Skripsi Excel Mandiri After Trial Eror 14
Skripsi Excel Mandiri After Trial Eror 14
NERACA MASSA
Ditetapkan :
1 tahun =
1 hari =
Kapasitas produksi =
=
=
dengan asumsi batch produksi =
1. Tangki Mixing I
Fungsi : Mencampur tepung tapioka dengan penambahan larutan pengencer (air),
dan CaCl2
F2
Air
CaCl2
F1
Starch
Tangki Mixing
Ketentuan :
1 Konsentrasi slurry pati (karbohidrat) :
2 Kadar Ca2+ sebagai kofaktor bakteri termamyl 120-L dalam CaCl2 adalah
maksimum 100 ppm yang dilarutkan dalam air pengencer.
3 pH = 6
Neraca Massa F1 :
Basis = 100
Komponen %
Karbohidrat (pati) 87.87%
Air 7.80%
Protein 1.60%
Lemak 0.51%
Abu 2.22%
Total 100.00%
Pemilihan kondisi :
1 Konsentrasi slurry pati
2 Kadar Ca2+
3 pH
Massa Solid
=
Massa Solid + Air
92.200
=
92.200 + x
maka,
ppm x wo
w =
1 - ppm
0.0004
w =
1
w = 0.0685
w
Maka kgmol Ca2+ (kg) = =
MW CaCl2
Neraca Massa F3 :
Pati F3 = Pati F1
= 87.8700 kg/jam
Air F3 = Air F1
= 7.8000 kg/jam
= 171.2286 kg/jam
Protein F3 = Protein F1
= 1.6000 kg/jam
Lemak F3 = Lemak F1
= 0.5100 kg/jam
Abu F3 = Abu F1
= 2.2200 kg/jam
CaCl2 F3 = CaCl2 F2
= 0.1898 kg/jam
2. Jet Cooker
Fungsi : Memanaskan suspensi pati sampai hancur dan larut secara sempurna
sehingga kehilangan produk akan lebih kecil, dengan menginjeksikan steam.
F4
F3
Jet Cooker
Larutan pati 35%
Pati = 87.8700 kg/jam
Air 173.9109 kg/jam
Protein 1.6000 kg/jam
Lemak 0.5100 kg/jam
Abu 2.2200 kg/jam
CaCl2 0.1898 kg/jam
Ketika steam berkontak dengan bahan dan terjadi gelatinasi, seluruh massa steam
dianggap berubah menjadi liquid. Dari perhitungan neraca massa energi didapatkan
massa sistem steam yang dibutuhkan sebesar,
Massa steam = 31.4331 kg
3. Reaktor Liquifikasi
Fungsi : Mengkonversikan pati menjadi dekstrin dengan bantuan enzim a-amilase
F6
Enzim
a-amilase
Pati tergelatinasi
Reaktor Liquifikasi
F5
Neraca Massa F6
Dosis enzim a-amilase yang ditambahkan :
0.6 L enzim
a-amilase =
1000 kg pati
0.6 L enzim
a-amilase =
1000 kg pati
a-amilase = 0.0527 L enzim / jam
Sehingga :
Amilosa = 20% x
20
= x
100
= 17.5740 kg/jam
Amilopektin = 80% x
80
x
= 100
= 70.2960 kg/jam
17.5740
=
162000
= 0.00010848
Air mula-mula
n air mula-mula =
Mr Pati
205.3440
=
18
= 11.40799768
4. Reaksi Sakarifikasi
Fungsi : Mengubah larutan dekstrin menjadi larutan dekstrosa dengan penambahan
enzim glukoamilase
Enzim Glukoamilase
F8
Enzym Amiloglukosidae (AMG) yang ditambahkan sebanyak 0.6 liter tiap 1 ton pati
= 70.296
(C6H10O5)1000 mula-mula
162000
= 0.0004
Reaksi II
Glukoamylase
(C6H10O5)1000 + 1000H2O 1000C6H12O6
Pati (kmol) Air
M 0.00043393 11.31084816
R 0.00040828 0.40828090
S 0.00002565 10.90256726
Reaksi III
Glukoamylase
2(C6H10O5)1000 + 1000H2O
Pati (kmol) Air
M 0.00043393 10.90256726
R 0.00001263 0.00631362
S 0.00042130 10.89625363
F11
air pencuci
F10
Rotary Vacuum Drum Filter
F12
cake ke waste
Asumsi inert :
Pati =
Protein =
Lemak =
Abu =
CaCl2 =
a-amilase =
Dekstrin =
Glukoamilase =
Total =
Diketahui :
a. Air pencuci 15% berat filtrat
b. Berat filtrat adalah berat larutan glukosa masuk dikurangi berat inert ikut cak
c. Kandungan air dalam cake 9% dari inert yang ikut cake.
( James, "Cane Sugar Hand Book", hal 191-192)
d. Inert yang ikut larutan glukosa 1% dari total inert.
e. Dextrose yang ikut cake 0,1% dari inert yang ikut cake.
