Bab Neraca

APPENDIKS A
NERACA MASSA
1 Tahun = 330 hari

Waktu operasi = 24 jam/hari
Basis = 1 jam
BM Na2CO3 = 106 kg/kmol
Kapasitas produksi (massa) = 185,000 ton/tahun
= 560,606.06 kg/hari
= 23,358.59 kg/jam
Kapasitas produksi (mol) = 220.36 kmol/jam
Persamaan Umum Neraca Massa
Laju alir Laju alir

Akumulasi = massa - massa + Generasi - Konsumsi
masuk keluar
Sumber : Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering 7th edition, David M.
Himmelblau dan James B. Riggs
Asumsi sistem steady state,sehingga akumulasi sama dengan 0 dan reaksi menjadi :
Laju alir Laju alir

massa + Generasi = massa + Konsumsi
masuk keluar
Apabila tidak terjadi reaksi, maka generasi = konsumsi = 0, sehingga :
Laju alir
Laju alir
massa = massa keluar
masuk
A1. BRINE PURIFICATION SECTION

A1.1 Salt Disolver Tank (M-110)
Fungsi : Melarutkan garam rakyat dengan air proses
Kondisi Operasi :
Tekanan Operasi = 1 atm
Suhu Operasi = 30 0C
Garam Rakyat = 42,856.54 kg
Asumsi : Tidak terjadi reaksi

Air proses yang digunakan murni H2O
<2> air proses
<1> garam rakyat <3> ke brine reaktor

Salt Dissolver Tank
(M-110)
Gambar A1.1 Blok Diagram Disolver Tank (M-110)
Tabel A1.1 Data Komposisi Garam Rakyat yang Dipakai

Komponen Fraksi Massa Massa (Kg)
NaCl 0.856 36,685
CaSO4 0.010 437
MgCl2 0.026 1,097
MgSO4 0.008 347
Impurities 0.006 249
H2O 0.094 4,041
TOTAL 1 42,857
Sumber : Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
Jumlah garam rakyat yang dibutuhkan dalam proses sebesar: 42,857 kg
Perhitungan massa masing-masing komponen Garam Rakyat :

Massa NaCl = Massa Garam Rakyat x Fraksi massa NaCl
= 42,857 x 0.8560
= 36,685 kg
Massa CaSO4 = Massa Garam Rakyat x Fraksi massa CaSO4

= 42857 x 0.0102
= 437 kg
Massa MgCl2 = Massa Garam Rakyat x Fraksi massa MgCl2

= 42857 x 0.0256
= 1097 kg
Massa MgSO4 = Massa Garam Rakyat x Fraksi massa MgSO4

= 42857 x 0.0081
= 347 kg
Massa Impuritis = Massa Garam Rakyat x Fraksi massa Impuritis

= 42857 x 0.0058
= 249 kg
Massa H2O = Massa Garam Baku x Fraksi massa H2O
= 42857 x 0.0943
= 4041 kg
Table A1.2 Data kelarutan NaCl dalam H2O pada suhu 30oC :
Kelarutan
Komponen
(kg/100 kg H2O)
NaCl 36.300
CaSO4 0.209
MgCl2 56.590
MgSO4 45.300
Impurities tidak larut
H2O -
Sumber : National Institute of Standards and Technology
Berdasarkan data diatas, kelarutan NaCl sebesar 36.30 kg/100 kg H2O, maka:
Massa NaCl
Fraksi Massa NaCl = x 100%
Massa NaCl + Massa H2O
36.3
= x 100%
36.3+100
= 0.27
Agar NaCl terlarut sempurna, maka diperlukan 27%wt NaCl
Massa NaCl dalam garam rakyat = 36,685 kg
Jumlah air yang Massa NaCl (kg NaCl)

=
dibutuhkan Kelarutan NaCl (kg NaCl/100 kg H2O)
36,685 kg H2O
= x 100
36.30
= 101,061.15 kg
Maka H2O yang dibutuhkan sebesar = 101,061.15 kg
Tabel A1.3 Komposisi Air Proses yang Masuk Salt Dissolver Tank
H2O 1 101,061.1538
TOTAL 1 101,061.1538
Tabel A1.4 Neraca Massa Salt Dissolver Tank (M-110)
Neraca Massa Salt Dissolver Tank
Masuk (Kg) Keluar (Kg)
Aliran <1> Garam Rakyat Alliran <3> ke Brine Reaktor
Fraksi Fraksi
Komponen Massa (kg) Komponen Massa (kg)
Massa Massa
NaCl 0.8560 36,685 NaCl 0.2549 36,685.20
CaSO4 0.0102 437 CaSO4 0.0030 437.14
MgCl2 0.0256 1,097 MgCl2 0.0076 1,097.13
MgSO4 0.0081 347 MgSO4 0.0024 347.14
Impurities 0.0058 249 Impurities 0.0017 248.57
H2O 0.0943 4,041 H2O 0.7303 105,102.53
Total <1> 1 42,857 Total <3> 1 143,917.69
Aliran <2> Air Proses

Fraksi
Komponen Massa (kg)
Massa
H2O 1 101,061.15
Total <2> 1 101,061.15
Total Aliran Masuk 143,917.69 Total Aliran Keluar 143,917.69
A1.2 Na2CO3 Tank (M-120)
<5> Na2CO3 dari produk
<6> Air proses <7> ke brine reaktor

Na2CO3 Tank
(M-120)
Gambar A1.2 Blok Diagram Na2CO3 Tank (M-120)
Fungsi : Melarutkan Na2CO3 dengan H2O

Kondisi Operasi :
Dari data hasil perhitungan di Brine Reactor (A1.4), didapatkan:

Kebutuhan larutan Na2CO3 = 6.107 kmol
= 647.35 kg
Na2CO3 yang dibutuhkan untuk proses Brine Purification = 0.08 kg/L

Sumber : Manufacturing of Synthetic Soda Ash
Kebutuhan H2O = 0.08 kg 647.35 kg
=
1L X
X = 8,091.85 L
Kebutuhan H2O = = Volume H2O x Densitas H2O

= 8,091.85 L x 1 kg/L
= 8,091.85 kg
Tabel A1.5 Neraca Massa Na2CO3 Tank (M-120)

Neraca Massa Na2CO3 Tank
Aliran <5> Na2CO3 dari produk Aliran <7> ke Brine Reactor
Fraksi Fraksi
Massa Massa
Na2CO3 0.9996 647.348 Na2CO3 0.0741 647.348
HO
2 0.0003 0.169 H2O 0.9259 8,091.851
Impuritas 0.0001 0.087 Impuritas 0.0000 0.087
Total <5> 1 647.60 Total <7> 1 8,739.286
Fraksi
Komponen Massa (kg)
Massa
H2O 1 8,091.682
Total <6> 1 8,091.682
A1.3 Ca(OH)2 Tank (M-130)

<9> Ca(OH)2 dari lime slaker

Ca(OH)2 tank
(M-130)
Gambar A1.3 Blok Diagram Ca(OH)2 Tank (M-130)
Fungsi : Menampung larutan Ca(OH)2 dari lime slaker sebelum ke brine reactor
Kondisi Operasi :
Suhu Operasi = 30 oC
Dari data hasil perhitungan di Brine Reactor (A1.4), didapatkan:

Kebutuhan Ca(OH)2 = 14.442 kmol
= 1,068.67 kg
Ca(OH)2 yang dibutuhkan untuk proses Brine Purification = 0.185 kg/L
0.185 kg 1068.67 kg
Kebutuhan H2O = =
1L X
X = 5,776.61 L
Kebutuhan H2O = Volume H2O x Densitas H2O

= 5,776.61 L x 1 kg/L
= 5,776.61 kg
Tabel A1.6 Neraca Massa Ca(OH)2 Tank (M-130)

Neraca Massa Ca(OH)2 Tank
Aliran <9> Ca(OH)2 dari Lime Slaker Aliran <10> ke Brine Reactor
Fraksi
Komponen Massa (kg) Komponen Fraksi Massa Massa (kg)
Massa
Ca(OH)2 0.3112 1,068.673 Ca(OH)2 0.1561 1,068.673
H2O 0.6888 2,365.785 H2O 0.8439 5,776.611
Total <9> 1 3,434.458 Total <10> 1 6,845.284

H2O 1 3,410.826
Total <8> 1 3,410.826
A1.4 Brine Reactor (R-140)
<10> dari Ca(OH)2 tank <7> dari Na2CO3 tank
Brine Reaktor (R-140)

<3> dari salt dissolver tank <11> ke Clarifier
Gambar A1.4 Blok Diagram Sistem Brine Reactor (R-140)
Fungsi : Pemurnian NaCl dari impuritas dengan air laut dan ditambahkan Ca(OH) 2
dan Na2CO3
Kondisi Operasi :
P = 1 atm
T = 30 0C
Asumsi : Terjadi reaksi sempurna
Reaksi yang terjadi :

Reaksi I MgSO4(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) CaSO4(aq) + Mg(OH)2(s) (A1.1)
Reaksi II MgCl2(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) CaCl2(aq) + Mg(OH)2(s) (A1.2)
Reaksi III CaSO4(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) CaCO3(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) (A1.3)
Sumber : Sodium Chloride : Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry : Wiley InterScience
Tabel A1.7 Komponen Masuk ke Brine Reactor dari Salt Dissolver Tank
Komponen BM Fraksi Massa Massa Kmol
NaCl 58.44 0.2549 36,685.199 627.741
CaSO4 136 0.0030 437.137 3.214
MgCl2 95 0.0076 1,097.127 11.549
MgSO4 120 0.0024 347.138 2.893
Impurities 0.0017 248.568 -
H2 O 18 0.7303 105,102.526 5839.029
Total 1 143,917.694 6484.426
Tabel A1.8 Komponen Masuk ke Brine Reactor dari Ca(OH)2 Tank

Ca(OH)2 74 0.1561 1,068.673 14.442
H2 O 18 0.8439 5,776.611 320.923
Total 1 6,845.284
Tabel A1.9 Komponen Masuk ke Brine Reactor dari Na2CO3 Tank

Na2CO3 106 0.0741 647.348 6.107
H2 O 18 0.9259 8,091.851 449.547
Impurities 0.0000 0.087
Total 1 8,739.286
Reaksi I
MgSO4(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) CaSO4(aq) + Mg(OH)2(s) (A1.1)
Mula-Mula 2.893 a - - kmol
Bereaksi 2.893 2.893 2.893 2.893 kmol
Sisa 0 a - 2,847 2.893 2.893 kmol
Reaksi II
MgCl2(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) CaCl2(aq) + Mg(OH)2(s) (A1.2)
Mula-Mula 11.549 a - 2,847 - - kmol
Bereaksi 11.549 11.549 11.549 11.549 kmol
Sisa 0 a - 14,213 11.549 11.549 kmol
Reaksi III
CaSO4(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) CaCO3(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) (A1.3)
Mula-Mula 6.107 b - - kmol
Bereaksi 6.107 6.107 6.107 6.107 kmol
Sisa 0 b - 6,011 6.107 6.107 kmol
Karena reaksi sempurna, maka reaktan bereaksi semua sehingga sisanya = 0

Kebutuhan Ca(OH)2 = a dan a - 14,213 = 0, sehingga a = 14,213 kmol
a= 14.213 kmol
Kebutuhan Ca(OH)2 = 14.442 kmol

1,068.67 kg
Kebutuhan Na2CO3 = b= 6.107 kmol

= 647.348 kg
Tabel A1.10 Generasi dan Konsumsi pada Brine Reactor

Konsumsi Generasi
Komponen BM
Kmol Massa (kg) Kmol Massa (kg)
MgSO4 120 2.8928 347.1380 0 0
Ca(OH)2 74 14.4415 1,068.6730 0 0
Na2CO3 106 6.1071 647.3480 0 0
MgCl2 95 11.5487 1,097.1274 0 0
CaSO4 136 6.1071 830.5598 2.8928 393.4230
Mg(OH)2 58 0 0 14.4415 837.6085
CaCl2 111 0 0 11.5487 1,281.9068
CaCO3 100 0 0 6.1071 610.7057
Na2SO4 142 0 0 6.1071 867.2021
Total 41.0972 3,990.85 41.10 3,990.85
Tabel A1.11 Neraca Massa Brine Reactor (R-140)

Neraca Massa Brine Reactor
Aliran <3> Salt Dissolver Tank Aliran <11> Clarifier
Fraksi
Massa
NaCl 0.2549 36,685.1988 NaCl 0.2300 36,685.1988
CaSO4 0.0030 437.1367 CaSO4 0.0000 0
MgCl2 0.0076 1,097.1274 MgCl2 0.0000 0
MgSO4 0.0024 347.1380 MgSO4 0.0000 0
H2O 0.7303 105,102.526 H2O 0.7459 118,970.9867
Total <3> 1 143,917.694 Na2CO3 0.0000 0
Ca(OH)2 0.0000 0
Aliran <7> Na2CO3 Tank CaCO3 0.0038 610.7057
Fraksi
Komponen Massa (kg) Mg(OH)2 0.0053 837.6085
Massa
Na2CO3 0.0741 647.3480 CaCl2 0.0080 1,281.9068
H2O 0.9259 8,091.8506 Na2SO4 0.0054 867.2021
Impuritas 0.0000 0.0872 Total <11> 1 159,502.2638
Total <7> 1 8,739.2858
Aliran <10> Ca(OH)2 Tank

Fraksi
Komponen Massa (kg)
Massa
Ca(OH)2 0.1561 1,068.6730
H2O 0.8439 5,776.6106
Total <10> 1 6,845.2835
Massa Masuk + Generasi = Massa Keluar + Konsumsi

159,502.26 kg + 3,990.85 kg = 159,502.26 kg + 3,990.85 kg
163,493 kg = 163,493 kg
A1.5 P.A.M Tank (M-150)
<13> feed water process
<12> feed P.A.M <14> coagulator tank

P.A.M Tank
(M-150)
Gambar A1.5 Blok Diagram Sistem P.A.M Tank (M-150)
Fungsi : Melarutkan P.A.M menjadi larutan P.A.M sebagai koagulan

Kondisi Operasi :

Larutan P.A.M sebesar 10 ppm mampu mengendapkan 15 kg solid/1000 kg
larutan
Sumber : Magnafloc 155, Technical Information
Jumlah solid yang akan diendapkan dalam clarifier :

Tabel A1.12 Komposisi Solid dari Brine Reactor
Komponen Massa (kg)
Mg(OH)2 837.6085
CaCl2 1,281.9068
Na2SO4 867.2021
CaCO3 610.7057
Impurities 248.6551
TOTAL 3,846.0782
Jumlah larutan yang akan masuk ke dalam clarifier :

Tabel A1.13 Komposisi Larutan dari Brine Reactor
Fraksi
Komponen Massa (kg) Densitas (g/cm3)
Massa
NaCl 0.236 36,685.20 2.160
H2O 0.764 118,971.0 1.000
TOTAL 1 155,656.19
Massa Solid Brine Reactor

Jumlah solid yang akan diendapkan dalam clarifier sebesar =
Massa Larutan Brine Reactor
3,846.0782 kg solid
=
155,656.19 kg larutan
= 0.0247
Larutan P.A.M sebesar 10 ppm mampu mengendapkan 0.015 kg solid/kg larutan

Maka untuk mengendapkan 0.0375 kg solid/kg larutan dibutuhkan larutan P.A.M sebesar:
10 0.015
=
X 0.0247
X = 16.4725 ppm
X = 16 ppm = 16 mg/L
Jadi jumlah larutan P.A.M yang dibutuhkan sebesar = 16 ppm
Densitas larutan = (fraksi massa NaCl x densitas NaCl) + (fraksi massa H 2O x densitas H2O)
= 0.5091 g/cm3 + 0.7643 g/cm3
= 1.2734 g/cm3
= 1.2734 kg/L
Volume larutan = massa larutan

densitas larutan
= 155,656.2 kg
1.2734 kg/L
= 122,237.6 L
Maka jumlah P.A.M yang dibutuhkan adalah :
16 ppm = 16 mg/L
Massa P.A.M yang ditambahkan = ppm x Volume Larutan

= 16 mg/L x 122,237.65 L
= 1,392,565.1 mg
= 1.4 kg
Air proses yang dibutuhkan untuk melarutkan P.A.M sebanyak 0.1% dari jumlah larutan yang
akan diendapkan:
Volume Air Proses = 122.23765 L= 122 L
Massa Air Proses = Volume Air Proses x Densitas Air

= 122 L x 1 g/cm3
= 122.23765 kg
Tabel A1.14 Neraca Massa P.A.M Tank (M-150)

Neraca Massa P.A.M Tank
Aliran <12> feed P.A.M Aliran <14> Clarifier
Fraksi
Massa
P.A.M 1 1.3926 P.A.M 0.0113 1.3926
Total <12> 1 1.3926 H2O 0.9887 122.2376
Total <14> 1 123.6302
Aliran <13> water process
Fraksi
Komponen Massa (kg)
Massa
H2O 1 122.2376
Total <13> 1 122.2376
Total Aliran Masuk 123.6302 Total Aliran Keluar 123.6302
A1.6 Clarifier (H-160)
<14> P.A.M tank
<15> ammonia
<11> brine reactor absorber
Clarifier
(H-160)
<16> sludge
Gambar A1.6 Blok Diagram Sistem Clarifier (H-160)
Fungsi : Memisahkan pengotor dan purified brine

Kondisi Operasi :
Pengotor terendapkan = 90%
Liquid (H2O dan NaCl) terbawa reject = 10%
Tabel A1.15 Neraca Massa Clarifier (H-160)

Neraca Massa Clarifier
Aliran <11> Brine reactor Aliran <15> Ammonia Absorber
Fraksi
Massa
NaCl 0.230 36,685.2 NaCl 0.235 33,016.7
HO
2 0.746 118,971.0 H O
2 0.762 107,184
Mg(OH) 2 0.005 837.6 Mg(OH) 2 0.001 83.761
CaCl 2 0.008 1,281.9 CaCl 2 0.001 128.191
Na SO2 4 0.005 867.2 Na SO2 4 0.001 86.720
CaCO 3 0.004 610.7 CaCO 3 0.000 61.071
Ca(OH) 2 0.000 0.0 Ca(OH) 2 0.000 0.000
Na CO2 3 0.000 0.0 Na CO2 3 0.000 0.000
Total <11> 1 159,502.264 P.A.M 0.000 0.139
Total <15> 1 140,585
Aliran <14> P.A.M tank Aliran <16> sludge

Fraksi
Massa
P.A.M 0.011 1.4 NaCl 0.193 3,668.520
HO
2 0.989 122.2 H O
2 0.625 11,909.322
Total <14> 1.000 123.6 Mg(OH) 2 0.040 753.848
CaCl 2 0.061 1,153.716
Na SO2 4 0.041 780.482
CaCO 3 0.029 549.635
Ca(OH) 2 0.000 0.000
Na CO2 3 0.000 0.000
Impuritas 0.012 223.790
P.A.M 0.000 1.253
Total <16> 1 19,040.566
A2. LIMESTONE SECTION
A2.1 Crusher (C-210), Vibrating Screen (H-214) dan Bag Filter (H-213)
Bag Filter
(H-213)
<21> ke bag filter
<22> ke conveyor
<18> ke vibrating screen
<17> CaCO3 dari <23> ke rotary kiln
limestone storage Vibrating
Crusher Screen
(C-210) (H-214)
<20> ke conveyor
<19> Recycle
Gambar A2.1 Blok Diagram Sistem Roll Crusher (C-210), Vibrating Screen (H-214) dan Bag
Filter (H-213)
Fungsi Roll Crusher (C-210) : Menyeragamkan ukuran padatan CaCO3 menjadi lebih kecil
Fungsi Vibrating Screen (H-214): Mengayak CaCO3 dengan ukuran 50 mm dimana partikel yang
tidak lolos akan dikembalikan ke dalam roll crusher
Fungsi Bag Filter (H-213) : Menangkap debu yang beterbangan dari roll crusher
Kondisi Operasi :
Suhu Operasi = 30 0
C
Asumsi : Dust Lost = 10%
Inlet granularity = 50~120 mm
Outlet granularity = <50 mm
Sumber : Feasibility Study Report, Indonesia Rheno Group
Partikel oversize (>50 mm) yang direcycle = 4%
Tidak terjadi reaksi
Mol CaCO3 = 1/2 Mol NaCl
Mol NaCl = Massa NaCl 36,685 kg NaCl

=
BM NaCl 58.5 kg/kmol
= 627.097 kmol
Mol CaCO3 = 1/2 mol NaCl = 1/2 x 627.097 kmol

= 313.549 kmol
Massa CaCO3 = mol CaCO3 x BM CaCO3 = 314 kmol x 100 kg/kmol

= 31,354.871 kg
Tabel A2.1 Data Komposisi Lime Stone
CaCO3 0.930 29,160.030
Impuritas 0.050 1,567.744
H2O 0.020 627.097
TOTAL 1 31,354.871
Massa CaCO3 ke Bag Filter = 10% x Massa CaCO3 dari Lime Storage
= 10% x 29,160.030 kg
= 2,916.00 kg
Massa Impuritas ke Bag Filter = 10% x Massa impuritas dari Lime Storage
= 10% x 1,567.744 kg
= 156.7744 kg
Massa H2O ke Bag Filter = 10% x Massa H2O dari Lime Storage
= 10% x 627.097 kg
= 62.7097 kg
Tabel A2.2 Neraca Massa Roll Crusher (C-210)

Neraca Massa Roll Crusher
Aliran <17> CaCO3 dari Lime Storage Aliran <18> ke Vibrating Screen
Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.930 29,160.030 CaCO3 0.930 27,224.094
Impuritas 0.050 1,567.744 Impuritas 0.050 1,463.661
H2O 0.020 627.097 H2O 0.020 585.464
Total <17> 1 31,354.871 Total <18> 1 29,273.220
Aliran <19> dari Recycle Aliran <21> ke Bag Filter

Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.930 1,088.964 CaCO3 0.930 3,024.899
H2O 0.020 23.419 H2O 0.020 65.052
Total <19> 1 1,170.929 Total <21> 1 3,252.580
Tabel A2.3 Neraca Massa Bag Filter (H-213)
Neraca Massa Bag Filter
Aliran <21> dari Roll Crusher Aliran <22> ke Rotary Kiln
Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.930 3,024.899 CaCO3 0.930 3,024.899
H2O 0.020 65.052 H2O 0.020 65.052
Total <21> 1 3,187.528 Total <22> 1 3,187.528
Tabel A2.4 Neraca Massa Vibrating Screen (H-214)

Neraca Massa Vibrating Screen
Aliran <18> dari Roll Crusher Aliran <20> conveyor
Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.930 27,224.094 CaCO3 0.930 26,135.131
H2O 0.020 585.464 H2O 0.020 562.046
Total <18> 1 29,273.220 Total <20> 1 28,102.291
Aliran <19> Recycle
Komponen Fraksi Massa Massa (kg)
CaCO3 0.930 1,088.964

Impuritas 0.050 58.546
H2 O 0.020 23.419
Total <19> 1 1,170.929
A2.2 Roraty Kiln (B-230)
<33> gas ke cyclone
<32> udara primer
<23> conveyor limestone

<30> batu bara
Rotary Kiln
(B-230)
<36> ke cooler
<36> ke cooler
Gambar A2.2 Blok Diagram Sistem Rotary Kiln (B-230)

Fungsi : dekomposisi thermal dari CaCO3 menjadi CaO dan CO2
Kondisi Operasi :
Suhu Operasi = 1100 C
Asumsi : Mol CaCO3 = 1/2 Mol NaCl

Konversi Reaksi = 99%
Menuju cyclone = 2%
Pembakaran Batubara Sempurna
Excess Udara = 7%

Reaksi dekomposisi : CaCO3 CaO + CO2 A2.1
Reaksi I : C + O2 CO2 A2.2
Reaksi II : H2 + 0,5O2 H2O A2.3
Reaksi III : S + O2 SO2 A2.4
Tabel A2.5 Komponen Batu Kapur yang Masuk Rotary Kiln

CaCO3 0.930 29,160.030
Impuritas 0.050 1,567.744
H2 O 0.020 627.097
Total 1 31,354.871
Tabel A2.6 Berat Molekul Masing-masing Komponen

Komponen BM (kg/kmol)
CaCO3 100
CaO 56
CO2 44
Mol CaCO3 masuk = Massa CaCO3 29,160.030 kg

=
BM CaCO3 100 kg/kmol
= 291.6003 kmol
Reaksi dekomposisi :
CaCO3 CaO + CO2 A2.1
Mula-mula 291.6003 kmol
Reaksi 288.6843 288.6843 288.6843 kmol
Sisa 2.9160 288.6843 288.6843 kmol
Massa generasi CaO = mol CaO x BM CaO

= 440,4008 kmol x 56 kg/kmol 16,166.32 kg
Massa generasi CO2 = mol CO2 x BM CO2
= 440,4008 kmol x 44 kg/kmol 12,702.11 kg
Massa sisa CaCO3 = mol CaCO3 x BM CaCO3
= 4,4485 kmol x 100 kg/kmol 291.60 kg
CaCO3 yang terbawa ke cyclone = 2% x Massa CaCO3

