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MK LITERASI TEKNOLOGI

M2 Disruptive Technology

A. Ali Muayyadi

TELKOM UNIVERSITY
2020
 Outline 2

•Definisi Disruptive Technology

•Emerging Technologies
•AI
•Robotic
•IOT
•Blockchain
•Bitcoin
 Teknologi Baru 3

•Satu teknologi/produk pasti selalu ada masalah baru, yang

lalu dengan R&D dicari solusinya.
•Metode inovatif dan teknologi baru selalu dikembangkan
dan muncul. Teknologi baru ini hasil dari dari theoretical
research, dan juga commercial research and development.
•Perkembangan teknologi ini mencakup incremental
developments and disruptive technologies.
 Intellectual Creativity Cycle 4

?
Masalah
IPTEK
Produk

Kekayaan
Intelektual
R&D

Inovasi

4
 Incremental Development 5

•Perkembangan normal perkembangan teknologi adalah dengan

cara incremental developments
•Contohnya adalah Teknologi Media Penyimpanan Data
(Information Storage): DVD adalah pengembangan dari teknologi
media penyimapanan data berbasis teknologi optik Compact
Disc (CD).
Disket → HD → CD → DVD → USB/Flash Drive
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 Disruptive Technology 7

•Sedangkan perkembangan teknologi baru yang metode/

aplikasi/produk/bisnis/industri-nya “menggantikan” yang lama
dengan drastis/revolusioner disebut disruptive technologies
•Contohnya teknologi mobil (menggantikan teknologi kereta
kuda), teknologi SMS menggantikan teknologi paging/pos, dan
masih banyak contoh yang lain.
 Emerging Technologies 8

•Emerging technologies adalah teknologi baru yang

diharapkan berperan penting dan mampu
mengubah peradaban manusia
• Contoh dari emerging technologies adalah
information and communication technology (ICT),
nanotechnology, biotechnology, cognitive science,
robotics, dan artificial intelligence
 Istilah dan Acronyms 9

•NBIC, an acronym for Nanotechnology, Biotechnology, Information

technology and Cognitive science, is currently the most popular term for
emerging and converging technologies, and was introduced into public discourse
through the publication of Converging Technologies for Improving Human
Performance ,U.S. National Science Foundation.
•Other acronyms such as GNR (Genetics, Nanotechnology and Robotics)
(Bill Joy, 2000, Why the future doesn't need us).
•Journalist Joel Garreau in Radical Evolution: The Promise and Peril of
Enhancing Our Minds, Our Bodies — and What It Means to Be Human uses "GRIN",
for Genetic, Robotic, Information, and Nano processes
•While science journalist Douglas Mulhall in Our Molecular Future: How
Nanotechnology, Robotics, Genetics and Artificial Intelligence Will
Transform Our World uses "GRAIN", for Genetics, Robotics, Artificial
Intelligence, and Nanotechnology
•Another acronym coined by the appropriate technology organization
ETC Group is "BANG" for "Bits, Atoms, Neurons, Genes“.
 Emerging & Disruptive Technologies 10

•Contoh dari Emerging dan sekaligus Disruptive

Technologies adalah technologies berikut:
1. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
2. Robotics
3. Internet of Things (IOT)
4. Blockchain
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Artificial
Intelligence (AI)
 Intelligence
12

• The ability to learn, understand and think in a logical way

• -Oxford

Learning
Reasoning
Problem Solving
Perception
Language Artificial Intelligence

Human Intelligence

Human Machines

Human Being

12
 Artificial Intelligence 13

• Human Machines tactically absorbs or imitates the super

human qualities → Artificial Intelligence (AI)

• So What is AI?
• Programs that behave externally like humans?
• Programs that operate internally as humans do?
• Computational systems that behave intelligently?

