NERACA PANAS
HW
Dowterm out 5
E CP-O1
5
R-01 CW
CW
S 2
C-01
1 2 HW
VP-01 6
4
C Dowterm in
C-02
10
9
S
7
3 S-02
CC
S-01 C
9
11
Diagram Alir Neraca Panas
C-1
Ada beberapa hal yang menjadi dasar perhitungan neraca panas yaitu :
Komponen BM
H2 2
C6H6 78
C6H12 84
C7H8 92
b. Kapasitas Panas
Cp = A + BT + CT2 + DT3
= m.
Komponen A B C D
H2 50,607 -6,11 0,309 -0,00415
C6H6 -31,662 1,30E+00 -3,61E-03 3,82E-06
C6H12 -44,417 1,60E+00 -4,47E-03 4,76E-06
C7H8 83,703 5,17E-01 -1,49E-03 1,97E-06
Yaws (1999)
C-2
Tabel C.3 Data Kapasitas Panas Gas
Komponen A B C D E
Hvap = A (1 –(T/Tc))n
Tc : Temperatur kritis, K
T : Suhu operasi, K
A, n : Konstanta
Komponen A Tc n
H2 0,655 33,18 0,38
C6H6 49,888 562,16 0,489
C6H12 49,06 553,54 0,486
C7H8 50,139 591,79 0,383
C-3
1. Neraca Panas di Vaporizer
Q2
T= 1640C
Q1
T= 300C
Q2 = Enthalpy Produk
Q s = Enthalpy steam
Q p = Enthalpy penguapan
INPUT
T = 300C = 308,15 K
Benzena (C6H6)
= 1370,9629 kJ/kmol
Q C6H6 = m. Cp.dT
C-4
= 67,5827 kmol /jam x 1370,9629 kJ/kmol
= 92653,3770 kJ/jam
Toluena (C7H8)
= 1583,8632 kJ/kmol
Q C7H8 = m. Cp.dT
= 90,8436 kJ/jam
OUTPUT
Vaporizing
T = 164 OC = 437,15 0K
Benzena (C6H6)
Hvap = A(1-(T/Tc))n
Q C6H6 = m . H vap
= 1616373,4873 kJ/jam
C-5
Toluena (C7H8)
Q C7H8 = m . H vap
T = 164 OC = 437,15 K
Tref = 25 oC = 298,15 K
Benzena (C6H6)
= -31,368 + +(
]dT
= 14597,0256 kJ/kmol
Q C6H6 = m. Cp.dT
= 986986506,4268 kJ/jam
Toluena (C7H8)
C-6
= 18102,1779 kJ/kmol
QC7H8 = m. Cp.dT
= 1038,2637 kJ/jam
= Q2 + Q penguapan – Q1
T = 1840C = 457,15 K
= 2779,8026 KJ/kg
C-7
Tabel C.8 Neraca Panas Total VP-01
Q1 92744,2206 0
Q penguapan 0 1618147,0572
Q2 0 987544,6904
Q steam 2512947,5270 0
Fungsi : menaikkan tekanan gas Benzena dari 8 atm menjadi 30,2 atm
Q(2a) Q(2b)
C-01
P= 8 atm P= 30,2 atm
T= 1640C T= ?
Keterangan :
Q (2a) sama dengan neraca panas produk dari vaporizer = 987544,6904 kJ/jam
C-8
Perhitungan jumlah stage:
J.M.,Richardson,J.F.,1983).
1/n
Rc =
n = jumlah stage
1/1
Rc =
= 3,78 .
R/Cp
T2 = T1 (Pers. 7.18 Smith Van Ness ed.5)
To = 1640C = 437,15 K
R = 8,314 Kj/kmol. K
0,0672
T2 = 437
= 477,94 K
= 204,79 C
C-9
Jadi suhu keluar kompresor adalah 477,94 K (204, 790C)
T2 = 204,79 C = 477,9 K
Benzena (C6H6)
= -31,368 + +(
]dT
= 19849,5621 kJ/kmol
Q C6H6 = m. Cp.dT
= 1341487,0347 kJ/jam
Toluena (C7H8)
= 24556,9197 kJ/kmol
QC7H8 = m . Cp . dT
= 1408,4801 kJ/jam
Fungsi : Menaikkan tekanan gas recycle dari 3 atm menjadi 30,2 atm
Q(4a) Q(4b)
P= 3 atm C-02
P= 30,2 atm
T= 300C T= ?