= 2% x 444,85 kg
= 5.832 kg
CaO yang terbawa ke cyclone = 2% x Massa CaO

= 2% x 24.662,45 kg
= 323.326 kg
Impuritas yang terbawa ke cyclone = 2% x Massa Impuritas

= 2% x 2.391,663 kg
= 31.355 kg
Tabel A2.7 Neraca Massa Limestone di Rotary Kiln (B-230)

Neraca Massa Limestone di Rotary Kiln
Aliran <23> Conveyor Limestone Aliran <33> cyclone
Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.930 29,160.030 CaCO3 0.0004 5.832
Impuritas 0.050 1,567.744 Impuritas 0.0023 31.355
H2O 0.020 627.097 H2O 0.0458 627.097
Total <23> 1 31,354.871 CaO 0.0236 323.326
CO2 0.9279 12,702.109
Total <33> 1 13,689.720
Aliran <36> cooler

CaCO3 0.0162 285.768
Impuritas 0.0870 1,536.389
CaO 0.8969 15,842.994
Total <36> 1 17,665.151
Perhitungan batubara
Data perhitungan kebutuhan batubara didapatkan dari perhitungan di Neraca Panas
Massa Batubara = 13,092.79 kg
Tabel A2.8 Komposisi batu bara (kualitas pinang, Kaltim Prima Coal)
Komponen Fraksi Massa Massa (kg) BM Kmol
Carbon 0.5044 6,604.00 12 550.334
Hidrogen 0.0338 442.54 2 221.268
Nitrogen 0.0084 109.98 28 3.928
Sulfur 0.0022 28.80 32 0.900
Oksigen 0.1933 2,530.84 32 79.089
H2 O 0.1284 1,681.11 18 93.395
Ash 0.1295 1,695.52 -
Total 1 13,092.79 948.914
Sumber : Kaltim Prima Coal
Reaksi pembakaran komponen batu bara
Reaksi I
C + O2 CO2 A2.2
Mula-mula 550.33 550.334 kmol
Reaksi 550.33 550.334 550.334 kmol
Sisa 0 0 550.334 kmol
Reaksi II
H2 + 0,5 O2 H2 O A2.3
Reaksi 221.27 110.634 221.268 kmol
Sisa 0 0 221.268 kmol
Reaksi III
S + O2 SO2 A2.4
Reaksi 0.900 0.900 0.900 kmol
Sisa 0 0 0.900 kmol
O2 yang dibutuhkan = O2 reaksi I + O2 reaksi II + O2 reaksi III = 661.868 kmol
O2 yang dibutuhkan = mol x BM

= 661.868 kmol x 32 kg/kmol
= 21,179.77 kg
O2 yang masuk = (excess x teoritis) + teoritis

= (7% x 661.868 ) + 661.868
= 710.68 kmol
O2 yang masuk = mol x BM

= 22,741.88 kg
Udara yang masuk = 100 x mol O2 = 3,384.21 kmol

21
79 % x mol O2 2,673.52 kmol

Mol N2 dalam udara yang masuk = =
21%
Massa N2 dalam udara = mol N2 x BM N2
= 2,673.52 kmol x 28 kg/kmol
= 74,858.69 kg
Massa udara yang dibutuhkan = Massa O2 + Massa N2

= 22,741.88 kg + 74,858.69 kg
= 97,600.57 kg
O2 sisa = O2 masuk - O2 dibutuhkan

= 22,741.88 kg - 21,179.77 kg
1,562.110 kg
Fraksi Massa O2 dari gas buang hasil pembakaran = = Massa O2

Massa GHP (N2;O2;H2O;CO2;SO2)
= 1,562.11
104,675.91
= 0.015
Agar batubara terbakar sempurna, maka fraksi massa O2 di gas hasil pembakaran harus sama
dengan 1.5% (Sumber: The Cement Plant Operation Handbook).
Tabel A2.9 Generasi hasil pembakaran batu bara

Komponen Kmol BM Massa (kg)
H2 O 221.2682 18 3,982.8267
CO2 550.3336 44 24,214.6787
SO2 0.9001 64 57.6083
Total 772.5019 28,255.1137
Tabel A2.10 Konsumsi reaksi pembakaran batu bara

Komponen Kmol BM Massa (kg)
C 550.3336 12 6,604.0033
H2 221.2682 2 442.5363
S 0.9001 32 28.8041
O2 661.8678 32 21,179.7700
Total 1,434.3697 28,255.1137
Tabel A2.11 Neraca Massa Coal di Rotary Kiln (B-230)

Neraca Massa Coal di Rotary Kiln (B-230)
Aliran <30> batu bara Aliran <33> cyclone
Fraksi
Massa
C 0.5044 6,604 H2O 0.052 5,663.9410
H2 0.0338 443 CO2 0.222 24,214.6787
N2 0.0084 110 SO2 0.001 57.6083
S 0.0022 29 O2 0.038 4,092.9463
O2 0.1933 2,531 N2 0.688 74,968.6676
H2O 0.1284 1,681 Total <33> 1 108,997.842
Ash 0.1295 1,696
Total <30> 1 13,093
Aliran <32> udara Aliran <36> cooler

Komponen Fraksi Massa (kg) Komponen Fraksi Massa Massa (kg)
Massa
O2 0.233 22,741.880 Ash 1 1,695.516
N2 0.767 74,858.688 Total <36> 1 1,695.5163
Total <32> 1 97,600.568
Tabel A2.12 Neraca Massa Rotary Kiln (B-230)

Neraca Massa Rotary Kiln
Aliran <30> batu bara Aliran <33> cyclone
Fraksi
Massa
C 0.504 6,604 H2O 0.0513 6,291.0384
H2 0.034 443 CO2 0.3009 36,916.7878
N2 0.008 110 SO2 0.0005 57.6083
S 0.002 29 O2 0.0334 4,092.9463
O2 0.193 2,531 N2 0.6111 74,968.6676
H2O 0.128 1,681 CaCO3 0.0000 5.832
Ash 0.1295 1,696 Impuritas 0.0003 31.355
Total <30> 1 13,093 CaO 0.0026 323.326
Total <33> 1 122,687.562

Aliran <32> Udara Aliran <36> cooler
Fraksi
Massa
O2 0.233 22,741.880 CaCO3 0.0148 285.768
N2 0.767 74,858.688 Impuritas 0.0794 1,536.389
Total <32> 1 97,600.568 CaO 0.8183 15,842.994
Ash 0.0876 1,695.516
Aliran <23> Conveyor Limestone Total <36> 1 19,360.668
Fraksi
Komponen Massa (kg)
Massa
CaCO3 0.930 29,160.030
Impuritas 0.050 1,567.744
H2O 0.020 627.097
Total <23> 1 31,354.871

142,048.23 kg + 28,255.1 kg = 142,048.23 kg + 28,255.1 kg
170,303.343 kg = 170,303.343 kg
A2.3 Cyclone Rotary Kiln (H-231)
<35> gas ke FGD
<33> dari rotary kiln <34> cooler

Cyclone Rotary Kiln
(H-234)
Gambar A2.3 Blok Diagram Sistem Cyclone Rotary Kiln (H-234)
Fungsi : Memisahkan gas dan debu dari rotary kiln

Kondisi Operasi :
Asumsi : Effesiensi Cyclone = 99%
CaCO3 yang terbuang = (100%-99%) x CaCO3 masuk cyclone

= (100%-99%) x 5.832 kg
= 0.05832 kg
CaO yang terbuang = (100%-99%) x CaO masuk cyclone

= (100%-99%) x 323.326 kg
= 3.23326 kg
Impuritas yang terbuang =(100%-99%) x impuritas masuk cyclone

= (100%-99%) x 31.355 kg
= 0.31355 kg
Tabel A2.13 Neraca Massa Cyclone Rotary Kiln (H-234)

Neraca Massa Cyclone Rotary Kiln
Aliran <33> dari rotary kiln Aliran <35> gas ke flue gas desulphurization
Fraksi
Massa
H2O 0.0513 6,291.038 H2O 0.0514 6,291.038
CO2 0.3009 36,916.788 CO2 0.3018 36,916.788
SO2 0.0005 57.608 SO2 0.0005 57.608
O2 0.0334 4,092.946 O2 0.0335 4,093
N2 0.6111 74,968.668 N2 0.6128 74,969
CaCO3 0.0000 5.832 CaCO3 0.0000 0.058
CaO 0.0026 323.326 CaO 0.0000 3.233
Total <33> 1 122,687.562 Total <35> 1 122,330.653
Aliran <34> ke cooler

CaCO3 0.0162 5.774
Impuritas 0.0870 31.041
CaO 0.8969 320.09
Total <34> 1.0000 356.908
A2.4 Grate Cooler (E-233)
<34> dari cyclone <37> ke cyclone

rotary kiln cooler
<36> dari rotary kiln <40> conveyor

Grate Cooler
(E-233)
<87> udara
pendingin
Gambar A2.4 Blok Diagram Sistem Grate Cooler (E-233)
Fungsi : Mendinginkan keluaran rotary kiln

Kondisi Operasi :
Asumsi : Menuju Cyclone = 2%
Tabel A2.14 Neraca Massa Grate Cooler (E-233)
Neraca Massa Grate Cooler
Aliran <36> dari Rotary Kiln Aliran <37> ke Cyclone Cooler
Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.015 285.77 CaCO3 0.00001 5.83
Impuritas 0.079 1,536.39 Impuritas 0.00008 31.35
CaO 0.818 15,842.99 CaO 0.00078 323.26
Ash 0.088 1,695.52 Ash 0.00008 33.91
Total <36> 3 19,360.67 O2 0.20980 87,215.68
N2 0.78925 328,097.09
Aliran <34> dari Cyclone Rotary Kiln Total <37> 1.000 415,707.13
Fraksi
Komponen Massa (kg)
Massa
CaCO3 0.016 5.77 Aliran <40> ke Conveyor
Impuritas 0.087 31.04 Komponen Fraksi Massa Massa (kg)
CaO 0.897 320.09 CaCO3 0.0148 285.71
Total <34> 2 356.91 Impuritas 0.0795 1,536.08
CaO 0.8197 15,839.83
Ash 0.0860 1,661.61
Aliran <87> udara pendingin Total <40> 1.000 19,323.22
Fraksi
Komponen Massa (kg)
Massa
O2 0.210 87,215.68
N2 0.790 328,097.09
Total <87> 1 415,312.77
A2.5 Cyclone Cooler (H-234)
<38> gas ke atmosfer
<37> dari cooler <39> ke conveyor

Cyclone Cooler
(H-234)
Gambar A2.5 Blok Diagram Sistem Cyclone Cooler (H-234)
Fungsi : Memisahkan gas dan debu dari cooler

Kondisi Operasi :
Tabel A2.15 Neraca Massa Cyclone Rotary Kiln (H-234)

Neraca Massa Cyclone Rotary Kiln
Aliran <37> dari cooler Aliran <38> gas ke atmosfer
Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.0000 5.83 CaCO3 0.000 0.06
CaO 0.0008 323.26 CaO 0.000 3.23
Ash 0.0001 33.91 Ash 0.000 0.34
O2 0.2098 87,215.68 O2 0.210 87,215.68
N2 0.7893 328,097.09 N2 0.790 328,097.09
Total <37> 1.000 415,707.13 Total <38> 1.000 415,316.72
Aliran <39> ke conveyor

CaCO3 0.015 5.7725
Impuritas 0.079 31.0351
CaO 0.820 320.0291
Ash 0.086 33.5712
Total <39> 1.000 390.41
A2.6 Conveyor (J-235)

<39> dari cyclone cooler
<40> dari cooler <41> lime

Conveyor slaker
(J-235)
Gambar A2.6 Blok Diagram Sistem Conveyor (J-235)
Fungsi : Alat transportasi CaO dari rotary kiln ke lime slaker

Kondisi Operasi :
Tabel A2-16 Neraca Massa Conveyor (J-235)

Neraca Massa Conveyor
Aliran <40> dari Cooler Aliran <41> Lime slaker
Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.0148 285.711 CaCO3 0.0148 291.484
CaO 0.8197 15,839.826 CaO 0.8197 16,159.855
Ash 0.0860 1,661.606 Ash 0.0860 1,695.177
Total <40> 1 19,323.224 Total <41> 1 19,713.632
Aliran <39> dari cyclone cooler

Fraksi
Komponen Massa (kg)
Massa
CaCO3 0.0148 5.773
Impuritas 0.0795 31.035
CaO 0.8197 320.029
Ash 0.0017 33.571
Total <39> 1 390.408
A2.7 Lime Slaker (R-240)

<42> air proses
<41> conveyor <43> filtration

Lime Slaker
(R-240)
Gambar A2.7 Blok Diagram Sistem Lime Slaker (R-240)
Fungsi : Mencampurkan CaO dan H2O menjadi Lime Milk

Kondisi Operasi :
Asumsi : 5,5 mol CaO dilarutkan ke dalam 1 L air


Hidration CaO dalam H2O :
CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 A2.8
Tabel A2.17 Data Komposisi dari Conveyor Masuk Lime Slaker

Komponen Fraksi Massa Massa (kg) BM kmol
CaCO3 0.0148 291.484 - -
Impuritas 0.0795 1,567.117 - -
CaO 0.8197 16,159.855 56 288.569
Ash 0.0860 1,695.177 - -
Total 1 19,713.632 - -
Jumlah air yang dibutuhkan = mol CaO
5,5 mol CaO/L air
= 288,569 mol
5.5 mol / L air
= 52,467 L air
= 52,467 kg
= 2,915 kmol
Hidration CaO dalam H2O :

CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 A2.8
Mula-mula 288.57 2,914.837
Reaksi 288.57 288.569 288.569
Sisa 0.000 2,626.268 288.569
Jadi Ca(OH)2 yang dihasilkan = 288.569 kmol

= 21,354.094 kg
Tabel A2.18 Data Komposisi Air Proses Masuk Lime Slaker

Komponen Fraksi Massa kmol BM Massa (kg)
H2 O 1 2,914.837 18 52,467
Total 1 2,914.837 52,467
Tabel A2.19 Generasi pada Sistem Lime Slaker

Komponen kmol BM Massa (kg)
Ca(OH)2 288.569 74 21,354.094
Total 288.569 21,354.094
Tabel A2.20 Konsumsi pada Sistem Lime Slaker

CaO 288.569 56 16,159.855
H2 O 288.569 18 5,194.239
Total 577.138 21,354.094
Tabel A2.21 Neraca Massa Lime Slaker (R-240)

Neraca Massa Lime Slaker
Aliran <41> Conveyor dari Rotary Kiln Aliran <43> filtration
Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.0148 291.484 CaCO3 0.0040 291.484
CaO 0.8197 16,159.855 CaO 0.0000 0.000
Ash 0.0860 1,695.177 Ash 0.0235 1,695.177
Total <41> 1 19,713.632 H2O 0.6549 47,273
Ca(OH)2 0.2958 21,354.094
Aliran <42> water proses Total <43> 1 72,180.69
Fraksi
Komponen Massa (kg)
Massa
H2O 1 52,467.06
Total <42> 1 52,467.06

72,181 kg + 21,354.09 kg = 72,181 kg + 21,354.1 kg
93,534.79 kg = 93,534.79 kg
A2.8 Filtration (H-241)
Filtration
<43> dari lime slaker (H-241) <44> lime milk bersih
<86> pengotor
Gambar A2.8 Blok Diagram Sistem Filtration (H-241)
Fungsi : Memisahkan lime milk dari impuritas dan ash

Kondisi Operasi :
Asumsi : Lime milk terpisah sempurna dari impuritas
Tabel A2.22 Neraca Massa Filration (H-241)

Neraca Massa Filtration
Aliran <43> dari lime slaker Aliran <44> lime milk
Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.0040 291.484 Ca(OH)2 0.3112 21,354.094
Impuritas 0.0217 1,567.117 H2O 0.6888 47,272.822
Ash 0.0235 1,695.177 Total <44> 1 68,626.916
H2O 0.6549 47,272.822
Ca(OH)2 0.2958 21,354.094 Aliran <86> pengotor
Total <43> 1 72,180.693 Komponen Fraksi Massa Massa (kg)
CaCO3 0.0820 291.4837
Impuritas 0.4410 1,567.117
Ash 0.4770 1,695.18
Total <86> 1.0000 3,553.78
A2.9 Lime Milk Storage (252)
Lime Milk Storage

<44> dari filtration (252) <46> pre limer
<9> Ca(OH)2 tank
Gambar A2.9 Blok Diagram Sistem Lime Milk Storage (252)
Fungsi : Penyimpanan lime milk

Kondisi Operasi :
Tabel A2.23 Neraca Massa Lime Milk Storage (252)

Neraca Massa Lime Milk Storage
Aliran <44> dari filtration Aliran <46> pre-limer
Fraksi
Massa
Ca(OH)2 0.3112 21,354.094 Ca(OH)2 0.3112 20,285.421
H2O 0.6888 47,272.822 H2O 0.6888 44,907.037
Total <44> 1 68,626.916 Total <46> 1 65,192.458
Aliran <9>Ca(OH)2 tank

Ca(OH)2 0.3112 1,068.673
H2 O 0.6888 2,365.785
Total <9> 1 3,434.458
A3. AMMONIA ABSORPTION AND CARBONATION SECTION

A3.1 Flue Gas Desulphurization (D-330)
<53> Air proses masuk
<35> GHP dari cyclone <55> GHP masuk carbonation

FGD (D-330)
<35> GHP dari cyclone <55> GHP masuk carbonation
FGD (D-330)
<54> Air proses keluar
Gambar A3.1 Blok Diagram Sistem Flue Gas Desulphurization (D-330)

Fungsi : Menghilangkan kandungan SO2 di dalam gas hasil pembakaran di rotary kiln
Kondisi Operasi :
Asumsi : SO2 bereaksi sempurna menjadi SO4 2-

Reaksi 1 : SO2 + H2O H+ + HSO3- A2.5
Reaksi 2 : HSO3 + /2 O2 HSO4
- 1 -
A2.6
Reaksi 3 : HSO4 SO4 + H
- 2- +
A2.7
Tabel A3.1 Data GHP Rotary Kiln Masuk Flue Gas Desulphurization
Komponen Fraksi Massa Massa (kg) BM Kmol
H2O 0.0514 6,291.038 18 349.50
CO2 0.3018 36,916.788 44 839.02
SO2 0.0005 57.608 64 0.90
O2 0.0335 4,092.946 32 127.90
N2 0.6128 74,968.668 28 2677.45
CaCO3 0.0000 0.058 100 0.00
Impuritas 0.0000 0.314 - -
CaO 0.0000 3.233 56 0.06
Total 1 122,330.65 3994.84
Reaksi 1 : SO2 + H2O H+ + HSO3- A2.5

Mula-mula 0.90 0.90 - -
Reaksi 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90
Sisa 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.90
Reaksi 2 : HSO3 + 1/2 O2 HSO4-

-
A2.6
Mula-mula 0.90 127.90 -
Reaksi 0.90 0.45 0.90
Sisa 0.00 127.45 0.90
Reaksi 3 : HSO4- SO42- + H+ A2.7

Mula-mula 0.90 - -
Reaksi 0.90 0.90 0.90
Sisa 0.00 0.90 0.90
Tabel A3.2 Data Kebutuhan Air Proses yang Masuk FGD

H2 O 0.90 18 16.20
Total 0.90 16.20
Tabel A3.3 Generasi pada Sistem FGD
H+ 1.800 1 1.800
HSO3 -
0.900 81 72.910
HSO4- 0.900 97 87.313
SO42- 0.900 96 86.412
Total 4.501 248.436
Tabel A3.4 Konsumsi pada Sistem FGD

SO2 0.90 64 57.608
H2 O 0.90 18 16.202
HSO3- 0.90 81 72.910
O2 0.45 32 14.402
HSO4- 0.900 97 87.313
Total 4.051 248.436
Tabel A3.5 Neraca Massa FGD (D-330)

Neraca Massa FGD
Aliran <35> dari Cyclone Aliran <55> ke Carbonation
Fraksi
Massa
H2O 0.0514 6,291.038 H2O 0.0515 6,291.038
CO2 0.3018 36,916.788 CO2 0.3020 36,916.788
SO2 0.0005 57.608 O2 0.0334 4,078.544
O2 0.0335 4,092.946 N2 0.6132 74,968.668
N2 0.6128 74,968.668 CaCO3 0.0000 0.058
CaCO3 0.0000 0.058 Impuritas 0.0000 0.314
Impuritas 0.0000 0.314 CaO 0.0000 3.233
CaO 0.0000 3.233 Total <55> 1 122,258.64
Total <35> 1 122,330.653
Aliran <53> air proses masuk Aliran <54> air proses keluar
Fraksi Fraksi
Massa Massa
H2O 1 16.20 H2O 0.0000 0.00
Total <53> 1 16.20 H +
0.0204 1.80
SO42- 0.9796 86.41
Total <54> 1 88.21

122,347 kg + 248.44 kg = 122,347 kg + 248.44 kg
122,595.29 kg = 122,595.29 kg
A3.2 Ammonia Absorption (D-310)
<15> Clarifier <50> Header absorber gas
Ammonia Absorber
(D-310)
<49> ke carbonation column <48> gas masuk absorber

<62> make up NH3
<61> Gas dari pre-limer
Gambar A3.2 Blok Diagram Sistem Ammonia Absorber (D-310)
Fungsi : Mengabsorb NH3 dengan brine water

Kondisi Operasi : Tekanan Operasi = 1 atm
Asumsi : NH3 terabsorb sempurna oleh H2O

Konversi CO2 = 90%
Konversi NH4HCO3 = 90%
Reaksi yang terjadi:

Reaksi 1 : CO2 + NH4OH NH4HCO3 A3.1
Reaksi 2 : NH4HCO3 + NaCl NaHCO3 + NH4Cl A3.2
Tabel A3.6 Komposisi dari Clarifier

Komponen Fraksi Massa Massa (kg) BM Mol (kmol)
NaCl 0.235 33,016.68 58.44 564.967
H2 O 0.762 107,183.90 18 5,954.661
Mg(OH)2 0.001 83.76 - -
CaCl2 0.001 128.19 - -
Na2SO4 0.001 86.72 - -
CaCO3 0.000 61.07 - -
Ca(OH) 2 0.000 0.00 - -
Na CO
2 3 0.000 0.00 - -
Impuritas 0.000 24.87 - -
P.A.M 0.000 0.14 - -
Total 1.000 140,585.33 - 6,519.628
Tabel A3.7 Komposisi Flue Gas dari Pre-Limer
Komponen Fraksi Massa (kg) BM Kmol
Massa
NH3 0.104 7,969.842 17 468.814
CO2 0.014 1,054.440 44 23.965
H2O 0.882 67,377.715 18 3,743.206
TOTAL 1.000 76,402.00 4,235.985
Tabel A3.8 Data Kelarutan NH3 dalam Air

Suhu Solubility (kg/100kg H2O)
0 88.3221
10 68.8889
20 52.8571
30 50.5170
40 31.8231
50 23.5808
60 18.5259
Sumber : Perry's Chemical Engineers Handbook
Maka, kelarutan NH3 dalam H2O pada suhu 60 oC sebesar = 18.5 kg NH3/100kg H2O
Kelarutan yang digunakan sebesar = 18.526 kg NH3 = 0.18526 kg NH3
100 kg H2O kg H2O
Jumlah H2O yang masuk Absorber sebesar = 174,561.617 kg

Maka kebutuhan NH3 yang diserap H2O = H2O masuk absorber x solubility
= 174,561.617 kg H2O x 0.18526 kg NH3 / kg H2O
= 32,339.104 kg NH3
Maka NH3 yang ditambahkan sebagai make up NH3

= NH3 yang dibutuhkan - NH3 dari pre-limer
= 32,339.104 kg - 7,969.842 kg
= 24,369.262 kg
Tabel A3.9 Komposisi Gas Masuk Ammonia Absorber

NH3 0.321 32,339.104 17 1,902.300
CO2 0.010 1,054.440 44 23.965
H2 O 0.669 67,377.715 18 3,743.206
TOTAL 1 100,771.26 5,669.471
Tabel A3.10 Komposisi NH3 dan H2O masuk Ammonia Absorber

Komponen Massa (kg) BM
NH3 32,339.104 17
H2 O 174,561.617 18
Total 206,900.721
Mol NH3 = Massa NH3 = 32,339.104
BM NH3 17
= 1,902.300 kmol
Mol NH3 ~ Mol NH4OH yang terbentuk sesuai dengan stoikiometri sebagai berikut :
NH3 + H2O NH4OH
1902.300 1902.300 1902.300 kmol
Reaksi 1 :
CO2 + NH4OH NH4HCO3 A3.1
Mula-mula 23.965 1902.300 - kmol
Reaksi 21.568 21.568 21.568 kmol
Sisa 2.396 1880.732 21.568 kmol
Tabel A3.11 Komposisi yang tersisa di kolom absorpsi reaksi 1 :

