2 oF
9 ho (Kern;168)
= JH x (k/De) x(c x μ / k )1/3 x φs
= 100.880 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
10. UC = hio x ho / hio + ho
= 264.533 x 100.88 / 264.533 + 100.88
= 73.030 Btu/j ft F 2 o
11. UD = Q / (A x Δt LMTD)
= 922930.2935
34.15 x 360.387
= 75 Btu/j ft2 oF
Rd hitung = UC – UD / UC x UD
= 73.030 - 75 / 73.030 x 75
= 0.000 Btu/j ft2 oF
Rd perhitungan > Rd data (Kern ; T 12)
0.000 > 0.001 untuk media air
Pressure Drop
Steam : Tube side Bahan : Shell side
1. Re,t = 5757.586 1. Re,s = 28.000
f = 0.0005 ft2/in2 (Kern,Fig 26) f = 0.020 ft2/in2 (Kern,Fig 29)
s = 1.000 s = 0.8900
2. ΔPt = f .Gt2 .L .n /5,22.1010.Ds. De' = 4 x as

= 0.00077 psi (Nt x p x (0,75/12)) + π
= 7.428 ft
3. Gt = 37754.9052 lb/j ft2 No. of crosses, (N+1)
V2
= 0.0261
2g' 2'. N+1 = 12 L / B
4n V 2 = 3
ΔPr = x
s 2g' Ds = 33 / 12
= 0.105 psi = 2.750 ft
4. ΔPT = ΔPt + ΔPr 3'. f.Gs2.Ds.(N+1)

ΔPs =
= 0.1053 psi 5,22.1010.De.s φs
ΔPT < 2 psi = 0.000000 psi
(memenuhi untuk gas) ΔPT < 2 psi
Spesifikasi Alat :
Fungsi = Reboiler Destilasi
Jumlah = 1 buah
Tube
OD = 3/4 OD 16 BWG
Panjang = 17.5 ft
Jumlah Tube = 10 Buah
Shell
ID = 33.000 in
Passes = 1
Bahan Konstruksi = Carbon Steel
Heat Exchanger Area = 34.146 ft
BM Campuran
Komponen ij BM %mol
IPA 11 60 0.0289
H2O 22 18 0.0690
Acetone 33 58 0.9021
H2 44 2 0.0000
TOTAL 55.294389297444 1.0000
Cooling tower
Fungsi : Mendinginkan air pendingin yang sudah terpakai
Untuk keperluan ini digunakan cooling tower dengan spesifikasi sebagai berikut :
Kebutuhan cooling water = 784266.13 kg/jam

= 18822387.152 kg/hari
Densitas air = 1000 kg/m3
Volume air = Kebutuhan cooling water / densitas air
= 18822387.152 / 1000
= 18822.387 m3/hari
Dianggap kehilangan air pada waktu sirkulasi 10% dari total air pendingin.
Sihingga sirkulasi air pendingin adalah 90%.
Air yang disirkulas= 90% x 18822.387

= 16940.148 m3/hari
Air yang harus ditambahkan sebagai make up water :
= 10% x 18822.387
= 1882.2387 m3/hari
Jadi, total kebutuhan air (disirkulasi) sebesar :
18822.387 x 264.17
=
24 x 60
= 3452.9931 gpm
Perancangan Alat Cooling Tower

Fungsi : Mendinginkan air yang akan digunakan sebagai air pendingin
Jenis : Cross flow induced draft cooling tower
Rate volumetrik= 3452.9931 gpm

Digunakan udara sebagai pendingin dengan relative humidity 70%.
Suhu air masuk cooling tower (T1) = 45 oC = 113 oF
Suhu air keluar cooling tower (T2) = 30 o
C = 86 o
F
Diambil kondisi 70% relative humidity 30oC
T dry bulb = Tdb = 30 oC = 86 o
F
T wet bulb = Twb =
26 oC = 78.8 oF
Temperature Approach = T2 - Twb
= 86 - 78.8
= 7.2 oF
Temperature Range = T1 - T2
= 113 - 86
= 27 o
F
Konsentrasi air cooling water pada suhu 30o=C 2 gpm/ft2
(Perry 8ed fig 12-8c)
Total kebutuhan air
Luas area pendinginan =
Konsentrasi air cooling tower
3452.9931
=
2
= 1726.4965 ft2
Menghitung make up water

Aliran air sirkulasi masuk cooling tower (W = 18822.39 m3/hari
= 784.266131 m3/jam
Evaporation loss(We) 0.00085 x Wc (T1 - T2)
= 0.00085 x 784.266131 ( 113 - 86 )
= 17.9989 m3/jam (Perry 8ed pers 12-14c)
Water drift loss (Wd)
Air yang keluar karena fan berputar standartnya kurang dari 0.2% jumlah air yang
bersirkulasi. (Perry 8ed hal 12-20)
Wd = 0.0002 Wc
= 0.0002 x 784.266131
= 0.1569 m3/jam
Water blow down (Wb)
Air yang dibuang untuk menurunkan konsentrasi padatan dalam air sirkulasi :
S = rasio klorida dalam air sirkulasi terhadap air make up 3-5. Dipili 5
We - (siklus - 1)Wd (Perry 8ed pers 12-14e)
Wb =
siklus - 1
17.9989 - ( 5 - 1 ) 0.1569
=
5 - 1
= 17.8421 m3/jam
Jadi, air yang dibutuhkan untuk make up water adalah

Wm = We + Wd + Wb
= 17.9989 + 0.1569 + 17.8421
= 35.9978 m3/jam
Dengan dasar perhitungan dari (Perry 7ed hal 12-14) , diperoleh :

- Tinggi cooling tower = 35 ft
- Jumlah deck = 12 buah
- Lebar cooling tower = 12 ft
- Kecepatan angin = 3 mil/jam
Gpm x W (Perry 3ed 1984 hal 3 - 795)
L =
C x 12 x CW x CH
dengan,
L = panjang cooling tower (ft)
W = wind correction factor
C = konsentrasi air / ft2 cooling tower
CW = wet bulb correction factor
diperoleh :
W = 1 (Perry 3ed fig 56 hal 3-794)
CW = 0.98 (Perry 3ed fig 56 hal 3-794)
C = 2 (Perry 6ed fig 56 hal 3-794)
CH = 1.25 (Perry 6ed fig 56 hal 3-794)
Maka,
Gpm x W
L =
C x 12 x CW x CH
3452.9931 x 1
=
2 x 12 x 0.98 x 1.25
= 117.449 ft
Tinggi menara :
Berdasarkan (Perry 8ed hal 12-19) :
Untuk range pendingin 25 - 35oF dengan temperature approach 7.2oF didapat
tinggi menara 35-40 ft.
Karena temperature range= 27 o
F makadiperoleh tinggi menara :
27 - 25 = y - 35
35 - 25 40 - 35
y = 36 ft
Tinggi menara ( h )= 36 ft
Diameter Menara :
π
A = x D2
4
1726.4965 = 0.785 x D2
D2 = 2199.3586
D = 46.8973 ft
D = 14.2943 m
Daya motor penggerak Fan Cooling Tower :

Dengan performance dari cooling tower 90%, diperoleh :
Power fan = 0.03 Hp/ft2 (Perry 8ed pers 12-8d)
Tenaga yang dibutuhkan Luas cooling tower x power fan
= 1726.4965 x 0.03
= 51.7949 Hp
Effisiensi fa = 80%
Fan power = 51.7949
80%
= 64.7436
= 6 Hp
Spesifikasi
Fungsi : Mendinginkan air yang akan digunakan sebagai air pendingin.
Type : Cross Flow Induced Draft Cooling Tower
Power = 6 Hp
Kapasitas = 784.2661 m3/jam
Tinggi = 36 ft
Panjang = 117.449 ft
Diameter = 46.8973 ft
Lebar = 12 ft
Luas = 1726.4965 ft2
Jumlah deck = 12 buah
Bahan Konstruksi = Baja stainless SA 240 Grade M tipe 316
Jumlah = 1 buah
Cooler I
Perhitungan :
1 Neraca panas
Umpan panas = 3385.0511 kg/jam = 7462.68372297289 lb/jam
Umpan dingin= 784266.131 kg/jam= 743340.77 lb/jam
Qserap = 3281369.49342105 kJ/jam= 3110137.78914586 Btu/jam
2 LMTD
Bahan masuk (T1) = 400 oC = 752 oF
Bahan keluar (T2) = 180 oC = 356 oF
Pendingin masuk (t1 = 30 oC = 86 oF
Pendingin keluar (t2) = 45 oC = 113 oF
ΔT2 = 666 oF
ΔT1 = 243 oF
ΔLMTD = Δt2 - Δt1
lnΔt2 / Δt1
= 666 - 243.0
ln 666
243
= 419.5479 oF
Menentukan nilai Δt
R = T1 - T2 = 14.6667 oF
t2 - t1
S = t2 - t1 = 0.0405 oF
T1 - t1
dari kern figure 18, diperoleh Ft 0.9800
LMTD = ΔLMTD x Fr
= 419.5479 x 0.9800
= 411.1569 oF
3 Suhu caloric
Tc = 554 oF
tc = 99.50 oF
Dipilih ukuran tube 3/4 in OD, 16 BWG, 12 ft, 1" squire pitch
Asumsi :
UD = 2 - 50 ( Kern, hal 840 )
Diambil : UD = 50
A = Q
UD x Δt
= 3110137.7891 = 148.2614 ft2
50 x 419.5479
3/4 in OD, 16 BWG : a" = 0.1963 ft2/lim ft
Nt = A
π x do x L
= 148.2614 = 62.9400 tube
0.1963 x 12
Dari tabel 9 kern hal. 842 :

ID shell = 12 in
Passes = 2
Nt = 76
A = 62.9400 x 12 x 0.1963 = 148.261405 ft2
Koreksi UD :
UD = Q
A x Δt
= 3110137.7891 = 50.0000 Btu/j ft2 oF
148.2614 x 419.5479
B = ( 1/5 - 1 ) ID shell
= 1/5 x 12.00 = 2.40 in
Fluida panas dalam shell Fluida dingin dalam tube

