LAMPIRAN B

Perhitungan Neraca Panas

Basis perhitungan : 1 jam operasi

Satuan operasi : Kkal/Kg
Temperatur basis : 298,15 K

Neraca panas ini menggunakan rumus-rumus perhitungan sebagai berikut:

Persamaan untuk menghitung kapasitas panas (Reklaitis, 1983):
Cp = a + bT + cT2 + dT3
Jika Cp merupakan fungsi dari temperature maka persamaan menjadi:
2

. = (2 1) + (22 12 ) + (23 13 ) + (24 14 );
2 3 4
1

B.1 Data Perhitungan Cp

Tabel B.1 Nilai konstanta a, b, c, dan berat molekul (BM)

Cp
Komponen Satuan BM
a b c
Ash -0,832 -0,0348 J/(mol K) 60,084
FeCl3 35,813 0,2681 -0.0002 J/(mol K) 162,204
ClO2 35,791 0,0720 0.0004 J/(mol K) 67,45
H2O (l) 92,053 -0,0400 -0.0002 J/(mol K) 18
H2O2 -15,248 0,6769 -0.0015 J/(mol K) 34,0147
H2SO4 -34,353 0,7021 -0.0006 J/(mol K) 98,0785
HNO3 45,78 0,0210 0.0001 J/(mol K) 63,0128
Na2SO4 12,202 0,5814 -0.0006 J/(mol K) 142,0421
NaCl 41,293 0,0336 J/(mol K) 58,44
NaClO3 9,48 0,0468 kal/(mol K) 106,441
Na2Cr2O7 251,332 0,0060 kal/(mol K) 122,984
O2 29,526 -0,0089 J/(mol K) 32
(Yaws, )
B.2 Tangki Pelarutan NaClO3 (M-140)
Fungsi: Melarutkan bahan NaClO3 dengan air proses pada suhu kamar (30oC)
hingga terbentuk larutan NaClO3 39,4% sebelum masuk reaktor.
Kondisi operasi: 30oC, 1 atm

Air
Aliran <15>

NaClO3 (s)
Aliran <3> Larutan NaClO3
(aq)
Tangki Pelarutan
Aliran <4>

Neraca energi total:

Q masuk + Q pelarutan = Q keluar

Panas Masuk
Tmasuk = 30oC = 303,15 K
Tref = 25oC = 298,15 K

Cp NaClO3 = 9,48 + 0,0468

303,15
= 298,15 9,48 + 0,0468
0,0468
= 9,4800 (303,15 298,15) + (303,152 298,152 )
2
117,7521 /( )
=

= 1,1063 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp NaCl = 41,293 + 0,0336

 303,15
= 298,15 41,293 + 0,0336
0,0336
= 41,293 (303,15 298,15) + (303,152 298,152 )
2
256,9847 /( )
= 4,184

= 61,4208 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp FeCl3 = 35,813 + 0,2681 + (0,0002) 2

303,15
= 298,15 35,813 + 0,2681T + (0,0002) 2
0,2681
= 35,813 (303,15 298,15) + (303,152 298,152 ) +
2
0,0002
(303,153 298,153 )
3
581,9236 /( )
= 4,184

= 116,7345 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp Na2SO4 = 12,202 + 0,5814 + (0,0006) 2

303,15
= 298,15 12,202 + 0,5814T + (0,0006) 2
0,5814
= 12,202 (303,15 298,15) + (303,152 298,152 ) +
2
0,0006
(303,153 298,153 )
3
660,8587 /( )
= 4,184

= 157,9490 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp Na2Cr2O7 = 251,332 + 0,0060

303,15
= 298,15 251,332 + 0,0060
0,0060
= 251,332 (303,15 298,15) + (303,152 298,152 )
2
1256,6795 /( )
= BM

= 10,2914 Kkal/Kg K

Cp H2O = 92,053 + (0,0400) + (0,0002) 2

303,15
= 298,15 92,053 + (0,0400)T + (0,0002) 2
0,0400
= 92,053 (303,15 298,15) + (303,152
2
0,0002
298,152 ) + (303,153 298,153 )
3
304,8280 /( )
= 4,184

= 72,8556 Kkal/(Kg K)
Massa Cp dT Q = mCp dT
Komponen
(Kg) Kkal/Kg (Kkal)
Aliran <3>
NaClO3 421,5276 1,1063 466,3218
NaCl 0,8516 61,4208 52,3042
FeCl3 0,1277 116,7345 14,9112
Na2SO4 0,0852 157,9490 13,4505
Na2Cr2O7 0,0852 10,2914 0,8764
H2O 3,1082 72,8556 226,4524
Aliran <15>
H2O 648,3392 72,8556 47.235,1708
Total 48.009,4872

Panas Pelarutan
H larutan NaClO3 dalam H2O = -5,37 Kkal/mol
H larutan NaCl dalam H2O = 0,997 Kkal/mol
H larutan FeCl3 dalam H2O = -32,1 Kkal/mol
H larutan Na2SO4 dalam H2O = -0,32 Kkal/mol (Perry)

Qpelarutan = (mNaClO3 x HNaClO3 ) + (mNaCl x HNaCl ) + (mFeCl3 x HFeCl3 ) +

(mNa2 SO4 x HNa2SO4 )
= (421,5276 x (5,37 )) + (0,8516 x 0,997) +
(0,1277 x (32,1)) + (0,0852 x (0,32))
= -21,2772 Kkal
Panas Keluar
Suhu keluar (Tkeluar) yang dicapai dari proses ini adalah 30.0022 oC atau
303,1522 K dengan Tref 298,15.