Reaksi 1
No Komponen mol (kmol) BM Massa (kg)
1 NH4OH 1,880.73 35 65,825.626
2 CO2 2.396 44 105.444
TOTAL 1883.129 65,931.070
Reaksi 2 :
NH4HCO3 + NaCl NaHCO3 + NH4Cl A3.2
Mula-mula 21.568 564.967 - kmol
Reaksi 19.411 19.411 19.411 19.411 kmol
Sisa 2.157 545.556 19.411 19.411 kmol
Tabel A3.12 Komposisi yang tersisa di kolom absorpsi reaksi 2 :

Reaksi 2
No Komponen Mol (kmol) BM Massa (kg)
1 NH4HCO3 2.157 79 170.39
2 NaCl 545.556 58.44 31,882.28
TOTAL 547.713 32,052.67
Tabel A3.13 Massa yang terkonversi pada kedua reaksi di kolom absorpsi
1 NH4OH 21.568 35 754.88
2 CO2 21.568 44 949.00
3 NaCl 19.411 58.44 1,134.40
4 NH4HCO3 19.411 79 1,533.49
TOTAL KONSUMSI 62.547 4,371.77
Tabel A3.14 Produk yang dihasilkan dari kedua reaksi di kolom absorpsi
1 NaHCO3 19.411 84 1,630.58
2 NH4Cl 19.411 53.49 1,038.31
3 NH4HCO3 21.568 79 1,703.88
TOTAL GENERASI 60.391 4,372.77
Tabel A3.15 Neraca Massa Ammonia Absorber (D-310)

Neraca Massa Ammonia Absorber
Masuk (kg) Keluar (Kg)
<15> brine from clarifier <49> carbonation column
Fraksi
Massa
NaCl 0.235 33,016.679 NaCl 0.132 31,882.3
H2O 0.762 107,183.902 H2O 0.582 140,320
Mg(OH)2 0.001 83.761 Mg(OH)2 0.000 83.761
CaCl2 0.001 128.191 CaCl2 0.001 128.191
Na2SO4 0.001 86.720 Na2SO4 0.000 86.720
CaCO3 0.000 61.071 CaCO3 0.000 61.071
Impuritas 0.000 0.000 Impuritis 0.000 0.000
CO2 0.000 0.000 CaO 0.000 24.866
CaO 0.000 24.866 NaHCO3 0.007 1,630.577
P.A.M 0.000 0.14 NH4Cl 0.004 1,038.309
Total <15> 1 140,585.33 NH4HCO3 0.001 170.388
NH4OH 0.27 65,825.63
P.A.M 0.00 0.14
<48> gas masuk absorber Total <49> 1 241,252
Fraksi
Komponen Massa (kg)
Massa <50> gas header absorber
NH3 0.321 32,339.104
CO2 0.010 1,054.440
H2O 0.669 67,377.715 CO2 1 105.444
Total <48> 1 100,771.259 Total <50> 1 105.444

241,356.59 kg + 4,372.77 kg = 241,357.45 kg + 4,371.77 kg
245,729.353 kg = 245,729.213 kg
A3.2. Carbonation Column (D-320)
<49> ammonia absorber <57> header carbonation gas
Carbonation Column
(D-320)
<58> rotary drum filter <55> gas dari FGD
Gambar A3.2 Blok Diagram Sistem Carbonation Column (D-320)

Fungsi : Mengkontakkan CO2 dan NH4OH serta NaCl untuk membentuk NaHCO3
dan NH4Cl
Asumsi : Konversi CO2 = 90%
Konversi NaCl = 90%

Reaksi 1 : NH4OH + CO2 NH4HCO3 A3.3
Reaksi 2 : NaCl + NH4HCO3 NaHCO3 + NH4Cl A3.4
Tabel A3.16 Data Komposisi zat dari Ammonia Absorption

Komponen Massa (kg) BM Mol (kmol)
NaCl 31,882.284 58.44 545.556
H2 O 140,320.212 18 7,795.567
NH4OH 65,825.626 35 1,880.732
NaHCO3 1,630.577 84 19.412
NH4Cl 1,038.309 53.491 19.411
NH4HCO3 170.388 79 2.157
P.A.M 65,825.626 71 927.121
TOTAL 306,693.022 11,189.956
Tabel A3.17 Komposisi Flue Gas dari Kiln

H2O 0.0515 6,291.038 18 349.502
CO2 0.3020 36,916.788 44 839.018
O2 0.0334 4,078.544 32 127.455
N2 0.6132 74,968.668 28 2,677.452
CaCO3 0.0000 0.058 100 0.001
CaO 0.0000 3.233 56 0.058
TOTAL 1 122,258.643 3,993.485
Reaksi 1 :
NH4OH + CO2 NH4HCO3 A3.3
Mula-mula 1880.732 839.018 - kmol
Reaksi 755.116 755.116 755.116 kmol
Sisa 1125.616 83.902 755.116 kmol
Tabel A3.18 Komposisi yang tersisa di carbonation column reaksi 1:

Reaksi 1
Komponen Mol (kmol) BM Massa (kg)
NH4OH 1125.616 35 39,396.562
CO2 83.902 44 3,691.679
TOTAL 1209.518 43,088.241
Reaksi 2 :
NaCl + NH4HCO3 NaHCO3 + NH4Cl A3.4
Mula-mula 545.56 757.273 - - kmol
Reaksi 491.00 491.000 491.000 491.000 kmol
Sisa 54.56 266.273 491.000 491.000 kmol
Tabel A3.19 Komposisi yang tersisa di carbonation column reaksi 2

Reaksi 2
1 NH4HCO3 266.273 79 21,035.540
2 NaCl 54.556 58.5 3,191.502
Total 320.828 24,227.042
Tabel A3.20 Massa yang terkonversi pada ketiga reaksi di carbonation column
1 NaCl 491.000 58.5 28,723.515
2 NH4OH 755.116 35 26,429.064
3 CO2 755.116 44 33,230.395
4 NH4HCO3 491.000 79 38,789.021
Total Konsumsi 2492.233 127,171.995
Tabel A3.21 Produk yang dihasilkan dari ketiga reaksi di carbonation column
1 NaHCO3 491.000 84 41,244.758
2 NH4Cl 491.000 53.5 26,268.514
3 NH4HCO3 755.116 79 59,654.173
Total Generasi 1737.1166 127,167.445
Tabel A3.22 Neraca Massa Carbonation Column (D-320)

Neraca Massa Carbonation Column
Aliran <49> ammonia absorber Aliran <58> rotary drum filter
Fraksi
Massa
NaCl 0.132 31,882.284 NaCl 0.012 3,191.50
H2O 0.582 140,320.212 H2O 0.514 140,320
Mg(OH)2 0.000 83.761 Mg(OH)2 0.000 83.761
CaCl2 0.001 128.191 CaCl2 0.000 128.191
Na2SO4 0.000 86.720 Na2SO4 0.000 86.720
CaCO3 0.000 61.071 CaCO3 0.000 61.384
CaO 0.000 24.866 CaO 0.000 28.099
NH4OH 0.007 1,630.577 NH4OH 0.144 39,396.56
NaHCO3 0.004 1,038.309 NaHCO3 0.155 42,283.1
NH4Cl 0.001 170.388 NH4Cl 0.097 26,438.9
NH4HCO3 0.273 65,825.626 NH4HCO3 0.077 21,035.54
P.A.M 0.000 0.139 P.A.M 0.000 0.139
Total <49> 1 241,252.143 Total <58> 1 273,057.31
Aliran <55> gas dari rotary kiln Aliran <57> header carbonation gas
Fraksi
Massa
H2O 0.051 6,291.038 CO2 0.041 3,691.68
CO2 0.302 36,916.788 O2 0.046 4,078.54
O2 0.033 4,078.544 N2 0.842 74,968.7
N2 0.613 74,968.668 H2O 0.071 6,291.0
CaCO3 0.000 0.058 Total <57> 1 89,029.9
CaO 0.000 3.233
Total <55> 1 122,258.643

363,510.79 kg + 127,167.4 kg = 363,506.24 kg + 127,172 kg
490,678.231 kg = 490,678.231 kg
A4. AMMONIA RECOVERY SECTION

A4.1. Pre Limer (R-410)
<61> ammonia absorber
<46> lime milk <60> rotary drum filter

Pre-Limer
(R-410)
<64> limbah
Gambar A4.1 Blok Diagram Sistem Pre-limer (R-410)
Fungsi : Mereaksikan lime milk dari lime section dengan mother liquor dari filtration
section untuk membentuk NH3 recovery
Kondisi Operasi : T= 120 ˚C
P= 1 atm
Asumsi : Terjadi reaksi
Konversi NH4Cl = 90%

Reaksi Dekomposisi
NH4HCO3 NH3 + CO2 + H2 O A4.1
Reaksi 1 : 2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 2NH3 + 2H2O + CaCl2 A4.2
Tabel A4.1 Komposisi dari Rotary Drum Filter

No Komponen Massa (kg) BM Mol (kmol)
1 NaCl 3,191.50 58.44 54.61
2 H2 O 14,032.02 18 779.56
3 Mg(OH)2 83.76 58 1.44
4 CaCl2 128.19 84 1.53
5 Na2SO4 86.72 142 0.61
6 CaCO3 61.38 100 0.61
7 Impuritas - 0
8 CaO 28.10 56.000 0.50
9 NH4OH 39,396.56 35 1,125.62
10 NaHCO3 4,228.31 84.000 50.34
11 NH4Cl 26,438.90 53.490 494.28
12 NH4HCO3 2,103.55 79 26.63
13 P.A.M 0.139 71 0.002
TOTAL 89,779.14 2,535.72
Tabel A4.2 Komposisi dari Lime Milk:

No Komponen Massa (kg) BM Mol (kmol)
1 Ca(OH)2 20,285.421 74 274.127
2 H2 O 44,907.037 18 2494.835
TOTAL 65,192.458 2768.963
Reaksi Dekomposisi
NH4HCO3 NH3 + CO2 + H2O
Mula-mula 26.627
Reaksi 23.965 23.965 23.965 23.965
Sisa 2.663 23.965 23.965 23.965
Maka, NH4HCO3 yang terkonversi sebesar = 23.965 kmol
= mol NH4HCO3 x BM NH4HCO3
= 23.965 x 79
= 1893.199 kg
Maka, NH4HCO3 yang tersisa sebesar = 2.663 kmol

= mol NH 4
HCO 3
x BM NH 4
HCO3
= 2.663 x 79
= 210.355 kg
Tabel A4.3 Produk yang Dihasilkan Dari Reaksi Dekomposisi

Reaksi Dekomposisi
1 NH3 23.965 17 407.397
2 CO2 23.965 44 1054.440
3 H2 O 23.965 18 431.362
Total Generasi 71.894 1893.199
Reaksi 1 :
2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 2NH3 + 2H2O + CaCl2
Mula-mula 494.28 274.127
Reaksi 444.85 222.425 444.85 444.85 222.425
Sisa 49.428 51.702 444.85 444.85 222.425
Maka, NH4Cl yang terkonversi sebesar = 444.850 kmol

= mol NH4Cl x BM NH4Cl
= 444.850 x 53.491
= 23,795.46 kg
Tabel A4.4 Massa yang Terkonversi pada Reaksi I

1 NH4Cl 444.85 53.491 23,795.46
2 Ca(OH)2 222.42 74 16,459.44
Total Konsumsi 667.27 40,254.90
Maka, NH4Cl yang tersisa sebesar = 49.428 kmol

= mol NH4Cl x BM NH4Cl
= 49.428 x 53.491
= 2,643.94 kg
Tabel A4.5 Komposisi yang Tersisa pada Reaksi I

1 NH4Cl 49.43 53.491 2,643.94
2 Ca(OH)2 51.70 74 3,825.98
Total 101.13 6,469.92
Maka, NH3 yang terbentuk sebesar = 444.850 kmol

= mol NH3 x BM NH3
= 444.850 x 17
= 7,562.45 kg
Tabel A4.6 Produk yang Dihasilkan dari Reaksi I

1 NH3 444.85 17 7,562.45
2 H2 O 444.85 18 8,007.30
3 CaCl2 222.42 111 24,689.16
Total Generasi 1,112.12 40,258.90
Tabel A4.7 Titik Didih Komponen yang Terbentuk dalam Pre Limer
No Komponen Boiling Point (ᵒC)
1 NaCl 1413
2 H2O 100
3 NH4OH 27
4 NaHCO3 851
5 NH4Cl 520
6 NH4HCO3 dekomposisi
7 CaCO3 dekomposisi
8 Impuritas
9 CO2 -78.5
10 CaO 2850
11 Ca(OH)2 580
12 NH3 -33.34
13 CaCl2 1935
Berdasarkan data tersebut, maka Gas NH3, CO2 dan H2O akan terbawa langsung sebagai top
produk Pre Limer yang akan masuk ke dalam sistem ammonia absorpsi
Tabel A4.8 Neraca Massa Pre-Limer (R-410)

Neraca Massa Pre-limer
Masuk (kg) Keluar (kg)
Aliran <60> rotary drum filter Aliran <61> ammonia absorber
Fraksi
Massa
NaCl 0.036 3,191.502 NH3 0.10 7,969.842
H2O 0.156 14,032.021 CO2 0.01 1,054.440
Mg(OH)2 0.001 83.761 H2O 0.88 67,377.715
CaCl2 0.001 128.191 Total <61> 1 76,401.998
Na2SO4 0.001 86.720
CaCO3 0.001 61.384
Impuritas 0.00 0.00
CaO 0.000 28.099
NH4OH 0.439 39,396.562
NaHCO3 0.047 4,228.307
NH4Cl 0.294 26,438.902
NH4HCO3 0.023 2,103.554
P.A.M 0.000 0.139
Total <60> 1 89,779.14
Aliran <46> lime milk Aliran <64> limbah
Fraksi
Massa
Ca(OH)2 0.3112 20,285.421 NaCl 0.041 3,191.50
H2O 0.6888 44,907.037 Ca(OH)2 0.049 3,825.98
Total <46> 1 65,192.458 NaHCO3 0.054 4,228.31
NH4Cl 0.034 2,643.94
NH4HCO3 0.003 210.36
NH4OH 0.501 39,396.56
CaCO3 0.001 61.38
Impuritas 0.000 -
CaO 0.000 28.10
Mg(OH)2 0.001 83.76
CaCl2 0.316 24,817.35
Na2SO4 0.001 86.72
P.A.M 0.000 0.139
Total <64> 1 78,574.10

154,971.60 kg + 42,152.10 kg = 154,975.60 kg + 42,148.1 kg
197,123.698 kg = 197,123.698 kg
A5. FILTRATION SECTION

A5.1. Rotary Drum Filter (H-510)
<58> carbonation column
<60> pre limer Rotary Drum Filter

(H-510)
<60> pre limer Rotary Drum Filter
(H-510)
<59> rotary calciner
Gambar A5.1 Blok Diagram Sistem Rotary Drum Filter (H-510)
Fungsi : Memisahkan NH4Cl dengan NaHCO3

Kondisi Operasi : T = 30 C
P = 1 atm
Asumsi : Effisiensi alat = 90%
Tidak ada NH4Cl masuk ke kalsinasi
Tabel A5.1 Neraca Massa Rotary Drum Filter (H-510)
Neraca Massa Rotary Drum Filter
Masuk (kg) Keluar (kg)
Aliran <58> carbonation column Aliran <59> rotary calciner
Fraksi
Massa
NaCl 0.012 3,191.50 NaCl 0.0000 -
H2O 0.514 140,320.21 H2O 0.6891 126,288.19
Mg(OH)2 0.000 83.76 Mg(OH)2 0.0000 -
CaCl2 0.000 128.19 CaCl2 0.0000 -
Na2SO4 0.000 86.72 Na2SO4 0.0000 -
CaCO3 0.000 61.38 CaCO3 0.0000 -
Impurities 0.000 3.23 Impurities 0.0000 3.23
CaO 0.000 28.10 CaO 0.0000 -
NH4OH 0.144 39,396.56 NH4OH 0.0000 -
NaHCO3 0.155 42,283.07 NaHCO3 0.2076 38,054.76
NH4Cl 0.097 26,438.90 NH4Cl 0.0000 -
NH4HCO3 0.077 21,035.54 NH4HCO3 0.1033 18,931.99
P.A.M 0.000 0.139 Total <59> 1 183,278.17
Total <58> 1 273,057.31
Keluar (kg)
Aliran <59> pre-limer
NaCl 0.036 3,191.50
H2 O 0.156 14,032.02
Mg(OH)2 0.001 83.76
CaCl2 0.001 128.19
Na2SO4 0.001 86.72
CaCO3 0.001 61.38
Impurities 0.000 -
CaO 0.000 28.10
NH4OH 0.439 39,396.56
NaHCO3 0.047 4,228.31
NH4Cl 0.294 26,438.90
NH4HCO3 0.023 2,103.55
P.A.M 0.000 0.14
Total <59> 1 89,779.14
A5.2. Rotary Calciner (B-520)

<67> cyclone <66> udara panas
Rotary Calciner
(B-520)
<59> rotary drum filter <71> ball mill
Gambar A5.2 Blok Diagram Sistem Rotary Calciner (B-520)
Fungsi : Untuk mendekomposisi NaHCO3 yang masuk dari filtrasi dengan udara
panas dari steam
Kondisi Operasi : T = 180 ˚C
P = 1 atm
Asumsi : kadar Na2CO3 dalam produk = 99.94%
terdekomposisi sempurna
Menuju cyclone = 2%
Reaksi 1 : 2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O A5.1
Reaksi 2 : NH4HCO3 NH3 + CO2 + H2O A5.2
Tabel A5.2 Komposisi Masuk Rotary Calciner dari Rotary Drum Filter
NaCl 0.0000 - - -
H2 O 0.6891 126,288.19 18 7,016.01
Mg(OH)2 0.0000 - - -
CaCl2 0.0000 - - -
Na2SO4 0.0000 - - -
CaCO3 0.0000 - - -
Impurities 0.0000 3.23 - -
CaO 0.0000 - - -
NH4OH 0.0000 - - -
NaHCO3 0.2076 38,054.76 84 453.03
NH4Cl 0.0000 - - -
NH4HCO3 0.1033 18,931.99 79 239.65
TOTAL 183,279.17 183,278.17 7,708.69
Tabel A5.3 Komposisi udara panas masuk rotary calciner

Mol
Komponen Massa (kg) Fraksi Massa BM
(kmol)
O2 140,788.38 0.2100 32 4,400
N2 529,632.48 0.7900 28 18,915
Total 670,420.86 1.0000 23315.08
Reaksi 1 :
2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2 O A5.1
Mula-mula 453.03
Reaksi 453.03 226.516 226.516 226.516
Sisa 0 226.516 226.516 226.516
Reaksi 2 :
NH4HCO3 NH3 + CO2 + H2 O A5.2
Mula-mula 239.6
Reaksi 239.6 239.645 239.645 239.645
Sisa 0 239.645 239.645 239.645
Tabel A5.4 Massa yang terkonversi pada kedua reaksi di rotary calciner
1 NaHCO 3 453.033 84 38,054.761
2 NH4HCO3 239.645 79 18,931.986
Total Konsumsi 692.678 56,986.747
Tabel A5.5 Produk yang dihasilkan dari kedua reaksi di rotary calciner
1 Na2CO3 226.516 106 24,010.742
2 NH3 239.645 17 4,073.972
3 CO2 466.162 44 20,511.121
4 H2 O 466.162 18 8,390.913
Total Generasi 1398.4855 56,986.747
Tabel A5.6 Neraca Massa Rotary Calciner (B-520)

Neraca Massa Rotary Calciner
Aliran <59> rotary drum filter Aliran <70> ball mill
Fraksi
Massa
NaHCO3 0.5945 38,054.76 NaHCO3 0 -
NH4HCO3 0.2958 18,931.99 NH4HCO3 0 -
H2O (l) 0.1096 7,016.01 Na2CO3 0.9996 23,530.53
Impuritas 0.0001 3.23 H2O (l) 0.0003 6.25
Total <59> 1.00 64,005.99 Impuritas 0.0001 3.17
Total <70> 1 23,539.94
Aliran <66> udara panas Aliran <67> cyclone

Fraksi
Massa
O2 0.210 140,788.38 CO2 (g) 0.029 20,511.12
N2 0.790 529,632.48 NH3 (g) 0.006 4,073.97
Total <66> 1.00 670,420.86 H2O (g) 0.022 15,400.68
O2 0.198 140,788.38
N2 0.745 529,632.48
Na2CO3 0.001 480.21
Total <67> 1.000 710,886.91

734,426.85 kg + 56,986.7 kg = 734,426.85 kg + 56,986.7 kg
791,413.597 kg = 791,413.597 kg
A5.3 Cyclone (H-522)
<67> dari calciner <71> ke ball mill

Cyclone
(H-522)
Gambar A5.3 Blok Diagram Sistem Cyclone (H-522)
Fungsi : Memisahkan gas dan debu dari calciner

Kondisi Operasi :
Tabel A5.7 Neraca Massa Cyclone (H-522)

Neraca Massa Cyclone
Aliran <67> dari calciner Aliran <68> gas ke atmosfer
Fraksi
Massa
CO2 (g) 0.0289 20,511.12 CO2 (g) 0.029 20,511.12
NH3 (g) 0.0057 4,073.97 NH3 (g) 0.006 4,073.97
H2O (g) 0.0217 15,400.68 H2O (g) 0.022 15,400.68
O2 0.1980 140,788.38 O2 0.198 140,788.38
N2 0.7450 529,632.48 N2 0.746 529,632.48
Na2CO3 0.0007 480.21 Na2CO3 0.000 4.80
Total <67> 1.000 710,886.91 Total <68> 1.000 710,411.43
Aliran <69> ke ball mil

Na2CO3 1.000 475.4127
Total <69> 1.000 475.48
A5.4 Ball Mill (C-530), Bag Filter (H-532), Vibrating Screen (H-531) dan Silo (F-533)
<88> ke bag filter Bag Filter <89> ke silo

(H-532)
<69> dari cyclone
<72> ke vibrating screen <5> Na2CO3 tank
Ball Mill Vibrating Screen Silo

(C-530) (H-531) (F-533)
<70> dari rotary
calciner
<74> ke silo <90> product
<73> Recycle
Gambar A5.4 Blok Diagram Sistem Ball Mill (C-530), Bag Filter (H-532) dan Vibrating Screen
(H-531)
Fungsi Ball Mill : Mereduksi ukuran partikel produk Na2CO3 dengan penggilingan sehingga
sesuai dengan spesifikasi pasar
Fungsi Vibrating: Mengayak produk Na2CO3 dengan ukuran 100 mesh dimana partikel yang
Screen tidak lolos akan dikembalikan ke dalam ball mill
Fungsi Bag Filter : Menangkap debu yang beterbangan dari ball mill
Fungsi Silo : Tempat penyimpanan produk Na2CO3
Kondisi operasi : T = 30 ˚C
P = 1 atm
Asumsi : Partikel oversize (>100 mesh) yang direcycle = 4%
Dust Lost = 10%
Tabel A5.8 Neraca Massa Ball Mill (C-530)

Neraca Massa Ball Mill
Aliran <70> rotary calciner Aliran <88> Na2CO3 ke bag filter
Fraksi
Massa
Na2CO3 0.9996 23,530.53 Na2CO3 0.9996 2,490.24
H2O 0.0003 6.25 H2O 0.0003 0.65
Total <70> 1 23,539.94 Total <88> 1.0000 2,491.23
Aliran <73> recycle Aliran <72> Na2CO3 ke vibrating screen

Fraksi
Massa
Na2CO3 0.9996 896.49 Na2CO3 0.9996 22,412.19
H2O 0.0003 H
0.24 2 O 0.0003 5.84
Total <73> 1 896.85 Total <72> 1.0000 22,421.04
Aliran <69> cyclone

Fraksi
Komponen Massa (kg)
Massa
Na2CO3 1 475.41
Impuritas 0 0.06
Total <69> 1 475.48
Tabel A5.9 Neraca Massa Bag Filter (H-532)

Neraca Massa Bag Filter
Aliran <88> dari ball mill Aliran <89> ke silo
Fraksi
Massa
Na2CO3 0.9996 2,490.24 Na2CO3 0.9996 2,490.24
H2O 0.0003 0.65 H2O 0.0003 0.65
Total <88> 1 2,491.23 Total <89> 1.0000 2,491.23
Tabel A5.10 Neraca Massa Vibrating Screen (H-531)

Neraca Massa Vibrating Screen
Aliran <72> ball mill Aliran <74> silo
Fraksi
Massa
Na2CO3 0.9996 22,412.19 Na2CO3 0.9996 21,515.70
H2O 0.0003 5.84 H2O 0.0003 5.60
Total <72> 1.0000 22,421.04 Total <74> 1.0000 21,524.20
Aliran <73> recycle

Na2CO3 0.9996 896.49
H2 O 0.0003 0.23
Total <73> 1.00 896.84
Tabel A5.11 Neraca Massa Silo (F-533)

Neraca Massa Silo
Aliran <74> dari vibrating screen Aliran <5> ke Na2CO3 tank
Fraksi
Massa
Na2CO3 0.9996 21,515.70 Na2CO3 0.9996 647.35
H2O 0.0003 5.60 H2O 0.0003 0.17
Total <26> 1.0000 21,524.20 Total <49> 1.0000 647.60
Aliran <89> dari bag filter Aliran <90> produk Na2CO3