4' Flow area 4 Flow area
as = (ID x c' x B)/(144 x Pt) at' = 0.302 in2
c' = 1-OD = 0.25 in at = Nt x at'
as = 15.25 x0.25 x 3.05 144 x n
144 x 1 = 0.0797 ft2
= 0.0500 ft2
5' Gs = w / as 5 Gt = W/at
= 7462.6837 = 7462.68372
0.0500 0.0797
= 149253.6745 lb/ft2.jam = 93641.2039 lb/ft2.jam
6' Pada Tc = 554 oF 6 Pada tc = 99.5000 oF
μ = 0.0230 cp (fig.15) μ = 0.7000 cp (fig.15)
= 0.0230 2.4200 = 0.7000 2.42
= 0.0557 lb/ft.j = 1.6940 lb/ft.j
De = 0.95 = 0.0792 ID = 0.62 (tabel 10)
12 Ret = ID x Gt
Res = De x Gs μ
μ = 0.620 93641.20
= 0.0792 149253.6745 1.6940
0.0557 = 34272.45952
= 212287.3858
7' untuk baffle = 3/4 cut segmental
digunakan kern, fig.28
jH = 80
8' Pada tc = 554.00 oF
Cp = 3 Btu/lb.oF
k = 0.200 Btu/j.ft.oF
k( Cp.μ/k) 1/3 = 0.1883
9' ho = jH.k( Cp.μ/k)1/3 9 hio = 1500 BTU/(hr)(ft2)(oF)
D
= 80 x 0.1883
0.08
= 190.3074 Btu/j ft2 oF
10 Uc = hio x ho
hio + ho
= 1500 x 190.3074 = 168.8812 Btu/j.ft2
1500 + 190.3074
11 Rd = Uc - UD
Uc x UD
= 168.8812 - 50.0000
168.8812 x 50.0000
= 0.0141 > 0.002 Memenuhi
Pressure Drop
Shell Side Tube Side
1 Res = 212287.386 1 Ret = 34272.4595
f = 0.0004 (fig.29) f = 0.0023 (fig.29)
specific volume : (tabel 7)
s = 1
0.01747 62.5
= 0.9159
2 N+1 = 12 L / B (pers.7.43) 2 ΔPt = f x Gt2 x L x n
= 60.0000 5,22 x 10^10 x D
ΔPs = f x Gs2 x L x (N+1) = 0.0098 psi
5,22 x 10^10 x De x s x φs
= 1.6951 3 Gt = 93641.20 lb/ft2.jam
ΔPs < 2 memenuhi V2/2g' = 0.12
s = ρ bahan x Sg reff
rho reff
= 0.7818
ΔPr = 4 x ( n / s ) x ( V2 / 2g' )
= 0.7505 psi
4 ΔPT = ΔPt + ΔPr
= 0.7603 psi
ΔPT < 10 psi memenuhi
Spesifikasi :
Fungsi : Untuk mendinginkan campuran gas keluar reaktor
Type : 1 - 2 Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger

Ukuran : Shell
- ID = 12 in
- Baffle space = 2.4
- Passes = 1
- ΔP = 1.6951 psi
Tube
- Panjang = 12 ft
- Jumlah = 76
- OD = 3/4 in
- BWG = 16
- Pitch = 1 in square
- Passes = 2
- ΔP = 0.7603 psi
Jumlah alat : 1
Heater II
heater shell dingin
cooler shell dingin
Perhitungan :
1 Neraca panas
Umpan dingin = 3499.2522 kg/jam = 7714.4513 lb/jam
Panas supplay = 35.7476 kg/jam = 78.8099 lb/jam
Q supply = 75767.0731 Kj/jam = 71813.3199 Btu/jam
2 LMTD
Steam masuk (T1) = 148 oC = 298.4 oF
Steam keluar (T2) = 148 oC = 298.4 oF
Bahan masuk (t1) = 37.5000 oC = 99.5 oF
Bahan keluar (t2) = 58.3650 oC = 137.057 oF
ΔT2 = 198.9 oF
ΔT1 = 161.343 oF
lnΔt2 / Δt1
= 199 - 161.3
ln 198.9
161.343
= 179.4670 oF
R = T1 - T2 = 0.0000 oF
t2 - t1
Ketika R=0 maka Δt= LMTD
dari kern figure 18, diperoleh Ft = 1.0000

LMTD = ΔLMTD x Fr
= 179.4670 x 1.0000
= 179.4670 oF
3 Suhu caloric
Tc = 298 oF
tc = 118.28 oF
Asumsi :
UD = 100-200 ( Kern, hal 840 )
Diambil : UD = 200
A = Q
UD x Δt
= 71813.3199 = 2.0007 ft2
200 x 179.4670
Nt = A
a" x L
= 2.0007 = 0.8494 tube
0.1963 x 12

ID shell = 8 in
Passes = 2
Nt = 26
A = 0.8494 x 12 x 0.1963 = 2.0007 ft2
Koreksi UD :
UD = Q
A xΔt
= 71813.3199 = 200.0000 Btu/j ft2 oF
2.0007 x 179.4670
B = ( 1/5 - 1 ) x ID shell
= 1/5 x 8.00 = 1.60 in
Fluida dingin dalam shell Fluida panas dalam tube

c' = 1-OD = 0.25 in at = Nt x at'
as = 8 x 0.25 x 1.6 144 x n
144 x 1 = 0.0273 ft2
= 0.0222 ft2
5' Gs = w / as 5 Gt = W/at
= 7714.4513 = 78.8099
0.0222 0.0273
= 347150.3094 lb/ft2.jam = 2890.6334874 lb/ft2.jam
6' Pada tc = 118 oF 6 Pada Tc = 298.4000 oF
μ = 0.2500 cp (fig.15) μ = 0.0150 cp (fig.15)
= 0.2500 2.4200 = 0.0150 2.42
= 0.6050 lb/ft.j = 0.0363 lb/ft.j
De = 0.95 = 0.0792 ID = 0.62 (tabel 10)
12 Ret = ID x Gt
Res = De x Gs μ
μ = 0.620 2890.63
= 0.0792 347150.3094 0.0363
0.6050 = 49371.701438
= 45426.0046701
7 untuk baffle = 3/4 cut segmental
jH = 150
8 Pada tc = 118.28 oF
Cp = 0.5 Btu/lb.oF
k( Cp.μ/k) 1/3 = 0.2446
9 ho = jH.k( Cp.μ/k)1/3 9 hio = 1500 BTU/(hr)(ft2)(oF)
D
= 150 x 0.2446
0.08
= 463.5243 Btu/j ft2 oF
10 Uc = hio x ho
hio + ho
= 1500 x 463.5243 = 354.1013 Btu/j.ft2
1500 + 463.5243
11 Rd = Uc - UD
Uc x UD
= 354.1013 - 200.0000
354.1013 x 200.0000
= 0.0022 > 0.0020 Memenuhi
Pressure Drop
1 Res = 45426.00467 1 Ret = 49371.701438
f = 0.0002 (fig.29) f = 0.0002 (fig.29)
s = 1
0.01747 62.5
= 0.9159
= 90.0000 5,22 x 10^10 x D
ΔPs = f x Gs2 x L x (N+1) = 0.0000 psi
5,22 x 10^10 x De x s x φs
= 5.8461 3 Gt = 2890.63 lb/ft2.jam
rho reff
= 0.7818
ΔPr = 4 x ( n / s ) x ( V2 / 2g' )
= 0.7505 psi
= 0.7505 psi
Spesifikasi :
Fungsi : Untuk memanaskan bahan sebelum masuk menara distilasi I

Ukuran : Shell
- ID = 8 in
- Passes = 1
- ΔP = 5.8461 psi
Tube
- Panjang = 12 ft
- Jumlah = 26
- OD = 3/4 in
- BWG = 16
- Passes = 2
- ΔP = 0.7505 psi
Jumlah alat : 1
HEATER I
heater shell dingin
cooler shell dingin
Perhitungan :
1 Neraca panas
Umpan dingi = 3385.0511 kg/jam = 7462.6837 lb/jam
Umpan Panas = 363.8896 kg/jam = 802.2382 lb/jam
Q supply = 1167030.1789 kJ/jam = 1106131.0431 Btu/jam
2 LMTD
Bahan keluar (T2) = 400 oC = 752 oF
Bahan masuk (t1) = 165.0233 oC = 329.0420 oF
Bahan keluar (t2) = 399.9999 oC = 751.9998 oF
ΔT2 = 422.9580 oF
ΔT1 = 0.0002 oF
lnΔt2 / Δt1
= 423 - 0.0002
ln 422.957977
0.00018
= 28.8318 oF
R = T1 - T2 = 0.0000 oF
t2 - t1

LMTD = ΔLMTD x Fr
= 28.8318 x 1.0000
= 28.8318 oF
3 Suhu caloric
Tc = 752 oF
tc = 540.52 oF
Asumsi :
UD = 100-200 ( Kern, hal 840 )
Diambil : UD = 100
A = Q
UD x Δt
= 1106131.0431 = 383.6494 ft2
100 x 28.8318
Nt = A
a" x L
= 383.6494 = 162.8670 tube
0.1963 x 12