Cp NaClO3 = 9,48 + 0,0468

303,1522
= 298,15 9,48 + 0,0468
0,0468
= 9,4800 (303,1522 298,15) + (303,15222
2

298,152 )
117,8049 /( )
=

= 1,1068 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp NaCl = 41,293 + 0,0336

303,1522
= 298,15 41,293 + 0,0336
0,0336
= 41,293 (303,1522 298,15) + (303,15222
2

298,152 )
257,0996 /( )
= 4,184

= 61,4483 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp FeCl3
= 35,813 + 0,2681 + (0,0002) 2
303,1522
= 298,15 35,813 + 0,2681T + (0,0002) 2
0,2681
= 35,813 (303,1522 298,15) + (303,15222
2
0,0002
298,152 ) + (303,15223 298,153 )
3
488,6357 /( )
= 4,184

= 116,7867 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp Na2SO4
= 12,202 + 0,5814 + (0,0006) 2
303,1522
= 298,15 12,202 + 0,5814T + (0,0006) 2
 0,5814
= 12,202 (303,1522 298,15) + (303,15222
2
0,0006
298,15) + (303,15223 298,153 )
3
661,1548 /( )
= 4,184

= 158,0198 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp Na2Cr2O7 = 251,332 + 0,0060

303,1522
= 298,15 251,332 + 0,0060
0,0060
= 251,332 (303,1522 298,15) + (303,15222
2

298,152 )
1266,2443 /( )
= BM

= 10,2960 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp H2O = 92,053 + (0,0400) + (0,0002) 2

303,1522
= 298,15 92,053 + (0,0400)T + (0,0002) 2
0,0400
= 92,053 (303,1522 298,15) + (303,15222
2
0,0002
298,152 ) + (303,15223 298,153 )
3
304,9631 /( )
= 4,184

= 72,8879 Kkal/(Kg K)
Massa Cp dt Q = mCp dT
Komponen
(Kg) Kkal/Kg (Kkal)
Aliran <4>
NaClO3 421,5276 1,1068 466,5309
NaCl 0,8516 61,4483 52,3276
FeCl3 0,1277 116,7867 14,9178
Na2SO4 0,0852 158,0198 13,4565
Na2Cr2O7 0,0852 10,2960 0,8768
 H2O 651,4475 72,8879 47482,6548
Total 1074,1247 48030,7644

Qkeluar = Qmasuk + Qpelarutan

= 48009,4872+ 21,2772
= 48.030,7644 Kkal
Komponen Masuk (Kkal) Keluar (Kkal)
NaClO3 466,3218 466,5309
NaCl 52,3042 52,3276
FeCl3 14,9112 14,9178
Na2SO4 13,4505 13,4565
Na2Cr2O7 0,8764 0,8768
H2O 47461,6231 47482,6548
q pelarutan 21,2772
Total 48030,7644 48030,7644

B.3 Heater (E-142)

Fungsi: Memanaskan larutan NaClO3 menjadi suhu 70oC sebelum masuk
reaktor.

0
Steam <16>, 180 C

Larutan NaClO3
<5>, Larutan NaClO3,
0 HEATER 0
30,0022 C <6> 70 C

Steam condensat <17>,

0
180 C
Neraca energy total:
Qmasuk + Qsuplai = Qkeluar + Qloss
Qmasuk = Q aliran <4>
 = 48030,7644 Kkal

Panas Keluar
Tkeluar = 70oC = 343,5 K
Tref = 25oC = 298,15 K

Cp NaClO3 = 9,48 + 0,0468

343,5
= 298,15 9,48 + 0,0468
0,0468
= 9,4800 (343,5 298,15) + (343,52 298,152 )
2
1110,8306 /( )
=

= 10,4361 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp NaCl = 41,293 + 0,0336

343,5
= 298,15 41,293 + 0,0336
0,0336
= 41,293 (343,5 298,15) + (343,52 298,152 )
2
2361,5997 /( )
= 4,184

= 564,4359 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp FeCl3 = 35,813 + 0,2681 + (0,0002) 2

343,5
= 298,15 35,813 + 0,2681T + (0,0002) 2
0,2681
= 35,813 (343,5 298,15) + (343,52 298,152 ) +
2
0,0002
(343,53 298,153 )
3
4555,7707 /( )
= 4,184

= 1.088,8553 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp Na2SO4 = 12,202 + 0,5814 + (0,0006) 2

 343,5
= 298,15 12,202 + 0,5814T + (0,0006) 2
0,5814
= 12,202 (343,5 298,15) + (343,52 298,152 ) +
2
0,0006
(343,53 298,153 )
3
6176,4015 /( )
= 4,184

= 1.476,1954 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp Na2Cr2O7 = 251,332 + 0,0060

343,5
= 298,15 251,332 + 0,0060
0,0060
= 251,332 (343,5 298,15) + (343,52 298,152 )
2
11485,2027 /( )
= BM

= 93,3878 Kkal/Kg K

T
Cp H2O = T keluar 92,053 + (0,0400)T + (0,0002)T 2 dT
ref

343,5
= 298,15 92,053 + (0,0400)T + (0,0002)T 2 dT
0,0400
= 92,053 (343,5 298,15) + (343,52
2
0,0002
298,152 ) + (343,53 298,153 )
3
2606,6215 /( )
= 4,184