Fraksi
Massa
Na2CO3 0.1157 2,490.24 Na2CO3 0.9996 23,358.59
H2O 0.0000 0.65 H2O 0.0003 6.08
Total <89> 0.1157 2,491.23 Total <67> 1.00 23,367.82
ndungan SO2 di dalam gas hasil pembakaran di rotary kiln
<5> Na2CO3 tank
APPENDIKS B
PERHITUNGAN NERACA ENERGI
1 Tahun = 330 hari

Waktu operasi = 24 jam/hari
Basis Waktu = 1 jam
Kapasitas = 185,000 ton/tahun
= 560,606 kg/hari
= 23,358.59 kg/hari
Tref = 25 o
C
= 298.15 K
Tetapan Gas, R = 8,314 kJ/kmol K
Persamaan Umum Neraca Panas

Aliran Energi Input – Aliran Energi Output + (Ws + Q) = Akumulasi B.1
Sumber : Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering 7th edition, David M.
Himmelblau dan James B. Riggs
Asumsi sistem steady state,sehingga akumulasi sama dengan 0 dan reaksi menjadi
Aliran Energi Input – Aliran Energi Output + (Ws + Q) = 0 B.2
Apabila sistem adiabatis, maka persamaan menjadi :

Aliran Energi Input – Aliran Energi Output + Ws = 0 B.3
Dimana :
● Aliran Energi Input Sistem
∆H input = mol masuk (kmol) x Cp (kJ/kmol K) x ∆T (K) B.4
● Aliran Energi Output Sistem
∆H output = mol keluar (kmol) x Cp (kJ/kmol K) x ∆T (K) B.5
Persamaan untuk menghitung kapasitas panas :
B.6
Dimana :
B.7
Sumber : Smith Van Ness, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
B - 95
Jika Cp campuran, maka persamaan yang digunakan :
Cpcamp = Σ (fraksi moli x Cpi) B.8
Perhitungan neraca energi untuk sistem yang melibatkan reaksi :
∆H reaksi = ∆H reaktan + ∆H produk + ∆Hrxn298,15 K B.9
Dimana :
∆Hrxn298,15 K = ∆Hf298,15 K produk - ∆Hf298,15 K reaktan B.10
Tabel B.1 Data Kapasitas Panas dari Elemen dan Senyawa Anorganik dengan Fungsi Temperatur
Senyawa Heat capacity Satuan BM
NaCl (l) 15.9 cal/K.mol 58.44
CaSO4 (c) 18,52 + 0,02197 T - 156800/T2 cal/K.mol 136.14
MgCl2 (c) 17,3 + 0,00377 T cal/K.mol 95.211
MgSO4 (c) 26.7 cal/K.mol 120.366
Ca(OH)2 (c) 21.4 cal/K.mol 74.093
CaCO3 (c) 19,68 + 0,01189 T - 307600/T2 cal/K.mol 100.087
CO2 (g) 10,34 + 0,00274 T - 195500/T2 cal/K.mol 44.008
CaO (c) 10 + 0,00484 T - 108000/T2 cal/K.mol 56.077
Mg(OH)2 18.2 cal/K.mol 58.32
CaCl2 (c) 16,9 + 0,00386 T cal/K.mol 110.98
Na2CO3 (c) 28.9 cal/K.mol 105.989
Na2SO4 32.8 cal/K.mol 84.007
NH4OH 19.1 cal/K.mol 35.04
NH4Cl 9,8 + 0,0368 T cal/K.mol 53.491
NH4HCO3 53.9 cal/K.mol 79.056
Impuritis 0.3 cal/g.K
NH3 6,70 + 0,00630 T cal/K.mol 17.031
O2 8,27 + 0,000258 T - 187700/T2 cal/K.mol 31.998
N2 6,5 + 0,001 T cal/K.mol 28.013
SO2 7,7 + 0,0053 T - 0,00000083/T2 cal/K.mol 64.066
Carbon 2,673 + 0,002617 T - 116900/T2 cal/K.mol 12.011
Hidrogen 6.8 cal/K.mol 1.008
Sulfur 3,63 + 0,0064 T cal/K.mol 32.065
P.A.M 96 J/K.mol 71
Ash 1.14 kJ/K.kg
HSO3- -53 cal/K.mol
HSO4- -84 cal/K.mol
B - 96
SO42- -293 cal/K.mol
H+ 0 cal/K.mol
Sumber : Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook 8th Edition
*dimana T adalah temperatur operasi dalam Kelvin
Tabel B.2 Data nilai A, B, C, dan D untuk Menghitung Kapasitas Panas Menggunakan Bilangan Arnold
Senyawa A B C D
NaHCO3 5.128 0.018148
H2O (l) 8.712 0.00125 -1.8E-07 0
H2O (g) 3.47 0.00145 0 12100
Udara 3.355 0.000575 0 -1600
NH4Cl 5.939 0.016105
Asumsi yang digunakan :

- Perubahan energi potensial diabaikan, karena tidak ada perbedaan tinggi
- Perubahan energi kinetik diabaikan, karena tidak ada perubahan kecepatan
- Sistem steady state (akumulasi = 0)
Digunakan steam jenuh :

Data steam table:
Steam pada temperatur = 200 oC dan tekanan = 15,56 bar = 1.554,9 kPa
H steam = 2,790.90 kJ/kg
h kondensat = 852.40 kJ/kg
l = 1,938.50 kJ/kg
= 465,240.00 cal/kg
Sumber : Gean Koplis
B.1 BRINE PURIFICATION SECTION

B1.1 Salt Dissolver Tank (M-110)
T= 30 C
303.15 K
<2> air proses
<1> garam rakyat Salt Dissolver Tank <3> ke brine reaktor
(M-110) T?
T= 30 C
303.15 K P operasi = 1 atm
Gambar B1.1 Blok Diagram Sistem Salt Dissolver Tank (M-110)
Asumsi Tidak terjadi reaksi
B - 97
INPUT
Aliran <1> Garam Rakyat
T masuk = 30 0C = 303.15 K τ = Tmasuk/ Tref
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K = 1.01677
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B1.1 Data Komposisi Garam Rakyat yang Dipakai

NaCl 0.856 36,685.20
CaSO4 0.010 437.14
MgCl2 0.026 1,097.13
MgSO4 0.008 347.14
Impurities 0.006 248.57
H2 O 0.094 4,041.37
TOTAL 1 42,856.54
Tabel B1.2 Total Entalpi Aliran <1> Garam Rakyat

Komponen BM Kmol Mol Cp ∆T ΔH (kJ)
NaCl 58.5 627.097 627,097 15.9 5 208,590.16
CaSO4 136 3.214 3,214 23.4527812 5 1,577.01
MgCl2 95 11.549 11,549 18.4428755 5 4,455.78
MgSO4 120 2.893 2,893 26.7 5 1,615.82
Impurities - - - 0.3 5 1,560.01
H2 O 18 224.521 224,521 75.4207989 5 84,667.64
Total <1> 869.2738374 869,274 302,466.42
Contoh Perhitungan Entalpi

NaCl = n x Cp x dT
= 627,097.4 x 15.9 x 5
= 49,854,244.54 cal x 4,184 J x 1 kJ
1 cal 1000 J
= 208,590.2 kJ

B - 98
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K = 1.01677
T ref = 25 C 0
= 298.15 K
Tabel B1.3 Total Entalpi Aliran <2> Air Proses

Fraksi
Komponen Massa (kg) BM Mol Cp ∆T ΔH (kJ)
Massa
H2 O 1 101,061.2 18 5,614,509 75.421 5 2,117,254
Total <2> 1 101,061.2 2,117,254

H2O = n x Cp x dT
= 5,614,508.5 x 75.4207989 x 5
= 2,117,253,599.38 1 mol x 1 kmol KJ
1000 mol kmol
= 2,117,253.6 kJ
OUTPUT
Aliran <3> ke Brine Reaktor
T keluar = 30.000 0C = 303.15 K τ = Tkeluar/ Tref

T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K = 1.01677
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B1.4 Total Entalpi Aliran <3> ke Brine Reaktor

Fraksi
Massa
NaCl 0.255 36,685.20 58.5 627,097.4 15.9 5 208,590.16
CaSO4 0.003 437.14 136 3,214.24 23.453 5 1,577.01
MgCl2 0.008 1,097.13 95 11,548.71 18.443 5 4,455.78
MgSO4 0.002 347.14 120 2,892.82 26.7 5 1,615.82
Impuritas 0.002 248.57 - - 0.3 5 1,560.01
H2 O 0.730 105,102.53 18 5,839,029 75.421 5 2,201,921
Total <3> 1 143,917.7 6,483,782 2,419,720

H2O = n x Cp x dT
= 5,839,029.2 x 75.4207989 x 5
B - 99
= 2,201,921,235.16 1 mol x 1 kmol KJ
1000 mol kmol
= 2,201,921.2 kJ
Tabel B1.5 Neraca Energi Sistem Salt Dissolver Tank (M-110)

MASUK (kJ) KELUAR (kJ)
ΔH Aliran <1> 302,466.421 ΔH Aliran <3> 2,419,720.020
ΔH Aliran <2> 2,117,253.599
Total Energi Masuk 2,419,720.020Total Energi Keluar 2,419,720.020
Aliran Energi Input - Aliran Energi Output = 0

2,419,720.020 - 2,419,720.020 = 0
Jadi temperatur keluar dari salt dissolver tank menuju ke brine reaktor = 30 oC
= 303.15 K
B1.2 Na2CO3 Tank (M-120)
T= 30 C
303.15 K
<5> Na2CO3 dari produk
Na2CO3 Tank
(M-120) T?
T= 30 C
303.15 K P operasi = 1 atm
Gambar B1.2 Blok Diagram Na2CO3 Tank (M-120)
INPUT
Aliran <5> Na2CO3 dari Produk
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K = 1.01677
T ref = 25 C
0
= 298.15 K
Tabel B1.6 Total Entalpi Aliran <5> Na2CO3 dari Produk

Fraksi
Massa
B - 100
Na2CO3 0.99960506 647.35 106 6,107.1 28.9 5 3,692.253
H2 O 0.00026033 0.17 18 9.4 75.4 5 3.532
Impuritas 0.00013461 0.09 - - 5 1.824
Total <5> 1 647.6038085 6116.42318 3,697.609

Na2CO3 = n x Cp x dT
= 6,107.1 x 28.9 x 5
= 882,469.74 cal x 4,184 J x 1 kJ
1 cal 1000 J
= 3,692.253 kJ

T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K = 1.01677
T ref = 25 C 0
= 298.15 K

Fraksi
Massa
H2 O 1 8,091.7 18 449,537.9 75.4 5 169,522.53
Total <6> 1 8,092 169,522.53

H2O = n x Cp x dT
= 449,537.9 x 75.4 x 5
= 169,522,533.55 1 mol x 1 kmol KJ
1000 mol kmol
= 706,343.9 kJ
OUTPUT
T keluar= 30.000 0C = 303.15 K τ = Tkeluar/ Tref
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K = 1.01677
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
B - 101
Fraksi
Massa
Na2CO3 0.07407394 647.35 106 6,107.1 28.9 5 3,692.25
H2 O 0.92592463 8,091.85 18 449,547.3 75.4 5 169,526
Impuritas 1.42514E-06 0.0872 - - - 5 1.824
Total <7> 1 8,739.29 173,220

= 6,107.1 x 28.9 x 5
= 882,469.74 cal x 4,184 J x 1 kJ
1 cal 1000 J
= 3,692.3 kJ
Tabel B1.9 Neraca Energi Sistem Na2CO3 Tank (M-120)

∆H Aliran < 6> 169,522.534 ∆H Aliran <7> 173,220.143
∆H Aliran < 5 > 3,697.609
Total Energi Masuk 173,220.143 Total Energi Keluar 173,220.143

173,220.143 - 173,220.143 = 0
Jadi temperatur keluar dari Na2CO3 tank menuju ke brine reaktor = 30 oC

= 303.15 K
B1.3 Ca(OH)2 Tank (M-130)
<9> Ca(OH)2 dari lime slaker

T= 30 C
<8> Air proses 303.15 K
<10> ke brine reaktor
Ca(OH)2 tank
(M-130)
T= 30 C T?
303.15 K
P operasi = 1 atm
Gambar B1.3 Blok Diagram Ca(OH)2 Tank (M-130)
B - 102
INPUT
Aliran <9> Ca(OH)2 dari lime slaker
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K = 1.01677
T ref = 25 C 0
= 298.15 K
Tabel B1.10 Total Entalpi Aliran <9> Ca(OH)2 dari Lime Slaker
Fraksi
Massa
Ca(OH)2 0.31 1,068.67 74 14,441.5 21.4 5 6,438.514
H2 O 0.69 2,365.78 18 131,432.5 75.4 5 206,515.5
Total <9> 1.00 3,434.46 145,874.0 212,954.0

Ca(OH)2 = n x Cp x dT
= 14,441.5 x 21.4 x 5
= 1,545,243.33 cal x 4,184 J x 1 kJ
1 cal 1000 J
= 6,438.5 kJ

T operasi = 30 C 0
= 303.15 K = 1.01677
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K

Fraksi
Massa
H2 O 1 3,410.83 18 189,490.3 75.4 5 71,457.6
Total <8> 1 3,410.83 71,457.6

H2O = n x Cp x dT
= 189,490.3 x 75.4 x 5
= 71,457,560.88 1 mol x 1 kmol KJ
1000 mol kmol
B - 103
= 71,457.6 kJ
OUTPUT
T operasi = 30 C 0
= 303.15 K = 1.03741
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K

Fraksi
Massa
Ca(OH)2 0.156 1,068.67 74 14,441.5 21.4 11.1528 14,361.513
H2 O 0.844 5,776.61 18 320,922.8 75.4 11.1528 270,050.0
Total <10> 1 6,845.28 284,411.6

= 14,441.5 x 21.4 x 11.1528
= 3,446,763.08 cal x 1J x 1 kJ
0,24 cal 1000 J
= 14,361.5 kJ
Tabel B1.13 Neraca Energi Sistem Ca(OH)2 Tank (M-130)

ΔH Aliran <9> 212,953.982 ΔH Aliran <10> 284,411.555
ΔH Aliran <8> 71,457.561
Total 284,411.543 Total 284,411.555

284,411.543 - 284,411.555 = 0
Jadi temperatur keluar dari Ca(OH)2 tank menuju ke Brine Reactor =

36.1528 o
C
= 309.303 K
B1.4 Brine Reactor (R-140)
P Operasi = 1 atm
B - 104
T = 36.15281659 C T= 30 C
309.3028166 K 303.15 K
<10> dari Ca(OH)2 tank <7> dari Na2CO3 tank
<3> dari salt dissolver tank Brine Reaktor (R-140)

<11> ke Clarifier
T= 30 C T?
303.15 K
Gambar B1.4 Blok Diagram Sistem Brine Reactor (R-140)
Asumsi Reaksi Sempurna
Reaksi I : MgSO4(Aq) + Ca(OH)2(Aq) CaSO4(Aq) + Mg(OH)2(S)

Reaksi II :MgCl2(Aq) + Ca(OH)2(Aq) CaCl2(Aq) + Mg(OH)2(S)
Reaksi III : CaSO4(Aq) + Na2CO3(Aq) CaCO3(Aq) + Na2SO4(Aq)
INPUT
Aliran <3> dari Salt Dissolver Tank
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 1.0168
T ref = 25 C
0
= 298.15 K
Tabel B1.14 Komponen Masuk ke Brine Reactor dari aliran <3> Salt Dissolver Tank
Fraksi
Massa
NaCl 0.255 36,685.20 58.5 627,097.4 15.9 5.000 207,726.0
CaSO4 0.003 437.14 136 3,214.2 23.453 5.000 1,570.477
MgCl2 0.008 1,097.13 95 11,548.7 18.443 5.000 4,437.321
MgSO4 0.002 347.14 120 2,892.8 26.7 5.000 1,609.129
Impuritas 0.002 248.57 - 0.3 5.000 1,553.550
H2O (l) 0.730 105,102.5 18 5,839,029 75.4 5.000 2,201,921
Total <3> 1 143,917.7 2,418,818

NaCl = n x Cp x dT
= 627,097.42 x 15.9 x 5.000
= 49,854,244.54 cal x 1J x 1 kJ
= 0,24 cal 1000 J
= 207,726.02 kJ
B - 105
Aliran <7> dari Na2CO3 Tank
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K = 1.017
T ref = 25 C
0
= 298.15 K
Tabel B1.15 Komponen Masuk Brine Reactor dari Aliran <7> Na2CO3 Tank
Fraksi
Massa
Na2CO3 0.07407334 647.35 106 6,107.1 28.9 5 3,676.957
H2 O 0.9259 8,091.85 18 449,547.3 75.4 5 706,359
Impuritas 9.97465E-06 0.0872 0.3 5 0.545
Total <7> 1 8,739.29 710,036.1

= 6,107.1 x 28.9 x 5
= 882,469.74 cal x 1J x 1 kJ
0,24 cal 1000 J
= 3,676.96 kJ
Aliran <10> dari Ca(OH)2

T masuk = 36.1528166 0C = 309.30282 K τ = Tmasuk/ Tref
T operasi = 30 C
0
= 303.15 K = 1.037
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B1.16 Komponen Masuk Brine Reactor dari Aliran <10> Ca(OH)2 Tank
Fraksi
Massa
Ca(OH)2 0.16 1,068.67 74 14,441.53 21.4 11.1528 14,361.513
H2 O 0.84 5,776.61 18 320,922.8 75.4 11.1528 270,050.0
Total <10> 1.0 6,845.28 335,364.3 284,411.6

= 14,441.5 x 21.4 x 11.153
= 3,446,763.08 cal x 1J x 1 kJ
0,24 cal 1000 J
= 14,361.51 kJ
B - 106
OUTPUT
Aliran <11> ke Clarifier
T operasi = 30 C 0
= 303.150 K = 1.030
T ref = 25 0C = 298.150 K
Tabel B1.17 Total Entalpi Aliran <11> ke Clarifier

Fraksi
Massa
NaCl 0.230 36,685.199 58.44 627,741.3 15.9 9 370,693.5
H2O (l) 0.745 118,970.99 18 6,609,499 75.4 9 4,444,419
Mg(OH)2 0.005 837.609 58 14,441.53 18.2 9 9,761.614
CaCl2 0.008 1,281.907 111 11,548.71 18.09 9 7,757.031
Na2SO4 0.005 867.202 142 6,107.06 32.8 9 7,439.487
CaCO3 0.004 610.706 100 6,107.06 20.07 9 4,551.841
Ca(OH)2 0 0 74 0.00 21.4 9 0.000
Na2CO3 0 0 106 0.00 28.9 9 0.000
Impuritas 0.002 248.655 - 0.3 9 2,770.485
MgSO4 0.000 0.000 120 0.00 26.7 9 0.000
MgCl2 0 0 95 0.00 18.46 9 0.000
CaSO4 0 0 136 0.00 23.60 9 0.000
Total <11> 1 243,469.63 4,847,392
Contoh Perhitungan entalpi :

NaCl = n x Cp x dT
= 627,741.3 x 15.9 x 9
= 88,966,434.71 cal x 1 J x 1 kJ
0,24 cal 1000 J
= 370,693.48 kJ
ENTALPI REAKSI
Reaksi I
B - 107
MgSO4(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) CaSO4(aq) + Mg(OH)2(s)
Mula-Mula 2,892.82 14,441.53 - - mol
Bereaksi 2,892.82 2,892.82 2,892.82 2,892.82 mol
Sisa 0.00 11,548.71 2,892.82 2,892.82 mol
T MgSO4 masuk = 30.000 C

o
= 303.150 K
T Ca(OH)2 masuk = 36 C
o
= 309.303 K
T referensi = 25 C
o
= 298.150 K
T CaSO4 keluar = 33.91 C
o
= 307.064 K
T Mg(OH)2 keluar = 33.91 C
o
= 307.064 K
Perhitungan ∆H Reaktan :
Cp MgSO4 : 26.7 cal/K.mol
∆H MgSO4 = n x Cp x dT
= 2,892.816 x 26.7 x -5.000
= -386,191.00 cal x 1J x 1 kJ
0,24 cal 1000 J
= -1,609.129 kJ
Cp Ca(OH)2 : 21.4 cal/K.mol

∆H Ca(OH)2 = n x Cp x dT
= 2,892.816 x 21.4 x -11
= -690,429.31 cal x 1J x 1 kJ
0,24 cal 1000 J
= -2,876.789 kJ
∆H Reaktan = = ∆H MgSO4 + ∆H Ca(OH)2

= -1,609.129 + -2,876.789
= -4,485.918 kJ
Perhitungan ∆H Produk :
Cp CaSO4 : 23.603 cal/K.mol
∆H CaSO4 = n x Cp x dT
= 2,892.816 x 23.603 x 9
= 608,611.387 cal x 1J x 1 kJ
0,24 cal 1000 J
= 2,535.881 kJ
B - 108
Cp Mg(OH)2 : 18.2 cal/K.mol
∆H Mg(OH)2 = n x Cp x dT
= 2,892.816 x 18.2 x 9
= 469,289.315 cal x 1J x 1 kJ
0,24 cal 1000 J
= 1,955.372 kJ
∆H Produk = ∆H CaSO4 + ∆H Mg(OH)2

= 2,535.881 + 1,955.372
= 4,491.253 kJ
Tabel B1.18 Data Panas Pembetukan Reaksi I pada Suhu 25 oC

Komponen *ΔHf (kcal/mol) Mol rx *ΔHf (kJ)
MgSO4 -325.4 2,892.816 -3,922,177.032
Ca(OH)2 -235.58 2,892.816 -2,839,540.458
CaSO4 -338.73 2,892.816 -4,082,848.881
Mg(OH)2 -221.9 2,892.816 -2,674,649.918
*Sumber : Perry 8th edition,190
Perhitungan ΔHRx :
∆Hf MgSO4= Hf MgSO4 x mol rx

= -325.4 x 2,892.816
= -941,322.488 Kcal 1 kJ
0,24 Kcal
= -3,922,177.032 kJ
∆H Rx = ∑∆H produk - ∑DH reaktan

∑∆H {CaSO4 +Mg(OH)2} - ∑∆H {Ca(OH)2 +MgSO4}
= -6,757,498.799 - -6,761,717.490
= 4,218.691 kJ
∆H Reaksi 1 = ∆H produk + ∆Hreaktan + ∆H Rx

= 4,491.25 kJ + -4,485.92 kJ + 4,218.691
= 4,224.026 kJ (berada disisi output)
B - 109
Reaksi II
MgCl2(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) CaCl2(aq) + Mg(OH)2(s)
Mula-Mula 11548.71 11548.710 - - mol
Bereaksi 11548.71 11548.710 11548.710 11548.710 mol
Sisa 0 0 11548.710 11548.710 mol
T MgCl2 masuk = 30.000 C

o
= 303.150 K
T Ca(OH)2 masuk = 36 C
o
= 309.303 K
T referensi = 25 C
o
= 298.150 K
T CaCl2 keluar = 34 C
o
= 307.064 K
T Mg(OH)2 keluar = 34 C
o
= 307.064 K
Perhitungan ΔH Reaktan :
Cp MgCl2 : 18.4 cal/K.mol
∆H MgCl2 = n x Cp x dT
= 11,548.710 x 18.4 x -5.000
= -1,064,957.1 cal x 1J x 1 kJ
0,24 cal 1000 J
= -4,437.321 kJ
Cp Ca(OH)2 : 21.4 cal/K.mol

∆H Ca(OH)2 = n x Cp x dT
= 11,548.710 x 21.4 x -11
= -2,756,333.8 cal x 1J x 1 kJ
0,24 cal 1000 J
= -11,484.724 kJ
∆H Reaktan = = ∆H MgCl2 + ∆H Ca(OH)2

= -4,437.321 + -11,484.724
= -15,922.045 kJ
Perhitungan ΔH Produk :
Cp CaCl2 : 18.085 cal/K.mol
∆H CaCl2 = n x Cp x dT
= 11,548.710 x 18.085 x 9
B - 110
= 1,861,687.3 cal x 1J x 1 kJ
0,24 cal 1000 J
= 7,757.031 kJ
Cp Mg(OH)2 : 18.2 cal/K.mol

∆H Mg(OH)2 = n x Cp x dT
= 11,548.710 x 18.2 x 9
= 1,873,498.1 cal x 1J x 1 kJ
0,24 cal 1000 J
= 7,806.242 kJ
ΔH Produk = ∆H CaSO4 + ∆H Mg(OH)2

= 7,757.031 + 7,806.242
= 15,563.273 kJ
Tabel B1.19 Data Panas Pembetukan Reaksi II pada Suhu 25 C

Komponen *∆Hf (kcal/mol) mol rx *ΔHf (kJ)
MgCl2 -153.22 11,548.710 -7,372,888.883
Ca(OH)2 -235.58 11,548.710 -11,336,021.17
CaCl2 -190.6 11,548.710 -9,171,600.452
Mg(OH)2 -221.9 11,548.710 -10,677,744.70
*Sumber ; Perry 8th edition,190
Perhitungan ΔHRx :
∆Hf MgCl2 = Hf MgCl2 x mol rx