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 Aplikasi AI 14

Google Assistant Robot

• Autonomous planning and scheduling of tasks aboard a spacecraft

• Beating Gary Kasparov in a chess match
• Steering a driverless car
• Understanding language
• Robotic assistants in surgery
• Monitoring trade in the stock market to see if insider trading is going on

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 Kelebihan AI 15

● Reduce time taken for a task

● Overcome Human limitations

● Multi-Tasking

● Ease workload

● Deployed across Industries

● Has no downtime, 24*7 working

 Kekurangan AI 16

Machines require high cost to create, run, maintain & repair

● Cannot replicate human on moral and emotional level

● Daily basis tasks difficult to achieve through AI

● Response altering is difficult for machines as compared to humans

● Affects Industry 4.0

 AI, Data Science, ML, & DL
Data Science
• A field encompassing
several subfield including
AI,ML & DL.
• A Multidisciplinary field
• Talks about – AI, ML, DL,
Data Visualization,
Statistics, Data Mining etc.
• Tools – Apache Spark,
Matlab, Tableau, Apache
Haddop, Scala, Apache
Hive etc.
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Machine Learning
• A specialization or a
subset for AI totally into its
core.
• A subfield of AI
• Talks about – A lot of
Algorithms, data depen-
dencies, Features etc.
• Tools – TenserFlow, Pytorch,
• Scikit-learn, NLTK,
Tenserboard etc.
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Deep Learning
• A specialization or a
subset for ML totally into its
core.
• A subfield of ML
• Talks About – Few
Algorithms, large training
datasets, high data
dependencies.
• Tools – CNTK, Caffe,
MXNet, Chainer, Keras,
Deeplearning4j
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Robotics
 Definisi Robotics 19

Robot adalah …

“An active artificial agent whose environment is the physical

world”
--Russell and Norvig

“A programmable, multifunction manipulator designed to

move material, parts, tools or specific devices through variable
programmed motions for the performance of a variety of
tasks”
--Robot Institute of America
 Automation vs Robots 20

Automation – Mesin yang didesain untuk melakukan a specific task

Bottling machine (These are always better than
Dishwasher robots, because they can be
optimally designed for a
Paint sprayer
particular task).

Robots – Mesin yang didesain

untuk melakukan a variety of tasks
Pick and place arms
Mobile robots
Computer Numerical Control
machines
 Tipe-Type Robot 21

1. Pick and place

Moves items between points
A SCARA robot (Selective Compliant
Articulated Robot Arm): A pick-and-place
robot with angular
x-y-z positioning (Adept Technology)

2. Continuous path control

Moves along a programmable path
A six-axis industrial robot ($60K)(Fanuc
Robotics), but an additional $200K is
often spent for tooling and
programming.
3. Sensory
Employs sensors for feedback
 Pick and Place 22

•Moves items from one point to

another

•Does not need to follow a specific

path between points

•Uses include loading and unloading

machines, placing components on
circuit boards, and moving parts off
conveyor belts.
A cartesian robot for picking and
placing circuits on circuit-boards
 Continuous Path Control 23

•Moves along a specific path

•Uses include welding, cutting,

machining parts.

Robotic seam welding

 Sensory 24

•Uses sensors for feedback.

•Closed-loop robots use sensors in

conjunction with actuators to gain
higher accuracy – servo motors.

•Uses include mobile robotics,

telepresence, search and rescue, pick
and place with machine vision.
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Measures of Performance
• Working volume
• The space within which the robot operates.
• Larger volume costs more but can increase
the capabilities of a robot

• Speed and acceleration

• Faster speed often reduces resolution or
increases cost
• Varies depending on position, load.
• Speed can be limited by the task the robot
performs (welding, cutting)

• Resolution
• Often a speed tradeoff
• The smallest step the robot can take
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Performance (cont.)
•
• Accuracy
– The difference between the actual
position of the robot and the
programmed position
• Repeatability
• Will the robot always return to the
same point under the same control
conditions?
• Increased cost
• Varies depending on position, load
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Control

•Open loop, i.e., no feedback, deterministic

•Closed loop, i.e., feedback, maybe a sense of

touch and/or vision
 Kinematics and Dynamics 28

Degrees of freedom—number of independent motions

•Translation -- 3 independent directions

•Rotation -- 3 independent axes
•2D motion = 3 degrees of freedom: 2 translation, 1 rotation
•3D motion = 6 degrees of freedom: 3 translation, 3 rotation
 Kinematics and Dynamics (cont.) 29

•Actions
•Simple joints
•Prismatic—sliding joint, e.g., square cylinder in
square tube
•Revolute—hinge joint
•Compound joints
•Ball and socket = 3 revolute joints
•Round cylinder in tube = 1 prismatic, 1 revolute
•Mobility
•Wheels
•Multipedal (multi-legged with a sequence of
actions)
 Relevance to Artificial Intelligence 30

•Effectors
•Sensors
•Architecture
•Integration of various inputs
•Hierarchy of information representation
•Emotions
 Current Developments 31

•Emotions
•Energy-efficiency
•Integration
•Hierarchy of information representation
•Control structures
•Synthesis of neural nets and fuzzy logic
•Robotic surgery
•Telepresence
•Robot perception
•Face and object recognition
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Internet of Things
(IOT)
 Apa itu 33

Internet of Things?