f. Maltosa yang ikut cake 0,1% dari inert yang ikut cake
Dekstrosa yang ikut cake = 0.1% dari inert yang ikut cake
= 0.1% x
= 0.0072 kg
Maltosa yang ikut cake = 0.1% dari inert yang ikut cake
= 0.1% x
= 0.0072 kg
Jumlah cake :
Air = 0.6457 kg
Dekstrosa = 0.0072 kg
Maltosa = 0.0072 kg
Inert = 7.1743 kg
Jumlah = 7.8343 kg
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
F10 (kg/jam) F11 (kg/jam) F12 (kg/jam)
Pati 2.1089 2.0878
Air 196.1326 43.6170 0.6457
Protein 1.6000 1.5840
Lemak 0.5100 0.5049
Abu 2.2200 2.1978
CaCl2 0.1898 0.1879
Dekstrin 0.5016 0.4966
Maltosa 2.9981 0.0072
Dekstrosa 91.5765 0.0072
a-amilase 0.0659 0.0652
Glukoamilase 0.0506 0.0501
HCI 0.0003
Subtotal 297.9542 43.6170 7.8343
Total 341.5712 341.5712
F15
Impuritis Katalis Ca
BM CaCl2 = 111.004
BM HCl = 36.470
BM Ca2+ = 40.080
BM H2O = 18.015
masssa CaCl2
CaCl2 yang bereaksi =
BM CaCl2
0.0019
=
111.004
= 0.000017
H+ dari resin = 2
= 2
= 0.000034
= 0.000034
= 0.000034
= 0.000034
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
F13 (kg/jam) F14 (kg/jam) F15 (kg/jam)
Pati 0.0211
Air 239.1039
Protein 0.0160
Lemak 0.0051
Abu 0.0222
CaCl2 0.0019
Dekstrin 0.0050
Maltosa 2.9909
Dekstrosa 91.5694
a-amilase 0.0007
Glukoamilase 0.0005
HCI 0.0003
H+ dalam resin 0.000034
Ca2+ 0.0007
Subtotal 333.7369 0.000034 0.0007
Total 333.7370 333.7370
F18
ion Cl-
BM OH- = 17 kg/kmol
BM Cl- = 35.45 kg/kmol
H2O total yang terbentuk = H2O mula - mula + H2O dari reaksi anion
= 239.1039 kg
= 239.1046 kg
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
F16 (kg/jam) F17 (kg/jam) F18 (kg/jam)
Pati 0.0211
Air 239.1039
Protein 0.0160
Lemak 0.0051
Abu 0.0222
Dekstrin 0.0050
Maltosa 2.9909
Dekstrosa 91.5694
a-amilase 0.0007
Glukoamilase 0.0005
HCI 0.0015
OH- dalam resin 0.0007
CI- 0.0015
Subtotal 333.7363 0.0007 0.0015
Total 333.7370 333.7370
8. Evaporator I
Fungsi : Menguapkan kadar air dalam larutan dektrosa menjadi 50%
V1=F-L1
F19
F, xf
Efek 1 Efek 2
Steam
L1, X1
S air yang tersisa dalam produk = Total air yang masuk evaporator - Total air y
= 239.1046
= 94.6308
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
F19 (kg/jam) F20 (kg/jam)
Pati 0.0211
Air 239.1046 144.4738
Protein 0.0160
Lemak 0.0051
Abu 0.0222
Dekstrin 0.0050
Maltosa 2.9909
Dekstrosa 91.5694
a-amilase 0.0007
Glukoamilase 0.0005
Subtotal 333.7355 144.4738
Total 333.7355 333.7355
9. Reaktor Isomerasi
Fungsi : Mengubah 50% D-dekstrosa menjadi D-fruktosa dengan penambahan
enzim glukoisomerase
MgSO4.7H2O NaOH
F22
F24
Enzim Glukoisomerase
Enzim Glukoisomerase yang ditambahkan sebanyak 0.6 liter tiap 1 ton pati
Jika ρ glukoisomerase = 0.33
Dosis enzim per kg pati = 0.0002
BM dextrosa = 180
BM Fruktosa = 180
Konversi glukosa menjadi fruktosa = 75%
Masuk
Komponen
Komponen F21 (kg/jam) F22 (kg/jam) F23 (kg/jam)
Pati 0.0211
Air 94.6308 0.0006
Protein 0.0160
Lemak 0.0051
Abu 0.0222
Dekstrin 0.0050
Maltosa 2.9909
Dekstrosa 91.5694
a-amilase 0.0007
Glukoamilase 0.0005
MgSO4.7H2O 0.0155
NaOH 0.000002
Glukoisomerase
Fruktosa
Sub Total 189.2617 0.0155 0.0006
Total 189.2960
Fruktosa F25
TANGKI MIXING II
Dari reaktor isomerase
Total air di tangki mixing II = Air pelarut HCI + Air dari feed
= 0.0609 kg
= 94.6924 kg
Masuk Keluar
Komponen F25 (kg/jam) F26 (kg/jam) F27 (kg/jam)
Pati 0.0211 0.0211
Air 94.6315 0.0609 94.6924
Protein 0.0160 0.0160
Lemak 0.0051 0.0051
Abu 0.0222 0.0222
Dekstrin 0.0050 0.0050
Maltosa 2.9909 2.9909
Dekstrosa 22.8923 22.8923
a-amilase 0.0007 0.0007
Glukoamilase 0.0005 0.0005
MgSO4.7H2O 0.0155 0.0155
NaOH 0.000002 0.0000
Glukoisomerase 0.0181 0.0181
HCl - 0.0002 0.0002
Fruktosa 68.6770 68.6770
Sub Total 189.2960 0.0611 189.3571
Total 189.3571 189.3571
Karbon Aktif
F28
Fruktosa F27
TANGKI KARBONASI
Penambahan karbon aktif adalah 0.1% bahan kering gula didalam larutan
Berat kering = Total - Air
= 189.3571 kg -
= 94.6647 kg
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
F27 (kg/jam) F28 (kg/jam) F29 (kg/jam)
Pati 0.0211 0.0211
Air 94.6924 94.6924
Protein 0.0160 0.0160
Lemak 0.0051 0.0051
Abu 0.0222 0.0222
Dekstrin 0.0050 0.0050
Maltosa 2.9909 2.9909
Dekstrosa 22.8923 22.8923
a-amilase 0.0007 0.0007
Glukoamilase 0.0005 0.0005
MgSO4.7H2O 0.0155 0.0155
NaOH 0.000002 0.0000
Glukoisomerase 0.0181 0.0181
HCl 0.0002 0.0002
Fruktosa 68.6770 68.6770
Karbon aktif - 0.0947 0.0947
Sub Total 189.3571 0.0947 189.4518
Total 189.4518 189.4518
Larutan Fruktosa
FILTER PRESS
Dari Tangki Penampung F29
F30
Karbon aktif, MgSO4, a-amilase, Glukoamilase, Glukoisom
Cake kering :
Cake kering (MgSO4.7H2O) = 0.0155
Cake kering inert filtrat = 0.0706
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
F29 (kg/jam) F30 (kg/jam)
Pati 0.0211 0.0211
Air 94.6924 0.0201
Protein 0.0160 0.0160
Lemak 0.0051 0.0051
Abu 0.0222 0.0222
Dekstrin 0.0050 0.0050
Maltosa 2.9909 0.0299
Dekstrosa 22.8923 0.2289
a-amilase 0.0007 0.0007
Glukoamilase 0.0005 0.0005
MgSO4.7H2O 0.0155 0.0155
NaOH 0.000002 0.00000002
Glukoisomerase 0.0181 0.0181
HCl 0.0002 0.000002
Fruktosa 68.6770 0.6868
Karbon aktif 0.0947 0.0947
Sub Total 189.4518 1.1646
Total 189.4518 189.4518
F33
Impuritis Katalis Na
BM NaOH = 40.000
BM HCl = 36.470
BM Na2+ = 23.000
BM H2O = 18.015
masssa NaOH
NaOH yang bereaksi =
BM NaOH
0.000002
=
40.000
= 0.00000005
H+ dari resin = 1
= 1
= 0.00000005
= 0.00000005
= 0.00000005
= 0.00000005
F35
Fruktosa F34
Anion Exchanger
dari Kation Exchanger
F36
ion Cl-
BM OH- = 17 kg/kmol
BM Cl -
= 35.45 kg/kmol
BM HCl = 36.470 kg/kmol
BM H2O = 18.015 kg/kmol
Reaksi yang terjadi :
RNR3OH + HCl
Digunakan resin penukar anion berbasis Epoxy Plamine
Massa HCl
HCl yang bereaksi =
BM HCl
0.0002
=
36.470
= 0.000005
15. Evaporator II
Fungsi : Menguapkan kadar air dalam larutan fruktosa menjadi 72%
V1=F-L1
F37
F, xf
Efek 1 Efek 2
Steam
L1, X1
encer (air),
F3
Slurry starch
kg/batch
Massa (kg)
87.8700
7.8000
1.6000
0.5100
2.2200
100.000
= 35% solid
= 400 ppm
= 6
0.35
0.35
+ air)
x air
171.2286 kg
163.4286 kg
ppm
2 Cl-
ppm x wo
1 - ppm
x 171.2286
- 0.0004
kg
0.0685
= 0.0017
40.08 kgmol
1.7096 L
- Massa CaCl2
- 0.1898 kg
+ Air F2
+ 163.4286 kg/jam
jeksikan steam.