= 622,9975 Kkal/(Kg K)
Massa Cp dT Q = mCp dT
Komponen
(kg) Kkal/kg K (Kkal)
Aliran<6>
NaClO3 421,5276 10,4361 4.399,1106
NaCl 0,8516 564,4359 480,6572
FeCl3 0,1277 1.088,8553 139,0856
Na2SO4 0,0852 1.476,1954 125,7085
Na2Cr2O7 0,0852 93,3878 7,9526
H2O 651,4475 622,9975 405.850,1409
 Total 411.002,6554

[Hkeluar + (0,05 x Hmasuk ) Hmasuk ]

Qsuplai =
(10,05)
[411002,6554+(0,05 x 48030,7644 )48030,7644 ]
=
(10,05)

= 384603,6098 Kkal
Untuk steam 180 oC:
Cair jenuh = 763,1 KJ/Kg = 183,144 Kkal/Kg
Laten kondensasi = 2013 KJ/Kg = 483,144 Kkal/Kg
Uap jenuh = 2776,3 KJ/Kg = 666,312 Kkal/Kg (smith)
Qsuplai
Msteam =
laten kondensasi
384603,6098 Kkal
=
483,144 Kkal/Kg

= 796,0434 Kg
Qloss = 0,05 x (Hmasuk + Hsuplai)
= 0,05 x (48030,7644 + 384603,6098)
= 21631,7187 Kkal
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
(Kkal) (Kkal)
Q in 48030,7644
Q out 411002,6554
Q supply 384603,6098
Q loss 21631,7187
Total 432634,3741 432634,3741

B.4 Heater (E-121)

Fungsi: Memanaskan larutan H2O2 menjadi suhu 70oC sebelum masuk reaktor.
0
Steam <9>, 180 C
Larutan H2O2 ,
0
30 C 0
HEATER Larutan H2O2 ,70 C
<7>
<8>

0
Steam condensat <10>, 180 C
Panas Masuk

Tmasuk = 30oC = 303,15 K

Tref = 25oC = 298,15 K

T
Cp H2O2 = T masuk cpdT
ref

303,15
= 298,15 cpdT
= -15,248 (303,15 - 298,15) + 0,6769/2 (303,152 - 298,152)) +
-0,0015/3 (303,153 - 298,153) + 0,00000120/4 (303,154 -
298,154)

265,7614 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 63,5185 Kkal/(Kg K)
Cp H2SO4 = -34,3530 (303,15 - 298,15)) + 0,7021/2 (303,152 - 298,152)) +
(-0,0006/3) (303,153 - 298,153)
607,2887 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 145,1455 Kkal/(Kg K)
Cp HNO3 = 45,7800 (303,15 - 298,15) + 0,0210/2 (303,152 - 298,152) +
(-0,0001/3) (303,153 - 298,153)
316,9424 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 75,7510 Kkal/(Kg K)
Cp H2O = 92,0530 (303,15 - 298,15)) + (-0,0400 / 2) (303,152 -
298,152)) + 0,0002/3 (303,153 - 298,153) + 0,000000535 / 4
(303,154 - 298,154)
304,8280 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 72,8556 Kkal/(Kg K)
 Massa Cp dT Q = mCp dT
Komponen
(kg) Kkal/kg K (Kkal)
Aliran<8>
H2O2 16,1479 63.5185 1025.6928
H2SO4 0,0129 145.1455 1.8750399
HNO3 0,0097 75.7510 0.7339338
H2O 16,1253 72.8556 1174.8212
Total 2203.1229

Panas Keluar

Tkeluar = 70 oC = 343,15 K
Tref = 25 oC = 298,15 K

Tkeluar
CpH2O2 = T cpdT
masuk

343,15
= 298,15 cpdT
= -5,248 (343,15 - 298,15) + 0,6769 / 2 (343,152 - 298,152) +
(-0,0015/3) (343,153 - 298,153) + 0,00000120 / 4 (343,154 -
298,154)
2168,3689 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 518,2526 Kkal/(Kg K)
Cp H2SO4 = -34,3530 (343,15 - 298,15) + 0,7021/2 (343,152 - 298,152) +
(-0,0006/3) (343,153 - 298,153)
5798,0713 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 1385,7723 Kkal/(Kg K)
Cp HNO3 = 45,7800 (343,15 - 298,15) + 0,0210 / 2 (343,152 - 298,152) +
(-0,0001/3) (343,153 - 298,153)
2965,8558 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 708,8565 Kkal/(Kg K)
Cp H2O = 92,0530 (343,15 - 298,15) + (-0,0400 / 2) (343,152 - 298,152)
+ 0,0002/3 (343,153 - 298,153) + 0,000000535 / 4 (343,154 -
298,154)
2606,6215 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 622,9975 Kkal/(Kg K)

Massa Cp dT Q = mCp dT
Komponen
(kg) Kkal/kg K (Kkal)
Aliran<8>
H2O2 16,1479 518,2526 8368,7100
H2SO4 0,0129 1385,7723 17,9019
HNO3 0,0097 708,8565 6,8679
H2O 16,1253 622,9975 10046,0390
Total 18439,5191

[Hkeluar + (0,05 x Hmasuk ) Hmasuk ]

Hsuplai =
(10,05)
[18439,519+(0,05 x 2203,1229)2203,1229]
=
(10,05)