Keterangan :
J.M.,Richardson,J.F.,1983).
1/n
Rc =
n = jumlah stage
1/1
Rc =
= 10,07
1/2
Rc =
= 3,17
C-11
Dari trial n diperoleh dengan 2 stage rasio kompresi kurang dari 4.
a. Kompresor Stage 1
Q(4a) Q(4b)
P= 3 atm C-02
P=?
T= 300C T= ?
= 3,17 x 3
= 9,52 atm
T = 30 0C = 303,15 K
Tref = 25 0C = 298,15 K
R/Cp
T2 = T1 (Pers. 7.18 Smith Van Ness ed.5)
C-12
R = 8,314 Kj/kmol. K
= 0,28
0,28
T1b = 303,15
= 423,72 K
= 342,73 K
T = 69,58 0C = 342,73 K
Tref = 25 0C = 298,15K
= 1233017,9473 - 861703,9404
= 371314,0069 kj/jam
Massa pendingin =
C-13
=
= 328,67 kmol/jam
= 5915 kg/jam
Qc = 328,67 kmol/jam x
= 127806,6162 Kj/jam
Qh = 328,67 kmol/jam x
= 10359247,84 kJ/jam
b. Kompresor Stage 2
T= 3420C T= ?
= 3,17 x 9,52
= 30,2 atm
R/Cp
T2 = T1 (Pers. 7.18 Smith Van Ness ed.5)
R = 8,314 Kj/kmol. K
0,28
T2 =
= 477,41 K
T = 204,41 0C = 477,41 K
C-15
4. Neraca Panas Reaktor
produk cyclohexane
Tin= 477,15K
∆H1
∆H2
=298,15 K
∆HR0
INPUT
T = 204 C = 477,15 K
Tr = 250C = 298,15 K
Hidrogen (H2)
= 5205,2397 Kj/kmol
QH2 = m .CpdT
= 1231244,5746 Kj/jam
C-16
Benzena (C6H6)
= -31,368 + +(
]dT
= 19744,0701 kJ/kmol
Q C6H6 = m. Cp.dT
= 1334357,6011 kJ/jam
Toluena (C7H8)
= 24427,4203 kJ/kmol
QC7H8 = m. Cp.dT
= 1401,0526 kJ/jam
Persamaan Reaksi :
Data harga (∆Hf0) untuk masing-masing komponen pada 298 K (Yaws, 1999) :
C-17
(∆Hf0) C6H6 = 82,9 kJ/jam
(∆Hf0) H2 = 0 kJ/jam
= –206,3 kJ/mol
= -206.300 kJ/kmol
= -13928369,0684 kJ
Q = - ∆Hf0 = 13928369,0684 kJ
OUTPUT
T = 214 0C = 487,15K
Hidrogen (H2)
= 5498,1442 Kj/kmol
QH2 = m .CpdT
= 186904,4586 Kj/jam
Benzena (C6H6)
C-18
= -31,368 + +(
]dT
Q C6H6 = m. Cp.dT
= 1425,3446 kJ/jam
Toluena (C7H8)
= 26079,7763 kJ/kmol
QC7H8 = m. Cp.dT
= 1495,8247 kJ/jam
C-19
Cyclohexane (C6H12)
10]dT
= 27243,7719 kJ/kmol
QC6H12 = m. Cp.Dt
= 1839366,5047 Kj/jam
Cp = 1,5993 kJ/kg.K
= 14466180,1641 kJ/jam
Cp dowterm A = 1,5993 kJ/Kg.K (max S Peters “plant design and economics for
chemical engineering)
C-20
Densitas dowterm = 1051,6121 kg/m3
Qp = mp . Cp. ∆T
Fungsi : Menurunkan tekanan produk Reaktor dari 30 atm menjadi 5,2 atm
arus 5a
P1 = 30 atm
T1 = 214C
Keterangan :
C-21
Neraca Panas :
Output (Q5b)
T = 153 C = 426,15 K
Tref = 25 C = 298,15 K
Hidrogen (H2)
= 3714,2416 Kj/kmol
QH2 = m .CpdT
= 33,9941kmol/jam x 3714,2416Kj/jam
= 126262,2969 Kj/jam
Benzena (C6H6)
= -31,368 + +(
]dT
= 13253,4508 kJ/kmol
Q C6H6 = m. Cp.dT