= -153.22 x 11,548.71
= -1,769,493.332 Kcal 1 kJ
0,24 Kcal
= -7,372,888.883 kJ
∆H Rx = ∑∆H produk - ∑∆H reaktan

∑∆Hf {CaCl2 +Mg(OH)2} - ∑∆Hf {Ca(OH)2 +MgCl}
= -19,849,345.154 - -18,708,910.050
= -1,140,435.103 kJ
B - 111
= 15,563.3 kJ + -15,922.0 kJ + -1,140,435.103
= -1,140,793.876 kJ (berada disisi input)
Reaksi III
CaSO4(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) CaCO3(aq) + Na2SO4(aq)
Mula-Mula 6,107.06 6,107.06 - - mol
Bereaksi 6,107.06 6,107.06 6,107.06 6,107.06 mol
Sisa 0.00 0.00 6,107.06 6,107.06 mol
T CaSO4 masuk = 34 C
o
= 307.064 K
T Na2CO3 masuk = 30.0000 C
o
= 303.150 K
T referensi = 25 C
o
= 298.150 K
T CaCO3 keluar = 33.91 C
o
= 307.064 K
T Na3SO4 keluar = 33.91 C
o
= 307.064 K
Cp CaSO4 : 23.6 cal/K.mol
∆H CaSO4 = n x Cp x dT
= 6,107.057 x 23.6 x -9
= -1,284,846 cal x 1J x 1 kJ
0,24 cal 1000 J
= -5,353.526 kJ
Cp Na2CO3 : 28.9 cal/K.mol

∆H Na2CO3 = n x Cp x dT
= 6,107.057 x 28.9 x -5
= -882,469.74 cal x 1J x 1 kJ
0,24 cal 1000 J
= -3,676.957 kJ
ΔH Reaktan = ∆H CaSO4 + ∆H Na2CO3

= -5,353.526 + -3,676.957
= -9,030.483 kJ
Perhitungan ΔH Produk :
Cp CaCO3 = 20.069 cal/K.mol
B - 112
∆H CaCO3 = n x Cp x dT
= 6,107.057 x 20.069 x 9
= 1,092,441.79 cal x 1J x 1 kJ
0,24 cal 1000 J
= 4,551.841 kJ
Cp Na2SO4 = 32.8 cal/K.mol

∆H Na2SO4 = n x Cp x dT
= 6,107.057 x 32.8 x 9
= 1,785,476.8 cal x 1J x 1 kJ
0,24 cal 1000 J
= 7,439.487 kJ
ΔH Produk = ∆H CaSO4 + ∆H Mg(OH)2

= 4,551.841 + 7,439.487
= 11,991.327 kJ
Tabel B1.20 Data Panas Pembetukan Reaksi III pada Suhu 25 C

Komponen *ΔHf (kcal/mol) Mol rx *ΔHf (kJ)
CaSO4 -338.73 6,107.057 -8,619,347.638
Na2CO3 -269.46 6,107.057 -6,856,698.298
CaCO3 -289.5 6,107.057 -7,366,637.562
Na2SO4 -330.5 6,107.057 -8,409,926.474
*Sumber ; Perry 8th edition,190
Perhitungan ∆H Rx
Menghitung ∑∆Hf :
∆Hf CaSO4= ∆Hf CaSO4 x mol Rx
= -338.73 x 6,107.06
= -2,068,643.433 kcal x 1 kJ
0,24 Kcal
= -8,619,347.638 kJ
∆H Rx = ∑H produk - ∑H reaktan
= ∑H {Na2SO4 +Na2CO3} - ∑H {CaCO3 +NaSO4}
= -15,776,564.035 - -15,476,045.936
B - 113
= -300,518.099 kJ

= 11,991.33 kJ + -9,030.48 kJ + -300,518.1 kJ
= -297,557.255 kJ (berada disisi input)
∆HR = ∆H R1 + ∆H R2 + ∆H R3
= 4,224.026 + -1,140,794 + -297,557.255
= -1,434,127.105 kJ (reaksi eksotermis)
Tabel B-21 Neraca Energi sistem Brine Reactor (R140)

ΔH <3> 2,418,817.731 ΔH <11> 4,847,392.499
ΔH <7> 710,036.109 ΔH reaksi 1 4,224.026
ΔH <9> 284,411.555
ΔH reaksi 2 1,140,793.876
ΔH reaksi 3 297,557.255
Total 4,851,616.525 Total 4,851,616.525

4,851,616.525 - 4,851,616.525 = 0.000
Jadi temperatur keluar dari Na2CO3 tank menuju ke brine reaktor =33.91 oC
= 307.06 K
B1.5 P.A.M Tank (M-130)

P Operasi = 1 atm
T = 30 C
<13> feed water process
= 303.15 K
<12> feed P.A.M <14> coagulator tank

P.A.M Tank
T= 30 C (M-150) T?
= 303.15 K
Gambar B1.5 Blok Diagram Sistem P.A.M Tank (M-130)
INPUT
Aliran <12> P.A.M
B - 114
T operasi = 30 C 0
= 303.15 K = 1.01677
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B1.22 Total Entalpi Aliran <12> P.A.M

Fraksi
Massa
P.A.M 1 1.39 71 19.61359 96 5.00 9.4145
Total <12> 1 1.39 9.4145

P.A.M = n x Cp x dT
= 19.61359 x 96 x 5
= 9,414.52 J
= 9.4145 kJ

T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K = 1.01677
T ref = 25 C 0
= 298.15 K

Fraksi
Massa
H2 O 1 122.24 18 6,791.0 75.4 5 2,560.91
Total <13> 1 122.24 2,560.91

H2 O = n x Cp x dT
= 6,791.0 x 75.4 x 5
= 2,560,905.8 1 mol x 1 kmol KJ
1000 mol kmol
= 2,560.91 kJ
OUTPUT
Aliran <14> Clarifier
T masuk = 30 0C = 303.15 K τ = Tkeluar/ Tref
B - 115
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K = 1.01677
T ref = 25 C
0
= 298.15 K
Tabel B1.24 Total Entalpi Aliran <14> ke Clarifier

Fraksi
Massa
P.A.M 0.0113 1.3926 71 19.61359 96 5.00 9.4145
H2 O 0.9887 122.2376 18 6,791.0 75.4 5.00 2,560.91
Total <14> 1 122.24 2,570.32
Tabel B1.25 Neraca Energi Sistem P.A.M Tank (M-130)

ΔH Aliran <12> 9.415 ΔH Aliran <14> 2,570.320
ΔH Aliran <13> 2,560.906
Total 2,570.320 Total 2,570.320

2,570.320 - 2,570.320 = 0
Jadi temperatur keluar dari P.A.M tank menuju ke clarifier = 30 oC

= 303.15 K
B1.6 Clarifier (H-170)
<14> P.A.M tank T= 30 C

T= 33.91 C = 303.15 K
<15> ammonia
= 307.06 K
absorber
Clarifier
<11> brine reactor (H-160) T?
<16> sludge
T?
Gambar B1.6 Blok Diagram Sistem Clarifier (H-160)
INPUT
B - 116
Arus <11> dari Brine Reactor
T operasi = 30 C
0
= 303.15 K = 1.0299
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B1.26 Total Entalpi Arus <11> dari Brine Reaktor

Fraksi
Massa
NaCl 0.230 36,685.199 58.44 627,741.3 15.9 8.91 370,693.48
H2O (l) 0.745 118,970.987 18 6,609,499.3 75.4 8.91 4,444,419
Mg(OH)2 0.005 837.609 58 14,441.5 18.2 8.91 9,761.61
CaCl2 0.008 1,281.907 111 11,548.7 16.90 8.91 7,248.65
Na2SO4 0.005 867.202 142 6,107.1 32.8 8.91 7,439.49
CaCO3 0.004 610.706 100 6,107.1 20.07 8.91 4,551.84
Impuritas 0.002 248.655 0.3 8.91 2.770
Total <11> 1.000 159,502.26 4,844,116

NaCl = n x Cp x dT
= 627,741.3 x 15.9 x 8.91
= 88,966,434.71 cal x 1J x 1 kJ
0,24 cal 1000 J
= 370,693.5 kJ
Arus <14> dari P.A.M Tank

T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K = 1.01677
T ref = 25 C
0
= 298.15 K
Tabel B1.27 Total Entalpi Arus <14> dari P.A.M Tank

Fraksi
Massa
P.A.M 0.011 1.392565115 71.00 19.6135932 96 5.00 9.41
HO
2 0.989 122.2376463 18.00 6790.98035 75.4 5.00 2,560.91
Total <14> 1 123.630 6,810.594 2,570.320
B - 117
P.A.M = n x Cp x dT
= 19.6 x 96 x 5.00
= 9,414.52 1J x 1 kJ
1000 J
= 9.41 kJ
OUTPUT
Arus <15> ke Ammonia Absorber
T keluar = 35 0C = 308.09 K τ = Tkeluar/ Tref
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K = 1.03334
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B1.28 Total Entalpi Arus <15> ke Ammonia Absorber

Fraksi
Massa
NaCl 0.235 33,016.679 58.44 564,967.13 15.9 9.94 372,059.5
HO
2 0.762 107,183.902 18.0 5,954,661.2 75.5 9.94 4,471,333
Mg(OH) 2 0.001 83.761 58 1,444.15 18.2 9.94 1,088.6
CaCl 2 0.001 128.191 111 1,154.87 18.09 9.94 865.3
Na SO2 4 0.001 86.720 142 610.71 32.8 9.94 829.7
CaCO 3 0.000 61.071 100 610.71 20.10 9.94 508.5
Impuritas 0.000 24.866 - - 0.3 9.94 0.3
P.A.M 0.000 0.1393 71 1.96 96 9.94 1.9
Total <15> 1 140,585.33 4,846,687

NaCl = n x Cp x dT
= 564,967.1 x 15.9 x 9.94
= 89,294,285.96 cal x 1J x 1 kJ
0,24 cal 1000 J
= 372,059.5 kJ
Arus <16> ke Sludge

T operasi = 30 C
0
= 303.15 K = 1.03334
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
B - 118
Tabel B1.29 Total Entalpi Arus <16> ke Sludge
Fraksi
Massa
NaCl 0.193 3,668.520 58.44 62,774.13 15.9 9.94 41,339.9
HO
2 0.625 11,909.322 18.0 661,629.0 75.5 9.94 496,815
Mg(OH) 2 0.040 753.848 58 12,997.37 18.2 9.94 9,797.6
CaCl 2 0.061 1,153.716 111 10,393.84 18.09 9.94 7,787.3
Na SO2 4 0.041 780.482 142 5,496.35 32.8 9.94 7,466.9
CaCO 3 0.029 549.635 100 5,496.35 20.10 9.94 4,576.3
Impuritas 0.012 223.790 - - 0.3 9.94 2.8
P.A.M 0.000 1.2533 71 17.65 96 9.94 16.8
Total <16> 1 19,040.57 567,803

NaCl = n x Cp x dT
= 62,774.1 x 15.9 x 9.94
= 9,921,587.33 cal x 1J x 1 kJ
0,24 cal 1000 J
= 41,339.9 kJ
Tabel B1.30 Neraca Energi Sistem P.A.M Tank (H-160)

ΔH Aliran <11> 4,844,116.407 ΔH Aliran <15> 4,846,686.842
ΔH Aliran <14> 2,570.320 ΔH Aliran <16> 567,802.512
Total Aliran Masuk 4,846,686.728Total Aliran Keluar 4,846,686.842

4,846,686.728 - 4,846,686.842 = 0
Jadi temperatur keluar dari clarifier = 35 oC

= 308.090389 K
B2. LIMESTONE SECTION

B2.1 Roraty Kiln (B-230)
<33> gas ke cyclone
T= 950 C T= 30 C
= 1223.15 K = 303.15 K
<32> udara primer
<23> conveyor limestone <30> batu bara Massa batu bara ?
Rotary Kiln
(B-230)
B - 119
<23> conveyor limestone <30> batu bara
Rotary Kiln
(B-230)
T= 30 C
T= 30 C = 303.15 K
= 303.15 K
<36> ke cooler
T= 950 C
= 1223 K
Gambar B2.1 Blok Diagram Sistem Rotary Kiln (B-230)
Asumsi : Pembakaran Batubara Sempurna

Effisiensi Alat = 90%
Reaksi dekomposisi : CaCO3 CaO + CO2 B2.1
INPUT
Aliran <23> dari limestone
T operasi = 30 C
0
= 303.15 K 1.0168
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B2.1 Total Entalpi Aliran <23> Limestone

Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.93 29,160.03 100 291,600.30 19.94 5.00 121,119.43
Impuritas 0.05 1,567.74 - - 0.30 5.00 9,798.40
H2O 0.02 627.10 18 34,838.75 75.54 5.00 13,158.56
Total <23> 1.00 31,354.87 144,076.39

Ca2CO3 = n x Cp x dT
= 291,600.3 x 19.94 x 5.00
= 29,068,663.29 cal x 1J x 1 kJ
0,24 cal 1000 J
= 121,119.4 kJ
Aliran <32> dari udara primer

B - 120
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 1.0168
T ref = 25 C
0
= 298.15 K
Tabel B2.2 Total Entalpi Aliran <32> Udara Primer

Fraksi
Komponen Massa (kg) BM Cp ∆T ΔH (kJ)
Massa
O2 0.233 22,741.88 32.00 6.306 5.00 93,362.7
N2 0.767 74,858.69 28.00 6.803 5.00 378,924.8
Total <32> 1.00 97,600.57 472,287.49

O2 = n x Cp x dT
= 710.7 x 6.31 x 5.00
= 22,407.05 kJ
Aliran <30> dari batubara

T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 1.0168
T ref = 25 C
0
= 298.15 K
Tabel B2.3 Komponen Masuk ke Rotary Kiln dari aliran <30> Batubara
Fraksi
Komponen Massa (kg) BM Mol
Massa
Carbon 0.5044 6,604.00 12 550,334
Hidrogen 0.0338 442.54 2 221,268
Nitrogen 0.0084 109.98 28 3,928
Sulfur 0.0022 28.80 32 900
Oksigen 0.1933 2,530.84 32 79,089
H2O 0.1284 1,681.11 18 93,395
Ash 0.13 1,695.52
Total <30> 1.00 13,092.79 949,037.54
Sumber : Kaltim Prima Coal
Net Hidrogen
H2 + 0,5 O2 H2O B2.3
Reaksi 158.177 79.089 158.177 kmol
Sisa 63.091 0 158.177 kmol
Jumlah H2O combined water = kmol H2O x BM H2O
B - 121
= 2,847.19 kg
Available Hidrogen = kmol hidrogen tak terikat x BM H2

= 126.1817567 kg
Tabel B2.4 Total Entalpi Aliran <30> Batubara

Fraksi
Massa
Carbon 0.5044 6,604.00 12.00 550,333.58 2.1943 5.00 301,900.29
Hidrogen 0.0096 126.18 2.00 63,090.88 6.8 5.00 17,875.75
Nitrogen 0.0084 109.98 28.00 3,927.84 6.8032 5.00 15,587.64
Sulfur 0.0022 28.80 32.00 900.13 5.5702 5.00 3,342.58
H2O (FM)* 0.1284 1,681.11 18.00 93,395.23 75.421 5.00 35,219.7
H2O (CW)** 0.2175 2,847.19 18.00 158,177.26 75.421 5.00 59,649.3
Ash 0.1295 1,695.52 - - 1.14 5.00 9,664.44
Total 13,092.79 869,825 443,239.69
* Free Moisture
** Combined Water
OUTPUT
Aliran <36> ke cooler
T operasi = 30 C
0
= 303.15 K 4.1025
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B2.5 Total Entalpi Aliran <36> ke Conveyor

Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.0148 285.77 100 2,857.68 34.02 925.00 374,669.95
CaO 0.8183 15,842.99 56 282,910.61 15.85 925.00 17,280,261
Impuritas 0.0794 1,536.39 - - 0.30 925.00 1,776,449
Ash 0.0876 1,695.52 - - 1.14 925.00 1,787,922
Total <36> 1 19,360.67 285,768.3 21,219,303
Aliran <33> ke cyclone

T operasi = 30 C
0
= 303.15 K 4.1025
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B2.6 Total Entalpi Aliran <33> ke Cyclone
B - 122
Fraksi
Massa
H2O 0.05 6,291.04 18 349,502.13 38.30 925.00 12,380,467
CO2 0.30 36,916.79 44 839,017.90 13.56 925.00 43,851,623
SO2 0.00 57.61 64 900.13 14.18 925.00 49,203
O2 0.03 4,092.95 32 127,904.57 8.46 925.00 4,170,544
N2 0.61 74,968.67 28 2,677,452 7.72 925.00 79,697,871
CaCO3 0.00 5.83 100 58.32 34.02 925.00 7,646
Impuritas 0.00 31.35 - - 0.30 925.00 36,254.07
CaO 0.00 323.33 56 5,773.69 15.85 925.00 352,658.39
Total <33> 1 122,687.6 4,000,609 140,546,267
HEATING VALUE
Diketahui heating value dari jenis batu bara yang digunakan 4,800 kcal/kg
= 20,083.2 kJ/kg
Tabel B2.7 Total Heating Value Batubara

Fraksi Heating Value
Komponen Massa (kg) BM Kmol
Massa (kJ)
Carbon 0.5044 6,604.00 12 550.334 132,629,511.3
Hidrogen 0.0338 442.54 2 221.268 8,887,544.57
Nitrogen 0.0084 109.98 28 3.928 2,208,738.89
Sulfur 0.0022 28.80 32 0.900 578,479.23
Oksigen 0.1933 2,530.84 32 79.089 50,827,288.93
H2O 0.1284 1,681.11 18 93.395 33,762,151.57
Ash 0.1295 1,695.52 - - 34,051,391.19
Total 1 13,092.79 262,945,106
ENTALPI PENGUAPAN AIR

T = 1223,15 K
Q sensible 2
Q sensible 1 T = 373,15 K
Q latent
Tf = 298,15 K
Kadar air dalam feed batu bara = H2O (FM) + H2O (CW)
= 1,681.11 kg + 2,847.19 kg
= 4,528.30 kg
= 251,572.49 kmol
B - 123
Entalpi H2O yang yang terkandung dalam batu bara ;
Q sens 1 = mol x Cp x dT
= 251,572.491 x 76.532 x (373,15 - 298,15)
= 96,266,846.098 1 joule x 1 kJ
1.000 J
= 96,266.846 kJ
λ pada T = 100˚C dan P = 101,325 Kpa

λ= H - h
= 2676 - 419.064
= 2,256.936 kcal/kg
= 9,443.020 kJ/kg
Q latent = massa H2O (kg) x λ

= 4,528.305 x 9,443.020
= 10,220,094.196 kJ
Q sens 2 = mol x Cp x dT
= 251,572.491 x 88.410 x (1223,15 - 373,15)
= 111,207,013.472 1 joule x 1 kJ
1.000 J
= 111,207.013 kJ
Q evap = Q sens 1 + Q latent + Q sens 2

= 96,266.85 kJ + 10,220,094.196 kJ + 111,207.01 kJ
= 10,427,568.055 kJ
ENTALPI REAKSI
Reaksi dekomposisi :
Konversi = 99%
CaCO3 CaO + CO2 B2.1
Mula-Mula 291,600.30 - -
Bereaksi 288,684.30 288,684.30 288,684.30
Sisa 2,916.00 288,684.30 288,684.30
T CaCO3 masuk 30 oC = 303.15 K

T referensi 25 C
o
= 298.15 K
T CaO keluar 950 oC = 1223.15 K
B - 124
T CO2 keluar 950 oC = 1223.15 K
Cp CaCO3 = 19.9373 cal/K.mol
∆H CaCO3 = n x Cp x dT
= 288,684.30 19.94 -5.00
= -28,777,977 cal x 1J x 1 kJ
0,24 cal 1000 J
= -119,908.24 kJ
∆H Reaktan = -119,908.24 kJ
Perhitungan ∆H Produk :
Cp CaO = 15.848 cal/K.mol
∆H CaO = n x Cp x dT
= 288,684.30 15.85 925.00
= 4,231,900,703 cal x 1 J x 1 kJ
0,24 cal 1000 J
= 17,632,919.60 kJ
Cp CO2 = 13.561 cal/K.mol

∆H CO2 = n x Cp x dT
= 288,684.30 13.56 925.00
= 3,621,151,767 cal x 1 J x 1 kJ
0,24 cal 1000 J
= 15,088,132.36 kJ
∆H Produk = ∆H CaO + ∆H CO2

= 17,632,919.60 kJ + 15,088,132.36 kJ
= 32,721,051.96 kJ
Tabel B2.8 Data Panas Pembentukan Reaksi Dekomposisi pada Suhu 25oC
Komponen *∆Hf (kcal/mol) mol rx *∆Hf (kJ)
CaCO3 -289.50 288,684.30 -348,225,433.9
CaO -151.70 288,684.30 -182,472,533.0
CO2 -94.05 288,684.30 -113,130,564.8
mber : Perry 8th edition,190
Perhitungan ∆HRx :
∆Hf CaCO3 = Hf CaCO3 x mol rx
B - 125
= -289.50 x 288,684.30
= -83,574,104 kcal
= -348,225,434 kJ
∆H Rx = ∑∆H produk - ∑∆H reaktan

= ∑∆H {CaO +CO2} - ∑∆H CaCO3
= -295,603,097.8 - -348,225,433.9
= 52,622,336.0 kJ
∆H Reaksi Dekomposisi = ∆H produk + ∆Hreaktan + ∆H Rx

= 32,721,052 + -119,908.2 + 52,622,336.0
= 85,223,479.75 kJ (berada disisi output)
Panas Hilang
Q loss = (1- η) x ∆H masuk
= 10% x 274,432,277.309
= 27,443,227.73 kJ
Tabel B2.9 Neraca Energi Sistem Rotary Kiln (B-230)

∆H Aliran <23> 144,076.387 ∆H Aliran <36> 21,219,302.510
∆H Aliran <32> 472,287.489 ∆H Aliran <33> 140,546,267.318
∆H Aliran <30> 443,239.690 ∆H Rxn 85,223,479.750
Heating value 262,945,105.686 Q loss 27,443,227.731
Penguapan air 10,427,568.055

274,432,277.309 - 274,432,277.309 = 0
Jadi kebutuhan batu bara untuk proses pembakaran di Rotary Kiln = 13,092.79 kg
B - 126
B2.2 Cyclone Rotary Kiln (H-231)
T?
<35> gas ke HE sebelum FGD
<33> dari rotary kiln <34> cooler

Cyclone Rotary Kiln
(H-234)
T= 950.00 C T?
= 1223.15 K
Gambar B2.2 Blok Diagram Sistem Cyclone (H-231)

INPUT
Aliran <33> dari rotary kiln
T operasi = 30 C
0
= 303.15 K 4.1025
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B2.10 Total Entalpi Aliran <33> dari Rotary Kiln

Fraksi
Massa
H2O 0.05 6,291.04 18 349,502.13 38.30 925.00 12,380,467
CO2 0.30 36,916.79 44 839,017.90 13.56 925.00 43,851,623
SO2 0.00 57.61 64 900.13 14.18 925.00 49,203
O2 0.03 4,092.95 32 127,904.57 8.46 925.00 4,170,544
N2 0.61 74,968.67 28 2,677,452 7.72 925.00 79,697,871
CaCO3 0.00 5.83 100 58.32 34.02 925.00 7,646
Impuritas 0.00 31.35 - - 0.30 925.00 36,254.07
CaO 0.00 323.33 56 5,773.69 15.85 925.00 352,658.39
Total 1 122,687.6 3,645,333 80,094,430
OUTPUT
Aliran <15> ke Heat Exchanger sebelum masuk ke FGD
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 4.1025
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
B - 127
Tabel B2.11 Total Entalpi Aliran <15> ke Heat Exchanger
Fraksi
Massa
H2O 0.0513 6,291.04 18 349,502.13 38.30 925.00 12,380,467
CO2 0.3009 36,916.79 44 839,017.90 13.56 925.00 43,851,623
SO2 0.0005 57.61 64 900.13 14.18 925.00 49,203
O2 0.0334 4,092.95 32 127,904.57 8.46 925.00 4,170,544
N2 0.6111 74,968.67 28 2,677,452 7.72 925.00 79,697,871
CaCO3 0.0000 0.06 100 0.58 34.02 925.00 76
Impuritas 0.0000 0.31 - - 0.30 925.00 362.54
CaO 0.0000 3.23 56 57.74 15.85 925.00 3,526.58
Total 1 122,330.7 3,645,276 79,701,837
Aliran <34> ke Cooler

T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 4.1025
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B2.12 Total Entalpi Aliran <34> ke Cooler

Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.0000 5.77 100 57.74 34.02 925.00 7,570
Impuritas 0.0003 31.04 - - 0.30 925.00 35,891.53
CaO 0.0026 320.09 56 5,715.95 15.85 925.00 349,131.81
Total 0 356.9 58 392,593
Tabel B2.13 Neraca Energi Sistem Cyclone (H-231)