= 17206,8972 Kkal
Untuk steam 180 oC:
Cair jenuh = 763,1 KJ/Kg = 183,144 Kkal/Kg
Laten kondensasi = 2013 KJ/Kg = 483,144 Kkal/Kg
Uap jenuh = 2776,3 KJ/Kg = 666,312 Kkal/Kg (smith)
Hsuplai
Msteam =
laten kondensasi
17206,8972 Kkal
=
483,144 Kkal/Kg

= 35,6144 Kg
Qloss = 0,05 x (Hmasuk + Hsuplai)
= 0,05 x (2203,1229 + 17206,8972)
= 970,5010 Kkal

Komponen Masuk Keluar

Q in 2203,1229
 Q out 18439,5191
Q supply 17206,8972
Q loss 970,5010
Total 19410,0201 19410,0201

B.5 HEATER (E-131)

Fungsi : Memanaskan larutan H2SO4 menjadi suhu 70 0C sebelum masuk
reaktor.
0
Steam <13>, 180 C

Larutan H2SO4
0
<11>, 30 C Larutan H2SO4 <12>,
HEATER 0
70 C

Steam condensat <14>,

0
Panas Masuk 180 C

Tmasuk = 30 oC = 303,15 K
Tref = 25 oC = 298,15 K

T
Cp H2SO4 = T masuk cpdT
ref

303,15
= 298,15 cpdT

= (-34,3530) (303,15 - 298,15) + 0,7021 / 2 (303,152 - 298,152)

+ (-0,0006 / 3) (303,153 - 298,153)
607,2887 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 145,1455 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp Ash = (-0,8320) (303,15 - 298,15) + (0,00348/2) (303,152 - 298,152)

+ (-0,0000000010/3) (303,153 - 298,153)
56,5423 J/(mol K)
=
4,184
 = -13,5139 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp FeCl3 = 35,8130 (303,15 - 298,15) + 0,2681 / 2 (303,152 - 298,152) +

(-0,002/ 3) (303,153 - 298,153)
488,4170 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 116,7345 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp H2O = 92,0530 (303,15 - 298,15) + 0,0400 / 2 (303,152 - 298,152) +

(0,0002 / 3) (303,153 - 298,153) + (0,000000535 / 4) (303,154
- 298,154)
304,8280 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 72,8556 Kkal/(Kg K)

Massa Cp dT H = mCp dT
Komponen
(kg) Kkal/kg K (Kkal)
Aliran<5>
H2SO4 615,1773 145,1455 89290,2008
Ash 0,1323 -13,5139 -1,7878
FeCl3 6,6148 116,7345 772,1762
H2O 39,5566 72,8556 2881,9185
Total 92942,5077

Panas Keluar

Tkeluar = 70 oC = 343,15 K
Tref = 25 oC = 298,15 K

T
Cp H2SO4 = T keluar cpdT
ref

= (-34,3530 (343,15 - 298,15) + 0,7021 / 2 (343,152 - 298,152)

+ (-0,0006 / 3) (343,153 - 298,153)
 5798,0713 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 1385,7723 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp Ash = (-0,8320) (343,15 - 298,15)) + 0,00348/2 (343,152 - 298,152)

+ (-0,0000000010/3) (343,153 - 298,153)

544,7201 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= -130,1912 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp FeCl3 = 35,8130 (343,15 - 298,15) + 0,2681 / 2 (343,152 - 298,152) +

(-0,002/ 3) (343,153 - 298,153)

4555,7707 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 1088,8553 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp H2O = 92,0530 (343,15 - 298,15)) + 0,0400 / 2 (343,152 - 298,152)

+ 0,0002 / 3 (343,153 - 298,153) + 0,000000535 / 4 (343,154
- 298,154)

2606,6215 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 622,9975 Kkal/(Kg K)

Massa Cp dT Q = mCp dT
Komponen
(kg) Kkal/kg K (Kkal)
Aliran<5>
H2SO4 615.1773 1385.7723 852495.6149
Ash 0.1323 -130.1912 -17.2238
FeCl3 6.6148 1088.8553 7202.5704
H2O 39.5566 622.9975 24643.6375
Total 884324.5990

[Hkeluar + (0,05 x Hmasuk ) Hmasuk ]

Hsuplai =
(10,05)
 [884.324,5990+(0,05 x 92.942,5077)92.942,5077]
=
(10,05)

= 837.925,4913 Kkal
Untuk steam 180 oC:
Cair jenuh = 763,1 KJ/Kg = 183,144 Kkal/Kg
Laten kondensasi = 2013 KJ/Kg = 483,144 Kkal/Kg
Uap jenuh = 2776,3 KJ/Kg = 666,312 Kkal/Kg (smith)
Hsuplai
Msteam =
laten kondensasi
837.925,4913 Kkal
=
483,144 Kkal/Kg

= 1734,3183 Kg
Qloss = 0,05 x (Hmasuk + Hsuplai)
= 0,05 x (92.942,5077+ 837.925,4913)
= 46.543,3999 Kkal

Komponen Masuk Keluar

Q in 92942.5077
Q out 884324.5990
Q supply 837925.4913
Q loss 46543.3999
Total 930867.9990 930867.9990

B.6 REAKTOR (R-210)

Fungsi: Mengonversikan Natrium klorat (NaClO3) menjadi Klorin dioksida
(ClO2) dengan bantuan agen pereduksi (H2O2) dan asam (H2SO4).
Air Pendingin <18>
T=25C
Aliran <21>
T= 80 oC

