BAB IV

NERACA MASSA DAN NERACA ENERGI

4.1 Neraca Massa

4.1.1 Neraca Massa Overall
4.1.2 Neraca Massa Komponen

4.1.2.1 Crusher
<2>
<1>
Crusher

Gambar 4.2 Sistem rotary dryer

Tabel 4.2 Neraca Massa Sistem Crusher

Arus Masuk (kg/jam) Arus Keluar (kg/jam)

Komponen
<1> <2>
Air 509.91251 509.91

Hidrogen 0 0

Pati 3733.5392 3733.5

Serat 543.11294 543.11

Abu 4.0830062 4.083

Protein 8.5632685 8.5633

Lemak 42.67097 42.671

Kalsium Klorida 0 0

Dekstrin 0 0

Glukoamilase 0 0

a-amilase 0 0

Glukosa 0 0
 Sorbitol 0 0

Asam Klorida 0 0

Air 509.91251 509.91

Sub total 4853.5361 4853.5

Total 4853.5361 4853.5

4.1.2.2 Filter Press

<3>

Filter Press
<2> <4>

<5>
Gambar 4.3 Sistem rotary dryer

Tabel 4.2 Neraca Massa Sistem Rotary Dryer

Arus Masuk (kg/jam) Arus Keluar (kg/jam)

Komponen
<2> <3> <4> <5>
Air 509.91251 14559 15050.43 18.97

Hidrogen 0 0 0 0

Pati 3733.5392 0 3546.862 186.68

Serat 543.11294 0 27.15565 515.96

Abu 4.0830062 0 0.20415 3.8789

Protein 8.5632685 0 8.563269 0

Lemak 42.67097 0 42.67097 0

Kalsium Klorida 0 0 0 0

Dekstrin 0 0 0 0

Glukoamilase 0 0 0 0

a-amilase 0 0 0 0
 Glukosa 0 0 0 0

Sorbitol 0 0 0 0

Asam Klorida 0 0 0 0

Sub total 4841.8819 14559 18675.88 725.48

Total 19401.36479 19401.36479

4.1.2.3 Reaktor Liquifikasi

<7> <6>

Reaktor
Liquifikasi
<4> <8>

Gambar 4.3 Sistem rotary dryer

Tabel 4.3 Neraca Massa Sistem Reaktor Liquifikasi

Arus
Arus Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar
Komponen (kg/jam)
<4> <6> <7> <8>
Air 15050.425 0 0 14923

Hidrogen 0 0 0 0

Pati 3546.8622 0 0 106.406

Serat 27.155647 0 0 27.1556

Abu 0.2041503 0 0 0.20415

Protein 8.5632685 0 0 8.56327

Lemak 42.67097 0 0 42.671

Kalsium Klorida 0 0 3.546862 3.54686

 Dekstrin 0 0 0 3567.88

Glukoamilase 0 0 0 0

a-amilase 0 3.1035 0 3.1035

Glukosa 0 0 0 0

Sorbitol 0 0 0 0

Asam Klorida 0 0 0 0

Sub total 18675.882 3.1035 3.546862 18682.5

Total 19401.36479 19401.36479

4.1.2.4 Reaktor Sakarifikasi

<9> <10>

Reaktor
Sakarifikasi
<8> <11>
>
Gambar 4.4 Sistem Reaktor Sakarifikasi

Tabel 4.4 Neraca Massa Sistem Reaktor Sakarifikasi

Arus
Arus Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar
Komponen (kg/jam)
<8> <9> <10> <11>
Air 14923.001 0.429 0 14671

Hidrogen 0 0 0

Pati 106.40587 0 0 106.41

Serat 27.155647 0 0 27.156

Abu 0.2041503 0 0 0.2042

Protein 8.5632685 0 0 8.5633

 Lemak 42.67097 0 0 42.671

Kalsium Klorida 3.5468622 0 0 6.1563

Dekstrin 3567.8807 0 0 35.679

Glukoamilase 0 0.532029 0.532

a-amilase 44.769003 0 0 44.769

Glukosa 0 0 3784.5

Sorbitol 0 0

Asam Klorida 1.7161 0 1.7161

Sub total 18724.198 2.1452 0.532029 18729

Total 18728.61442 18728.61442

4.1.2.5 Rotary Vacuum Filter

Rotary Vacuum
Filter
<11 <13>
>
<12>

Gambar 4.5 Sistem Rotary Vacuum Filter

Tabel 4.5 Neraca Massa Sistem Rotary Vacuum Filter

Arus Masuk (kg/jam) Arus Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen
<11> <12> <13>
Air 14671.13 73.356 14597.77