ID shell = 17 in
Passes = 2
Nt = 166
A = 162.8670 x 12 x 0.1963 = 383.6494 ft2
Koreksi UD :
UD = Q
A x Δt
= 1106131.0431 = 100.0000 Btu/j ft2 oF
383.6494 x 28.8318
B = ( 1/5 - 1 ) x ID shell
= 1/5 x 17.25 = 3.45 in

c' = 1-OD = 0.25 in at = Nt x at'
as = 17.25 x 0.25 x 3.45 144 x n
144 x 1 = 0.1741 ft2
= 0.1033 ft2
5' Gs = w / as 5 Gt = W/at
= 7462.6837 = 802.2382
0.1033 0.1741
= 72228.6213 lb/ft2.jam = 4608.72489 lb/ft2.jam
6' Pada tc = 541 oF 6 Pada Tc = 752.0000 oF
μ = 0.0210 cp (fig.15) μ = 0.0230 cp (fig.15)
= 0.0210 2.4200 = 0.0230 2.42
= 0.0508 lb/ft.j = 0.0557 lb/ft.j
De = 0.95 = 0.0792 ID = 0.62 (tabel 10)
12 Ret = ID x Gt
Res = De x Gs μ
μ = 0.620 4608.72
= 0.0792 72228.6213 0.0557
0.0508 = 51336.85652
= 112516.7097
7 untuk baffle = 3/4 cut segmental
jH = 200
8 Pada tc = 540.52 oF
Cp = 1.5 Btu/lb.oF
k( Cp.μ/k) 1/3 = 0.0613
9 ho = jH.k( Cp.μ/k)1/3 9 hio = 1500 BTU/(hr)(ft2)(oF)
D
= 200 x 0.0613
0.08
= 154.9190 Btu/j ft2 oF
10 Uc = hio x ho
hio + ho
= 1500 x 154.9190 = 140.4169 Btu/j.ft2
1500 + 154.9190
11 Rd = Uc - UD
Uc x UD
= 140.4169 - 100.0000
140.4169 x 100.0000
= 0.0029 > 0.002 Memenuhi
Pressure Drop
1 Res = 112516.71 1 Ret = 51336.8565
f = 0.0014 (fig.29) f = 0.0016 (fig.29)
s = 1
0.01747 62.5
= 0.9159
= 41.7391 5,22 x 10^10 x D
ΔPs = f x Gs2 x L x (N+1) = 0.0000 psi
5,22 x 10^10 x De x s x φs
= 0.9666 3 Gt = 4608.72 lb/ft2.jam
rho reff
= 0.7818
ΔPr = 4 x ( n / s ) x ( V2 / 2g' )
= 0.7505 psi
= 0.7505 psi
Spesifikasi :

Ukuran : Shell
- ID = 17 in
- Passes = 1
- ΔP = 0.9666 psi
Tube
- Panjang = 12 ft
- Jumlah = 166
- OD = 3/4 in
- BWG = 16
- Passes = 2
- ΔP = 0.7505 psi
Jumlah alat : 1
Cooler II
Perhitungan :
1 Neraca panas
Umpan panas = 113.0714 kg/jam = 249.277163070029 lb/jam
Umpan dingi= 11272.5605 kg/jam= 10684.32 lb/jam
Qserap = 47164.3929476518 kJ/jam= 44703.2134304644 Btu/jam
2 LMTD
Bahan keluar (T2) = 46 oC = 114.8 oF
Pendingin masuk (t1 = 30 oC = 86 oF
Pendingin keluar (t2 = 45 oC = 113 oF
ΔT2 = 81 oF
ΔT1 = 1.8 oF
lnΔt2 / Δt1
= 81 - 1.8
ln 81
1.8
= 20.8056 oF
R = T1 - T2 = 1.9333 oF
t2 - t1
S = t2 - t1 = 0.3333 oF
T1 - t1
LMTD = ΔLMTD x Fr
= 20.8056 x 1.0000
= 20.8056 oF
3 Suhu caloric
Tc = 141 oF
tc = 99.50 oF
Asumsi :
UD = 2 - 50 ( Kern, hal 840 )
Diambil : UD = 50
A = Q
UD x Δt
= 44703.2134 = 42.9722 ft2
50 x 20.8056
Nt = A
π x do x L
= 42.9722 = 18.2426 tube
0.1963 x 12

ID shell = 8 in
Passes = 2
Nt = 26
A = 18.2426 x 12 x 0.1963 = 42.9722338 ft2
Koreksi UD :
UD = Q
A x Δt
= 44703.2134 = 50.0000 Btu/j ft2 oF
42.9722 x 20.8056
B = ( 1/5 - 1 ) ID shell
= 1/5 x 8.00 = 1.60 in
Fluida panas dalam shell Fluida dingin dalam tube

c' = 1-OD = 0.25 in at = Nt x at'
as = 8 x0.25 x 1.6 144 x n
144 x 1 = 0.0273 ft2
= 0.0222 ft2
5' Gs = w / as 5 Gt = W/at
= 249.2772 = 10684.32
0.0222 0.0273
= 11217.4723 lb/ft2.jam = 391885.563 lb/ft2.jam
μ = 0.5500 cp (fig.15) μ = 0.7000 cp (fig.15)
= 0.5500 2.4200 = 0.7000 2.42
= 1.3310 lb/ft.j = 1.6940 lb/ft.j
De = 0.95 = 0.0792 ID = 0.62 (tabel 10)
12 Ret = ID x Gt
Res = De x Gs μ
μ = 0.620 391885.56
= 0.0792 11217.4723 1.6940
1.3310 = 143429.1905
= 667.2050289
jH = 80
8' Pada tc = 167.00 oF
Cp = 0.45 Btu/lb.oF
k( Cp.μ/k) 1/3 = 0.1970
9' ho = jH.k( Cp.μ/k)1/3 9 hio = 1500 BTU/(hr)(ft2)(oF)
D
= 80 x 0.1970
0.08
= 199.0964 Btu/j ft2 oF
10 Uc = hio x ho
hio + ho
= 1500 x 199.0964 = 175.7667 Btu/j.ft2
1500 + 199.0964
11 Rd = Uc - UD
Uc x UD
= 175.7667 - 50.0000
175.7667 x 50.0000
= 0.0143 > 0.002 Memenuhi
Pressure Drop
1 Res = 667.205029 1 Ret = 143429.191
f = 0.0004 (fig.29) f = 0.0010 (fig.29)
s = 1
0.01747 62.5
= 0.9159
= 90.0000 5,22 x 10^10 x D
ΔPs = f x Gs2 x L x (N+1) = 0.0743 psi
5,22 x 10^10 x De x s x φs
= 0.0144 3 Gt = 391885.56 lb/ft2.jam
rho reff
= 0.7818
ΔPr = 4 x ( n / s ) x ( V2 / 2g' )
= 0.7505 psi
= 0.8248 psi
Spesifikasi :

Ukuran : Shell
- ID = 8 in
- Passes = 1
- ΔP = 0.0144 psi
Tube
- Panjang = 12 ft
- Jumlah = 26
- OD = 3/4 in
- BWG = 16
- Passes = 2
- ΔP = 0.8248 psi
Jumlah alat : 1
FUNGSI : Menguapkan bahan sebelum masuk reaktor
TYPE :
KONDISI OPERASI :
TEKANAN OPERASI :
komposisi bahan masuk

dari tangki recycle fraksi
Komposisi BM Kg/jam ρ (gr/cc) fraksi massa / ρ
Kg/jam Kg/jam massa
IPA 60.0000 3265.4358 100.9924 3366.4282 0.9945 0.8742 1.1376
H2 O 18.0000 6.5440 12.0790 18.6230 0.0055 1.0000 0.0055
3385.0511 1.0000 1.1431
ρ campuran = 1 x 62.43 lb/cuft = 54.6141 lb/cuft

Σ fr massa/ ρ
rate massa = 3385.0511 kg/jam

= 7462.7514 lb/jam
rate volumetrik = rate massa

densitas
= 7462.7514 lb/jam
54.6141 lb/cuft
= 136.6451 cuft/jam
waktu operasi = 60 menit = 1 jam

volume bahan = 136.6451 cuft/jam x 1 jam = 136.6451 cuft
Asumsi volume bahan mengisi 50% volume tangki
maka,
volume tangki = 100 x 136.6451 cuft
50
= 273.2903 cuft
Menentukan ukuran tangki dan ketebalan nya:

Diambil dimensi rasio L/D = 16/4 = 4 (Table 4-7, Ulrich)
Volume tangki = 1/4 π (D2) L

273.2903 cuft = 1/4 π (D2) 4D
D = 4.431644 ft = 53.18 in = 1.351 m
H = 17.72657 ft = 213 in = 5.403 m
Volume Liquid = 1/4 π (D2) L

136.6451 cuft = 1/4 π (D2) 4D
D = 3.517398 ft = 51.71 in = 1.072 m
H = 14.06959 ft = 207 in = 4.288 m
Menentukan tebal minimum shell :

Tebal shell berdasarkan ASME Code untuk Cylindrical tank :
tmin = P x ri + C (Brownell, pers 13-1, hal 254)
fE - 0.6P
dengan :
tmin = tebal shell minimum ; in
P = Tekanan tangki ; psi
ri = jari-jari tangki ; in (1/2 D)
C = faktor korosi ; in (digunakan = 0.125 in )
E = faktor pengelasan , digunakan double welded , E = 0.8
f = stress allowable , bahan konstruksi Carbon Steel SA-283 grade C ,
maka f 12650 psi [Brwonell, T.13-1]
ri = D = 53.1797 = 26.5899 in
2 2
Tekanan operasi = 14.7 psi

P design = P operasi + P hidrostatis
P hidrostatis = ρ x g/gc x Hliq
= 54.6141 lbm x 1 lbf x 14.0696
cuft lbm
= 768.3981 lbf
ft2
= 768.3981 = 5.3361 Psi
144
P operasi = 14.7 psi + P hidrostatis
= 14.7 + 5.3361
= 20.0 psi
Asumsi P design 10% lebih besar untuk faktor keamanan

P design = 1.1 x 20.0361 psi
= 22.0397 psi = 1.4993 atm
tebal shel :
Tebal Shell = P . ri + C
F . E - 0,6 . P
= 22.0397 x 26.5899 + 0.1250
12650 x 0.8 - 0.6 x 22.0397
= 0.1830 in
= 1/5
menentukan tebal tutup

Dimensi tutup, standard torisphericaldishead :
OD = ID + 2 ts
= 53.1797 + 2 1/5
= 53.1797 + 0.4
= 53.5547 in = 4.4629 ft
icr = 3 1/4 (Brownell and Young Tabel 5.7 hal 89)
rc = 54
W = 1 3 + rc
( ( )^0.5 )
4 icr
= 1 ( 3 + 54
( )^0.5 )
4 3 1/4
= 1.7690
th = 0.885 x W x rc + C
fE - 0.1 p
= 0.885 x 1.7690 x 54 + 0.125
12650 x 0.8 - 0.1 x 12650
= 0.1345
= 1/5
Menentukan Tinggi Head :