NaClO3 <6> 70C

H2SO4 <12> 70C Reaktor Aliran <20>

o
T= 80 C
H2O2 <8> 70C

Air Pendingin <19>

T=45C
Neraca energy total:

Qmasuk + (-Hr) + Qpendingin = Qkeluar

Panas Masuk
Tmasuk = 70 oC = 343,15 oC
Tref = 25 oC = 298,15 oC

=> Aliran NaClO3

T
Cp NaClO3 = T masuk cpdT
ref

343,15
= 298,15 cpdT

= 9,4800 (343,15 - 298,15) + 0,0468/2 (343,152 - 298,152)

1101,8889 Kal/(mol K)
=
BM
= 10,3521 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp NaCl = 41,2930 (343,15 - 298,15) + 0,0036/2 (343,152 - 298,152) +

(-0,0000139/3) (343,153 - 298,153)

2343,1088 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 560,0164 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp FeCl3 = 35,8130 (343,15 - 298,15)) + 0,2681 / 2 (343,152 - 298,152)

+ (-0,0002 / 3) (343,153 - 298,153)

4519,5709 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 1080,2034 Kkal/(Kg K)
Cp Na2SO4 = 12,2020 (343,15 - 298,15) + 0,5814 / 2 (343,152 - 298,152) +
(-0,0006 / 3) (343,153 - 298,153)

31881,0507 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 7619,7540 Kkal/(Kg K)
Cp Na2Cr2O7 = 251,3320 (343,15 - 298,15) + 0,060/2 (343,152 - 298,152)

11396,5155 Kal/(mol K)
=
BM
= 92,6667 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp H2O = 92,0530 (343,15 - 298,15)) + (-0,0400 / 2) (343,152 -

298,152) + 0,0002 / 3 (343,153 - 298,153) + 0,000000535 / 4
(343,154 - 298,154)

2587,9099 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 618,5253 Kkal/(Kg K)

=> Aliran H2O2

Cp H2O2 = (-15,284) (343,15 - 298,15) + 0,6769/2 (343,152 - 298,152) +
(-0,0015 / 3) (343,153 - 298,153) + 0,00000120 / 4 (343,154 -
298,154)

2154,0316 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 514,8259 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp H25O4 = (-34,3530) (343,15 - 298,15) + 0,7021 / 2 (343,152 - 298,152)

+ (-0,0006 / 3) (343,153 - 298,153)
 5750,9559 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 1374,5114 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp HNO3 = 45,7800 (343,15 - 298,15)) + 0,0210 / 2 (343,152 - 298,152)

+ (0,0001 / 3) (343,153 - 298,153)

2942,1549 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 703,1919 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp H2O = 92,0530 (343,15 - 298,15) + -0,0400 / 2 (343,152 - 298,152)

+ 0,0002 / 3 (343,153 - 298,153) + 0,000000535 / 4 (343,154
- 298,154)

2587,9099 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 618,5253 Kkal/(Kg K)

=> Aliran H2SO4

Cp H2SO4 = (-34,3530) (343,15 - 298,15) + 0,7021 / 2 (343,152 -
298,152) + (-0,0006 / 3) (343,153 - 298,153)

5750,9559 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 1374,5114 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp Ash = (-0,8320) (343,15 - 298,15) + (-0,0348/2) (343,152 - 298,152)

+ (-0,0000000010/3) (343,153 - 298,153)

540,2416 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= -129,1209 Kkal/(Kg K)
Cp FeCl3 = 35,8130 (343,15 - 298,15) + 0,2681 / 2 (343,152 - 298,152) +
(-0,002/ 3) (343,153 - 298,153)

4519,5709 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 1080,2034 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp H2O = 92,0530 (343,15 - 298,15) + 0,0400 / 2 (343,152 - 298,152) +

0,0002 / 3 (343,153 - 298,153) + 0,000000535 / 4 (343,154 -
298,154)

2587,9099 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 618,5253 Kkal/(Kg K)

Massa Cp dT Q = mCp dT
Komponen
(Kg) Kkal/Kg (Kkal)
Aliran <6>
NaClO3 421.5276 10.3521 4363.6998
NaCl 0.8516 560.0164 476.8937
FeCl3 0.1277 1080.2034 137.9805
Na2SO4 0.0852 7619.7540 648.8761
Na2Cr2O7 0.0852 92.6667 7.8912
H2O 651.4475 618.5253 402936.7572
Total
Aliran <8>
H2O2 68.7556 514.8259 35397.1439
H2SO4 0.0550 1374.5114 75.6042
HNO3 0.0413 703.1919 29.0090
H2O 68.6593 618.5253 42467.5174
Total
Aliran <12>
H2SO4 2619.3353 1374.5114 3600306.3173
Ash 0.5633 -129.1209 -72.7335
FeCl3 28.1649 1080.2034 30423.8152
H2O 168.4261 618.5253 104175.7920
Total
TOTAL 4221374.5640
 Panas Reaksi

Reaksi 2 NaClO3 + H2O2 + H2SO4 2ClO2 + Na2SO4 + O2 + 2H2O

Awal 3.9541 2.0202 26.7018
reaksi 3.7564 1.8782 1.8782 3.7564 1.8782 1.8782 3.7564
sisa 0.1977 0.1420 24.8236 3.7564 1.8782 1.8782 3.7564