Internet of Things adalah jaringan dari objek/perangkat tertentu seperti

kendaraan, rumah, TV, AC, dsb yang dilengkapi dengan elektronik,
software, sensor dan konektivitas jaringan yang memungkinkan
objek/perangkat tsb mengumpulkan dan mengirim data.

IOT terdiri atas dua bagian utama yaitu Internet yang mengatur
konektivitas dan Things yang berarti objek atau perangkat.

Things memiliki kemampuan untuk mengumpulkan, menyimpan,

memproses data dan mengirimkannya ke server/perangkat lain melalui
internet.
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Arsitektur IOT

Tiga Elemen Utama IOT

1. Perangkat Konektivitas ke internet
2. Cloud Data Center tempat untuk
menyimpan Aplikasi dan Database
3. Perangkat/Objek Fisik yang dilengkapi
modul IOT (Gateway, Sensor, Actuator)

Cara Kerja IOT adalah setiap benda yang

terhubung dengan internet bisa diakses
kapan saja dan dimana saja.
Sumber:
https://www.scnsoft.com/blog/iot-
architecture-in-a-nutshell-and-how-it-works
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Contoh Aplikasi IOT

Smart Campus

Sumber:
http://www.hey.ntu.edu.sg/issue35/
new-ways-to-live-work-and-play-
at-the-ntu-smart-campus.html
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Contoh
Aplikasi IOT
Smart
City

Sumber:
https://www.dictio.id/t/apakah-karakteristik-dari-smart-city/14362
 Internet of Things 37

APLIKASI LAINNYA
Smart Cities Smart Mall
Membantu kelola kota yang efektif Mendeteksi kehadiran
melalui sensor secara real time pengunjung suatu mall

Smart Traffic Retail

Mengelola lalu lintas Memonitor logistik & storage
kendaraan bermotor di jalan barang dan melihat tanggal
kadaluarsa
Security & Emergencies Smart Agriculture
Mendeteksi radiasi dan gas- Mendeteksi kelembaban tanah,
gas yang bisa meledak udara, suhu untuk pertanian

Home Automation Smart Environment

Memonitor penggunan air, listrik, tv, Mendeteksi kebakaran hutan, polusi
pintu, jendela dan penyiram tanaman udara, deteksi dini gempa
bumi/tsunami
 Kelebihan IOT 38

Monitoring & Pengendalian lebih efektif & efisien

Coverage Services/People/Geografis lebih luas

Aplikasi/Layanan baru

Teknologi/Bisnis baru

Lebih Sehat/Aman/Nyaman/Sejahtera

Stakeholder yang luas

 Kekurangan IOT 39

Keamanan

Privasi

Fleksibilitas

Kompleksitas
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Blockchain
(Rantai Blok)
 Apa itu 41

Blockchain?

Blockchain adalah daftar blok data yang tumbuh

dan saling terhubung bersama

Data Data Data

Reference Reference Reference

 Blockchain 42

• Rantai blok, blockchain, atau block chain, adalah record

yang terus berkembang, disebut block, yang terhubung dan
diamankan menggunakan teknik kriptografi.
• Setiap blok memuat hash kriptografis dari blok sebelum-
nya,timestamp, dan data transaksi.
• Secara desain, blockchain resistan terhadap modifikasi data.
Blockchain merupakan sebuah buku besar terdistribusi
(distributed ledger) terbuka yang dapat mencatat transaksi
antara dua pihak secara efisien dan dengan cara yang dapat
diverifikasi dan permanen.