ID = 53.180 in
OD = 53.55 in
Berdasarkan penentuan dimensi dished head halaman 87

brownel and young diperoleh angka :
a = ID = 53.180 = 26.5899 in
2 2
BC = rc - icr = 54 - 1/6 = 53.817
AB = ID - icr = 53.180 - 1/6 = 26.41 in
2 2
AC = (BC2 - AB2)0.5 = 46.89 in
b = rc - AC = 54 - 46.89 = 7.107 in
Dari tabel 5.6 hal 88(Brownell & Young,1959) untuk tebal hea 1/5 in atau 3/16
diperoleh nilai sf :
sf = 1 1/2 - 2
dipilih sf = 2 in
Maka, H head = th + b + sf
= 1/5 + 7.10706 + 2
= 9.295 in = 0.77454652 ft
untuk rasio icr terhadap OD sekitar 6% dengan persamaan

5.11 Brownell - Young , dihitung volume head :
V = 4.9E-05 (Di)^3
dimana, V = volume, ft3
Di = diameter, in
V = 4.9E-05 x ### in3

= 0.6141 ft3
= 0.01739 m3
Perhitungan Jaket
perhitungan sistem penjaga suhu (Kern,1983. hal 719)
dari neraca panas suhu yang harus dijaga 150 C
Q = ### kJ/jam
Perhitungan :
1 Neraca panas
Rate umpan = 3385.0511 kg/jam = 7462.6837 lb/jam
Rate Steam = 24.4085 kg/jam = 53.8109 lb/jam
Q yang dibutuhkan = 157355.47 kJ/jam = 149144.19 Btu/jam
2 LMTD
Bahan masuk = 30 oC = 86 oF
Bahan keluar = 150 oC = 302 oF
T steam masuk = 175 oC = 347 oF
T steam keluar = 175 oC = 347 oF
ΔT2 = 261 oF
ΔT1 = 45 oF
LMTD = Δt2 - Δt1
lnΔt2 / Δt1
= 261 - 45.0
ln 261
45
= 122.8768 oF
R = T1 - T2 = 0.0000 oF
t2 - t1
dari kern figure 18, diperoleh Ft = 1.0000

LMTD = ΔLMTD x Fr
= 122.8768 x 1.0000
= 122.8768 oF
3 Suhu caloric
Tc = 347 oF
tc = 194.00 oF
Asumsi :
UD = 100 - 200 ( Kern, hal 840 )
Diambil : UD = 200
A = Q
UD x Δt
= 149144.1912 = 6.0688 ft2
200 x 122.8768
Nt = A
π x do x L
= 6.0688 = 5.1527 tube
0.1963 x 6
ID shell = 10 in
Passes = 6
Nt = 68
A = 5.1527 x 6 x 0.1963 = 6.0688495 ft2
Koreksi UD:
UD = Q
A x Δt
= 149144.1912 = 200.0000 Btu/j ft2 oF
6.0688 x 122.8768
B = ( 1/5 - 1 ) ID shell
= 1/5 x 10.00 = 2.00 in

c' = 1/4 - 1 = 0.25 in at = Nt x at'
as = 12 x 0.25 x 2.4 144 x 8
144 x 1 = 0.0176 ft2
= 0.0347 ft2
5' Gs = w / as 5 Gt = W/at
= 7462.6837 = 53.8109
0.0347 0.0176
= 214925.291 lb/ft2.jam = 3065.987 lb/ft2.jam
μ = 0.4500 cp (fig.15) μ = 0.0150 cp (fig.15)
= 0.4500 2.4200 = 0.0150 2.42
= 1.0890 lb/ft.j = 0.0363 lb/ft.j
De = 0.95 = 0.0792 ID = 0.04
12 Ret = ID x Gt
Res = De x Gs μ
μ = 0.040 3065.99
= 0.0792 214925.291 0.0363
1.0890 = 3378.49812
= 15624.3516
jH = 150
8' Pada tc = 194.00 oF
Cp = 0.64 Btu/lb.oF
k( Cp.μ/k) 1/3 = 0.1730
9' ho = jH.k( Cp.μ/k)1/3 9 Untuk condensing steam
D ho = 1500 Btu/j ft2 oF
= 150 x 0.1730
0.04
= 648.625 Btu/j ft2 oF
10 Uc = hio x ho
hio + ho
= 1500 x 648.625 = 452.8185 Btu/j.ft2
1500 + 648.625
11 Rd = Uc - UD
Uc x UD
= 452.8185 - 200.0000
452.8185 x 200.0000
= 0.0028 > 0.002 Memenuhi
Pressure Drop
1 Res = 15624.352 1 Ret = 3378.4981
f = 0.0002 (fig.29) f = 0.0003 (fig.29)
s = 1
0.01747 62.5
= 0.9159
= 36.0000 5,22 x 10^10 x D
ΔPs = f x Gs2 x L x (N+1) = 0.0000 psi
5,22 x 10^10 x De x s x φs
= 0.5273 3 Gt = 3065.99 lb/ft2.jam
rho reff
= 0.7818
ΔPr = 4 x ( n / s ) x ( V2 / 2g' )
= 2.2515 psi
= 2.2515 psi
Spesifikasi :
Fungsi : Untuk menguapkan larutan isopropil alkohol dari tangki penampung
C3H8O
Ukuran : Shell
- ID = 10 in
- Passes = 1
- ΔP = 0.5273 psi
Tube
- Panjang = 12 ft
- Jumlah = 68
- OD = 3/4 in
- BWG = 16
- Passes = 6
- ΔP = 2.2515 psi
Jumlah alat : 1
SPESIFIKASI ALAT
PRA PERANCANGAN PABRIK
1. COMPRESSOR I
Fungsi= Mengalirkan feed masuk ke reaktor

Jumlah= 1 Unit
Desain= Centrifugal Kompresor
Data yang dibutuhkan

Laju masuk = 3385.0511 kg/jam = 56.4966 kmol/jam
BM Campuran = 59.9160 kg/kmol
Suhu Masuk = 165 o
C = 438.15 0K
Eff. Polytropic = 80% (Coulson&Richard)
Menghitung Cp, Cv dan Z
Komponen ij BM %mol
IPA 11 60 0.998
H2O 22 18 0.002
TOTAL 59.916 1
Faktor Kompresibilitas Dari Gas Menggunakan Smith And Van Ness Bab 11
BP (Smith And Van Ness Halaman 405)
Z = 1 +
RT
B = ∑ ∑ yi yj Bij (Smith And Van Ness Chapter 11 hal 405)
Bº = 0.083 - 0.422 (Pers. 3.65 dan 3.66 Smith and Van Ness)
Tr^1.6
B¹ = 0.083 - 0.172
Tr^4.2
ij Tcij (K) Trij Bº B¹ ῳ Bij B

11 508.3000 0.86 -0.4522 -0.1819 0.668 -0.5737 -0.5714
22 647.1000 0.68 -0.7045 -0.7457 0.345 -0.9618 0.0000
12 573.5163 0.76 -0.5662 -0.3938 0.507 -0.7657 -0.0015
21 573.5163 0.76 -0.5662 -0.3938 0.507 -0.7657 -0.0015
TOTAL -0.5745

Z = 1 +
RT
-0.5745 1
1 + x
= 8.314 438.15
= 0.999842
Komponen Cp Cv
IPA ### ###
H2O 78370.2653 78370.2653
Total ### ###
Ɣ = Cp/ Cv= 1.0000

Ep = 80%
(Ɣ-1) n= 1
m=
Ɣ.Ep (1 - m)
= 0.0000 = 1.0000
Menghitung Suhu Keluar
T2 = T1 ( P2P1 ) m
438 (
6
1 )
= 0.0000
= 438.1745 0K= 165.0245 oC
Menghitung Power Kompresor
Z = 0.9998
R = 8.314 J/mol.K
W = Z xR x T1x
n
x [( P2 ) (n-1)/n- 1 ]
W = Z xR x T1x
n-1
x [( P1 ) - 1]
1.0000 6 3E-05
0.0000 [( 1 ) - 1]
= 0.9998 x 8.314 x 438.15 x x
= 6526.1373 kJ/jam
W 6526.1373
Kerja Aktual= = = 8157.672 kJ/jam
Ep 80%
1 kJ0.00028 kW
Power Kompresor= 8157.672 x 56.4966 x 0.000278 = 128.124870 kW
= 171.8180 hP
Spesifikasi Desain Alat

Fungsi = Menaikkan tekanan gas alam sebelum masuk furnace
Tipe = Centrifugal Kompresor
Bahan Konstruk = Carbon Steel 285 Grade A
Tekanan Masuk= 1 atm
Tekanan Kelua= 6 atm
Power = 171.8180 HP
Eff. Polyntropi= 80%
Jumlah = 1 unit
2. COMPRESSOR II
Fungsi= Untuk menekan gas dari scrubber ke tangki penampung produk samping (H2)
Jumlah= 1 Unit
Desain= Centrifugal Kompresor
Data yang dibutuhkan

Laju masuk = 18.5306 kg/jam = 8.9635 kmol/jam
BM Campuran = 2.0673 kg/kmol
Suhu Masuk = 35 o
C = 308.15 0K
Eff. Polytropic = 80% (Coulson&Richard)
Menghitung Cp, Cv dan Z
Komponen ij BM %mol
IPA 11 60 0.0000
H2O 22 18 0.0000
Acetone 33 58 0.0012
H2 44 2 0.9988
TOTAL 2.06734074 1.0000
Faktor Kompresibilitas Dari Gas Menggunakan Smith And Van Ness Bab 11
Z = 1 +
RT
B = ∑ ∑ yi yj Bij (Smith And Van Ness Chapter 11 hal 405)
Bº = 0.083 - 0.422 (Pers. 3.65 dan 3.66 Smith and Van Ness)
Tr^1.6
B¹ = 0.083 - 0.172
Tr^4.2
ij Tcij (K) Trij Bº B¹ ῳ Bij B
11 508.3000 0.86 -0.4522 -0.1819 0.668 -0.5737 0.0000
22 647.1000 0.68 -0.7045 -0.7457 0.345 -0.9618 0.0000
33 508.2000 0.6064 -0.8566 -1.2673 0.3070 -1.2457 0.0000
44 33.1900 9.2844 0.0711 0.1390 -0.2160 0.0410 0.0409
12 573.5163 0.5373 -1.0572 -2.1978 0.5065 -2.1703 0.0000
13 508.2500 0.6063 -0.8568 -1.2679 0.4875 -1.4748 0.0000
14 129.8864 2.3725 -0.0229 0.1344 0.2260 0.0075 0.0000
21 573.5163 0.5373 -1.0572 -2.1978 0.5065 -2.1703 0.0000
23 573.4599 0.5374 -1.0570 -2.1968 0.3260 -1.7731 0.0000
24 146.5512 2.1027 -0.0455 0.1314 0.0645 -0.0370 0.0000
31 508.2500 0.6063 -0.8568 -1.2679 0.4875 -1.4748 0.0000
32 573.4599 0.5374 -1.0570 -2.1968 0.3260 -1.7731 0.0000
34 129.8736 2.3727 -0.0229 0.1344 0.0455 -0.0168 0.0000
TOTAL 0.0409