Steam
F5 Pati tergelatinasi
Jet Cooker
105 - 107 o
C
5 - 10 menit
m
an
atm
o
C
r x V a-amilase
1.25 kg/L x 0.0527 L/jam
0.0659 kg/jam
%
%
total pati
87.8700 kg/jam
total pati
87.8700 kg/jam
0
O5)10 + 250 (C12H22O11) + 250 (C6H12O6)
Maltosa Dekstosa
kg/jam
kg/kmol
kmol/jam
Air mula-mula
Mr Pati
kg/jam
kg/kmol
kmol/jam
500 C12H22O11
0.002473377778
0.002473377778
1000 C6H12O6
0.000325444444
0.000325444444
x 1620
kg
x 342
kg
x 180
kg
penambahan
lukoamilase
HCl F9
F10 Dekstrosa
Reaktor Sakarifikasi
(Sirup Glukosa)
= 0.000001 mol/liter
= 0.000032 mol/liter
= 0.1 mol/liter
x BM HCl x 1 kg/1000g
kg
kg/liter (Perry,1997)
Volume HCI
0.0820 L
x
+ 205.2936 kg
kg/liter
kg/liter
0.00072 x 70.296
0.05061 kg
kg/kmol
kg/kmol
kg/kmol
kg/kmol
70.296
162000
0.0004 kmol
Glukoamylase
10 C6H12O6
Dekstrosa (kmol)
0.10011300 1.80203405466667
0.10011300
Dextrosa (kmol)
0.40828090 7.34905626666667
0.40828090
1000C12H22O11
Maltosa (kmol)
0.00631362 0.1136452
0.00631362
kmol
kg
kmol
kg
kmol
kg
kmol
kg 91.5902126627849 91.510903
kmol
kg 2.1592588 2.1592588
F10 (kg/jam)
2.1089
196.1326
1.6000
0.5100
2.2200
0.1898
0.5016
2.9981
91.5765
0.0659
0.0506
0.0003
297.9542
297.9542
F11
air pencuci
F13
uum Drum Filter
F12
cake ke waste
2.1089 kg
1.6000 kg
0.5100 kg
2.2200 kg
0.1898 kg
0.0659 kg
0.5016 kg
0.0506 kg
7.2468 kg
7.2468
290.7800
Keluar
F13 (kg/jam)
0.0211
239.1039
0.0160
0.0051
0.0222
0.0019
0.0050
2.9909
91.5694
0.0007
0.0005
0.0003
333.7369
341.5712
dekstrosa, yaitu
Dekstrosa
EXCHANGER F16
Ke Anion Exchanger
is Katalis Ca
kg/kmol
kg/kmol
kg/kmol
kg/kmol
+ 2 HCl
(Soebiyanto, 1993)
masssa CaCl2
BM CaCl2
0.0019 kg
111.004 kg/kmol
kmol
x CaCl2 yg bereaksi
x 0.000017 kmol
kmol
kmol x BM HCI
kmol x 36.470 Kg/kmol
kg
Keluar
F16 (kg/jam)
0.0211
239.1039
0.0160
0.0051
0.0222
0.0050
2.9909
91.5694
0.0007
0.0005
0.0015
333.7363
333.7370
m dekstrosa, yaitu
F19 Dekstrosa
ger
ke evaporator
RNR3Cl + H2O
x BM H2O
x 18.015 kg/kmol
x BM OH-
kmol x 17 kg/kmol
x BM Cl-
kmol x 35.45 kg/kmol
Keluar
F19 (kg/jam)
0.0211
239.1046
0.0160
0.0051
0.0222
0.0050
2.9909
91.5694
0.0007
0.0005
333.7355
333.7370
k2
kg
kg
kg
+ L.xL
+ L 0.5
L
Kg
Kg
kg
- L
Kg - 189.2617 kg
kg
Keluar
F21 (kg/jam)
0.0211
94.6308
0.0160
0.0051
0.0222
0.0050
2.9909
91.5694
0.0007
0.0005
189.2617
333.7355
NaOH
F23
F25 D-Fruktosa
omerisasi
(Sirup Glukosa)
lukoisomerase
kg/liter Uhlig,1998
kg/liter
0.00020 x 91.569
0.0181 kg
= 3.16E-10 mol/liter
= 3.16E-07 mol/liter
= 0.1 mol/liter
x NaOH x 1 kg/1000g
kg
kg/liter (Perry,1997)
Volume NaOH
0.0005 L
x
+ 94.6308 kg
kg/kmol
kg/kmol
kmol
kg
kmol
kg
Keluar
F24 (kg/jam) F25 (kg/jam)
0.0211
94.6315
0.0160
0.0051
0.0222
0.0050
2.9909
22.8923
0.0007
0.0005
0.0155
0.0000
0.0181 0.0181
68.6770
0.018131 189.2960
189.2960
F27 Fruktosa
I MIXING II
Ke Kolom Karbonasi
= 0.00000003 mol/liter
= 0.00003162 mol/liter
= 0.1 mol/liter
x BM HCl x 1 kg/1000g
kg
kg/liter (Perry,1997)
Volume HCI
0.0482 L
x
+ 94.6315 kg
han sebelumnya
F29 Fruktosa
Ke Filter Press
94.6924 kg
x berat kering
x 94.6647 kg
kg
koamilase, dan Glukoisomerase
Larutan fruktosa
ER PRESS F31
Ke Tangki Penampung
kg
kg
kg
kg
- Cake kering
- 0.1808
kg
- 0.686770
67.99025 kg
- 0.228923
22.6634 kg
- 0.000002
0.0002 kg
- 0.02991
2.9610 kg
- 0.00000002
0.000002 kg
0.0155 kg
0.0706 kg
0.0947 kg
Keluar
F31 (kg/jam)
-
94.6723
-
-
-
-
2.9610
22.6634
-
-
-
0.000002
-
0.0002
67.9902
-
188.2872
189.4518
fruktosa, yaitu
Fruktosa
EXCHANGER F34
Ke Anion Exchanger
s Katalis Na
kg/kmol
kg/kmol
kg/kmol
kg/kmol
+ H2O
(Soebiyanto, 1993)
masssa NaOH
BM NaOH
0.000002 kg
40.000 kg/kmol
kmol
x NaOH yg bereaksi
x 0.00000005 kmol
kmol
kmol x BM H2O
kmol x 18.015 Kg/kmol
kg
Keluar
F34 (kg/jam)
94.6723
2.9610
22.6634
-
0.0002
67.9902
-
188.2872
188.2872
m dekstrosa, yaitu
F37 Fruktosa
ger
ke evaporator
RNR3Cl + H2O
Massa HCl
BM HCl
0.0002
36.470
kmol
Keluar
F37 (kg/jam)
94.6724
2.9610
22.6634
67.9902
188.2871
188.2873
k2
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
F1 (kg/jam) F2 (kg/jam) F3 (kg/jam)
Pati 6527.2330 6527.2330
Air 579.4061 12339.1892 12918.5953
Protein 118.8525 118.8525
Lemak 37.8842 37.8842
Abu 164.9079 164.9079
CaCI2 14.0989 14.0989
Sub Total 7428.2839 12353.2881 19781.5719