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 Contoh Blockchain 43

• Ticketing: • Insurance:
• Guts • Accenture
• Proof of insurance
• Social Engagement: • Healthcare:
• Matchpool • MedicalChain
• Retail: • MedRec
• Nano Vision.
• Warranteer
• Gem
• Blockpoint • SimplyVital Health
• Loyyal • Real Estate:
• Exotic Cars: • BitProperty
• Deedcoin
• Bitcar • Charity:
• Supply chains and logistics • BitGive
• IBM Blockchain • AidCoin
• Financial Services:
• Food industry • Bitcoin Atom
• Provenance • Securrency
• Blockverify • Ripple
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 Karakteristik Blockchain 44

Immutable Decentralized
Transactions
Ledgers Peers

Encryption Consensus
Smart Contracts
Processes Mechanisms

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 Aplikasi Blockchain 45

Pengelolaan Record (Medis, dll)

Manajemen Identitas (KTP, Karpeg, dll)
Pemrosesan Transaksi
Dokumentasi Barang
Tracking Barang
Pemungutan Suara (Voting)
Dll
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 Kelebihan Blockchain 46

Reduce Costs and Complexity

Improve Discoverability

Trusted Record Keeping

Shared Trusted Processes

 Kekurangan Blockchain 47

Transaksi Sangat Cepat (Millisecond)

Organisasi Kecil

Perubahan Database

Solusi Messaging

Perubahan Proses Transaksi

 Apa itu Bitcoin? 48

Mata Uang internet peer-to-peer yang memungkinkan

decentralized transfers of value antara individuals dan
businesses.
 Bitcoin vs. bitcoins 49

Bitcoin adalah system

bitcoins adalah satuan (units)
 Creating a currency from scratch 50

•Motivation
•Distrust of financial institutions
•Transaction costs
•Primary concerns
•Transaction security
•Double spends
 Sejarah Blockchain (Bitcoin) 51

2008 2009 2010 2011

Konsep/Ide Jaringan Cryptocurrency 1 BC = 1
Bitcoin Bitcoin Stock Exchange I USD

2014 2017
2022 1
2013 1 Bc = Microsoft 1 Bc =
Bc =
100 USD Menerima 1000
9222 USD
Bitcoin USD

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 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 52

1. TEMPUS IV Project: 158644 – JPCR, Development of Regional Interdisciplinary Mechatronic

Studies – DRIMS
2. T. Bryant, S. Engineer, H. Hu, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, 2019.
3. "Blockchains: The great chain of being sure about things". The Economist. 31 October 2015.
Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 3 July 2016. Diakses tanggal 18 June 2020.
4. Morris, David Z. (15 May 2016). "Leaderless, Blockchain-Based Venture Capital Fund Raises $100
Million, And Counting". Fortune. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 21 May 2016. Diakses tanggal
23 May 2020.
5. Popper, Nathan (21 May 2016). "A Venture Fund With Plenty of Virtual Capital, but No Capitalist".
The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 22 May 2016. Diakses tanggal 23 May
2020.
5. Brito, Jerry; Castillo, Andrea (2013). Bitcoin: A Primer for Policymakers (PDF) (Laporan). Fairfax, VA:
Mercatus Center, George Mason University. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 21 September
2013. Diakses tanggal 22 October 2019.
6. Trottier, Leo (18 June 2016). "original-bitcoin" (self-published code collection). github. Diarsipkan
dari versi asli tanggal 17 April 2016. Diakses tanggal 18 June 2020. This is a historical repository
of Satoshi Nakamoto's original bit coin sourcecode
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 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 53

7. Narayanan, Arvind; Bonneau, Joseph; Felten, Edward; Miller, Andrew; Goldfeder, Steven (2016).
Bitcoin and cryptocurrency technologies: a comprehensive introduction. Princeton: Princeton
University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-17169-2.
8. "Blockchain". Investopedia. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 23 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 19
March 2020. Based on the Bitcoin protocol, the blockchain database is shared by all nodes
participating in a system.
9. Lansiti, Marco; Lakhani, Karim R. (January 2017). "The Truth About Blockchain". Harvard Business
Review. Harvard University. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 18 January 2017. Diakses tanggal 17
January 2020. The technology at the heart of bitcoin and other virtual currencies, blockchain is
an open, distributed ledger that can record transactions between two parties efficiently and in a
verifiable and permanent way.
10. https://www.utdallas.edu/infosecurity/files/IoT-by-UT-Dallas-022416.pptx
11. https://www.scnsoft.com/blog/iot-architecture-in-a-nutshell-and-how-it-works

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