Z = 1 +
RT
0.0409 1
1 + x
= 8.314 308.15
= 1.000016
Komponen Cp Cv
IPA 22.4078 14.0938
H2O 75268.4486 75268.4486
Acetone 128157.2931 128157.2931
H2 13984918659.6878 13984918659.6878
Total 75290.8565 75282.5425
Ɣ = Cp/ Cv= 1.0001

Ep = 80%
(Ɣ-1) n= 1
m=
Ɣ.Ep (1 - m)
= 0.0001 = 1.0001
Menghitung Suhu Keluar
T2 = T1 ( P2P1 ) m
308 (
100
= ) 0.0001
= 308 (1 )
0.0001
= 308.3459 0K = 35.1959 oC
Menghitung Power Kompresor
Z = 1.0000
R = 8.314 J/mol.K
W = Z x R x T1 x
n
n-1
x [( P2P1 ) (n-1)/n- 1 ]
x [( ]
1 )
1.0001 100 0
= 1.0000 x 8.314 x 308.15 x
0.0001 - 1
= 11802.1968 kJ/jam
W 11802.1968
Kerja Aktual = = = 14752.75 kJ/jam
Ep 80%
1 kJ 0.00028 kW
Power Kompresor = 14752.75 x 8.9635 x 0.000278 = 36.761566 kW
= 49.2980 hP
Spesifikasi Desain Alat

Fungsi = Menaikkan tekanan gas alam sebelum masuk furnace
Tipe = Centrifugal Kompresor
Bahan Konstruks = Carbon Steel 285 Grade A
Tekanan Masuk= 1 atm
Tekanan Keluar= 100 atm
Power = 49.2980 HP
Eff. Polyntropic= 80%
Jumlah = 1 unit
TABEL KONVERSI
1 Kg 2.20462 lb 1 lb 0.453592 Kg
1 gr/cc 62.43 lb/cuft 1 lb/cuft 0.01602 gr/cc
1 ft 0.3048 m 1m 3.28084 ft
1 cuft 0.028317 m3 1 m3 35.31467 cuft
1 ft 12 in 1 in 0.083333 ft
1 in 0.0254 m 1m 39.37008 in
1 HP 550 lb.ft/dt 1 lb.ft/dt 0.001818 HP
1 cuft/m 7.480519 gpm 1 gpm 0.133681 cuft
1 lb/ft s 1488.164 cp 1 cp 0.000672 lb/ft s
1 atm 14.7 psi 1 lb/cuft 0.133681 lb/gal
1 kkal 3.966 btu 35.31467
1 ft2 0.092903 m2 1 cuft 150.23 lb
1 kkal 4184 joule 1 m3/jam 4.402868 gpm
1 grain 0.064799 gr 1 kwh 1.30412 Hp
1 m3 264.172 gal 1 atm 2116.22 lbf/ft2
1 kwh 1.34 Hp
Fungsi : untuk menyerap komponen aceton dan ipa dalam campuran gas
Tipe :
1 Feed Inlet Liquid

Air proses dari utilitas :
Rate massa = 222.9565 kg/jam
= 491.5343 lb/jam
ρ bahan = 1.0000 gr/cc
= 62.4300 lb/cuft
Rate volumetrik = 7.8734 cuft/jam
2 Feed Inlet Gas NH3

Komponen kg/jam fraksi massa ρ (gr/cc) fraksi massa / ρ ipa 5
H2 18.5083 0.0766 0.03128026 2.4502 ac 5
Acetone 218.2046 0.9036 0.27669312 3.2657 h2o 55
IPA 4.3516 0.0180 0.27253536 0.0661 h2 16
H2O 0.4225 0.0017 0.98547455 0.0018
Total 241.4870 1.0000 5.7838
ρ campuran = 1 x 62.43 lb/cuft = 10.7940 lb/cuft

Σ fr massa/ ρ
Gas dari flash drum :

Rate massa = 241.4870 Kg/jam
= 532.3871 lb/jam
ρ bahan = 0.1729 gr/cc
= 10.7940 lb/cuft
Rate volumetrik = 49.3224 cuft/jam
Total rate volumetrik = Rate volumetrik air proses + Rate volumetrik gas buang NH3
= 57.1958 cuft/jam
Direncanakan waktu proses selama 60 detik (Ulrich,1976 T. 4-25 Hal 231)
Sehingga volume bahan pengisi

57.1958 = 0.0159 cuft
3600.0000
Vol tangki = 1.2000 x Vol bahan pengisi

= 1.2000 x 0.0159 cuft
= 0.0191 cuft
3 Menentukan ukuran tangki dan ketebalannya :
Asumsi rasio dimensi (H/D) = 5.0000 (Ulrich: Tabel 4-27)
H = 5.0000 D
Vol tangki = 3.1400 x D² x H
4.0000
0.0191 = 3.9250 D³
D = 0.1694 ft = 2.032 in = 0.052 m
H = 0.8468 ft = 10.16 in = 0.258 m
4 Menentukan tebal minimum shell :

Tebal shell berdasarkan ASME Code untuk cylindrical tank :
ts = P x Ri (B&Y pers. 13.1 Hal 254)
+ C
f x E - 0,6P
Dimana :
P = Tekanan De (lb/in²)
E = Double welded butt joint 0.8000
f = Stress yang diijinkan (lb/in²)
Bahan Konstruksi Carbon Steel SA - 283 Grade C
dengan 12650.0000 psi
Ri = Jari-jari dalam (in) 1/2 D
ts = Tebal Shell (in)
C = Faktor Korosi (in)
1/16 s/d 1/8 in
Dipilih 1/1 ( 1/16 = 0.1250 )
P operasi = 1.0000 atm

= 14.7000 psi
P design diambil 0.1000 lebih besar dari P operasi untuk
faktor keamanan. Maka,
P design = 1.1000 x 14.7000
= 16.1700
ts = 14.7000 x 0.0847 + 0.1250

12650.0000 x 0.8000 - 8.8200
= 1.2448 + 0.1250
10120.0000 - 8.8200
= 1.2448 + 0.1250
10111.1800
= 0.0001 + 0.1250
= 0.1251 in = 0.1875
5 Menentukan tebal Tutup atas dan tutup bawah

(standart torispherical dished)
th a = 0.8850 x P x rc + C
f x E - 0.1000 x P
Dimana :
P = Tekanan desain (psi)
rc = Diameter luar (in)
E = Faktor pengelasan ( 0.8000 )
th = Tebal dinding minimal (in)
C = Faktor k1/16 s/d 1/8 in
dipilih 1/8 in ( 0.1250 )
Untuk ID =
OD = ID + 2ts
= 2.0323 + 0.3750
= 2.4073 in
rc = 2.0323
th atas = 0.8850 x 16.17 x 2.0323 + 0.1250
10120.0000 - 1.6170
= 0.0029 + 0.1250
= 0.1279 in
6 Perhitungan sparger bagian atas :

Rate massa = 222.9565 kg/jam = 491.5343 lb/jam
ρ bahan = 62.43 lb/cuft
Laju alir volumetrik = 7.8734 cuft/jam
(Qf) = 0.0022 cuft/detik
Berdasarkan (Peter ed.4, fig 14-2, halam 498)

diasumsikan aliran turbulen dengan persamaan:
ID optimum
Dengan :
Qf = Laju alir (Cuft/detik)
ρ = Massa jenis (lb/Cuft)
ID optimum = = 3.9000 x Qf^x ρ^0.13

= 0.4240
= 0.4240 in
digunakan pipa ukuran 0.2500 in sch 40

OD pipa = 0.5400 in = 0.0450 ft
ID pipa = 0.3640 in = 0.0303 ft
A = 0.0007 ft² (Mc.Cabe ed7. App 3 hal 1090)
7 Menentukan Kecepatan Linier (v)

v = Qf
A
= 0.0022 cuft/dtk
0.0007 ft²
= 3.0376 ft/dtk
µ = 0.8500 Cp (µ H2O pada 30⁰C) kern
= 0.0006 lb/ft.dtk
8 Menentukan Jenis Aliran

Nre = Dvρ
µ
= 0.0303 x 3.0376 x 62.43
0.0006
= 10070.958
10070.958 > 2100.0000

Maka Jenis aliran = Turbulen (Asumsi benar)
9 Menentukan Dimensi Sparger

Karena Nre > 2100, untuk menentukan diameter Sparger menggunakan
persamaan : (Treyball, 1981. Ed 3 pers 6.5 Hal 141)
dp = 0.0233 x NRe
-0,05
dengan : dp = diameter sparger (ft)

d = diameter dalam pipa (ID) (ft)
1 ft =304.80 mm
dp = 0.0233 x NRe
-0,05
= 0.0233 x 0.6307
= 0.014696 ft
= 4.4794 mm
Diameter lubang = 0,4 s/d 1,6 mm

Dipilih = 1.6000 mm
= 0.005249 ft
10 Menentukan Lubang pada Sparger

Untuk pemasangan sejajar atau segaris pada pipa, jarak interface ( C)
dianjurkan minimal menggunakan jarak 3.0000 dp, maka C adalah
C = 3.0000 x 0.0147 ft
= 0.0441 ft
Panjang pipa d = 0.7500 ft
= 0.2286 m
Diameter shell =P pipa x D shell
= 0.7500 x 0.0052
= 0.0039 ft
Posisi sparger rencana disusun bercabang 20
maka banyaknya lubang = Panjang pipa x Cabang
C
= 0.7500 x 20
0.0441
= 340.2261
Jumlah lubang tiap cabang = Jumlah lubang