Total 19781.5719 19781.5719
2. Jet Cooker
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
F3 (kg/jam) F4 (kg/jam) F5 (kg/jam)
Pati 6527.2330 6527.2330
Air 12918.5953 2334.9399 15253.5352
Protein 118.8525 118.8525
Lemak 37.8842 37.8842
Abu 164.9079 164.9079
CaCI2 14.0989 14.0989
Sub Total 19781.5719 2334.9399 22116.5118
Total 22116.5118 22116.5118
3. Reaktor Likuifikasi
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
F5 (kg/jam) F6 (kg/jam) F7 (kg/jam)
Pati 6527.2330 5221.7864
Air 15253.5352 15249.7913
Protein 118.8525 118.8525
Lemak 37.8842 37.8842
Abu 164.9079 164.9079
CaCI2 14.0989 14.0989
Dekstrin 1242.0016
Maltosa 62.8359
Dekstrosa 4.3530
α-amilase 4.8952 4.8952
Sub Total 22116.5118 22121.4070
Total 22121.4070 22121.4070
4. Reaksi Sakarifikasi
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
F7 (kg/jam) F8 (kg/jam) F9 (kg/jam) F10 (kg/jam)
Pati 5221.7864 156.6551
Air 15249.7913 7.7031 14569.2863
Protein 118.8525 118.8525
Lemak 37.8842 37.8842
Abu 164.9079 164.9079
CaCI2 14.0989 14.0989
Dekstrin 1242.0016 37.2603
Maltosa 62.8359 222.7074
Dekstrosa 4.3530 6802.5624
α-amilase 4.8952 4.8952
Glukoamilasse 3.7587 3.7587
HCl 0.0223 0.0223
Sub Total 22121.4070 3.7587 7.7254 22132.8912
Total 22132.8912 22132.8912
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
F13 (kg/jam) F14 (kg/jam) F15 (kg/jam) F16 (kg/jam)
Pati 1.5674 1.5674
Air 17761.3164 17761.3164
Protein 1.1885 1.1885
Lemak 0.3788 0.3788
Abu 1.6491 1.6491
CaCI2 0.1411
Dekstrin 0.3714 0.3714
Maltosa 222.1725 222.1725
Dekstrosa 6802.0275 6802.0275
α-amilase 0.0520 0.0520
Glukoamilasse 0.0371 0.0371
HCI 0.0223 0.1149
H+ dalam resin 0.0026
Ca2+ 0.0511
Sub Total 24790.9243 0.0026 0.0511 24790.8757
Total 24790.9268 24790.9268
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
F16 (kg/jam) F17 (kg/jam) F18 (kg/jam) F19 (kg/jam)
Pati 1.5674 1.5674
Air 17761.3164 17761.3712
Protein 1.1885 1.1885
Lemak 0.3788 0.3788
Abu 1.6491 1.6491
Dekstrin 0.3714 0.3714
Maltosa 222.1725 222.1725
Dekstrosa 6802.0275 6802.0275
α-amilase 0.0520 0.0520
Glukoamilasse 0.0371 0.0371
HCI 0.1149
OH- dalam resin 0.0520
CI- 0.1121
Sub Total 24790.8757 0.0520 0.1121 24790.8156
Total 24790.9277 24790.9277
8. Evaporator I
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
F19 (kg/jam) F20 (kg/jam) F21 (kg/jam)
Pati 1.5674 1.5674
Air 17761.3712 10731.9240 7029.4472
Protein 1.1885 1.1885
Lemak 0.3788 0.3788
Abu 1.6491 1.6491
Dekstrin 0.3714 0.3714
Maltosa 222.1725 222.1725
Dekstrosa 6802.0275 6802.0275
α-amilase 0.0520 0.0520
Glukoamilase 0.0371 0.0371
Sub Total 24790.8156 10731.9240 14058.8917
Total 24790.8156 24790.8156
9. Reaktor Isomerasi
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
F21 (kg/jam) F22 (kg/jam) F23 (kg/jam) F24 (kg/jam) F25 (kg/jam)
Pati 1.5674 1.5674
Air 7029.4472 0.0446 7029.4918
Protein 1.1885 1.1885
Lemak 0.3788 0.3788
Abu 1.6491 1.6491
Dekstrin 0.3714 0.3714
Maltosa 222.1725 222.1725
Dekstrosa 6802.0275 1700.50502525
α-amilase 0.0520 0.0520
Glukoamilase 0.0371 0.0371
MgSO4.7H2O 1.1514 1.1514
NaOH 0.0001 0.0001
Glukoisomerase 1.3445 1.3445
Fruktosa 5101.52250403
Sub Total 14058.8917 1.1514 0.0447 1.3445 14061.4323
Total 14061.4323 14061.4323
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
F25 (kg/jam) F26 (kg/jam) F27 (kg/jam)
Pati 1.5674 1.5674
Air 7029.4918 3.3799 7032.8717
Protein 1.1885 1.1885
Lemak 0.3788 0.3788
Abu 1.6491 1.6491
Dekstrin 0.3714 0.3714
Maltosa 222.1725 222.1725
Dekstrosa 1700.5050 1700.5050
α-amilase 0.0520 0.0520
Glukoamilase 0.0371 0.0371
MgSO4.7H2O 1.1514 1.1514
NaOH 0.0001 0.0001
Glukoisomerase 1.3445 1.3445
Fruktosa 5101.5225 5101.5225
HCI 0.0074 0.0074
Sub Total 14061.4323 3.3873 14064.8196
Total 14064.8196 14064.8196
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
F27 (kg/jam) F28 (kg/jam) F29 (kg/jam)
Pati 1.5674 1.5674
Air 7032.8717 7032.8717
Protein 1.1885 1.1885
Lemak 0.3788 0.3788
Abu 1.6491 1.6491
Dekstrin 0.3714 0.3714
Maltosa 222.1725 222.1725
Dekstrosa 1700.5050 1700.5050
α-amilase 0.0520 0.0520
Glukoamilase 0.0371 0.0371
MgSO4.7H2O 1.1514 1.1514
NaOH 0.0001 0.0001
Glukoisomerase 1.3445 1.3445
Fruktosa 5101.5225 5101.5225