ΔH Aliran <34> 392,593.199

80,094,430.063 - 80,094,430.063 = 0
Jadi temperatur keluar dari Cyclone = 950.00 oC

= 1223.15 K
B - 128
B2.3 Grate Cooler (E-233)
T= 950.00 C T = 80.00 C
= 1223.15 K = 353.2 K
<34> dari cyclone <37> ke cyclone
rotary kiln cooler
<36> dari rotary kiln <40> conveyor

Grate Cooler
T= 950.00 C (E-233)
= 1223.15 K T = 80.00 C
= 353.15 K
<87> udara
pendingin
T= 30.00 C
= 303.15 K
Massa udara pendingin ?
Gambar B2.3 Blok Diagram Sistem Grate Cooler (E-233)
INPUT
Aliran <36> dari rotary kiln
T operasi = 30 C 0
= 303.15 K 4.1025
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B2.14 Total Entalpi Aliran <36> dari Rotary Kiln

Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.015 285.77 100.0000 2,857.68 34.018 925.00 374,670
Impuritas 0.079 1,536.39 - - 0.3 925.00 1,776,449
CaO 0.818 15,842.99 56 282,910.61 15.848 925.00 17,280,261
Ash 0.088 1,695.52 - - 1.14 925.00 1,787,922
Total 1.000 19,360.67 21,219,303
Aliran <34> cyclone rotary kiln

B - 129
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 4.1025
T ref = 25 C 0
= 298.15 K
Tabel B2.15 Total Entalpi Aliran <34> dari Cyclone Rotary Kiln
Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.016 5.774 100.000 57.737 34.02 925.00 7,569.86
Impuritas 0.087 31.041 - - 0.300 925.00 35,892
CaO 0.897 320.093 56.000 5,715.949 15.85 925.00 349,131.81
Total 1.000 356.908 392,593.20
Aliran <87> udara pendingin

T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 1.0168
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B2.16 Total Entalpi Aliran <87> dari Udara Pendingin

Fraksi
Massa
O2 0.21 87,215.68 32.00 2,725,490 6.31 5.00 358,048.40
N2 0.79 328,097.09 28.00 11,717,753 6.80 5.00 1,660,784
Total 1.00 415,312.77 14,443,243 2,018,832
OUTPUT
Aliran <40> ke Conveyor
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 1.1845
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B2.17 Total Entalpi Aliran <40> ke Conveyor

Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.0148 285.71 100.000 2,857.11 21.413 55.00 14,019.95
Impuritas 0.0795 1,536.08 - - 0.3 55.00 105,605.60
CaO 0.8197 15,839.83 56.000 282,854.03 10.843 55.00 702,868.58
Ash 0.0860 1,661.61 - - 1.14 55.00 104,182.69
Total 1 19,323.22 926,677
Aliran <37> ke Cyclone Cooler
B - 130
T operasi = 30 C 0
= 303.15 K 1.1845
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B2.18 Total Entalpi Aliran <37> ke Cyclone Cooler

Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.0000 5.83 100.000 58.31 21.413 55.00 286.12
Impuritas 0.0001 31.35 - - 0.3 55.00 2,155.22
CaO 0.0008 323.26 56.000 5,772.53 10.843 55.00 14,344.26
Ash 0.0001 33.91 - - 1.14 55.00 2,126.18
O2 0.2098 87,215.68 32.00 2,725,490 6.8561 55.00 4,282,249
N2 0.7893 328,097.09 28.00 11,717,753 6.8532 55.00 18,402,890
Total 1.0000 415,707.1 22,704,051
Tabel B2.20 Neraca Energi Sistem Grate Cooler (E--233)

ΔH Aliran <34> 392,593.199 ΔH Aliran <37> 22,704,051.309
ΔH Aliran <36> 21,219,302.510 ΔH Aliran <40> 926,676.828
ΔH Aliran <87> 2,018,832.428

23,630,728.137 - 23,630,728.137 = 0
Jadi massa udara pendingin yang dibutuhkan = 415,312.77 kg
B2.4 Cyclone Cooler (H-234)
T?
T= 80.00 C
= 353.15 K
<37> dari cooler <39> ke conveyor
Cyclone Cooler
(H-234)
T?
Gambar B2.4 Blok Diagram Sistem Cyclone Cooler (H-234)

B - 131
INPUT
Aliran <37> dari cooler
T operasi = 30 C0
= 303.15 K 1.1845
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B2.19 Total Entalpi Aliran <37> dari grate cooler
Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.0000 5.83 100.000 58.31 21.413 55.00 286.12
Impuritas 0.0001 31.35 - - 0.3 55.00 2,155.22
CaO 0.0008 323.26 56.000 5,772.53 10.843 55.00 14,344.26
Ash 0.0001 33.91 - - 1.14 55.00 2,126.18
O2 0.2098 87,215.68 32.000 2,725,490 6.8561 55.00 4,282,249
N2 0.7893 328,097.09 28.000 11,717,753 6.8532 55.00 18,402,890
Total 1.0000 415,707.13 22,704,051
OUTPUT
Aliran <38> gas ke atmosfer
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 1.1845
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B2.20 Total Entalpi Aliran <38> ke atmosfer

Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.0000 0.06 100.000 0.58 21.413 55.00 2.86
Impuritas 0.0000 0.31 - - 0.3 55.00 21.55
CaO 0.0000 3.23 56.000 57.73 10.843 55.00 143.44
Ash 0.0000 0.34 - - 1.14 55.00 21.26
O2 0.2100 87,215.68 32.000 2,725,490 6.8561 55.00 4,282,249
N2 0.7900 328,097.09 28.000 11,717,753 6.8532 55.00 18,402,890
Total 1.0000 415,316.72 22,685,329
Aliran <39> ke conveyor

T operasi = 30 C0
= 303.15 K 1.1845
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B2.21 Total Entalpi Aliran <39> ke conveyor
B - 132
Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.0148 5.77 100.000 57.73 21.413 55.00 283.26
Impuritas 0.0795 31.04 - - 0.3 55.00 2,133.66
CaO 0.8197 320.03 56.000 5,714.81 10.843 55.00 14,200.81
Ash 0.0860 33.57 - - 1.14 55.00 2,104.92
Total 1.0000 390.41 18,723
Tabel B2.22 Neraca Energi Sistem Cyclone Cooler (H-234)

ΔH Aliran <39> 18,722.654

22,704,051.309 - 22,704,051.309 = 0
Jadi temperatur keluar Cyclone Cooler = 80.00 C

o
= 353.15 K
<39> dari cyclone cooler

B2.5 Conveyor (J-235)
T= 80.00 C T= 80.00 C
= 353.15 K = 353.15 K
<40> dari grate <41> lime
cooler Conveyor slaker
(J-235)
T?
Gambar B2.5 Blok Diagram Sistem Conveyor (J-235)
INPUT
Aliran <40> dari grate cooler
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 1.1845
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B2.23 Total Entalpi Aliran <40> dari Grate Cooler

Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.0148 285.71 100.000 2,857.11 21.413 55.00 14,019.95
B - 133
Impuritas 0.0795 1,536.08 - - 0.3 55.00 105,605.60
CaO 0.8197 15,839.83 56.000 282,854.03 10.843 55.00 702,868.58
Ash 0.0860 1,661.61 - - 1.14 55.00 104,182.69
Total 1.0000 19,323.22 926,677
Aliran <39> dari cooler

T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 1.1845
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B2.24 Total Entalpi Aliran <39> dari Cyclone Cooler

Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.0148 5.77 100.000 57.73 21.413 55.00 283.26
Impuritas 0.0795 31.04 - - 0.3 55.00 2,133.66
CaO 0.8197 320.03 56.000 5,714.81 10.843 55.00 14,200.81
Ash 0.0017 33.57 - - 1.14 55.00 2,104.92
Total 0.9157 390.41 18,723
OUTPUT
Aliran <41> ke Lime Slaker
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 1.1845
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B2.25 Total Entalpi Aliran <41> ke Lime Slaker

Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.0148 291.48 100.000 2,914.84 21.413 55.00 14,303.21
Impuritas 0.0795 1,567.12 - - 0.3 55.00 107,739.26
CaO 0.8197 16,159.85 56.000 288,568.84 10.843 55.00 717,069.40
Ash 0.0860 1,695.18 - - 1.14 55.00 106,287.61
Total 1.0000 19,713.63 945,399

945,399.482 - 945,399.482 = 0
Jadi temperatur keluar Conveyor = 80.00 C
o
= 353.15 K
B2.6 Lime Slaker (R-240)
<42> air proses
B - 134
<42> air proses T = 50.00 °C
= 323.15 K
<43> filtration
<41> conveyor Lime Slaker
(R-240)
T = 80.00 °C T?
= 353.15 K
Gambar B2.6 Blok Diagram Sistem Lime Slaker (R-240)
INPUT
Aliran <41> dari Conveyor
T masuk = 80.00 0C = 353.15 K τ = Tmasuk/To
T operasi = 100 0C = 373.15 K = 1.18
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B2.26 Total Entalpi Aliran <41> dari conveyor

Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.0148 291.48 100.000 2,914.84 21.413 55.00 14,303.21
Impuritas 0.0795 1,567.12 - - 0.3 55.00 107,739.26
CaO 0.8197 16,159.85 56.000 288,568.84 10.843 55.00 717,069.40
Ash 0.0860 1,695.18 - - 1.14 55.00 106,287.61
Total 1.0000 19,713.63 945,399

T masuk = 50.00 0C = 323.15 K τ = Tmasuk/Tref
T operasi = 100 0C = 373.15 K = 1.08
T ref = 25 C
0
= 298.15 K

Fraksi
Massa
H2 O 1.0000 52,467.06 18.000 2,914,837 18.124 25.00 5,502,884
Total 1.0000 52,467.06 5,502,884
OUTPUT
Aliran <43> ke Filtration
T keluar = 145.62 0C = 418.77 K τ = Tkeluar/Tref
T operasi = 100 0C = 373.15 K = 1.40
B - 135
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B2.28 Total Entalpi Aliran <43> ke Filtration

Fraksi
Massa
CaCO3 0.0040 291.48 100.000 2,914.84 22.905 120.62 33,556.06
Impuritas 0.0217 1,567.12 - - 0.3 120.62 236,289.59
CaO 0.0000 0.00 56.000 0.00 11.411 120.62 0.00
Ash 0.0235 1,695.18 - - 1.14 120.62 233,105.88
H2 O 0.6549 47,272.82 18 2,626,268 18.231 120.62 24,064,294
Ca(OH)2 0.2958 21,354.09 74 288,568.84 21.4 120.62 3,103,739
Total <43> 1.0000 72,180.69 27,670,985
ENTHALPHY REAKSI
CaO (s) + H2O (l) Ca(OH)2
Mula-mula 288,568.84 2,914,837
Bereaksi 288,568.84 288,569 288,568.84
Sisa 0.00 2,626,268 288,568.84
Jadi Ca(OH)2 yang dihasilkan = 288.568835 kmol
= 21354.0938 kg
∆H Reaksi I T out = 418.77 K
T in CaO = 353.15
T in H2O= 323.15
∆H produk
∆H reaktan
∆H Rx (T = 298,15 K)
Persamaan Neraca Energi

∆H Reaksi I = ∆H reaktan + ∆H produk + ∆H Rx
∆H reaktan : ∆H CaO = mol x Cp x (T ref - T in)

= 288,568.84 x 10.84 x -55.00
= -717,069.40 kJ
∆H H2O (l) = mol x Cp x (T ref - T in)

= 288,568.84 x 18.12 x -25.00
= -544,785.50 kJ
∆H reaktan = ∆H CaO + ∆H H2O

= -717,069.4 + -544,785.5
B - 136
= -1,261,855 kJ
∆H produk = ∆H Ca(OH)2
= mol x Cp x (T out - T ref)
= 288,568.84 x 21.40 x 120.62
= 3,103,739.33 kJ
∆H Rx
Tabel B2.29 Data Heat of Formation Komponen Reaksi Hydration:
Komponen*∆Hf (kJ/mol) Mol ∆Hf (kJ)
CaO -632.08333 288,568.84 -182,399,551.3
H2O (l) -284.65583 288,568.84 -82,142,802.3
Ca(OH)2 -996.66667 288,568.84 -287,606,939.2
*Sumber : Perry, 8th edition
∆H Rx = ∆Hf produk - ∆Hf reaktan

∆H Rx = ∆Hf Ca(OH)2 - (∆Hf CaO + ∆Hf H2O)
= -287,606,939 - ( -182,399,551 + -82,142,802.29 )
= -23,064,586 kJ
Maka, ∆H Reaksi = ∆H reaktan + ∆H produk + ∆H Rx

= -1,261,855 + 3,103,739 + -23,064,585.59
= -21,222,701 kJ
Tabel B2.30 Neraca Energi Sistem Lime Slaker (R-240)

∆H Aliran <41> MASUK (kJ) KELUAR (kJ)
∆H Aliran <43>
∆H Aliran <42> 945,399.482 27,670,984.515
5,502,883.873
∆H Reaksi 21,222,701.160

27,670,984.515 - 27,670,984.515 = 0
Jadi temperatur keluar dari Lime Slaker = 145.62 oC

= 418.77 K
B.3 NH3 ABSORPTION AND KARBONATION SECTION
B3.1 HEAT EXCHANGER (E-331)
Massa udara ?
<95> udara dari
T= 30 °C blower
B - 137
<95> udara dari
blower
= 303.15 K
<35> gas kiln dari <52> gas
cyclone menuju cooler
Heat Exchanger FGD
T= 950.00 °C (E-331)
= 1,223.15 K T= 200.00 °C
= 473.15 K
<56> udara panas T= 200.00 °C
menuju rotary calciner
= 473.15 K
Gambar B3.1 Blok Diagram Sistem Heat Exchanger (E-331)
INPUT
Aliran <35> gas kiln dari cyclone
T operasi = 30 C 0
= 303.15 K 4.1025
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B3.1 Total Entalpi Aliran <35> Gas Kiln dari Cyclone
Fraksi
Massa
H2 O 0.0514 6,291.04 18.000 349,502.13 9.19 925.00 12,380,467
CO2 0.3018 36,916.79 44.000 839,017.90 13.56 925.00 43,851,623
SO2 0.0005 57.61 64.000 900.13 14.18 925.00 49,203
O2 0.0335 4,092.95 32.000 127,904.57 8.46 925.00 4,170,544
N2 0.6128 74,968.67 28.000 2,677,452 7.72 925.00 79,697,871
CaCO3 0.0000 0.06 100.000 0.58 34.02 925.00 76
Impuritas 0.0000 0.31 - - 0.30 925.00 363
CaO 0.0000 3.23 56.000 57.74 15.85 925.00 3,527
Total 1.0000 122,330.65 140,153,674
Aliran <95> udara dari blower

T operasi = 30 C 0
= 303.15 K 1.0168
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B3.2 Total Entalpi Aliran <95> Udara dari Blower
B - 138
Fraksi
Massa
O2 0.2100 140,788.38 32.000 4,399,637 6.31 5.00 577,981.54
N2 0.7900 529,632.48 28.000 18,915,446 6.80 5.00 2,680,929
Total 1.00 670,420.86 5.00 3,258,911
OUTPUT
Aliran <52> gas ke FGD
T keluar = 200.00 0C = 473.15 K τ = Tmasuk/ Tref
T operasi = 30 C
0
= 303.15 K 1.5870
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B3.3 Total Entalpi Aliran <52> Gas ke FGD

Fraksi
Massa
H2 O 0.0514 6,291.04 18.000 349,502.13 8.21 175.00 2,092,494
CO2 0.3018 36,916.79 44.000 839,017.90 10.76 175.00 6,584,728
SO2 0.0005 57.61 64.000 900.13 10.21 175.00 6,699.76
O2 0.0335 4,092.95 32.000 127,904.57 7.55 175.00 704,481.09
N2 0.6128 74,968.67 28.000 2,677,452 6.97 175.00 13,613,744
CaCO3 0.0000 0.06 100.000 0.58 23.93 175.00 10.18
Impuritas 0.0000 0.31 - - 0.30 175.00 68.59
CaO 0.0000 3.23 56.000 57.74 11.81 175.00 497.10
Total 1.0000 122,330.65 23,002,722
Aliran <56> Gas ke rotary calciner

T keluar = 200.00 0C = 473.15 K τ = Tmasuk/ Tref
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K = 1.5870
T ref = 25 C
0
= 298.15 K
Tabel B3.4 Total Entalpi Aliran <56> ke rotary calciner

Fraksi
Massa
O2 0.2100 140,788.38 32.000 4,399,637 7.55 175.00 24,232,605
N2 0.7900 529,632.48 28.000 18,915,446 6.97 175.00 96,177,258
Total 1.0000 670,420.86 120,409,863
B - 139
Tabel B3.5 Neraca Energi Sistem Heat Exchanger (E-331)
∆H Aliran <35> MASUK (kJ) KELUAR (kJ)
∆H Aliran <52>
∆H Aliran <95> 140,153,674.119 ∆H Aliran <56> 23,002,721.912
3,258,910.997 120,409,863

143,412,585.116 - 143,412,585.116 = 0
Jadi, total udara yang dibutuhkan = 670,420.86 kg
B3.2 FLUE GAS DESULPHURIZATION

<53> Air proses
masuk T= 30 °C
<35> GHP dari = 303.15 K
cyclone
FGD (D-330) <55> GHP masuk
T= 200.00 °C
carbonation
= 473.15 K <54> Air proses T?
keluar
T?
Gambar B3.2 Blok Diagram Sistem Flue Gas Desulphurization
Asumsi : SO2 bereaksi sempurna menjadi SO42-

Sumber : PLTU Paiton

Reaksi 1 : SO2 + H2O H+ + HSO3- B 2.5
Reaksi 2 : HSO3- + 1/2 O2 HSO4- B 2.6
Reaksi 3 : HSO 4
-
SO4 + H
2- +
B 2.7
INPUT
Aliran <52> ∆H gas kiln dari E-331
B - 140
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 1.5870
T ref = 25 C 0
= 298.15 K
Tabel B3.6 Total Entalpi Aliran <52> gas kiln dari E-331
Fraksi
Massa
H2 O 0.0514 6,291.04 18.000 349,502.13 8.21 175.00 2,092,494
CO2 0.3018 36,916.79 44.000 839,017.90 10.76 175.00 6,584,728
SO2 0.0005 57.61 64.000 900.13 10.21 175.00 6,699.76
O2 0.0335 4,092.95 32.000 127,904.57 7.55 175.00 704,481.09
N2 0.6128 74,968.67 28.000 2,677,452 6.97 175.00 13,613,744
CaCO3 0.0000 0.06 100.000 0.58 23.93 175.00 10.18
Impuritas 0.0000 0.31 - - 0.30 175.00 0.07
CaO 0.0000 3.23 56.000 57.74 11.81 175.00 497.10
Total 1.0000 122,330.65 23,002,653
Contoh perhitungan ∆H komponen :
∆H CaCO3 = n x Cp x (T masuk - Tref )

= 0.58 x 23.93 x 175.00
= 10.18 kJ
Aliran <53> ∆H Air Proses

T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K = 1.016770082
T ref = 25 C 0
= 298.15 K
Tabel B3.7 Kebutuhan air proses yang masuk ke FGD

Fraksi
Massa
H2 O 1 16.20 18 900.129313 18.101 5.00 339.442359
OUTPUT
Aliran <55> ∆H gas kiln menuju kolom karbonasi (D-320)
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K = 1.58927064
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
B - 141
Tabel B3.8 Gas kiln menuju kolom karbonasi
Fraksi
Massa
H2 O 0.0515 6,291.04 18.000 349,502.13 8.21 175.69 2,100,948
CO2 0.3020 36,916.79 44.000 839,017.90 10.77 175.69 6,613,456
O2 0.0334 4,078.54 32.000 127,454.51 7.56 175.69 705,018.90
N2 0.6132 74,968.67 28.000 2,677,452 6.97 175.69 13,668,856
CaCO3 0.0000 0.06 100.000 0.58 23.94 175.69 10.22
Impuritas 0.0000 0.31 - - 0.30 175.69 68.86
CaO 0.0000 3.23 56.000 57.74 11.81 175.69 499.26
Total 1.0000 122,258.64 23,088,858
Aliran <54> ∆H Air Proses

T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K = 1.58927064
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B3.9 Kebutuhan air proses yang masuk ke FGD

Fraksi
Massa
H2 O 0.00 0.00 18.00 0.00 18.29 175.69 0.00
H+ 0.02 1.80 1.00 1,800.26 0.00 175.69 0.00
SO42- 0.98 86.41 96.00 900.13 -293 175.69 -193,068.3
Total 1.00 88.21 -193,068.3
ENTALPI REAKSI
Reaksi 1 : SO2 + H2 O H+ + HSO3-
Mula-mula 900.13 900.12931
Reaksi 900.13 900.13 900.13 900.13
0.00 0 900.13 900.13
T in = 473.15 K ∆H Reaksi I T out = 200.7 K
∆H reaktan ∆H Produk
∆H Rx (T = 298,15 K)
Persamaan Neraca Energi pada Reaksi I :
B - 142
∆H reaktan : ∆H SO2 = mol x cp x (T ref - T in)

= 900.13 x 10.21 x -175.0
= -6,699.76 kJ
∆H H2O = mol x cp x (T ref - T in)

= 900.13 x 8.21 x -175.0
= -5,389.14 kJ
∆H reaktan = ∆H CO2 + ∆H NH4OH

= -6,699.76 + -5,389.14
= -12,088.90 kJ
∆H produk = ∆H H+
= mol x cp x (Tout - Tref)
= 900.13 x 0.00 x 175.69
= 0 kJ
∆H produk = ∆H HSO3-
= 900.13 x -53 x 175.69
= -8,381.67 kJ
∆H produk = ∆H H+ + ∆H HSO3-
= 0.00 + -8,381.67
= -8,381.67 kJ
Tabel B3.10 Data Heat of formation komponen pada

Komponen *Hf (kJ/mol) Mol Hf (kJ)
SO2 -296.83 900.13 -267,185
H2O -285.83 900.13 -257,284
H+ 0.00 900.13 0
HSO3- -623.68 900.13 -561,393
∆H Rx = ƩHf produk - ƩHf reaktan

∆H Rx = (Hf H+ + Hf HSO3-) - (Hf SO2 + Hf H2O)
B - 143
= -561,392.6 - -524,469
= -36,923.30 kJ
Maka, ∆H Reaksi I = ∆H reaktan + ∆H produk + ∆H Rx

= -12,088.90 + -8,381.67 + -36,923.30
= -57,393.87 kJ
Reaksi 2: HSO3- + 1/2 O2 HSO4-

Mula-mula 900.13 127,904.6
Reaksi 900.13 450.06 900.13
0.00 127,454.5 900.13
T in = 473.15 K ∆H Reaksi 2 T out = 200.69 K
∆H Rx (T = 298,15 K)
Persamaan Neraca Energi pada Reaksi 2 :
∆H Reaksi 2 = ∆H reaktan + ∆H produk + ∆H Rx
∆H reaktan : ∆H HSO3 =
-
mol x cp x (T ref - T in)
= 900.13 x -53.00 x -175.00
= 8,348.70 kJ
∆H 1/2O2 = mol x cp x (T ref - T in)

= 450.06 x 7.55 x -175.00
= -2,478.90 kJ
∆H reaktan = ∆H HSO3- + ∆H 1/2O2

= 8,348.70 + -2,478.90
= 5,869.80 kJ
∆H produk = ∆H HSO4-
= 900.13 x -84.00 x 175.69
= -13,284.15 kJ

B - 144
HSO3- -623.68 900.13 -561,392.65
O2 0.00 450.06 0.00
HSO4 -
-887.34 900.13 -798,720.74

∆H Rx = (Hf HSO4-) - (Hf HSO3- + Hf O2)
= -798,720.7 - -561,393
= -237,328.1 kJ
Maka, ∆H Reaksi 2 = ∆H reaktan + ∆H produk + ∆H Rx

= 5,869.80 + -13,284.2 + -237,328.09
= -244,742.4 kJ
Reaksi 3 : HSO4- SO42- + H+

Mula-mula 900.13 -
Reaksi 900.13 900.13 900.13
0.00 900.13 900.13
∆H Rx (T = 298,15 K)

∆H reaktan : ∆H HSO4 =
-
mol x cp x (T ref - T in)
= 900.13 x -84.00 x -175.0
= 13,231.90 kJ
∆H produk : ∆H H+ = mol x cp x (Tout - Tref)

= 900.13 x 0 x 175.69
= 0 kJ
B - 145
∆H SO42- = mol x cp x (Tout - Tref)
= 900.13 x -293.00 x 175.69
= -46,336.38 kJ
∆H produk = ∆H H+ + ∆H SO42-
= 0.00 + -46,336.4
= -46,336.38 kJ

HSO4 -
-296.83 900.13 -267,185.38
SO4 2-
-285.83 900.13 -257,283.96
H+ 0 900.13 0.00

∆H Rx = (Hf SO42- + Hf H+) - ( Hf HSO4- )
= -257,284.0 - -267,185
= 9,901.42 kJ

= 13,231.90 + -46,336.4 + 9,901.42
= -23,203.06 kJ
Tabel B3.13 Neraca Energi FGD (DD-330)