Cabang
= 340.2261
20.0000
= 17.0113 lubang tiap cabang
Spesifikasi Scrubber
Fungsi = absorbsi gas buang NH3 menggunakan air proses
Tipe = silinder tegak, tutup bawah dan tutup atas dish
dilengkapi dengan sparger
Dimensi Tangki
Volume = 0.0000 Cuft
Diameter = 0.0000 ft
Tinggi = + ft
Teal Shell = x in
Tebal tutup atas = 0.0000 in
Tebal tutup bawah = 0.0000 in
Bahan konstruksi = Stainless steel 316
Jumlah = 1.0000
Sistem Sparger
Tipe = Standart perforated pipe
Bahan konstruksi = Commercial Steel
Diameter = ft
Jumlah lubang = 0.0000
Lubang tiap cabang = 0.0000
60 = 0.272535
58 = 0.276693
18 = 0.985475
2 = 0.03128
Tangki Produk Aceton
Tangki Penampung C3H8O Fungsi : Menampung produk acet
Fungsi : Menampung larutan isopropil alkohol Type : Silinder tegak dengan tut
Type : Silinder tegak dengan tutup atas torispherical dished dan tutup bawah datar
tutup bawah datar
Komponen kg/jam
Komponen kg/jam fraksi massa ρ (gr/cc) fraksi massa / ρ H2 0.1147
IPA 3265.4358 0.9980 0.8742 1.1416 Acetone 3156.5657
H2O 6.5440 0.0020 1 0.0020 Total 3156.6804
Total 3271.9797 1.0000 1.1436
ρ campuran =
Σ fr massa/ ρ
ρ campuran = 1 x 62.43 lb/cuft = 54.5900 lb/cuft Bahan masuk = 3156.68
Σ fr massa/ ρ volume larutan = 6959.2807
Bahan masuk = 3271.98 kg/jam = 7213.4720 lb/jam = 140.7891
volume larutan = 7213.4720 / 54.5900 Direncanakan penyimpanan untuk
= 132.1390 cuft / jam Sehingga volume tangki adalah
Direncanakan penyimpanan untuk 10 hari dengan 4 buah tangki Volume bahan = 140.79
Sehingga volume tangki adalah
Volume bahan = 132.14 cuft / jamx 10 hari x 24 jam/hari = 3378.9
4 tangki
= 7928.3 cuft/tangki vol. Liquid =
vol. Tangki =
vol. Liquid = 80% vol. Tangki
vol. Tangki = 7928.3384 / 0.8 = 9910.4230 cuft Menentukan diameter tangki
L/D = 2 - 5
Menentukan diameter tangki dan Panjang tangki. Volume Silinder
L/D = 2 - 5 [Ulrich tabel 4-27 , p.249] ; diambil L/D = 2
Volume Silinder = 1 x π x D2 x H (Vs)
4
(Vs) = 1 x 3.14 x D2 x 2 D (Vs)
4
(Vs) = 1.57 Ds3 V tutup atas torispherical dish
V tutup atas torispherical dish = 4.9E-05 Ds3 Volume tangki =
(Brownell Pers.5-11, Hal 88) 4223.674 =
Volume tangki = Volume silinder + Volume Tutup Atas 4223.674 =
9910.423 = 1.57 Ds3 + 4.9E-05 Ds3 Ds3 =
9910.423 = 1.570049 Ds 3
Ds =
Ds3 = 6312.17433 cuft Hs =
Ds = 18.4810 ft = 221.772 in = 5.6330 m
Hs = 36.9621 ft = 443.54 in = 11.2660 m Menentukan Tinggi liquid da
Volume liquid
Menentukan Tinggi liquid dalam tangki :
Volume liquid = 1 x π x D2 x H 3378.9389
4
7928.3384 = 1 x 3.14 x D2 x H 3378.9389
4
7928.3384 = 1 x 3.14 x 341.55 x H
4
H = 29.5706 ft Menentukan Tekanan Design
Mixer didesain berdasarkan tek
Menentukan Tekanan Design : Tekanan operasi
Mixer didesain berdasarkan tekanan dalam P design =
Tekanan operasi = 14.7 psi P hidrostatis =
P design = P operasi + P hidrostatis =
P hidrostatis = ρ x g/gc x Hliq
= 54.5900 lbm x 1 lbf x 29.5706 ft =
cuft lbm
= 1614.2593 lbf =
ft2
= 1614.2593 = 11.2101 Psi P operasi =
144 =
P operasi = 14.7 psi + P hidrostatis =
= 14.7 + 11.2101 Asumsi P design
= 25.9 psi P design = 1.1
Asumsi P design 10% lebih besar untuk faktor keamanan = 24.5727
P design = 1.1 x 25.9101 psi
= 28.5011 psi = 1.9389 atm Penentuan Tebal Shell dan H
Bahan : Low Alloy steel SA
Penentuan Tebal Shell dan Head tabel 13.1, hal 251
Bahan : Low Alloy steel SA - 204 grade C (brownell&yaoung) Pengelasan : double - welded
tabel 13.1, hal 251
Pengelasan : double - welded butt joint e = 80% F = 18750 Tabel shell berdasarkan ASME
c = 0.125 tmin = P x
Tabel shell berdasarkan ASME Code untuk cylindrical tank : fE - 0.6P
tmin = P x ri + C (Brownell, pers 13-1, hal 254) dengan :
f E - 0.6P tmin = tebal shell minimum
dengan : P = Tekanan tangki ; psi
tmin = tebal shell minimum ; in ri = jari-jari tangki ; in (1/2 D
P = Tekanan tangki ; psi C = faktor korosi ; in (diguna
ri = jari-jari tangki ; in (1/2 D) E = faktor pengelasan , digun
C = faktor korosi ; in (digunakan = 0.125 in ) f = stress allowable , bahan k
E = faktor pengelasan , digunakan double welded , E = 0.8 maka f 18750
f = stress allowable , bahan konstruksi Low Alloy Steel SA-204 grade C , ri = D = 166.8938
maka f 18750 psi [Brwonell, T.13-1] 2 2
ri = D = 221.7724 = 110.8862 in Tebal Shell =
2 2 F . E - 0,6 . P
Tebal Shell = P . ri + C =
F . E - 0,6 . P 18750
= 28.5011 x 110.8862 + 0.1250 = 0.2618
18750 x 0.8 - 0.6 x 28.5011 = 1/3
= 0.3359 in
= 3/8 in 0.375 f. Tebal standard torispher
OD = ID
f. Tebal standard torispherical dished (atas) : = 166.8938
OD = ID + 2 ts = 166.8938
= 221.7724 + 2 3/8 = 167.5188
= 221.7724 + 0.8 icr = 10 1/8
= 222.5224 in = 18.5435 ft rc = 144
icr = 14 4/9 (Brownell and Young Tabel 5.7 hal 89) th = P x rc x W
rc = 180 2 f E - 0.2P
cek persamaan dengan :
ri = 6% x rc th = tebal tutup (in)
= 10.8 P = tekanan design (Psi)
rc = crown radius (in)
th = P x rc x W + C W = faktor intensifikasi stress
2 f E - 0.2P C = faktor korosi (in)
dengan : E = faktor pengelasan
th = tebal tutup (in) f = stress allowable
P = tekanan design (Psi)
rc = crown radius (in) W = 1 3 +
(
W = faktor intensifikasi stress 4
C = faktor korosi (in) = 1 ( 3 +
E = faktor pengelasan 4
f = stress allowable = 1.6928
W = 1 3 + rc th = P x rc x W
( ( )^0.5 )
( ( )^0.5 )
4 icr 2 f E - 0.2P
= 1 ( 3 + 180 th = 24.5727
( )^0.5 )
4 14 4/9 30000
= 1.6327 th = 0.19969765
th = 0.32469765
th = P x rc x W + C
2 f E - 0.2P
th = 28.5011 x 180 x 1.6327 + 0.125 Maka digunakan tebal tutup
30000 - 5.700229415
th = 0.2792619549 + 0.125 Menentukan Tinggi Head :
= 0.40426 0.375 ID = 166.894
OD = 167.52
Maka digunakan tebal tutup = 3/8 in Berdasarkan penentuan dimens