HCI 0.0074 0.0074
Karbon aktif 7.0346 7.0346
Sub Total 14064.8196 7.0346 14071.8542
Total 14071.8542 14071.8542
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
F29 (kg/jam) F30 (kg/jam) F31 (kg/jam)
Pati 1.5674 1.5674
Air 7032.8717 1.4931 7031.3786
Protein 1.1885 1.1885
Lemak 0.3788 0.378842477
Abu 1.6491 1.649079016
Dekstrin 0.3714 0.3714
Maltosa 222.1725 2.2211 219.9515
Dekstrosa 1700.5050 17.0033 1683.5017
α-amilase 0.0520 0.0520
Glukoamilase 0.0371 0.0371
MgSO4.7H2O 1.1514 1.1514
NaOH 0.0001 0.0000015 0.0001
Glukoisomerase 1.3445 1.3445
Fruktosa 5101.5225 51.0175 5050.5051
HCI 0.0074 0.0001 0.0074
Karbon aktif 7.0346 7.0346
Sub Total 14071.8542 86.5099 13985.3443
Total 14071.8542 14071.8542
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
F31 (kg/jam) F32 (kg/jam) F33 (kg/jam) F34 (kg/jam)
Air 7031.3786 7031.3786
Maltosa 219.9515 219.9515
Dekstrosa 1683.5017 1683.5017
NaOH 0.0001
HCI 0.0074 0.0074
Fruktosa 5050.5051 5050.5051
H+ dalam resin 0.000004
Na2+ 0.0002
Sub Total 13985.3443 0.000004 0.0002 13985.3441
Total 13985.3443 13985.3443
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
F34 (kg/jam) F35 (kg/jam) F36 (kg/jam) F37 (kg/jam)
Air 7031.3786 7031.3860
Maltosa 219.9515 219.9515
Dekstrosa 1683.5017 1683.5017
HCI 0.0074
Fruktosa 5050.5051 5050.5051
OH- dalam resin 0.0074
CI- 0.0074
Sub Total 13985.3441 0.0074 0.0074 13985.3442
Total 13985.3516 13985.3516
15. Evaporator II
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
F37 (kg/jam) F38 (kg/jam) P (kg/jam)
Air 7031.3860 2077.1562 4954.2298
Maltosa 219.9515 219.9515
Dekstrosa 1683.5017 1683.5017
Fruktosa 5050.5051 5050.5051
Sub Total 13985.3442 2077.1562 11908.1881
Total 13985.3442 13985.3442
LAMPIRAN
NERACA ENERGI
Suhu Referensi = 25 oC
Data-data Cp :
Referensi Komponen
Perry, 7th Dekstrin = 0.291 + 0.00096 T (kal/goC) (Perry, 7th)
o
= 0.000179 + 0.000000593 T (kkal/kg C)
Suhu (oC) 30
o
Cp (kkal/kg C) 0.00019679
1. JET COOKER
Fungsi : Memanaskan pati hingga tergelatinisasi
Steam Q loss
F2 F3
= 509.4904 kkal/kg
Q loss
Data BM Zat :
BM Pati = 162000 kg/kmol
BM Dekstrin = 1620 kg/kmol
BM H2O = 18 kg/kmol
BM Maltosa = 342 kg/kmol
BM Dekstrosa = 180 kg/kmol
Data panas pembakaran : (Hougen, tabel XV-continued,
DHc (C6H10O5)1000 (Pati) = -4179
= -676.9980
DHc (C6H10O5)500 (Dekstrin) = -4110
= -6.6582
DHc C12H22O11 (Maltosa) = -1350
= -0.4617
DHc C6H12O6 (Dekstrosa) = -673
= -0.1212
Panas reaksi :
DH25 = DHc reaktan - DHc produk
= ((mol x DHc pati) + (mol x DHc H2O)) - ((mol x DHc dekstr
+ (mol x DHc maltosa) + (mol x DHc dekstrin))
= -0.24876904 + 0
= 4.94362 kkal
DH produk = (m x Cp x D T) Dekstrosa + (m x Cp x DT) Maltosa
+ (m x Cp x DT) Dekstrin) + m sisa reaktan
= 91.412 + 1407.523
= 1195840.693 kkal
Qloss = 3% Q steam
= -29824.95958547
Massa steam = Qs / λ
-29824.959585
=
507.069047619
= -58.81833988 kg
Reaktor
Larutan dekstrin Sakarifikasi
Panas reaksi :
DH25 = DHc reaktan - DHc produk
= ((mol x DHc dekstrin) + (mol x DHc H2O)) - (mol x DHc dek
= -4.9515 + 0
= -4.0498 kkal
DH produk = m dekstrosa x Cp x DT
= 6802.562 x
= 71426.905
Reaksi II :
1000(C6H10O5) + 1000H2O
pati water
Panas reaksi :
∆H25 = ∆Hc reaktan - ∆Hc produk
= ((mol x ∆Hc pati) + (mol x ∆Hc H2O)) - (mol x ∆Hc dekstros
= -20.532174382 + 0
= -16.855024321 kkal
Reaksi III :
2(C6H10O5)1000 + 1000H2O 1000C12H22O11
Pati air maltose
Panas reaksi :
∆H25 = ∆Hc reaktan - ∆Hc produk
= ((mol x ∆Hc pati) + (mol x ∆Hc H2O)) - (mol x ∆Hc maltosa
= -0.418481274172936 kkal
Q loss = 3% H1
= 0.03 x 605208.855
= 18156.2656566419 kkal
35 60 70
0.000199755 0.00021458 0.00022051
35 60 90 105
0.184805 0.18538 0.18607 0.186415
30 35 70 80 90 105
0.153284 0.153458 0.154676 0.155024 0.155372 0.155894
angki Penampung
Q = mCpDT (kkal)
11324.7492976483
64592.9765457286
155.6968
179.5334
689.315028734533
10.7456044838785
76953.0167559205
Q = mCpDT (kkal)
181195.988762373
1220282.81615987
2491.1493
2872.53519513463
11029.0404597525
174.853216071039
1418046.3831
1 kkal
4.18 kg
Hugot
1418046.3831
41477.1144
1459523.4975
Dekstrin dan pati
0.00036746 kmol
0.183729522173396 kmol
0.024174937128078 kmol
0.183729522173396 kmol
0.766667839455127 kmol