Hidrogen 0 0 0

Pati 106.40587 95.765 10.64059

Serat 27.155647 24.44 2.715565

Abu 0.2041503 0.1837 0.020415

 Protein 8.5632685 0 8.563269

Lemak 42.67097 0 42.67097

Kalsium Klorida 6.1563432 0 6.156343

Dekstrin 35.678807 0 35.67881

Glukoamilase 0.5320293 0 0.532029

a-amilase 44.769003 0 44.769

Glukosa 3784.502 0 3784.502

Sorbitol 0 0 0

Asam Klorida 1.7161451 1.716145

18729.484 193.74 18535.74

sub total
18729.48425 18729.48425
Total

4.1.2.6 Membran Mikrofiltrasi

Membran
Mikrofiltrasi
<13> <15>
>
<14>

Gambar 4.6 Sistem Membran Mikrofiltrasi

Tabel 4.6 Neraca Massa Sistem Membran Mikrofiltrasi

Arus Masuk (kg/jam) Arus Keluar (kg/jam)

Komponen
<13> <14> <15>
Air 14597.774 0 14597.77

Hidrogen 0 0 0

Pati 10.640587 9.5765 1.064059

Serat 2.7155647 2.444 0.271556

Abu 0.020415 0.0184 0.002042

 Protein 8.5632685 7.7069 0.856327

Lemak 42.67097 38.404 4.267097

Kalsium Klorida 6.1563432 6.156343

Dekstrin 35.678807 35.67881

Glukoamilase 0.5320293 0.532 0

a-amilase 44.769003 44.769 0

Glukosa 3784.502 3784.502

Sorbitol 0 0

Asam Klorida 1.7161451 1.716145

18535.739 103.45 18432.29

sub total
18535.7395 18535.7395
Total

4.1.2.7 Kation Exchanger

Kation
Exchanger
<15> <17>
>
<16>

Gambar 4.7 Sistem Kation Exchanger

Tabel 4.7 Neraca Massa Sistem Kation Exchanger

Arus Masuk (kg/jam) Arus Keluar (kg/jam)

Komponen
<15> <16> <17>
Air 14597.774 0 14598

Hidrogen 0 0 0

Pati 1.0640587 0 1.0641

Serat 0.2715565 0 0.2716

Abu 0.0020415 0 0.002

 Protein 0.8563269 0 0.8563

Lemak 4.267097 0 4.2671

Kalsium Klorida 6.1563432 0 0.3078

Dekstrin 35.678807 0 35.679

Glukoamilase 0 0 0

a-amilase 0 0 0

Glukosa 3784.502 0 3784.5

Sorbitol 0 0 0

Asam Klorida 1.7161451 0 0.0858

Ca+ 0 2.107577 0

Cl- 0 0 5.3266

H+ 0 0.044667 0

18432.289 2.152244 18430

sub total
18432.28874 18432.28874
Total

4.1.2.8 Anion Exchanger

Anion
Exchanger <19>
<17>
>
<18>

Gambar 4.8 Sistem Anion Exchanger

 Tabel 4.8 Neraca Massa Sistem Anion Exchanger

Arus Masuk (kg/jam) Arus Keluar (kg/jam)

Komponen
<17> <18> <19>
Air 14597.774 0 14598

Hidrogen 0 0 0

Pati 1.0640587 0 1.0641

Serat 0.2715565 0 0.2716

Abu 0.0020415 0 0.002

Protein 0.8563269 0 0.8563

Lemak 4.267097 0 4.2671

Kalsium Klorida 0.3078172 0 0.3078

Dekstrin 35.678807 0 35.679

Glukoamilase 0 0 0

a-amilase 0 0 0

Glukosa 3784.502 0 3784.5

Sorbitol 0 0 0

Asam Klorida 0 0 0

Ca+ 0 0 0

Cl- 5.3266202 5.32662 0

H+ 0 0 0

18430.051 5.32662 18425

sub total

18430.05069 18430.05069
Total
4.1.2.9 Evaporator Effect 1

Evaporator
Effect 1 <21>
<19>
>
<20>

Gambar 4.9 Sistem Evaporator Effect 1

Tabel 4.9 Neraca Massa Sistem Evaporator Effect 1

Arus Masuk (kg/jam) Arus Keluar (kg/jam)

Komponen
<19> <20> <21>
Air 14597.774 7664.6 6933.21

Hidrogen 0 0 0.00

Pati 1.0640587 0 1.06

Serat 0.2715565 0 0.27

Abu 0.0020415 0 0.00

Protein 0.8563269 0 0.86

Lemak 4.267097 0 4.27

Kalsium Klorida 0.3078172 0 0.31

Dekstrin 35.678807 0 35.68

Glukoamilase 0 0 0.00

a-amilase 0 0 0.00

Glukosa 3784.502 0 3784.50

Sorbitol 0 0 0.00

Asam Klorida 0 0 0.00

Ca+ 0 0 0.00

Cl- 0 0 0.00

H+ 0 0.000006 0.00
 18424.724 7664.6 10760.16
sub total

18424.72407 18424.72407
Total

4.1.2.10 Evaporator Effect 2

Evaporator
Effect 2 <23>
<21>
>
<22>

Gambar 4.10 Sistem Evaporator Effect 2

Tabel 4.10 Neraca Massa Sistem Evaporator Effect 2

Arus Masuk (kg/jam) Arus Keluar (kg/jam)