Data panas reaksi standar

NaClO3 -78.4200 Kkal/mol

H2O2 -45.8000 Kkal/mol
H2SO4 -212.0300 Kkal/mol
ClO2 24.7000 Kkal/mol
H2O -68.3174 Kkal/mol
Na2SO4 -330.3170 Kkal/mol
(Perry ed 8 hal 2-187)

n Df Hf= n x Df
Komponen
(mol) (Kkal/mol) (Kkal)
Reaktan
NaClO3 3756.4365 -78.4200 -294579.7487
H2O2 1878.2182 -45.8000 -86022.3954
H2SO4 1878.2182 -212.0300 -398238.6133
Total -778840,7573
Produk
ClO2 3756.4365 24.7000 92783.9810
O2 1878.2182 0.0000
H2O 3756.4365 -68.3174 -256629.9735
 Na2SO4 1878.2182 -330.3170 -620407.4142
Total -784253,4067

Hro = DHproduk DHreaktan

= -784253,4067 (-778840,7573)
= -5412,6493 Kkal
Panas Keluar
Tkeluar = 80 oC = 353,15 oC
Tref = 25 oC = 298,15 oC

T
Cp NaClO3 = T keluar cpdT
ref

353,15
= 298,15 cpdT

= 9,4800 (353,15 - 298,15 ) + 0,0468/2 (353,152 - 298,152)

1359,6231 Kal/(mol K)
=
BM
= 12,7735 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp NaCl = 41,2930 (353,15 - 298,15) + 0,0036/2 (353,152 - 298,152) +

(-0,0000139/3) (353,153 - 298,153)

2873,0416 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 686,6734 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp FeCl3 = 35,8130 (298,15 - 353,15) + 0,2681 / 2 (353,152 - 298,152)

+ (-0,0002 / 3) (353,153 - 298,153)

5559,8526 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 1328,8367 Kkal/(Kg K)
Cp Na2SO4 = 12,2020 (353,15 - 298,15) + 0,5814 / 2 (353,152 - 298,152) +
(-0,0006 / 3) (353,153 - 298,153)

7538,2179 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 1801,6773 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp Na2Cr2O7 = 251,3320 (353,15 - 298,15) + 0,060/2 (353,152 - 298,152)

13930,7245 Kal/(mol K)
=
BM
= 113,2727 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp H2O = 92,0530 (353,15 - 298,15) + (-0,0400 / 2) (353,152 -

298,152) + 0,0002 / 3 (353,153 - 298,153) + 0,000000535 / 4
(353,154 - 298,154)

3113,5398 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 744,1539 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp H2O2 = (-15,284) (353,15 - 298,15) + 0,6769/2 (353,152 - 298,152) +

(-0,0015 / 3) (353,153 - 298,153) + 0,00000120 / 4 (353,154 -
298,154)

2546,3353 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 608,5887 Kkal/(Kg K)
Cp H2SO4 = (-34,3530) (353,15 - 298,15) + 0,7021 / 2 (353,152 - 298,152)
+ (-0,0006 / 3) (353,153 - 298,153)

7110,5329 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 1699,4581 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp HNO3 = 45,7800 (353,15 - 298,15) + 0,0210 / 2 (353,152 - 298,152) +

(0,0001 / 3) (353,153 - 298,153)

3624,5118 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 866,2791 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp H2O = 92,0530 (353,15 - 298,15) + -0,0400 / 2 (353,152 - 298,152)

+ 0,0002 / 3 (353,153 - 298,153) + 0,000000535 / 4 (353,154 -
298,154)

3113,5398 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 744,1539 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp Ash = (-0,8320) (353,15 - 298,15)+ (-0,0348/2) (353,152 - 298,152)

+ (-0,0000000010/3) (353,153 - 298,153)

669,8780 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= -160,1047 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp ClO2 = 35,7910 (353,15 - 298,15)+ 0,0720 / 2 (353,152 - 298,152) +

0,0004/3 (353,153 - 298,153)
5829,8764 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 1393,3739 Kkal/(Kg K)
Cp O2 = 29,5260 (298,15 - 353,15) + (-0,0089 / 2) (353,152 - 298,152)
+ 0,0004/3 (353,153 - 298,153) + (-0,000000033 / 4)
(353,154 - 298,154)
1464,5261 J/(mol K)
=
4,184

= 350,0301 Kkal/(Kg K)

Massa Cp dT Q = mCp dT
Komponen
(Kg) Kkal/Kg (Kkal)
Aliran <20>
NaClO3 21,0764 12,7735 269,2189
NaCl 0,8516 686,6734 584,7511
FeCl3 28,2926 1328,8367 37596,2854
Na2SO4 267,0526 1801,6773 481142,6674
Na2Cr2O7 0,0852 113,2727 9,6460
H2O 651,4475 744,1539 484777,1679
H2O2 4,8338 608,5887 2941,7787
H2SO4 2435,1451 1699,4581 4138427,2325
HNO3 0,0413 866,2791 35,7369
H2O 237,0854 744,1539 176428,0050
Ash 0,5633 -160,1047 -90,1866
H2O 67,6819 744,1539 50365,7450
Aliran <21>
ClO2 253,8071 1393,3739 353648,2007
O2 60,1617 350,0301 21058,4030
Total
TOTAL 4028,1254 5747194,6519
 Karena reaksi eksotermis maka dibutuhkan pendingin (CW) untuk
mempertahankan suhu keluar pada 80 oC.
Q CW = Q keluar (Q masuk + (-Hr))
= 5747194,6519 (4221374,5640 + 5412,6493)
= 1520407,4385 Kkal