- 1194322.586
(endoterm)
+ DH reaksi + Qloss
+ 1523.050 - 1210338.488
0.97
kkal
1210338.488
1523.050
-894.749
1210966.7899
Larutan dekstrin + pati
Glukoamylase
0 H 2O 10 (C6H12O6)
Air (kmol) Dekstrosa (kmol)
tabel XV-continued, halaman 263)
kkal/kmol
kkal/kmol
0.743667804271473 kmol
7.43667804271473 kmol
7.43667804271473 kmol
0.3 x 35
kkal
+ m H2O x Cp x DT
509925.019
kkal
71426.905 - 509925.307
kkal
1000C6H12O6
dekstrosa
kmol
kmol
kmol
t) sisa reaktan
- 511827.595
maltose
kmol
kmol
kmol
514321.918 - 511827.595
+ DHor reaksi 3
+ 2493.904
DT = 42oC - 30oC = 12 o
C
593037.619
-364598.498
18156.266
358613.469
605208.855
Joule = 0.24 kal
Joule = 1 kkal
Kj = 1 kkal
6. EVAPORATOR (V-250 & V-260)
Fungsi : Menguapkan kadar air dalam larutan dextrosa menjadi 50%
F19
F, xf
Evaporator 1 Evaporator 2
Steam
Steam yang digunakan bertekanan kPa, dari data steam table dapat diketahui :
T = 145 ºC
HL = 610.61 kj/kg
Hv = 2740.3 kj/kg
λ = 2129.69 kj/kg
Interpolasi
(P
T2 = T1 +
( P2
13.65
50 +
= 15.758
= 51.907276995305 OC
(P
hv = hv1 +
( P2
13.65
= 2592.1 +
15.758
= 2595.4568075117 Kj/kg
= 2595.4568075117 Kj/kg x
= 620.9227 kkal/kg
(P
hL = hL1 +
( P2
13.65
209.31 +
= 15.758
= 217.27860328639 Kj/kg
= 51.980527102006 kkal/kg
Maka,
λ = hv -
= 568.9422 kkal/kg
Tekanan uap
T2sat hL (kkal/kg)
(kpa)
13.65 51.90727699531 51.980527102006
F = 24790.8156 kg
xf = 0.283550349817079
x2 = 0.5
Untuk short tube vertical evaporator, harga U berkisar antara 200-500 Btu/h.ft2.0F. (Geankoplis)
U1 = 550 Btu/h.ft2.0F =
U2 = 350 Btu/h.ft2.0F =
Sehingga :
1/U1 = 0.000320198266767 kcal/h.m2
1/U2 = 0.000503168704919 kcal/h.m2
∆T 1 = ∑ ∆T x 1/U1
1/U1 + 1/U2
= 89.18903021169 x 0.0003201983
0.000320198267 + 0.0005031687
= 34.6846228601 oC
∆T 2 = ∑ ∆T x 1/U2
1/U1 + 1/U2
= 89.18903021169 x 0.0005031687
0.000320198267 + 0.0005031687
= 54.50440735159 oC
estimate: ∆T 1= 34.6846228601 oC
∆T 2= 54.50440735159 oC
1) T1 = Ts1 -
= 145 -
= 110.315377139899
Ts1 = 145 ºC
2) T2 = T1 -
= 110.315377139899 -
= 54.3522769953052
Ts2 = T1 -
= 110.315377139899 -
= 108.856684346892
Evaporator I
Ts1 = 145 ºC
T1 = 110.3153771399 ºC
Evaporator II
Ts2 = 108.8567 ºC
T2 = 54.3523 ºC
Condenser
Ts3 = 51.90727699531 ºC
Nilai entalphi tiap evaporator diperoleh dengan interpolasi dari steam table M.D. Koretsky :
T HL Hv
Ts1 145 146.078947368421 655.574162679426
T1 110.32 110.671427827486 644.012695145897
Ts2 108.86 109.195230004464 643.478299974692
T2 54.352 54.4243572455466 621.952154907114
Ts3 51.907 51.980527102006 620.922681222904
Evaporator II
H2 = Hs3 + 1.884
= 620.9226812229 + 1.884
= 625.5290612229 kcal/kg
λ2 = H1 - hs2
= 644.013 - 109.19523
= 534.817 kcal/kg
Evaporator I
F x Cp x ( T- Tref )
24790.8 x 0.839 x 55
Evaporator II
L1 x Cp1 x ( T1 - Tref )
L1 x 0.80 x 85.315
67.83760016425 L1 +
Steam
509.50 S = -578.389
509.50 S = -9266260.65457272
509.50 S = 5610295.128
S = 11011.4775557805
V1 = F - L1
V1 = 24790.8 - 16020.8140621842
V1 = 8770.00 kg
V2 = L1 - L2
V2 = 16020.8140622 - 7029.447
V2 = 8991.367 kg
q2 = V1 x λs2
= 2.436111542114 x 2233303.232
= 5440575.78167337 W
Sehingga :
A1 = Q1/(U1 x ∆T1)
= 60.136962601797 m2
A2 = Q2/(U2 x ∆T2)
= 50.2258001343043 m2
Q yg disupply steam = S x
= 11011.4775557805 x
= 5610295.12817469
Panas uap V1 = V1 x
= 8770.00 x
= 981743.855068717 kkal
Panas uap V2 = V2 x
= 8991.367 x
= 5624361.26479041 kkal
maka :
Q yang di supplay = m
4664492.81593047 = m
= 9155.1258496
Perhitungan Q suplay :
H feed + Q supplay =
28651.312 + Q supplay =
0.97 Q supplay =
Q supplay =
maka :
Q yang di supplay = m
6933576.77794607 = m
m = 12977.3469676522
Perhitungan Q suplay :
H feed + Q supplay =
1086813.579 + Q supplay =
0.97 Q supplay =
Q supplay =
maka :
Q yang di supplay = m
4830580.7759148 = m
m = 9041.23871299903
Kondisi operasi :
Cooling Water Keluar =
Waktu Proses =
Superheated Vapor (Uap H2O) Masuk =
Cooling Water Masuk =
Subcooled Condensate Keluar =
Qserap = m.Cp.ΔT
m air pendingin Qserap
= Cp . ΔT
5115571.057
= 0.9987 x 15
= 341481.997043628 kg
9. Reaktor Isomerasi
Fungsi : Mengubah 50% D-dekstrosa menjadi D-fruktosa dengan penambahan
enzim glukoisomerase
Qloss
Enzim Glukoisomerase
C6H12O6 C6H12O6