brownel and young diperoleh an
Menentukan Tinggi Head : a = ID =
ID = 221.772 in 2
OD = 222.52 in BC = rc - icr
AB = ID - icr
Berdasarkan penentuan dimensi dished head halaman 87 2
brownel and young diperoleh angka : AC = (BC2 - AB2)0.5
a = ID = 221.772 = 110.8862 in b = rc - AC
2 2
BC = rc - icr = 180 - 14 4/9 = 165.563 Dari tabel 5.6 hal 88(Brownell
AB = ID - icr = 221.772 - 14 4/9 = 96.45 in diperoleh nilai sf :
2 2 sf = 1 1/2 - 3
AC = (BC - AB )
2 2 0.5
= 134.57 in dipilih sf = 2 in
b = rc - AC = 222 - 134.57 = 87.2 in
Maka, H head =
Dari tabel 5.6 hal 88(Brownell & Young,1959) untuk tebal head 3/8 in =
diperoleh nilai sf : =
sf = 1 1/2 - 3
dipilih sf = 2 in Tinggi tutup atas = tinggi tutup
Panjang total tangki = tinggi tut
Maka, H head = th + b + sf
= 3/8 + 87.2043 + 2 =
= 89.58 in = 7.46494118 ft =
Spesifikasi :
Tinggi tutup atas = tinggi tutup bawah Fungsi : Menampung produ
Panjang total tangki = tinggi tutup atas + panjang tangki Type : Silinder tegak deng
+ tutup bawah tutup bawah datar
= 89.58 + 443.545 + 89.5793 Kapasitas =
= 622.703 in = 51.89196 ft = 15.8167 m Diameter (D) =
Spesifikasi : Tinggi shell =
Fungsi : Menampung larutan isopropil alkohol Tinggi tangki =
Type : Silinder tegak dengan tutup atas torispherical dished dan Tinggi head =
tutup bawah datar Tebal shell =
Kapasitas = 9910.4230 cuft Tebal head =
Diameter (D) = 18.4810 ft Bahan =
Tinggi shell = 36.9621 ft jumlah =
Tinggi tangki = 51.8920 ft
Tinggi head = 7.4649 ft
Tebal shell = 3/8 in
Tebal head = 0.38 in
Bahan = Low Alloy steel SA - 204 grade C
jumlah = 4
Produk Aceton Tangki Produk H2
Menampung produk aceton dari accumulator 1 Fungsi : Menampung produk hidrogen dari Scrubber
ilinder tegak dengan tutup atas torispherical dished dan Type : Silinder tegak dengan tutup atas torispherical
utup bawah datar tutup bawah datar
fraksi massa ρ (gr/cc) fraksi massa / ρ Komponen kg/jam fraksi massa ρ (gr/cc)
0.1147 0.0000 0.08988 0.0004 H2 18.5083 0.9988 0.08988
3156.5657 0.99996366 0.792 1.2626 Acetone 0.0218 0.00117754 0.792
3156.6804 1.0000 1.2630 IPA 0.0004 0.0000 0.8742
H2O 0.0000 0.0000 1
1 x 62.43 lb/cuft = 49.4305 lb/cuft Total 18.5305 1.0000
Σ fr massa/ ρ
3156.68 kg/jam = 6959.2807 lb/jam ρ campuran = 1 x 62.43
6959.2807 / 49.4305 Σ fr massa/ ρ
140.7891 cuft / jam Bahan masuk = 18.53 kg/jam
kan penyimpanan untuk 1 hari dengan 1 buah tangki volume larutan = 40.8527 / 5.6172
olume tangki adalah = 7.2728 cuft / jam
140.79 cuft / jamx 1 hari x 24 jam/hari Direncanakan penyimpanan untuk 1 hari dengan
1 tangki Sehingga volume tangki adalah
3378.9 cuft/tangki Volume bahan = 7.27 cuft /jam x
1 tangki
80% vol. Tangki = 174.5 cuft/tangki
3378.9389 / 0.8 = 4223.6736 cuft
vol. Liquid = 80% vol. Tangki
tukan diameter tangki dan Panjang tangki. vol. Tangki = 174.5474 /
[Ulrich tabel 4-27 , p.249] ; diambil L/D = 2
olume Silinder = 1 x π x D2 x H Menentukan diameter tangki dan Panjang tangk
4 L/D = 2 - 5 [Ulrich tabel 4-27 , p.249]
(Vs) = 1 x 3.14 x D2 x 2 D Volume Silinder = 1 x π
4 4
(Vs) = 1.57 Ds3 (Vs) = 1 x 3.14
4
atas torispherical dish = 4.9E-05 Ds3 (Vs) = 1.57
(Brownell Pers.5-11, Hal 88)
Volume silinder + Volume Tutup Atas V tutup atas torispherical dish =
1.57 Ds3 + 4.9E-05 Ds3
1.570049 Ds3 Volume tangki = Volume silinder
2690.154 cuft 218.184 = 1.57 Ds3
13.9078 ft = 166.894 in = 4.2391 m 218.184 = 1.570049 Ds3
27.8156 ft = 333.788 in = 8.4782 m Ds3 = 138.966507 cuft
Ds = 5.1797 ft =
tukan Tinggi liquid dalam tangki : Hs = 10.3594 ft =
Volume liquid = 1 x π x D2 x H
4 Menentukan Tinggi liquid dalam tangki :
3378.9389 = 1 x 3.14 x D x H
2
Volume liquid = 1 x π
4 4
3378.9389 = 1 x 3.14 x 193.43 x H 174.5474 = 1 x 3.14
4 4
H = 22.25 ft 174.5474 = 1 x 3.14
4
tukan Tekanan Design : H = 8.28776
idesain berdasarkan tekanan dalam
= 14.7 psi Menentukan Tekanan Design :
P operasi + P hidrostatis Mixer didesain berdasarkan tekanan dalam
ρ x g/gc x Hliq Tekanan operasi = 1470 psi
49.4305 lbm x 1 lbf x 22.2532 ft P design = P operasi +
cuft lbm P hidrostatis = ρ x g/gc x
1099.9877 lbf = 5.6172 lbm
ft2 cuft
1099.9877 = 7.6388 Psi = 46.5539 lbf
144 ft2
14.7 psi + P hidrostatis = 46.5539 = 0.3233
14.7 + 7.6388 144
22.3 psi P operasi = 1470.0 psi + P hidrostatis
10% lebih besar untuk faktor keamanan = 1470.0 + 0.3233
1.1 x 22.3388 psi = 1470.3 psi
24.5727 psi = 1.6716 atm Asumsi P design 10% lebih besar untuk faktor ke
P design = 1.1 x 1470.3233
uan Tebal Shell dan Head = 1617.3556 psi = 110.0242
Low Alloy steel SA - 204 grade C (brownell&yaoung)
tabel 13.1, hal 251 Penentuan Tebal Shell dan Head
double - welded butt joint e = 80% F = 18750 Bahan : Low Alloy steel SA - 353 (brownell&y
c = 0.13 tabel 13.1, hal 251
hell berdasarkan ASME Code untuk cylindrical tank : Pengelasan : double - welded butt joint
ri + C (Brownell, pers 13-1, hal 254)
0.6P Tabel shell berdasarkan ASME Code untuk cylindr
tmin = P x ri + C (Brownell, pers 13
tebal shell minimum ; in f E - 0.6P
ekanan tangki ; psi dengan :
ri-jari tangki ; in (1/2 D) tmin = tebal shell minimum ; in
aktor korosi ; in (digunakan = 0.125 in ) P = Tekanan tangki ; psi
aktor pengelasan , digunakan double welded , E = 0.8 ri = jari-jari tangki ; in (1/2 D)
ress allowable , bahan konstruksi Low Alloy Steel SA-204 grade C , C = faktor korosi ; in (digunakan =
18750 psi [Brwonell, T.13-1] E = faktor pengelasan , digunakan double welded
166.8938 = 83.4469 in f = stress allowable , bahan konstruksi Low Allo
maka f 22500 psi [Brwonell, T.13-1]
P . ri + C ri = D = 62.1562 = 31.0781
F . E - 0,6 . P 2 2
24.5727 x 83.4469 + 0.1250 Tebal Shell = P . ri + C
18750 x 0.8 - 0.6 x 24.5727 F . E - 0,6 . P
0.2618 in = 1617.3556 x
1/3 in 0.3125 22500 x 0.8 -
= 3.0766 in
bal standard torispherical dished (atas) : = 3 in 3.125
+ 2 ts
166.8938 + 2 1/3 f. Tebal standard torispherical dished (atas)
166.8938 + 0.6 OD = ID + 2 ts
167.5188 in = 13.9599 ft = 62.1562 + 2 3
10 1/8 (Brownell and Young Tabel 5.7 hal 89) = 62.1562 + 6.0
144 = 68.1562 in = 5.6797
+ C icr = 9 (Brownell and Youn
rc = 60
th = P x rc x W + C
bal tutup (in) 2 f E - 0.2P
kanan design (Psi) dengan :
rown radius (in) th = tebal tutup (in)
aktor intensifikasi stress P = tekanan design (Psi)
aktor korosi (in) rc = crown radius (in)
aktor pengelasan W = faktor intensifikasi stress
ress allowable C = faktor korosi (in)
E = faktor pengelasan
rc f = stress allowable
( )^0.5 )
icr
( 144 ) 0.5 ) W = 1 3 + rc
( ( )^0.5 )
10 1/8 4 icr
= 1 ( 3 + ( 60 ) 0.5
4 9
+ C = 1.3955
x 144 x 1.6928 + 0.125 th = P x rc x W + C
30000 - 4.91453682 2 f E - 0.2P
0.19969765 + 0.125 th = 1617.3556 x 60 x 1.3955
0.32469765 0.3125 36000 - 323.471124
th = 3.79579855 + 0.125
th = 3.92079855
igunakan tebal tutup = 1/3 in
tukan Tinggi Head : Maka digunakan tebal tutup = 3

in
in Menentukan Tinggi Head :
ID = 62.156 in
rkan penentuan dimensi dished head halaman 87 OD = 68.16 in
l and young diperoleh angka :
166.894 = 83.4469 in Berdasarkan penentuan dimensi dished head halama
2 brownel and young diperoleh angka :
= 144 - 10 1/8 = 133.875 a = ID = 62.156 = 31.0781
- icr = 166.894 - 10 1/8 = 73.32 in 2 2
2 BC = rc - icr = 60 - 9
2 2 0.5
(BC - AB ) = 112.01 in AB = ID - icr = 62.156 -
= 167 - 112.01 = 54.88 in 2 2
AC = (BC - AB )
2 2 0.5
= 45.97
bel 5.6 hal 88(Brownell & Young,1959) untuk tebal head 1/3 in b = rc - AC = 62.16 - 45.97
1 1/2 - 3 Dari tabel 5.6 hal 88(Brownell & Young,1959) untu

diperoleh nilai sf :
sf = 1 1/2 - 4 1/2
th + b + sf dipilih sf = 4 in
1/3 + 54.8831 + 2
57.2 in = 4.76629724 ft Maka, H head = th + b + sf
= 3 + 16.1828
utup atas = tinggi tutup bawah = 23.18 in = 1.93189891
total tangki = tinggi tutup atas + panjang tangki
+ tutup bawah Tinggi tutup atas = tinggi tutup bawah
57.2 + 333.788 + 57.1956 Panjang total tangki = tinggi tutup atas + panjang ta
448.179 in = 37.3482 ft = 11.3837 m + tutup bawah
= 23.18 + 124.312
Menampung produk aceton dari accumulator 1 = 170.678 in = 14.2232
Silinder tegak dengan tutup atas torispherical dished dan Spesifikasi :
tutup bawah datar Fungsi : Menampung produk hidrogen dari Scru
4223.6736 cuft Type : Silinder tegak dengan tutup atas torisph
13.9078 ft tutup bawah datar
27.8156 ft Kapasitas = 218.1842
37.3482 ft Diameter (D) = 5.1797 ft
4.7663 ft Tinggi shell = 10.3594 ft
1/3 in Tinggi tangki = 14.2232 ft
0.31 in Tinggi head = 1.9319 ft
Low Alloy steel SA - 204 grade C Tebal shell = 3 in
1 Tebal head = 3.00 in
Bahan = Low Alloy steel SA - 353
jumlah = 1
hidrogen dari Scrubber
n tutup atas torispherical dished dan
ρ (gr/cc) fraksi massa / ρ