Cp air pada 25oC = 0.999 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp air pada 45oC = 0.999 Kkal/(Kg K ) (vaxasoftware.com)
Sehingga:
Q CW
M CW = Cp o
air 25 C x T

1520407,4385
= 0.999 x (4525)

= 76096,4684 Kg

Komponen Masuk Keluar

Q in 4221374,5640
Q out 5747194,6519
-Hr 5412,6493
Q CW 1520407,4385
Total 5747194,6519 5747194,6519

B.7 KOMPRESOR (G-211)

Aliran <21>
o
T = 80 C
= 353,15 oC
P = 1 atm

Aliran <22>
o
T = 151,26 C
= 424,41 oC
P = 2 atm
T ref = 298,15 oC
Neraca energy total:

Qin + Qkompresi = Qout design+ Qpendingin

Suhu gas keluar compressor : T2 =

P2 R/(CP)5
T2 = T1 ( ) ( Pers 7.18 Smith - Van Ness ed. 6 hal. 257 )
P1

Dengan nilai R / (CP)5 untuk diatomic gas = 0,2857

(Smith - Van Ness ed. 6 hal. 258)

Maka :

2 0,2857
T2 = 353,15 ( )
1

= 430,8785 k

Tenaga yang dibutuhkan compressor

(1)/
5 =
1
((2 ) ) (Smith - Van Ness ed. 6 hal. 258 )
1

1,31 . 8,314 2 (1,311)/ 1,31

= ((1) )
1,31

= 2211,563921 kj/kg

Efisiensi compressor : P
5
P=
Efisiensi

2211,563921
=
0,75

= 2948,752 KN
Panas masuk (Q in)

1
Q ClO2 =m .

353,15
= 253,807 2
35,7910 + 0,0720 T + 0,0004 T dT
298,15

0,0720
= 253,807 (35,7910 (353,15 298,15) + (353,152
2

0,0004
298,152 ) + 3
(353,152 298,153 )) / 4,184

= 353648,20 kkal

1
Q O2 =m .

353,15
= 60,162 29,5260 + (0,0089 T dT
298,15

0,0089
= 60,162 (29,5260 (353,15 298,15) + (353,152
2

298,152 )) / 4,184

= 21050,40 kkal

Q in = Q ClO2 + Q O2

= 374706,60 kkal

Panas keluar (Q out)

2
Q ClO2 =m .

430,8785
= 253,807 2
35,7910 + 0,0720 T + 0,0004 T dT
298,15

0,0720
= 253,807 (35,7910 (430,8785 298,15) + (430,87852
2

0,0004
298,152 ) + 3
(430,87853 298,152 )) / 4,184
 = 975289,66 kkal

2
Q O2 =m .

430,8785
= 60,162 29,5260 + (0,0089 T dT
298,15

0,0089
= 60,162 (29,5260 (430,8785 298,15) + (430,87852
2

298,152 )) / 4,184

= 975289,66 kkal

Q out = Q ClO2 + Q O2

= 1025448,63 kkal

Panas keluar (Design)

Q ClO2 =m .

424,41
= 253,807 2
35,7910 + 0,0720 T + 0,0004 T dT
298,15

0,0720
= 253,807 (35,7910 (424,41 298,15) + (424,412
2

0,0004
298,152 ) + 3
(424,413 298,152 )) / 4,184

= 917595,28 kkal

Q O2 =m .

424,41
= 60,162 2
35,7910 + 0,0720 T + 0,0004 T dT
298,15
 0,0720
= 60,162 (35,7910 (424,41 298,15) + (424,412
2

0,0004
298,152 ) + 3
(424,413 298,152 )) / 4,184

= 47766,74 kkal

Q out design = Q ClO2 + Q O2

= 965362,02 kkal

Panas pendingin

Untuk mempertahankan agar temperature keluar tetap 424,41 kkal, maka

dibutuhkan air pendingin.

Q pendingin = Q out - Q Out Design

= 1025448,63 - 965362,02

= 60086,6067 kkal

Maka massa air pendingin yang dibutuhkan

Cp air pada 25oC = 0.999 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp air pada 45oC = 0.999 Kkal/(Kg K ) (vaxasoftware.com)
Sehingga:
Q Pendingin
M CW = Cp o
air 25 C x T

60086,6067
= 0.999 x (4525)

= 3007,3377 Kg
Q Kompresi = Q out - Q in

= 1175082,75 - 524340,73

= 650742,02 kkal

Komponen Masuk Keluar

Q in 374706.6038
 Q out design 965362.0196
Q kompresi 650742.0226
Q pendingin 60086.6067
Total 1025448.6263 1025448.6263

B.8 COOLER (E-212)

0
Air pendingin <24>, 25 C

aliran <22>, COOLER

0 0
151.26 C Aliran <23> 30 C

0
Air pendingin <25>, 45 C
Fungsi : Mendinginkan suhu bahan keluar dari compressor dari 151,260c
menjadi 300c.

Neraca energy total:

Qin = Qout + Qpendingin

Tin = 151,26 + 273,15

= 424,41 k

Tout = 30 + 273,15

= 303,15 k

Tref = 298,18

Panas masuk (Q in)

Q ClO2 =m .

 424,41
= 253,807 2
35,7910 + 0,0720 T + 0,0004 T dT
298,15

0,0720
= 253,807 (35,7910 (424,41 298,15) + (424,412
2

0,0004
298,152 ) + 3
(424,412 298,153 )) / 4,184

= 917595,28 kkal

Q O2 =m .