D-glukosa D-fruktosa
Panas reaksi :
DH25 = DHc reaktan - DHc produk
= (mol x DHc dekstrosa) -
= -3.4303525410232 -
= 0.010194212603338
Q produk = (m x Cp x D T) Fruktosa
= 49102.1541 kkal
Q reaktan = (m x Cp x D T) Dekstrosa
= 17855.3028 kkal
Qloss = 3% Q steam
Q masuk + Q steam =
Q steam =
Massa steam = Qs / λ
= 27612.9786381198 kkal
509.495215311005 kkal/kg
= 54.196737885486 kg
10. Evaporator II
Fungsi : Menguapkan kadar air dalam larutan fruktosa menjadi 72%
V1=F-L1
<13>
F, xf
Efek 1 Efek 2
S, Ts1
L1, X1, T1
Steam yang digunakan bertekanan 450 kPa, dari data steam table dapat diketahui :
T = 145 ºC
HL = 610.61 kj/kg
Hv = 2740.3 kj/kg
λ = 2129.69 kj/kg
Interpolasi
(P
T2 = T1 +
( P2
13.65
50 +
= 15.758
= 51.907276995305 OC
(P
hv = hv1 +
( P2
13.65
= 2592.1 +
15.758
= 2595.4568075117 Kj/kg
= 2595.4568075117 Kj/kg x
= 620.9227 kkal/kg
(P
hL = hL1 +
( P2
13.65
209.31 +
= 15.758
= 217.27860328639 Kj/kg
= 51.980527102006 kkal/kg
Maka,
λ = hv -
= 568.9422 kkal/kg
Tekanan uap
T2sat hL (kkal/kg)
(kpa)
13.65 51.90727699531 51.980527102006
F = 13985.3442 kg
xf = 0.9932
x2 = 0.72
Untuk short tube vertical evaporator, harga U berkisar antara 200-500 Btu/h.ft2.0F. (Geankoplis)
U1 = 550 Btu/h.ft2.0F =
U2 = 350 Btu/h.ft2.0F =
Sehingga :
1/U1 = 0.000320 kcal/h.m2
1/U2 = 0.000503 kcal/h.m3
∆T 1 = ∑ ∆T x 1/U1
1/U1 + 1/U2
= 79.5169 x 0.00032
0.00032 + 0.00050
= 30.92323 o
C
∆T 2 = ∑ ∆T x 1/U2
1/U1 + 1/U2
= 79.5169 x 0.00050
0.00032 + 0.00050
= 48.59365 o
C
estimate: ∆T 1= 30.9232 oC
∆T 2= 48.5936 oC
1) T1 = Ts1 -
= 145 -
= 114.0768
Ts1 = 145 ºC
2) T2 = T1 -
= 114.076768732624 -
= 56.4133
Ts2 = T1 -
= 114.0768 -
= 105.0070
Evaporator I
Ts1 = 145 ºC
T1 = 114.0768 ºC
Evaporator II
Ts2 = 105.0070 ºC
T2 = 56.4133 ºC
Condenser
Ts3 = 51.90727699531 ºC
Nilai entalphi tiap evaporator diperoleh dengan interpolasi dari steam table M.D. Koretsky :
T HL Hv
Ts1 145 655.574162679426 509.495215311005
T1 114.08 114.485010978197 645.362476817927
Ts2 105.01 105.301312588659 642.059985684167
T2 56.413 56.4844190981782 622.819964591325
Ts3 51.907 51.980527102006 620.922681222904
Evaporator II
H2 = Hs3 + 1.884
= 620.9226812229 + 1.884
= 629.4120756549 kcal/kg
λ2 = H1 - hs2
= 645.362 - 105.30131259
= 540.061 kcal/kg
Evaporator I
F x Cp x ( T- Tref )
13985.3 x 0.442 x 55
Evaporator II
L1 x Cp1 x ( T1 - Tref )
L1 x 0.40 x 89.077
35.39039774887 L1 +
Steam
-146.08 S = -623.757
-146.08 S = -5809870.15710322
-146.08 S = 3068640.591
S = -21006.7271569157
V1 = F - L1
V1 = 13985.3 - 9314.31535509829
V1 = 4671.03 kg
V2 = L1 - L2
V2 = 9314.3153551 - 4954.230
V2 = 4360.086 kg
q2 = V1 x λs2
= 1.297508016158 x 2243651.254
= 2911155.48692911 W
Sehingga :
A1 = Q1/(U1 x ∆T1)
= 36.8938446502565 m2
A2 = Q2/(U2 x ∆T2)
= 30.1439048572758 m2
Q yg disupply steam = S x
= -21006.7271569157 x
= 3068640.59073787
Panas uap V1 = V1 x
= 4671.03 x
= 571681.642969831 kkal
Panas uap V2 = V2 x
= 4360.086 x
= 2744290.47655406 kkal
Perhitungan Q suplay :
H feed + Q supplay =
370793.050 + Q supplay =
0.97 Q supplay =
Q supplay =
maka :
Q yang di supplay = m
2542329.40919779 = m
= -17403.80428
Perhitungan Q suplay :
H feed + Q supplay =
15090.631 + Q supplay =
0.97 Q supplay =
Q supplay =
maka :
Q yang di supplay = m
3498395.45301452 = m
m = 6517.63190492877
Perhitungan Q suplay :
H feed + Q supplay =
329637.325 + Q supplay =
0.97 Q supplay =
Q supplay =
maka :
Q yang di supplay = m
2584757.99165018 = m
m = 4815.49366821364
Barometric
Uap H2O (25) Condenser
51.9073oC
Cooling water out (27)
45oC
Kondisi operasi :
Cooling Water Keluar =
Waktu Proses =
Superheated Vapor (Uap H2O) Masuk =
Cooling Water Masuk =
Subcooled Condensate Keluar =
Qserap = m.Cp.ΔT
m air pendingin Qserap
= Cp . ΔT
2480638.112
= 0.9987 x 15
= 165591.142609574 kg
509.495215311 kkal/kg
- P1 )
X ( T2 - T1 )
- P1 )
- 12.35
X 55 - 50
- 12.35
- P1 )
X ( hv2 - hv1 )
- P1 )
- 12.35
X 2600.9 - 2592.1
- 12.35
1 kkal
4.18 kj
- P1 )
X ( hL2 - hL1 )
- P1 )
- 12.35
X 230.2 - 209.31
- 12.35
hL
Hv (kkal/kg) λ (kkal/kg)
620.9227 568.9422
= 24790.8156
= 7029.4444
= 17761.3711743
assuming V1
L1= 19424.8536 kg Tanyakan sama ibu
ºC
ºC
ºC
51.9072769953 - 3.90369279300708
ºC
F. (Geankoplis)