= 895,7040 kJ/jam
Toluena (C7H8)
= 16447,5234 kJ/kmol
QC7H8 = m. Cp.dT
C-22
= 943,3598 kJ/jam
Cyclohexane (C6H12)
10]dT
= 16958,4986 kJ/kmol
QC6H12 = m. Cp.Dt
= 1144955,0525 Kj/jam
Neraca Panas :
Q 5a 2029192,1325 0
Q5b 0 1273056,4131
Q loss 0 756135,7194
C-23
6. Neraca Panas Kondensor Parsial
Q5
Q6
Keterangan :
Q masuk = Q keluar
INPUT
Arus 5
T = 153oC = 426,15 K
C-24
OUTPUT
Arus 6
T = 35OC = 308,15 K
Diketahui
= 5539,7788 kg/jam
Pada T = 35OC
.λ = H1- Hv
C-25
λ = 804,7495 kj/kg - 2784,5476 Kj/kg
= -1979,79816 kj/kg
= -10967643,8019 kJ/jam
Qcw out
= 12122253,2080 kJ/jam
Untuk menyerap panas tersebut maka dibutuhkan cooling water dengan kondisi :
= 10729,3345 kmol/jam
= 193128,0214 kg/jam
Qcw in = massa x
= 4172290,5647 kJ/jam
Q6
T = 350C S-01
Q8
T=300C
Keterangan :
Input :
Q6 = 118757,4268 kJ/jam
C-27
Output :
Q7
T = 30O C = 308,15 K
Hidrogen (H2)
= 143,9370 Kj/kmol
QH2 = m .CpdT
= 4893,0097 Kj/jam
Benzena (C6H6)
= -31,368 + +(
]dT
= 428,0148 kJ/kmol
Q C6H6 = m. Cp.dT
= 0,5871 kJ/jam
Toluena (C7H8)
= 16447,5234 kJ/kmol
QC7H8 = m. Cp.dT
= 0,2034 kJ/jam
C-28
Cyclohexane (C6H12)
1,90E10]dT
= 544,9447 kJ/kmol
QC6H12 = m. Cp.Dt
= 920,5520 Kj/jam
Q8
Benzena (C6H6)
= 683,4255 kJ/kmol
Q C6H6 = m. Cp.dT
= 45,2503 kJ/jam
Toluena (C7H8)
C-29
= 789,9720 kJ/kmol
Q C7H8 = m. Cp.dT
= 45,0108 kJ/jam
Cyclohexane (C6H12)
10]dT
= 809,6732 kJ/kmol
QC6H12 = m. Cp.Dt
= 53297,4341 Kj/jam
= 59555,3796 kJ/jam
C-30
Tabel.C.29 Neraca Panas pada Seprator 01
Q6 118757,4268 0
Q7 0 5814,3521
Q8 0 53387,6951
Qloss 0 59555,3796
INPUT
C-31
Qsteam = Qout-Qin
= 15516,1612 - 921,3424
= 14594,8187 Kj/jam
Cooler
Q(9b)
Keterangan :
C-32
Q(9a):
T in = 100oC =373,15 K
Benzena (C6H6)
= -31,368 + +(
]dT
= 7205,9059 kJ/kmol
Q C6H6 = m. Cp.dT
= 9,8841 kJ/jam
Toluena (C7H8)
= 8981,9394 kJ/kmol
QC7H8 = m. Cp.dT
= 3,3958 kJ/jam
Cyclohexane (C6H12)
10]dT
= 9177,3335 kJ/kmol
QC6H12 = m. Cp.Dt
= 15502,8812 Kj/jam
Q(9b) :
Benzena (C6H6)
C-33
= -31,368 + +(
]dT
= 568,5751 kJ/kmol
Q C6H6 = m. Cp.dT
= 0,7799 kJ/jam
Toluena (C7H8)
= 672,5794 kJ/kmol
QC7H8 = m. Cp.dT
= 0,2543 kJ/jam
Cyclohexane (C6H12)
10]dT
= 302,2408 kJ/kmol
QC6H12 = m. Cp.Dt
= 510,5626 Kj/jam
= 15516,1612 - 511,5968
= 15004,5644 kJ/jam
Untuk menyerap panas tersebut maka dibutuhkan cooling water dengan kondisi :
C-34
Tout = 45oC= = 1.518,6910 kJ/kmol, Maka ʃ Cp H2O dT
= 1129,8234 Kj/kmol
C-35