Arus ΔH (kJ) Arus ΔH (kJ)
∆H Aliran <52> 23,002,653.392 ∆H Aliran <55> 23,088,857.817
∆H Aliran <53> 339.442 ∆H Aliran <54> 193068.267931711
∆H Reaksi 1 57,393.870 ∆H Reaksi 3 23,203.1
∆H Reaksi 2 244,742.442
Total 23,305,129.146 Total 23,305,129.146

23,305,129.146 - 23,305,129.146 = 0.000
Jadi temperatur keluar FGD ke kolom karbonasi = 200.69 oC

= 473.84 K
B3.3 HEATER (E-311)
B - 146
Massa Steam ?
T= 200.00 °C <> Steam
= 473.15 K
<> dari Clarifier
<> ke kolom
(brine section)
HEATER NH3 absorbsi
T= 34.94 °C (E-311)
= 308.09 K T= 60 °C
= 333.15 K
<> kondensat T= 200 °C
= 473.15 K
Gambar B3.3 Blok Diagram Sistem Heater (E-311)

INPUT
Aliran <> dari Clarifier
T operasi = 30 C
0
= 303.15 K 1.0333
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B3.14 Total Entalpi Aliran <> dari Clarifier (brine section)
Fraksi
Massa
NaCl 0.2349 33,016.68 58.440 564,967.13 15.90 9.94 372,059.52
H2O 0.7624 107,183.90 18.000 5,954,661.22 18.11 9.94 4,465,668.17
Mg(OH)2 0.0006 83.76 58.000 1,444.15 18.20 9.94 1,088.62
CaCl2 0.0009 128.19 111.000 1,154.87 18.09 9.94 865.26
Na2SO4 0.0006 86.72 142.000 610.71 32.80 9.94 829.66
CaCO3 0.0004 61.07 100.000 610.71 20.10 9.94 508.48
Impurities 0.0002 24.87 - - 0.30 9.94 308.97
P.A.M 0.0000 0.14 71.000 1.96 96.00 9.94 1.87
Total 1.0000 140,585.33 4,841,331
Aliran <> dari Steam masuk

B - 147
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 1.5870
T ref = 25 C
0
= 298.15 K
OUTPUT
Aliran <> ke kolom NH3 Absorbsi
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 1.1174
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B3.15 Total Entalpi Aliran <> Gas ke kolom NH3 Absorbsi
Fraksi
Massa
NaCl 0.2349 33,016.68 58.440 564,967.13 15.90 35.00 1,310,018
H2O 0.7624 107,183.90 18.000 5,954,661 18.14 35.00 15,748,260
Mg(OH)2 0.0006 83.76 58.000 1,444.15 18.20 35.00 3,833.02
CaCl2 0.0009 128.19 111.000 1,154.87 18.19 35.00 3,062.86
Na2SO4 0.0006 86.72 142.000 610.71 32.80 35.00 2,921.21
CaCO3 0.0004 61.07 100.000 610.71 20.87 35.00 1,858.68
Impurities 0.0002 24.87 - 0.30 35.00 1,087.87
P.A.M 0.0000 0.14 71.000 1.96 96.00 35.00 6.59
Total 1.0000 140,585.33 17,071,048
Perhitungan massa steam yang dibutuhkan :

Persamaan energi overall :
∆H masuk + Q steam = ∆H keluar
4,841,330.6 + Q steam = 17,071,047.98
Q steam = 12,229,717.43 kJ
Q steam = m x Hv
Dimana : Hv steam pada T = 200 °C adalah 2.790,9 kJ/kg
Sehingga perhitungan menjadi :
Q steam = m x Hv
12,229,717 kJ = m x 2,790.90 kJ/kg
m = 4,382.00 kg
Tabel B3.16 Neraca Energi Sistem Heater (E-311)

∆H Aliran <> 4,841,330.554 ∆H Aliran <> 17,071,047.980
Q steam 12,229,717.427 0
Total 17,071,047.980 Total 17,071,047.980
B - 148
17,071,047.980 - 17,071,047.980 = 0
Total steam yang dibutuhkan = 4,382.00 kg
B3.4 Cooler (E-313)
Massa air proses ?

<> Water process
T= 30 °C masuk
= 303.15 K
<> gas dari prelimer <> gas menuju
Cooler kolom absorber
T= 77.58 °C (E-313)
= 350.73 K T= 60 °C
= 333.15 K
<> Water T= 49 °C
process keluar
= 322.15 K
Gambar B3.4 Blok Diagram Sistem Heater (E-313)
INPUT
Aliran <> gas dari prelimer
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 1.1764
T ref = 25 C 0
= 298.15 K
Tabel B3.17 Total Entalpi Aliran <> Gas dari Prelimer

Fraksi
Massa
NH3 0.1043 7,969.84 17.000 468,814.26 8.91 52.58 915,114
CO2 0.0138 1,054.44 44.000 23,964.54 9.71 52.58 50,989.61
H2 O 0.8819 67,377.72 18.000 3,743,206 8.09 52.58 6,637,357
Total 1.0000 76,402.00 7,603,460
OUTPUT
Aliran <> gas menuju kolom absorber
T operasi = 30 C 0
= 303.15 K 1.1174
B - 149
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B3.16 Total Entalpi Aliran <> Gas menuju kolom absorber
Fraksi
Massa
NH3 0.1043 7,969.84 17.000 468,814.26 8.80 35.00 601,566.00
CO2 0.0138 1,054.44 44.000 23,964.54 9.49 35.00 33,170.80
H2 O 0.8819 67,377.72 18.000 3,743,206 8.08 35.00 4,410,871
Total 1.0000 76,402.00 5,045,608
Perhitungan steam yang dibutuhkan :

∆H masuk = ∆H water process + ∆H keluar
7,603,460.5 = ∆H water process + 5,045,607.71
∆H water process = 2,557,852.77 kJ
∆H water process = m x cp x dT
dimana : Cp H O
2 (l)
pada T 30 oC = 75.421 (kJ/kmol.K)
= 4.19 (kJ/kg.K)
2,557,852.8 = m x 4.19 x 19.00
Massa air = 32,156.23 kg
Tabel B3.18 Neraca Energi Sistem Heater (E-313)

∆H Aliran <> 7,603,460.474 ∆H Aliran <> 5,045,607.707
∆H Aliran <> 2,557,852.77
Total 7,603,460.474 Total 7,603,460.474

7,603,460.474 - 7,603,460.474 = 0
Total udara yang dibutuhkan = 32,156.23 kg
B3.5 KOLOM NH3 ABSORPSI (D-310)
<15> dari heater E-311

T= 60.00 °C <50> Header absorber gas
= 333.15 K T?
Ammonia Absorber
(D-310)
B - 150
Ammonia Absorber
(D-310)
<61> Gas Masuk Absorpsi

<49> Menuju Kolom Karbonasi
T = 60.00 °C
T? = 333.15 K
Gambar B3.5 Blok Diagram Sistem Amonia Absorber (D-310)
Asumsi : NH3 terabsorb sempurna oleh H2O

Konversi CO2 = 90%
Reaksi 1 : CO2 + NH4OH NH4HCO3
Reaksi 2 : NH4HCO3 + NaCl NaHCO3 + NH4Cl
INPUT ∆H <15> dari Heater (E-311)

T operasi = 30 C 0
= 303.15 K 1.1174
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B3.19 Total Entalpi Aliran <15> dari Heater (E-311)

Fraksi
Massa
NaCl 0.2349 33,016.68 58.440 564,967.13 15.90 35.00 1,310,018
H2 O 0.7624 107,183.90 18.000 5,954,661 18.14 35.00 15,748,260
Mg(OH)2 0.0006 83.76 58.000 1,444.15 18.20 35.00 3,833.02
CaCl2 0.0009 128.19 111.000 1,154.87 18.19 35.00 3,062.86
Na2SO4 0.0006 86.72 142.000 610.71 32.80 35.00 2,921.21
CaCO3 0.0004 61.07 100.000 610.71 20.87 35.00 1,858.68
B - 151
Impuritas 0.0002 24.87 0.30 35.00 1,087.87
P.A.M 0.0000 0.14 71.000 1.96 96.00 35.00 6.59
Total 1.0000 140,585.33 17,071,048
∆H CaCO3 = n x Cp x (T masuk - Tref )

= 610.71 x 20.87 x 35.00
= 1,858.68 kJ
Aliran <61> Gas masuk absorber

T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 1.1174
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B3.20 Total Entalpi Aliran <61> dari Heater (E-313)

Fraksi
Massa
NH3 0.3209 32,339.10 17.000 1,902,300 8.80 35.00 2,440,965
CO2 0.0105 1,054.44 44.000 23,964.55 9.49 35.00 33,170.80
H2 O 0.6686 67,377.72 18.000 3,743,206 8.08 35.00 4,410,871
Total 1.0000 100,771.26 6,885,007
OUTPUT
∆H <49> Menuju Kolom Karbonasi
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 1.1078
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B3.21 Total Entalpi Aliran <49> menuju kolom karbonasi

Fraksi
Massa
NaCl 0.1322 31,882.28 58.440 545,555.85 15.90 32.13 1,161,244
H2O 0.5816 140,320.21 18.000 7,795,567 18.13 32.13 18,922,384
Mg(OH)2 0.0003 83.76 58.000 1,444.15 18.20 32.13 3,518.61
CaCl2 0.0005 128.19 111.000 1,154.87 18.17 32.13 2,809.91
Na2SO4 0.0004 86.72 142.000 610.71 32.80 32.13 2,681.59
B - 152
CaCO3 0.0003 61.07 100.000 610.71 20.79 32.13 1,699.48
Impuritis 0.0000 0.00 0.30 32.13 0.00
CaO 0.0001 24.87 106 234.58 10.608 32.13 333.14
NaHCO3 0.0068 1,630.58 84 19,411.63 21.61 32.13 56,158.25
NH4Cl 0.0043 1,038.31 53.49 19,411.28 21.948 32.13 57,033.85
NH4HCO3 0.0007 170.39 79.06 2,155.17 53.948 32.13 15,564.84
NH4OH 0.2729 65,825.63 35 1,880,732 19.1 32.13 4,808,920
P.A.M 0.0000 0.14 71 1.96 96 32.13 6.05
Total 1.0000 241,252.00 25,032,354
∆H NaCl = n x Cp x (T masuk - Tref )

= 545,555.85 x 20.79 x 32.13
= 1,518,175.7 kJ
Aliran <50> Header Absorber Gas

T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 1.1174
T ref = 25 C
0
= 298.15 K
Tabel B3.22 Total Entalpi Aliran <50> menuju header absorber gas
Fraksi
Massa
CO2 1.0000 105.44 44.000 2,396.45 8.80 35.00 3,075.05
ENTALPI REAKSI
Asumsi konversi = 90%
Reaksi 1 : CO2 + NH4OH NH4HCO3
Mula-mula 23,964.55 1,902,300 mol
Reaksi 21,568.09 21,568.09 21,568.09 mol
2,396.45 1,880,732 21,568.09 mol
Tabel B3.23 Komposisi yang tersisa di kolom absorpsi reaksi 1

No Komponen Mol BM Massa (kg)
1 NH4OH 1,880,732 35 65,825.63
2 CO2 2,396.45 44 105.44
B - 153
∆H Rx (T = 298,15 K)

∆H reaktan : ∆H CO2 = mol x cp x (T ref - T in)

= 21,568.09 x 9.49 x -35.00
= -29,853.72 kJ
∆H NH4OH = mol x cp x (T ref - T in)

= 21,568.09 x 19.10 x -35.00
= -60,076.12 kJ

= -29,853.72 + -60,076.1
= -89,929.8 kJ
∆H produk = ∆H NH4HCO3
= 21,568.09 x 53.95 x 32.13
= 155,766.60 kJ

CO2 -393.5 21,568.09 -8,487,043.77
NH4OH -364.96 21,568.09 -7,871,490.46
NH4HCO3 -581 21,568.09 -12,531,060.82

∆H Rx = Hf NH4HCO3 - (Hf CO2 + Hf NH4OH)
= -12,531,061 - -16,358,534
= 3,827,473 kJ
= -89,929.8 + 155,766.6 + 3,827,473.41
= 3,893,310.2 kJ
B - 154
Reaksi 2: NH4HCO3 + NaCl NaHCO3 + NH4Cl
Mula-mula 21,568.09 564,967.1
Reaksi 19,411.28 19,411.28 19,411.28 19,411.28
0 545,555.8 19,411.28 19,411.28
∆H Rx (T = 298,15 K)

∆H reaktan :
∆H NH4HCO3 = mol x cp x (T ref - T in)
= 19,411.28 x 53.95 x -35.00
= -152,716.66 kJ
∆H NaCl = mol x cp x (T ref - T in)

= 19,411.28 x 15.90 x -35.00
= -45,009.91 kJ

= -152,716.7 + -45,009.9
= -197,726.6 kJ
∆H produk =
∆H NaHCO3 = mol x cp x (Tout - Tref)
= 19,411.28 x 21.61 x 32.13
= 56,157.25 kJ
∆H NH4Cl = mol x cp x (Tout - Tref)

= 19,411.28 x 21.95 x 32.13
= 57,033.85 kJ
∆H produk = ∆H NaHCO3 + ∆H NH4Cl

= 56,157.25 + 57,033.85
= 113,191.10 kJ
B - 155
NH4HCO3 -581 19,411.28 -11,277,954.74
NaCl -405.52 19,411.28 -7,871,663.00
NaHCO3 -941.67 19,411.28 -18,279,021.75
NH4Cl -296.67 19,411.28 -5,758,744.98

∆H Rx = (Hf NaHCO3 + Hf NH4Cl) - (Hf NH4HCO3 + Hf NaCl)
= -24,037,767 - -19,149,618
= -4,888,149 kJ

= -197,726.6 + 113,191.1 + -4,888,148.99
= -4,972,684 kJ
Tabel B3.26 Neraca Energi Kolom Amonia Absorber

Aliran <15> 17,071,047.980 Aliran <49> 25,032,353.822
Aliran <61> 6,885,006.599 Aliran <50> 3,075.05
∆H Reaksi 2 4,972,684.455 ∆H Reaksi 1 3,893,310.2
Total 28,928,739.035 Total 28,928,739.035

28,928,739.035 - 28,928,739.035 = 0.000
Jadi temperatur keluar dari kolom aminia absorber menuju kolom karbonasi 57.13 oC
= 330.28 K
B3.7 COOLER (E-322)
<> water process

B - 156
Massa air pendingin ?
<> water process
T= 30 °C
= 303.15 K
<> gas dari FGD <> gas menuju
kolom karbonasi
T= 200.69 °C
Cooler
(E-322)
= 473.84 K T= 60 °C
= 333.15 K
T= 49 °C
hot water
= 322.15 K
Gambar B3.6 Blok Diagram Sistem Cooler (E-322)
INPUT
Aliran <> gas dari FGD
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 1.5893
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B3.27 Total Entalpi Aliran <> Gas dari FGD
Fraksi
Massa
H2 O 0.0515 6,291.04 18.000 349,502.13 8.21 175.69 2,100,948
CO2 0.3020 36,916.79 44.000 839,017.90 10.77 175.69 6,613,456
O2 0.0334 4,078.54 32.000 127,454.51 7.56 175.69 705,018.90
N2 0.6132 74,968.67 28.000 2,677,452 6.97 175.69 13,668,856
CaCO3 0.0000 0.06 100.000 0.58 23.94 175.69 10.22
Impuritas 0.0000 0.31 - - 0.30 175.69 68.86
CaO 0.0000 3.23 56.000 57.74 11.81 175.69 499.26
Total 1.0000 122,258.64 23,088,858
OUTPUT
Aliran <> gas ke kolom Karbonasi
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 1.1174
T ref = 25 C 0
= 298.15 K
Tabel B3.28 Total Entalpi Aliran <> Gas ke kolom karbonasi
B - 157
Fraksi
Massa
H2O 0.0515 6,291.04 18.000 349,502.13 8.08 35.00 411,841.78
CO2 0.3020 36,916.79 44.000 839,017.90 9.04 35.00 1,106,511
O2 0.0334 4,078.54 32.000 127,454.51 6.66 35.00 123,879.28
N2 0.6132 74,968.67 28.000 2,677,452 6.83 35.00 2,668,084
CaCO3 0.0000 0.06 100.000 0.58 20.87 35.00 1.77
Impuritas 0.0000 0.31 - - 0.30 35.00 13.72
CaO 0.0000 3.23 56.000 57.74 10.64 35.00 89.58
Total 1.0000 122,258.64 4,310,421
Perhitungan massa air yang dibutuhkan :

∆H masuk = ∆H keluar
∆H <> = ∆H <> + ∆H water process
23,088,858 = ∆H water process + 4,310,421.37
∆H water process = 18,778,436.45 kJ
dimana : Cp H O
2 (l)
pada T 30 oC = 75.421 (kJ/kmol.K)
= 4.19 (kJ/kg.K)
18,778,436 = m x 4.19 x 19
Massa air = 236,074.44 kg
Tabel B3.29 Neraca Energi Sistem Cooler (E-322)

∆H Aliran <> 23,088,857.817 ∆H Aliran <> 4,310,421.366
∆H Aliran <> -18,778,436.451 0
Total 4,310,421.366 Total 4,310,421.366

4,310,421.366 - 4,310,421.366 = 0
Total massa air yang dibutuhkan = 236,074.44 kg
B - 158
B3.8. CARBONATION COLUMN (D-320)
<49> ammonia absorber <57> header carbonation gas
T = 57.13 °C Carbonation Column T?

330.279094 K (D-320)
<58> rotary drum filter <55> gas dari FGD

T? T = 60 °C
= 333.15 K
Gambar A3.7 Blok Diagram Sistem Carbonation Column (D-320)
Fungsi : Menkontakkan CO2 dan NH4OH serta NaCl untuk membentuk

NaHCO3 dan NH4Cl
Asumsi : Konversi CO2 = 90%
Konversi NaCl = 90%

Reaksi 1 : NH4OH + CO2 NH4HCO3
Reaksi 2 : NaCl + NH4HCO3 NaHCO3 + NH4Cl
INPUT
ΔH <49> dari kolom NH3 absorpsi (D-310)
T operasi = 30 C
0
= 303.15 K 1.1078
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
B - 159
Tabel B3.30 Total Entalpi Aliran <49> dari kolom NH3 absrobsi
Fraksi
Massa
NaCl 0.1322 31,882.28 58.440 545,555.85 15.90 32.13 1,161,244
H2O 0.5816 140,320.21 18.000 7,795,567 18.13 32.13 18,922,384
Mg(OH)2 0.0003 83.76 58.000 1,444.15 18.20 32.13 3,518.61
CaCl2 0.0005 128.19 111.000 1,154.87 18.17 32.13 2,809.91
Na2SO4 0.0004 86.72 142.000 610.71 32.80 32.13 2,681.59
CaCO3 0.0003 61.07 100.000 610.71 20.79 32.13 1,699.48
Impuritis 0.0000 0.00 0.30 32.13 0.00
CaO 0.0001 24.87 106 234.58 10.608 32.13 333.14
NaHCO3 0.0068 1,630.58 84 19,411.63 21.61 32.13 56,158.25
NH4Cl 0.0043 1,038.31 53.49 19,411.28 21.948 32.13 57,033.85
NH4HCO3 0.0007 170.39 79.06 2,155.17 53.948 32.13 15,564.84
NH4OH 0.2729 65,825.63 35 1,880,732 19.1 32.13 4,808,920
P.A.M 0.0000 0.14 71 1.96 96 32.13 6.05
Total 1.0000 241,252.14 25,032,354
ΔH <55> Gas dari FGD

T operasi = 30 C 0
= 303.15 K = 1.11739058
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B3.31 Total Entalpi Aliran <55> dari FGD

Fraksi
Massa
H2O 0.0515 6,291.04 18.000 349,502.13 8.08 35.00 411,841.78
CO2 0.3020 36,916.79 44.000 839,017.90 9.49 35.00 1,161,336
O2 0.0334 4,078.54 32.000 127,454.51 6.66 35.00 123,879.28
N2 0.6132 74,968.67 28.000 2,677,452 6.83 35.00 2,668,084
CaCO3 0.0000 0.06 100.000 0.58 20.87 35.00 1.77
Impuritas 0.0000 0.31 - - 0.30 35.00 13.72
CaO 0.0000 3.23 56.000 57.74 10.64 35.00 89.58
Total 1.0000 122,258.64 4,365,247
OUTPUT
ΔH <57> Header Carbonation gas
T keluar = 86.13 0C = 359.28 K τ = T keluar/Tref
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K = 1.205032394
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
B - 160
Tabel B3.32 Total Entalpi Aliran <57> header carbonation gas
Fraksi
Massa
CO2 0.0415 3,691.68 44.000 83,901.79 9.81 61.13 209,643.55
O2 0.0458 4,078.54 32.000 127,454.51 6.91 61.13 224,279.89
N2 0.8421 74,968.67 28.000 2,677,452 6.86 61.13 4,677,851
H2O 0.0707 6,291.04 18.000 349,502.13 8.10 61.13 721,107.25
Total <57> 1.0000 89,029.93 5,832,882
ΔH <58> Rotary drum filter

T keluar = 86.13 0C = 359.28 K τ = T keluar/Tref
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 1.2050
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B3.33 Total Entalpi Aliran <58> rotary drum filter

Fraksi
Massa
NaCl 0.0117 3,191.50 58.440 54,611.60 15.90 61.13 221,170.93
H2O 0.5139 140,320.21 18.000 7,795,567 18.16 61.13 36,067,672
Mg(OH)2 0.0003 83.76 58.000 1,444.15 18.20 61.13 6,694.69
CaCl2 0.0005 128.19 111.000 1,154.87 18.29 61.13 5,379.20
Na2SO4 0.0003 86.72 142.000 610.71 32.80 61.13 5,102.13
CaCO3 0.0002 61.38 100.000 613.84 21.57 61.13 3,372.33
Impuritas 0.0000 3.23 0.30 61.13 247.06
CaO 0.0001 28.10 56 501.76 10.902 61.13 1,393.35
NH4OH 0.1443 39,396.56 35 1,125,616 19.1 61.13 5,476,079
NaHCO3 0.1549 42,283.07 84 503,369.86 22.136 61.13 2,838,076
NH4Cl 0.0968 26,438.90 53.49 494,277.47 22.414 61.13 2,821,839
NH4HCO3 0.0770 21,035.54 79.06 266,070.58 53.948 61.13 3,656,102
P.A.M 0.0000 0.14 71 1.96 96 61.13 11.51
Total <58> 1.0000 273,057.31 51,103,140
ENTHALPHY REAKSI
Reaksi 1 : NH4OH + CO2 NH4HCO3
mula-mula 1,880,732.2 839,017.90 mol
bereaksi 755116.113 755116.1134 755116.113 mol
sisa 1,125,616.1 83,901.79 755116.113 mol
B - 161
∆H Rx (T = 298,15 K)

∆H reaktan : ∆H CO2 = mol x cp x (T ref - T in)

= 755,116.11 x 9.49 x -32.13
= -959,469.05 kJ
∆H NH4OH = mol x cp x (T ref - T in)

= 755,116.11 x 19.10 x -32.13
= -1,930,787 kJ

= -959,469.0 + -1,930,787
= -2,890,256 kJ
∆H produk = ∆H NH4HCO3
= 755,116.11 x 53.95 x -212.02
= -35,987,683 kJ

CO2 -393.5 755,116.11 -297,138,190.6
NH4OH -364.96 755,116.11 -275,587,176.8
NH4HCO3 -581 755,116.11 -438,722,461.9

∆H Rx = Hf NH4HCO3 - (Hf CO2 + Hf NH4OH)
= -438,722,462 - -572,725,367
B - 162
= 134,002,905 kJ

= -2,890,256 + -35,987,683 + 134,002,905.5
= 95,124,967 kJ

Reaksi 2: NH4HCO3 + NaCl NaHCO3 + NH4CL
Mula-mula 755,116.11 545,555.8
Reaksi 491,000.26 491,000.3 491,000.26 491,000.26
264,115.85 54,555.58 491,000.26 491,000.26
∆H Rx (T = 298,15 K)

∆H reaktan :
= 491,000.26 x 53.95 x -32.13
= -3,546,046 kJ
∆H NaCl = mol x cp x (T ref - T in)

= 491,000.26 x 15.90 x -32.13
= -1,045,120 kJ

= -3,546,046 + -1,045,120
= -4,591,166 kJ
∆H produk
∆H NaHCO3 = mol x cp x (Tout - Tref)
= 491,000.26 x 22.14 x 61.1
= 2,768,334 kJ
∆H NH4Cl = mol x cp x (Tout - Tref)

= 491,000.26 x 22.41 x 61.1
= 2,803,130 kJ
B - 163
∆H produk = ∆H NaHCO3 + ∆H NH4Cl
= 2,768,334 + 2,803,130
= 5,571,464 kJ

NH4HCO3 -581 491,000.26 -285,271,151.7
NaCl -405.52 491,000.26 -199,110,425.9
NaHCO3 -941.67 491,000.26 -462,360,215.9
NH4Cl -296.67 491,000.26 -145,665,047.5