3123.065 W/m2.K
1987.405 W/m2.K
0
C
0
C
∆T1
34.6846228601008
ºC
BPR1 - ∆T2
1.45869279301 - 54.5044073516
ºC
BPR1
1.45869279301
ºC
2.35 x xF
2.35 x 0.28355034982
2.35 x xL 1
2.35 x 0.3619
2.35 x xL 2
2.35 x 0.5
Koretsky :
Hv λ
655.574162679426 509.495215311005
644.012695145897 533.341267318411
643.478299974692 534.283069970228
621.952154907114 567.527797661568
620.922681222904 568.942154120898
x BPR 1
x 1.459
x BPR2
x 2.445
+ S x λs1 = L1
+ S x 509.50 = L1
1143925.65819 + 509.50 S = 67.8376001642
509.50 S = -578.38887703
+ V1 x λs2 = L2
+ 24790.8156 - L1 x 534.283069970228 = 7029.447
13245313.07 - 534.28306997 L1 = 148115.666503
-1091.974531 L1 = -17494320.92
L1 = 16020.814062
L1 + 14876555.783
+ 14876555.783
kg
Cp x ∆T
0.8389658757 x 60
kkal
λs1
509.495215311
Cp x ∆T
0.71785714286 x 29.352
H1 - V1 x λs2
646.226477197 - 8770.00 x 534.28307
H2
625.529061223
H out (kkal)
148115.667
5624361.265
139934.784
5912411.716
H keluar + Q loss
5772476.93129 + 0.03 Q supplay
4524558.031
4664492.81593
x λ
x 509.495
kg
H out (kkal)
1086813.579
5667407.208
208007.303
6962228.090
H keluar + Q loss
6754220.786 + 0.03 Q supplay
6725569.475
6933576.77795
x λ
x 534.283
12977.3469676522 kg
H out (kkal)
2 148115.667
apour2 5624361.265
oss 144917.423
Total 5917394.355
H keluar + Q loss
5772476.931 + 0.03 Q supplay
4685663.353
4830580.77591
x λ
x 534.283
9041.23871299903 kg
45 0
C
1 jam
51.9073 0
C
30 0
C
51.9073 0
C
lolos
1798.2734
kg
Hv
2595.4568 kj/kg
Hl
217.277 kj/kg
Qserap
Qserap
Q out (kkal)
467372.539
5115571.057
5582943.596
F25 D-Fruktosa
(Sirup Glukosa)
kmol
kmol
kmol
ktan
49102.1541 - 17855.3028
ri data steam table dapat diketahui :
145 ºC
610.61 kj/kg
2740.3 kj/kg
2129.69 kj/kg 509.495215311 kkal/kg
Q out (kkal)
eluar 315583.412
r 31246.862
ss 828.389
Total 347658.663
Efek 2
Ts2
L2, X2, T2 <15>
509.495215311 kkal/kg
- P1 )
X ( T2 - T1 )
- P1 )
- 12.35
X 55 - 50
- 12.35
- P1 )
X ( hv2 - hv1 )
- P1 )
- 12.35
X 2600.9 - 2592.1
- 12.35
1 kkal
4.18 kj
- P1 )
X ( hL2 - hL1 )
- P1 )
- 12.35
X 230.2 - 209.31
- 12.35
hL
Hv (kkal/kg) λ (kkal/kg)
620.9227 568.9422
= 13985.3442
= 13890.6718
= 94.6724
assuming V1
L1= 12946.7661 kg
ºC
ºC
ºC
51.9072769953 - 13.5758
ºC
F. (Geankoplis)
3123.065 W/m2.K
1987.405 W/m2.K
0
C
0
C
∆T1
30.9232
ºC
BPR1 - ∆T2
9.0698 - 48.5936
ºC
BPR1
9.0698
ºC
2.35 x xF
2.35 x 0.99323059866
2.35 x xL 1
2.35 x 1.0729
2.35 x xL 2
2.35 x 0.72
Koretsky :
Hv λ
509.495215311005 -146.078947368421
645.362476817927 530.877465839731
642.059985684167 536.758673095508
622.819964591325 566.335545493147
620.922681222904 568.942154120898
x BPR 1
x 9.070
x BPR2
x 4.506
+ S x λs1 = L1
+ S x -146.08 = L1
339893.629308 + -146.08 S = 35.3903977489
-146.08 S = -623.75708097
+ V1 x λs2 = L2
+ 13985.3442 - L1 x 536.758673095508 = 4954.230
7506754.80 - 536.758673096 L1 = 92562.1005219
-1130.780351 L1 = -10532444.79
L1 = 9314.3153551
L1 + 8878510.748
+ 8878510.748
kg
Cp x ∆T
0.44188287932 x 60
kkal
λs1
-146.07894737
Cp x ∆T
0.59476190476 x 31.413
H1 - V1 x λs2
659.147478716 - 4671.03 x 536.758673
H2
629.412075655
H out (kkal)
92562.101
2744290.477
76269.882
2913122.459
H keluar + Q loss
2836852.57708 + 0.03 Q supplay
2466059.527
2542329.4092
x λ
x -146.079
kg
H out (kkal)
329637.325
3078896.895
104951.864
3513486.084
H keluar + Q loss
3408534.220 + 0.03 Q supplay
3393443.589
3498395.45301
x λ
x 536.759
6517.63190492877 kg
H out (kkal)
2 92562.101
apour2 2744290.477
oss 77542.740
Total 2914395.317
H keluar + Q loss
2836852.577 + 0.03 Q supplay
2507215.252
2584757.99165
x λ
x 536.759
4815.49366821364 kg
lolos
872.0171
kg
Hv
2595.4568 kj/kg
Hl
217.277 kj/kg
Qserap
Qserap
(Ullrich) hal. 427
(Ullrich) hal. 427
Q out (kkal)
226637.871
2480638.112
2707275.983
x Cp x ( T1 -tref ) + V1 x H1
x 0.79513919 x 85.315 + 24790.8156
L1 + 16020481.4409 - 646.2265 L1
L1 + 14876555.7827
x Cp2 x ( T2 - Tref ) + V2 x H2
x 0.71785714 x 29.352 + 625.52906122 x H2
+ 625.529061 L1 - 4397124
Karangan bebas
x Cp x ( T1 -tref ) + V1 x H1
x 0.39730222 x 89.077 + 13985.3442
L1 + 9218404.3771 - 659.1475 L1
L1 + 8878510.7478
x Cp2 x ( T2 - Tref ) + V2 x H2
x 0.5947619 x 31.413 + 629.41207565 x H2
+ 629.412076 L1 - 3118252