0.08988 11.1126
0.792 0.0015
0.8742 0.0000
1 0.0000
11.1141
62.43 lb/cuft = 5.6172 lb/cuft
= 40.8527 lb/jam
5.6172
cuft / jam
hari dengan 1 buah tangki
1 hari x 24 jam/hari
tangki
0.8 = 218.1842 cuft
ngki dan Panjang tangki.

tabel 4-27 , p.249] ; diambil L/D = 2
x D2 x H
3.14 x D2 x 2 D
Ds3
4.9E-05 Ds3
(Brownell Pers.5-11, Hal 88)
+ Volume Tutup Atas
+ 4.9E-05 Ds3
62.156 in = 1.5788 m
124.312 in = 3.1575 m
d dalam tangki :
x D2 x H
3.14 x D2 x H
3.14 x 26.83 x H
ft
n tekanan dalam
P hidrostatis
Hliq
x 1 lbf x 8.2878 ft
lbm
0.3233 Psi
P hidrostatis
0.3233
bih besar untuk faktor keamanan

psi
110.0242 atm
el SA - 353 (brownell&yaoung)
elded butt joint e = 80% F = 18750

c = 0.13
SME Code untuk cylindrical tank :
(Brownell, pers 13-1, hal 254)
gunakan = 0.125 in )
digunakan double welded , E = 0.8
han konstruksi Low Alloy Steel SA-353,
[Brwonell, T.13-1]
31.0781 in
31.0781 + 0.1250
0.6 x 1617.3556
3.125
spherical dished (atas) :
5.6797 ft
(Brownell and Young Tabel 5.7 hal 89)
0.5 )
1.3955 + 0.125
323.471124
3 in
mensi dished head halaman 87

leh angka :
31.0781 in
9 = 51
9 = 22.08 in
in
45.97 = 16.18 in
nell & Young,1959) untuk tebal head 3 in
+ 4
1.93189891 ft
utup bawah
gi tutup atas + panjang tangki
tutup bawah
+ 23.1828
14.2232 ft = 4.33522 m
produk hidrogen dari Scrubber

dengan tutup atas torispherical dished dan
cuft
loy steel SA - 353

Reaktor, Konversi 97%, T=400 (U.S PATTENT, 10526267 B2 )
Separation Process Principles, Hal 147 (Trial Flash Drum)
Perhitungan Trial Refluks Minimum (P erry ED 7, 13-55)
Perhitungan Antoine (Sherwood,1960)

Konversi satuan panas. (perry ED 7, Table 1-4)
Nilai Cp O2 dan N2 ( Kern, Figure 3, hal 805 )
Cp bahan (Perry ED 7, Table 2-196)
Enthalpi pembentukan (Lange's Handbook Tabel 6

Cp gas ( Sherwood hal 631)
as. (perry ED 7, Table 1-4)
Cp Liquid (Perry ED 7, Table 2-196)
7, Table 2-196)
Kompressor (Perry ED 7, 4-36 )
an (Lange's Handbook Tabel 6-1 ,6-3)

Enthalpi Vaporation (Lange's Handbook Tabel 6-2,6-4)
Head Tangki penampung (Brownell Pers.5-11, Hal 88) Stress allowable (Brownell, p
Stress allowable (Brownell, pers 13-1, hal 254)
COMPRESSOR II
1. Feed Masuk
Feed Keluar dari Reaktor (gas)
T = 400 °C =
Tref = 25 °C =
P1 = 1 atm = 760
P2 = 3 atm = 2280
Perhitungan Panas
Komponen Massa (kg/jam)
IPA 100.9928
H2O 18.6230
Aceton 3156.5875
H2 108.8478
Total 3385.0511
Tekanan Masuk (P1) =
Tekanan Keluar (P2) =
Suhu Masuk =
R =
Komponen Cp
IPA 38.17
H2O 6.59
Aceton 31.33
H2 7.03
Total 83.14
Ɣ = Cp/ Cv = 1.1111
Ep = 80%
(Ɣ-1)
m =
Ɣ.Ep
= 0.12499
T keluar = 499.0838
T reff = 25
T keluar = 499.0838
T reff = 25
Komponen Kg
IPA 100.9928
H2O 18.6230
Aceton 3156.5875
H2 108.8478
Total
W = H keluar -
= 3748021.1421
= 927079.5402
Masuk (KJ/Jam)
*Komponen
IPA 80420.0025
H2O 12083.8951
Aceton 2132212.6424
H2 596225.0618
TOTAL 2820941.6019
*W Kompresi 927079.5402
TOTAL 3748021.1421
= 673.15 K
= 298.15 K
760 mmHg
2280 mmHg
Mol (kmol/jam) ∫CpdT (kal/mol)

1.6832 11419.1309
1.0346 2791.5093
54.4239 9363.7326
54.4239 2618.3561
111.5657 26192.7288
1 atm
3 atm
400 C
0
= 673.15 0
K
8.314 J/mol0K
Cp Cv = Cp-R
38.1772 29.8632
6.5935 6.5935
31.3378 31.3378
7.0360 7.0360
83.1444 74.8304
1.1111
n = 1
(1 - m)
= 1.1428
0
C = 772.2338 0
K
0
C = 298.15 0
K
0
C = 772.2338 0
K
0
C = 298.15 0
K
Kg Kmol Cp.dT
.9928 1.6832 15365.5254
6230 1.0346 3402.8691
6.5875 54.4239 12602.8109
.8478 54.4239 3316.9246
Total
H masuk
- 2820941.6019
cal/mol0K

Keluar (KJ/Jam)
*Komponen
80420.0025 IPA
12083.8951 H2O
2132212.6424 Aceton
596225.0618 H2
2820941.6019 TOTAL
927079.5402
3748021.1421 TOTAL
∆H (kJ/Jam)
80420.0025
12083.8951
2132212.6424
596225.0618
2820941.6019
Maka suhu keluar kompressor (T2) :

T2 = T1 ( P2
P1 ) m
= 673.15
( 3
1 ) 0.1250
= 772.2338 0
K
= 499.0838 0
C
∆H (kJ/Jam)
108212.7536
14730.3517
2869782.1751
755295.8617
3748021.1421
Keluar (KJ/Jam)
108212.7536
14730.3517
2869782.1751
755295.8617
3748021.1421
3748021.1421
0.1250

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Tahun Kebutuhan (Kg/tahun) Kebutuhan (Ton/tahun) N

2015 18,801,100.00 18801.1 2

22000 f(x) = 940.88299999992 x − 1877114.37839984

Bahan baku yang dibutuhkan = 3271.979731 kg/jam

Secara komersial Isopropil alkohol dengan konsentrasi 99,8 %

Maka komposisi bahan baku adalah :

Fresh Feed masuk vaporizer :

Komposisi bahan baku yang berasal dari recycle :

Komposisi feed masuk campuran ke vaporizer :

Komposisi feed keluar menuju Reaktor:

Neraca Massa vaporizer

Total 3385.0511 Total 3385.0511

Reaksi yang terjadi :

(CH3)2CHOH awal = 56.1071 kgmol/jam = 3366.428 kg/jam

Massa Masuk, kg/jam Massa keluar, kg/jam

Total = 3385.0511 Total = 3385.0511

A.3 FLASH DRUM

Mencari Tekanan Uap Komponen

Ln Pi sat = A - B (Smith & Van Ness, ed 5, hal 436)

Ki = Pi sat (Smith & Van Ness, ed 5, hal 458)

Komponen Kgmol/jam Zi Pi sat (mmHg) Ki=Pv/Pop Ki.Zi

Neraca Massa Komponen

f ( 0 ) = 0.0253 ( 1- 0.1832 ) + ### ( 1- 0.3021 ) +

0.1401 ( 1- 656.4312 ) + 0.0156 ( 1- 0.0944 )

= 0.02069 + 0.57156 + -91.83955565 + 0.014098535

f ( 1 ) = 0.0253 ( 1- 0.1832 ) + ### ( 1- 0.3021 ) +

0.1401 ( 1- 656.4312 ) + 0.0156 ( 1- 0.0944 ) +

= 0.11294 + 1.89196 + -0.139907352 + 0.149274537

0= 0.0253 ( 1- 0.1832 ) + ### ( 1- 0.3021 ) +

0.1401 ( 1- 656.4312 ) + 0.0156 ( 1- 0.0944 ) +

= 0.02466 + 0.66284 + -0.704706456 + 0.017165591

Komposisi Vapour Komposisi Liquid

Berat masing - masing komponen

Neraca Massa Flash Drum

Kondisi Operasi : 1 atm (atmospheric pressure)

Feed Masuk Scrubber (dari Flash Drum)

Asumsi efisiensi penyerapan = 100%

Komponen Gas Terserap (Kg/jam) Gas lolos (kg/jam)

Data Kelarutan CC/100g H20 ρ H2 = 0.088 gr/L

Kebutuhan Air pada Scrubber

Neraca Massa Scrubber

Total 464.4435 Total 464.4435

Perhitungan Boiling point feed dengan Pers Antoine

Ln Pi sat = A - B (Smith & Van Ness, ed 5, hal 436)

Ki = Pi sat (Smith & Van Ness, ed 5, hal 458)

Trial Suhu Boiling Point

Distribusi produk atas

Distribusi Mol masing-masing komponen

Perhitungan Suhu operasi pada bagian atas dan bawah distilasi

Trial Suhu bubble point bottom

Neraca Massa Destilasi I

Komponen xdi Ki dew αi αi-Ѳ Rmin+1

Uap Keluar Menara Destilasi Menuju Kondensor (V)

Neraca Massa Akumulator

Neraca Massa Reboiler

Komposisi feed reboiler

Komposisi Uap reboiler

Neraca Massa Reboiler

Perhitungan Boiling point feed dengan Pers Antoine

Ln Pi sat = A - B (Smith & Van Ness, ed 5, hal 436)

Ki = Pi sat (Smith & Van Ness, ed 5, hal 458)

Trial Suhu Boiling Point

Asumsi distribusi komponen