∆H Rx = (Hf NaHCO3 + Hf NH4Cl) - (Hf NH4HCO3 + Hf NaCl)
= -608,025,263 - -484,381,577.6
= -123,643,686 kJ

= -4,591,166 + 5,571,464 + -123,643,685.8
= -122,663,387 kJ
Tabel B3.36 Neraca Energi Kolom Karbonasi

Aliran <49> 25,032,353.822 Aliran <57> 5,832,881.566
Aliran <55> 4,365,246.629 Aliran <58> 51,103,139.67
∆H Reaksi 2 122,663,387.382 ∆H Reaksi 1 95,124,966.6
Total 152,060,987.833 Total 152,060,987.833

152,060,987.833 - 152,060,987.833 = 0.000
adi temperatur keluar dari kolom karbonasi menuju ke rotary drum filter = = 86.13 oC
= 359.28 K
B - 164
B4. AMMONIA RECOVERY SECTION
B4.1. Pre Limer (R-410)
<61> ammonia absorber T ?
<46> lime milk <60> rotary drum filter

Pre-Limer
(R-410)
T = 86.13 °C
T = 145.62 °C = 359.280408 K
= 418.77 K <64> limbah
T ?
Gambar B4.1 Blok Diagram Sistem Pre-limer (R-410)
Asumsi : Terjadi reaksi

Konversi NH4Cl = 90%
Reaksi Dekomposisi
NH4HCO3 NH3 + CO2 + H2O A4.1
INPUT
∆H <46> dari Lime Milk
T operasi = 30 C
0
= 303.15 K 1.4046
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B4.1 Total Entalpi Aliran <46> dari Lime Milk

Fraksi
Massa
Ca(OH)2 0.31116208 20,285.42 74.000 274,127.31 21.40 120.62 2,948,412
H2 O 0.68883792 44,907.04 18.000 2,494,835 18.23 120.62 22,859,988
Total <46> 1 65,192.46 25,808,399
B - 165
∆H Ca(OH)2= n x Cp x (T in - Tref )
= 274,127.31 x 21.40 x 120.62
= 2,948,411.6 kJ
Aliran <60> Rotary drum filter

T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 1.2050
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B4.2 Total Entalpi Aliran <60> dari rotary drum filter
Fraksi
Massa
NaCl 0.04 3,191.50 58.44 54,611.60 15.90 61.13 221,170.93
H2 O 0.16 14,032.02 18.00 779,556.74 18.16 61.13 3,606,767
Mg(OH)2 0.00 83.76 58.00 1,444.15 18.20 61.13 6,694.69
CaCl2 0.00 128.19 111.00 1,154.87 18.29 61.13 5,379.20
Na2SO4 0.00 86.72 142.00 610.71 32.80 61.13 5,102.13
CaCO3 0.00 61.38 100.00 613.84 21.57 61.13 3,372.33
Impuritas 0.00 0.00 0.30 61.13 0.00
CaO 0.00 28.10 56.00 501.76 10.90 61.13 1,393.35
NH4OH 0.44 39,396.56 35.00 1,125,616 19.10 61.13 5,476,079
NaHCO3 0.05 4,228.31 84.00 50,336.99 22.14 61.13 283,807.61
NH4Cl 0.29 26,438.90 53.49 494,277.47 22.41 61.13 2,821,839
NH4HCO3 0.02 2,103.55 79.06 26,607.06 53.90 61.13 365,284.87
P.A.M 0.00 0.14 71.00 1.96 96.00 61.13 11.51
Total <60> 1.00 89,779.14 12,796,902
OUTPUT
∆H <61> menuju kolom absorber
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 1.1764
T ref = 25 C 0
= 298.15 K
Tabel B4.3 Total Entalpi Aliran <61> menuju kolom absorber

Fraksi
Massa
B - 166
NH3 0.10 7,969.84 17.00 468,814.26 8.91 52.58 915,114
CO2 0.01 1,054.44 44.00 23,964.54 9.71 52.58 50,989.61
H2 O 0.88 67,377.72 18.00 3,743,206 8.09 52.58 6,637,357
Total <61> 1.00 76,402.00 7,603,460

∆H NH3 = n x Cp x (T in - Tref )
= 468,814.26 x 8.91 x 52.58
= 915,114.3 kJ
Aliran <64> ke Limbah

T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K 1.1764
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B4.4 Total Entalpi Aliran <64> ke limbah

Komponen Fraksi Massa Massa (kg) BM Mol Cp ∆T ΔH (kJ)
NaCl 0.0406 3,191.50 58.44 54,611.60 15.90 52.58 190,238.36
Ca(OH)2 0.0487 3,825.98 74.00 51,702.45 21.40 52.58 242,404.66
NaHCO3 0.0538 4,228.31 84.00 50,336.99 21.98 52.58 242,407.64
NH4Cl 0.0336 2,643.94 53.49 49,428.67 22.28 52.58 241,235.10
NH4HCO3 0.0027 210.36 79.00 2,662.73 53.95 52.58 31,471.55
NH4OH 0.5014 39,396.56 35.00 1,125,616 19.10 52.58 4,710,204
CaCO3 0.0008 61.38 100.00 613.84 21.35 52.58 2,871.19
Impuritas 0.0000 0.00 0.30 52.58 0.00
CaO 0.0004 28.10 56.00 501.76 10.82 52.58 1,189.39
Mg(OH)2 0.0011 83.76 58.00 1,444.15 18.20 52.58 5,758.38
CaCl2 0.3158 24,817.35 111.00 223,579.73 18.25 52.58 894,133
Na2SO4 0.0011 86.72 142.00 610.71 32.80 52.58 4,388.56
P.A.M 0.0000 0.14 71.00 1.96 96.00 52.58 9.90
Total <64> 1.0000 78,574.10 6,566,312
ENTALPI REAKSI
NH4HCO3 NH3 + CO2 + H2O
Mula-mula 26,607.06 mol
Reaksi 23,946.35 23,946.35 23,946.35 23,946.35 mol
2,660.71 23,946.35 23,946.35 23,946.35 mol
B - 167
∆H Rx (T = 298,15 K)

∆H reaktan :
= 23,946.35 x 53.90 x -61.13
= -328,756.38 kJ
∆H NH3 = mol x cp x (Tout - Tref)
= 23,946.35 x 8.91 x -221
= -196,079.1 kJ
∆H CO2 = mol x cp x (Tout - Tref)

= 23,946.35 x 9.71 x -220.57
= -213,732.0 kJ
∆H H2O = mol x cp x (Tout - Tref)

= 23,946.35 x 8.09 x -220.57
= -178,118.2 kJ
∆H produk = ∆H NH3 + ∆H CO2 + ∆H H2O

= -196,079.1 + -213,732 + -178118.18
= -587,929.3 kJ

NH4HCO3 -581.003 23,946.35 -13,912,902.60
NH3 (g) -45.667 23,946.35 -1,093,558.08
CO2 (g) -391.883 23,946.35 -9,384,168.43
H2O (g) -240.825 23,946.35 -5,766,880.32

∆H Rx = (∆Hf NH3 + ∆Hf CO2 + ∆Hf H2O) - (∆Hf NH4HCO3)
= -16,244,607 - -13,912,903
= -2,331,704 kJ
B - 168
= -328756.38 + -587,929 + -2331704.2279
= -3,248,389.88 kJ

mula-mula 494,277.47 274,127.31
bereaksi 444,849.72 222424.8617 444,849.72 444,849.72 222,424.86
sisa 49,427.75 51,702.45 444,849.72 444,849.72 222,424.86
T in NH4Cl 359.28 0C
T in Ca(OH)2 418.77 K ∆H Reaksi 2 T out = 350.7 K
∆H Rx (T = 298,15 K)

∆H reaktan : ∆H NH4Cl = mol x cp x (T ref - T in)

= 444,849.72 x 22.41 x -61.13
= -2,539,655 kJ
∆H Ca(OH)2 mol x cp x (T ref - T in)

= 222,424.86 x 21.40 x -120.6
= -2,392,319 kJ
∆H reaktan = ∆H NH4Cl + ∆H Ca(OH)2

= -2,539,655 + -2,392,319
= -4,931,975 kJ
∆H produk
∆H NH3 = mol x cp x (Tout - Tref)
= 444,849.72 x 8.91 x 52.58
= 868,336.0 kJ
∆H H2O = mol x cp x (Tout - Tref)
B - 169
= 444,849.72 x 8.09 x 52.58
= 788,796.00 kJ
∆H CaCl2 = mol x cp x (Tout - Tref)

= 222,424.86 x 18.25 x 52.58
= 889,514.9 kJ
∆H produk = H NH3 + H H2O + H CaCl2

= 868,336.0 + 788,796 + 889514.87
= 2,546,647 kJ
Tabel B4.6 Data Heat of Formation

NH4Cl -296.667 444,849.72 -131,972,084.6
Ca(OH)2 -996.667 222,424.86 -221,683,445.5
NH3 (g) -45.667 444,849.72 -20,314,804.03
H2O (l) -284.656 444,849.72 -126,629,068.7
CaCl2 -794.167 222,424.86 -176,642,411.0

∆H Rx = (∆Hf NH3 + ∆Hf H2O + ∆Hf CaCl2) - (∆Hf NH4Cl + ∆Hf Ca(OH)2)
= -323,586,283.71 - -353,655,530.05
= 30,069,246.34 kJ

= -4,931,975 + 2,546,647 + 30,069,246
= 27,683,919 kJ
Tabel B4.7 Neraca Energi Pre-Limer

Aliran <46> 25,808,399.452 Aliran <61> 7,603,460.474
Aliran <60> 12,796,902.088 Aliran <64> 6,566,312.37
∆H Reaksi 1 3,248,389.876 ∆H Reaksi 2 27,683,918.57
Total 41,853,691.416 Total 41,853,691.416
B - 170
41,853,691.416 - 41,853,691.416 = 0.000
Jadi temperatur keluar dari pre-limer menuju absorber = 77.58 C

o
= 350.73 K
B5. FILTRATION SECTION

B5.1 ROTARY CALCINER (B-420)
T ? T = 200.00 °C
<66> udara panas
= 473.15 K
<67> udara release
T = 86.13 °C Rotary Calciner T ?

= 359.28 K (B-420)
<59> dari rotary drum filter

<71> ke ball mils
Gambar B5.1 Blok Diagram Sistem Rotary Calciner (B-420)
Asumsi : kadar Na2CO3 dalam produk = 99.94%

terdekomposisi sempurna
Menuju cyclone = 2%
Reaksi 1 : 2NaHCO3 (s) Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O (g)
Reaksi 2 : NH4HCO3 (s) NH3 (g) + CO2 (g) + H2O (g)
INPUT
∆H <59> dari Rotary Drum filter
T masuk = 86.13 0C = 359.28 K τ = Tmasuk/Tref
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K = 1.21
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
B - 171
Tabel B.1 Total Enthalpy Arus <59> dari rotary drum filter
Komponen Massa (kg) BM Mol Cp dT ∆H (kJ)
NaHCO3 38,054.76 84.00 453,032.9 22.14 61.13 2,554,268.45
NH4HCO3 18,931.99 79.00 239,645.4 53.95 61.13 3,292,990.97
H2O (l) 7,016.01 18.00 389,778.4 18.16 61.13 1,803,383.60
Impuritas 3.23 0.30 61.13 247.06
Total 64,005.99 7,650,643.03
∆H <66> udara panas

T masuk = 200.00 0C = 473.15 K τ = T masuk/Tref
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K = 1.59
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B5.2 Komponen Arus <66> udara panas

Komponen massa (Kg) BM mol Cp dT ∆H (kJ)
O2 140,788.38 32.00 4,399,637 7.55 175.0 24,232,605.05
N2 529,632.48 28.00 18,915,446 6.97 175.0 96,177,258.15
Total 670,420.86 120,409,863.20
OUTPUT
∆H <71> menuju ball mill
T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K = 1.54
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
Tabel B5.3 Total Enthalpy Arus <71> menuju ball mills

Komponen Massa (kg) BM mol Cp dT ∆H (kJ)
Na2CO3 23,530.53 106.00 221,986.1 28.90 161.2 4,310,195.91
H2O (l) 6.25 18.00 347.08 18.28 161.2 4,261.67
Impuritas 3.17 0.30 161.2 638.65
Total 23,539.94 4,314,457.58
∆H <67> udara release

T operasi = 30 0C = 303.15 K = 1.54
T ref = 25 0C = 298.15 K
B - 172
Tabel B5.4 Komponen Arus <67> udara release
Komponen Massa (kg) BM mol Cp dT ∆H (kJ)
CO2 20,511.12 44.00 466,161.8 10.67 161.2 3,342,502.74
NH3 4,073.97 17.00 239,645.4 9.59 161.2 1,544,722.72
H2 O 15,400.68 18.00 855,593.1 7.53 161.2 4,331,212.51
O2 140,788.38 32.00 4,399,637 7.50 161.2 22,166,709.48
N2 529,632.48 28.00 18,915,446 6.96 161.2 88,442,579.29
Na2CO3 480.21 106.00 4,530.33 28.90 161.2 87,963.18
Impuritas 0.06 0.30 161.2 13.03
Total 710,886.91 119,915,702.96
ENTHALPHY REAKSI
Reaksi 1 : 2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 + H 2O
Mula-mula 453,032.87
Reaksi 453,032.87 226,516.4 226,516.44 226,516.44
Sisa 0.00 226,516.4 226,516.44 226,516.44
T = 359.28 K ∆H Reaksi I T out = 459.39 K
∆H reaktan ∆H produk
∆H Rx (T = 298,15 K)

∆H reaktan :
∆H NaHCO3 = mol NaHCO3 x Cp x (T ref - Tin)
= 453,032.87 x 22.14 x -61.13
= -2,554,268 kJ
∆H produk :
∆H Na2CO3 = mol Na2CO3 x Cp x (T out - T ref)
= 226,516.44 x 28.90 x 161.24
= 4,398,159.1 kJ
∆H CO2 = mol CO2 x Cp x (T out - T ref)

= 226,516.44 x 10.67 x -298.2
= -3,003,205 kJ
∆H H2O = mol H2O x Cp x (T out - T ref)
B - 173
= 226,516.44 x 7.53 x -298.2
= -2,120,275 kJ
∆H produk = ∆H Na2CO3 + ∆H CO2 + ∆H H2O

= 4,398,159.1 + -3,003,205.00 + -2,120,274.67
= -725,320.6 kJ
∆H Rx
Tabel B5.5 Data Heat of formation komponen reaksi I :
NaHCO3 -947.70 453,032.87 -429,339,251.3
Na2CO3 -1,130.90 226,516.44 -256,167,436.6
CO2 -393.50 226,516.44 -89,134,217.25
H2O (g) -241.82 226,516.44 -54,776,204.36

∆H Rx = (Hf Na2CO3 + Hf CO2 + Hf H2O) - Hf NaHCO3
= -400,077,858.16 - -429,339,251.26
= 29,261,393.10 kJ
= -2,554,268 + -725,320.59 + 29,261,393.10
= 25,981,804.06 kJ
Reaksi 2 : NH4HCO3 NH3 + CO2 + H2O

Mula-mula 239,645.40
Reaksi 239,645.40 239,645.4 239,645.40 239,645.40
Sisa 0.00 239,645.4 239,645.40 239,645.40
∆H reaktan ∆H produk
∆H Rx (T = 298,15 K)
Persamaan Neraca Energi pada Reaksi II :

∆H Reaksi II = ∆H reaktan + ∆H produk + ∆H Rx
∆H reaktan
B - 174
∆H NH4HCO3 = mol NH4HCO3 x Cp x (T ref - Tin)
= 239,645.40 x 53.95 x -61.13
= -3,292,991 kJ
∆H produk :
∆H NH3 = mol NH3 x Cp x (T out - T ref)
= 239,645.40 x 9.59 x 161.24
= 1,544,722.7 kJ
∆H CO2 = mol CO2 x Cp x (T out - T ref)

= 239,645.40 x 10.67 x 161.24
= 1,718,320.4 kJ
∆H H2O = mol H2O x Cp x (T out - T ref)

= 239,645.40 x 7.53 x 161.24
= 1,213,141.0 kJ
∆H produk = ∆H NH3 + ∆H CO2 + ∆H H2O

= 1,544,722.7 + 1,718,320 + 1,213,141.0
= 4,476,184.2 kJ
∆H Rx
Tabel B5.6 Data Heat of formation komponen reaksi II :
NH4HCO3 -581.00 239,645.40 -139,234,693.6
NH3 -45.67 239,645.40 -10,943,806.38
CO2 -391.88 239,645.40 -93,913,036.3
H2O (g) -240.82 239,645.40 -57,712,502.46

∆H Rx = (Hf NH3 + Hf CO2 + Hf H2O) - Hf NaHCO3
= -162,569,345.14 - -139,234,693.57
= -23,334,651.57 kJ
Maka, ∆H Reaksi II = ∆H reaktan + ∆H produk + ∆H Rx

= -3,292,991 + 4,476,184.19 + -23,334,651.57
= -22,151,458.36 kJ
Tabel B5.7 Neraca Energi rotary calciner

B - 175
Aliran <59> 7,650,643.028 Aliran <71> 4,314,457.577
Aliran <66> 120,409,863.204 Aliran <67> 119,915,702.96
∆H Reaksi II 22,151,458.358 ∆H Reaksi I 25,981,804.06
Total 150,211,964.590 Total 150,211,964.590

150,211,964.590 - 150,211,964.590 = 0.00
Jadi temperatur keluar rotary calsiner = 186.24 °C

= 459.39 K
B - 176
GOALSEEK
B - 177
GOALSEEK
B - 178
goolseak
fraksi
0.9996
0.00027
0.00013
1.00
B - 179
BM mol masa
18.00 466,161.83 8,390.91
B - 180
Aliran Massa (kg/jam)
Komponen
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
NaCl 36,685.20 - 36,685.20 - - - - - -
CaSO4 437.14 - 437.14 - - - - - -
MgCl2 1,097.13 - 1,097.13 - - - - - -
MgSO4 347.14 - 347.14 - - - - - -
H2O (l) 4,041.37 101,061.15 105,102.53 0.17 0.17 8,091.68 8,091.85 3,410.83 2,365.78
Na2CO3 - - - 647.35 647.35 - 647.35 - -
Ca(OH)2 - - - - - - - - 1,068.67
Mg(OH)2 - - - - - - - - -
CaCl2 - - - - - - - - -
Na2SO4 - - - - - - - - -
H2O (g) - - - - - - - - -
CO2 (g)
SO2 (g)
O2 - - - - - - - - -
N2 - - - - - - - - -
CaCO3 - -
Impurities 248.57 - 248.57 0.09 0.09 - 0.0872 - -
CaO
P.A.M - - - - - - - - -
C - - - - - - - - -
H2 - - - - - - - - -
N2 - - - - - - - - -
S - - - - - - - - -
O2 - - - - - - - - -
H2O - - - - - - - - -
Ash - - - - - - - - -
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
- 36,685.20 - - - 33,016.68
3,668.52 - -
- 0.00 - - - - - - -
- 0.00 - - - - - - -
- 0.00 - - - - - - -
5776.6106 118,970.99 - 122.24 122.24 107,183.90 11,909.32 627.10 585.46
- 0.00 - - - 0.00 0.00 - -
1,068.67 0.00 0.00 0.00
- 837.61 - - - 83.76 753.85 - -
- 1,281.91 - - - 128.19 1,153.72 - -
- 867.20 - - - 86.72 780.48 - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
610.71 61.07 549.64 29,160.03 27,224.09
- 248.66 - - - 24.87 223.79 1,567.74 1,463.66
- - 1.39 - 1.39 0.14 1.25 - -

- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
- - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - -
23.42 562.05 65.05 65.05 627.10 - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - -
1,088.96 26,135.13 3,024.90 3,024.90 29,160.03 - - - - -
58.55 1,405.11 162.63 162.63 1,567.74 - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - 6,604.00 5,943.60 594.36 5,349.24 660.40
- - - - - 442.54 398.28 39.83 358.45 44.25
- - - - - 109.98 98.98 9.90 89.08 11.00
- - - - - 28.80 25.92 2.59 23.33 2.88
- - - - - 2,530.84 2,277.75 227.78 2,049.98 253.08
- - - - - 1,681.11 1,513.00 151.30 1,361.70 168.11
- - - - - 1,695.52 1,525.96 152.60 1,373.37 169.55
29 30 31 32 33 34 35
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - 6,291.04 - 6,291.04
36,916.79 - 36,916.79
57.61 - 57.61
- - 22,741.88 22,741.88 4,092.95 - 4,092.95
- - 74,858.69 74,858.69 74,968.67 - 74,968.67
- - - - 5.83 5.77 0.06
- - - - 31.35 31.04 0.31
323.33 320.09 3.23
- - - - - - -
660.33 6,604.00 - - - - -
44.25 442.54 - - - - -
11.00 109.98 - - - - -
2.88 28.80 - - - - -
253.06 2,530.84 - - - - -
168.09 1,681.11 - - - - -
169.53 1,695.52 - - - - -

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APPENDIKS A

1 Tahun = 330 hari

Persamaan Umum Neraca Massa

Laju alir Laju alir

Laju alir Laju alir

Apabila tidak terjadi reaksi, maka generasi = konsumsi = 0, sehingga :

A1. BRINE PURIFICATION SECTION

Asumsi : Tidak terjadi reaksi

<1> garam rakyat <3> ke brine reaktor

Gambar A1.1 Blok Diagram Disolver Tank (M-110)

Tabel A1.1 Data Komposisi Garam Rakyat yang Dipakai

Jumlah garam rakyat yang dibutuhkan dalam proses sebesar: 42,857 kg

Perhitungan massa masing-masing komponen Garam Rakyat :

Massa CaSO4 = Massa Garam Rakyat x Fraksi massa CaSO4

Massa MgCl2 = Massa Garam Rakyat x Fraksi massa MgCl2

Massa MgSO4 = Massa Garam Rakyat x Fraksi massa MgSO4

Massa Impuritis = Massa Garam Rakyat x Fraksi massa Impuritis

Agar NaCl terlarut sempurna, maka diperlukan 27%wt NaCl

Massa NaCl dalam garam rakyat = 36,685 kg

Jumlah air yang Massa NaCl (kg NaCl)

Aliran <2> Air Proses

A1.2 Na2CO3 Tank (M-120)

<5> Na2CO3 dari produk

<6> Air proses <7> ke brine reaktor

Gambar A1.2 Blok Diagram Na2CO3 Tank (M-120)

Fungsi : Melarutkan Na2CO3 dengan H2O

Dari data hasil perhitungan di Brine Reactor (A1.4), didapatkan:

Na2CO3 yang dibutuhkan untuk proses Brine Purification = 0.08 kg/L

Kebutuhan H2O = = Volume H2O x Densitas H2O

Tabel A1.5 Neraca Massa Na2CO3 Tank (M-120)

A1.3 Ca(OH)2 Tank (M-130)

<8> Air proses <10> ke brine reaktor

Gambar A1.3 Blok Diagram Ca(OH)2 Tank (M-130)

Dari data hasil perhitungan di Brine Reactor (A1.4), didapatkan:

Kebutuhan H2O = Volume H2O x Densitas H2O

Tabel A1.6 Neraca Massa Ca(OH)2 Tank (M-130)

Aliran <8> Air Proses

Total Aliran Masuk 6,845.284 Total Aliran Keluar 6,845.284

A1.4 Brine Reactor (R-140)

<10> dari Ca(OH)2 tank <7> dari Na2CO3 tank

Brine Reaktor (R-140)

Gambar A1.4 Blok Diagram Sistem Brine Reactor (R-140)

Reaksi yang terjadi :

Tabel A1.8 Komponen Masuk ke Brine Reactor dari Ca(OH)2 Tank

Tabel A1.9 Komponen Masuk ke Brine Reactor dari Na2CO3 Tank

Karena reaksi sempurna, maka reaktan bereaksi semua sehingga sisanya = 0

Kebutuhan Ca(OH)2 = 14.442 kmol

Kebutuhan Na2CO3 = b= 6.107 kmol

Tabel A1.10 Generasi dan Konsumsi pada Brine Reactor

Tabel A1.11 Neraca Massa Brine Reactor (R-140)

Aliran <10> Ca(OH)2 Tank

Massa Masuk + Generasi = Massa Keluar + Konsumsi

A1.5 P.A.M Tank (M-150)

<13> feed water process

<12> feed P.A.M <14> coagulator tank

Gambar A1.5 Blok Diagram Sistem P.A.M Tank (M-150)

Fungsi : Melarutkan P.A.M menjadi larutan P.A.M sebagai koagulan

Asumsi : Tidak terjadi reaksi

Jumlah solid yang akan diendapkan dalam clarifier :

Jumlah larutan yang akan masuk ke dalam clarifier :

Massa Solid Brine Reactor

Larutan P.A.M sebesar 10 ppm mampu mengendapkan 0.015 kg solid/kg larutan

Volume larutan = massa larutan

Massa P.A.M yang ditambahkan = ppm x Volume Larutan