424,41
= 60,162 29,5260 + (0,0089) T dT
298,15

0,0089
= 60,162 (29,5260 (424,41 298,15) + (424,412
2

298,152 )) / 4,184

= 47766,74 kkal

Q in = Q ClO2 + Q O2

= 965362,02 kkal

Panas keluar (Q out)

Q ClO2 =m .

303,15
= 253,807 2
35,7910 + 0,0720 T + 0,0004 T dT
298,15

0,0720
= 253,807 (35,7910 (303,15 298,15) + (303,152
2

0,0004
298,152 ) + 3
(303,153 298,152 )) / 4,184

= 29481,23 kkal

Q O2 =m .

 303,15
= 60,162 29,5260 + (0,0089 T dT
298,15

0,0089
= 60,162 (29,5260 (303,15 298,15) + (303,152
2

298,152 )) / 4,184

= 1930,40 kkal

Q out = Q ClO2 + Q O2

= 31411,63 kkal

Q pendingin = Q in - Q out

= 933950,3932 kkal

Maka massa air pendingin yang dibutuhkan

Cp air pada 25oC = 0.999 Kkal/(Kg K)

Cp air pada 45oC = 0.999 Kkal/(Kg K ) (vaxasoftware.com)
Sehingga:
Q Pendingin
M CW = Cp o
air 25 C x T

933950,3932
= 0.999 x (4525)

= 46744,2639 Kg

Komponen Input Output

Q in 965362,0196

Q out - 31411,6264

Q pendingin - 933950,3932

Total 965362,0196 965362,0196

B.9 ABSORBER

Aliran 21 ClO2 . O2
T : 800C

Aliran 26 H2O
ABSORBER Aliran ClO2, O2
T : 300C
T : 300C

Aliran 28
ClO2,H2O
T : 300c

1. Enthalpi umpan masuk reaktor 800C = 353,15 K dan 250C = 298,15 K

Tk
Q ClO2 = mT ref cpdT

= 253,8071 x [35,7910 (353,15 - 298,15) + 0,0720 / 2 (353,152

- 298,152) + 0,0004/3 (353,153 - 298,153) / 4,184]

= 253,8071 x 1393,3739

= 353648,2007 Kkal
Tk
Q O2 = mT ref cpdT

= 60,1617 x [29,5260 (353,15 - 298,15) + (-0,0089 / 2)

(353,152 - 298,152) + 0,0004/3 (353,153 - 298,153) +
(-0,000000033 / 4) (353,154 - 298,154) /4,184]

= 60,1617 x 350,0301

= 21058,4030 Kkal

Q H2O = 62878,7879 x [92,0530 (353,15 - 298,15)) + (-0,0400 / 2)

(353,152 - 298,152) + 0,0002 / 3 (353,153 - 298,153) +
0,000000535 / 4 (353,154 - 298,154) / 4,184]
 = 62878,879 x 744,1539

= 46791495,2431

Komponen
Massa H
(Kg) (Kkal/Kg) (Kkal)
ClO2 253,8071 1393,739 35348,2007
O2 60,1617 350,0301 21058,4030
H2O 62878,7879 79744,1539 46791495,2431
Total 63192,7567 - 471662018468

Tk
Q ClO2 = mT ref cpdT

= 1,2819 x (((35,7910 x (303,15 - 298,15)) + ((0,0720 / 2 (303,152 -

298,152)) + ((0,0004/3) (303,153 - 298,153))) / 67,5)

= 1,2819 x 6,9320

= 8,8874
Tk
Q O2 = mT ref cpdT

= 60,1617 x (((29,5260 x (303,15 - 298,15)) + ((-0,0089 / 2 (303,152 -

298,152)) + ((0,0004/3) (303,153 - 298,153)) + (-0,000000033 / 4) (303,154
- 298,154) /32)

= 60,1617 x 4,5933

= 276,3655

=> Aliran NaClO3

Tk
Q ClO2 = mT ref cpdT

= 252,5253 x (((35,7910 x (303,15 - 298,15)) + ((0,0720 / 2 (303,152 -

298,152)) + ((0,0004/3) (303,153 - 298,153))) / 67,5)

= 252,5253 x 6,9330
 = 1750,7579

Q H2O = 62878,7879 x (((92,0530 (303,15 - 298,15)) + ((-0,0400 / 2

(303,15 - 298,152)) + ((0,0002 / 3) (303,153 - 298,153) + ((0,000000535 /
2

4) (303,154 - 298,154))) / 18)

= 62878,7879 x 72,8556

= 4581071,8197

Tk
Komponen Massa cpdT H Total
T ref
Aliran 23
Q ClO2 1,2819 6,9330 8,8874 285, 2527
O2 60,1617 4,5933 276,3655
Aliran 28
Q ClO2 252,5253 6,9330 1750,7579 4582822,5776
Q H2O2 62878,7879 72,8556 4581071,8197
Total - 4583107,8305

Q in + Q cooler = Q out + 0,5 (Q in + Q Cooler)

= -471657294234,7050

Asumsi q Hilang = 5% suhu hilang

= 0,05 (Q cooler + Q in)

= 241211,4648

Masuk Keluar
Q in 471662018464,000 Q Out 4583017,8305
Q cooler -471657194234,7050 Q Loss 241211,4648
Total 4824229,2953 Total 4824229,2953