Komponen
<21> <22> <23>
Air 6933.21 3201.7 3731.51

Hidrogen 0.00 0 0.00

Pati 1.06 0 1.06

Serat 0.27 0 0.27

Abu 0.002 0 0.00

Protein 0.86 0 0.86

Lemak 4.27 0 4.27

Kalsium Klorida 0.31 0 0.31

Dekstrin 35.68 0 35.68

Glukoamilase 0.00 0 0.00

a-amilase 0.00 0 0.00

Glukosa 3784.50 0 3784.50

Sorbitol 0.00 0 0.00

 Asam Klorida 0 0 0.00

Ca+ 0 0 0.00

Cl- 0 0 0.00

H+ 0. 0.00000008 0.00

10760.157 3201.7 7558.46

sub total

10760.1573 10760.1573
Total

4.1.2.11 Reaktor Hidrogenasi

<24> <25>

Reaktor
Hidrogenasi
<23 <26>
>
Gambar 4.11 Sistem Reaktor Hidrogenasi

Tabel 4.11 Neraca Massa Sistem Reaktor Hidrogenasi

Arus
Arus Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar
Komponen (kg/jam)
<23> <24> <25> <26>
Air 6933.21 0 0 6933.21

Hidrogen 0 41.209 4.579 4.6

Pati 1.06 0 0 1.1

Serat 0.27 0 0 0.3

Abu 0 0 0 0.0000

Protein 0.86 0 0 0.9

Lemak 4.27 0 0 4.3

Kalsium Klorida 0 0 0 0
 Dekstrin 35.68 0 0 36

Glukoamilase 0 0 0 0

a-amilase 0 0 0 0

Glukosa 3784.50 0 0 75.69

Sorbitol 0 0 0 3750.02

Asam Klorida 0 0 0 0

Nikel 0 0 0 0

Sub total 10759.84 41.209 4.579 10805.6

Total 10805.635 10805.635

4.1.2.12 Flash Drum

<25>

Flash Drum
<26> <27>
>
Gambar 4.12 Sistem Flash Drum

Tabel 4.12 Neraca Massa Sistem Flash Drum

Arus Masuk (kg/jam) Arus Keluar (kg/jam)

Komponen
<26> <25> <27>
Air 6933.2076 0 6933.208

Hidrogen 4.6 4.5788 0

Pati 1.1 0 1.064059

Serat 0.3 0 0.271556

Abu 0 0 0

Protein 0 0 0

Lemak 0 0 0

Kalsium Klorida 0 0 0
 Dekstrin 36 0 35.67881

Glukoamilase 0 0 0

a-amilase 0 0 0

Glukosa 76 0 75.69004

Sorbitol 3750 0 3750.021

Asam Klorida 0 0 0

Ca+ 0 0 0

Cl- 0 0 0

H+ 6933.2076 0 6933.208

6939.122 4.5788 6934.543

sub total

6939.121979 6939.121979
Total

4.1.2.13 Spray Dryer

<28>

Spray Dryer
<27> <29>
>
Gambar 4.13 Sistem Spray Dryer

Tabel 4.13 Neraca Massa Sistem Spray Dryer

Arus Masuk (kg/jam) Arus Keluar (kg/jam)

Komponen
<27> <28> <29>
Air 6933.2076 6930 3.224947

Hidrogen 0 0 0

Pati 1.0640587 0 1.064059

Serat 0.2715565 0 0.271556

Abu 0 0 0
 Protein 0 0 0

Lemak 0 0 0

Kalsium Klorida 0 0 0

Dekstrin 35.678807 0 35.67881

Glukoamilase 0 0 0

a-amilase 0 0 0

Glukosa 75.69004 0 75.69004

Sorbitol 3750.021 0 3750.021

Asam Klorida 0 0 0

Ca+ 0 0 0

Cl- 0 0 0

H+ 0 0 0

10795.933 6930 3865.95

sub total

10795.93305 10795.93305
Total

4.2 Neraca Energi

Perhitungan neraca energi merupakan prinsip dasar dalam perancangan desain
pabrik kimia. Berdasarkan neraca energi, dapat digunakan sebagai penentu
kebutuhan utilitas (listrik dan air pendingin) untuk proses dalam pabrik. Dalam
perhitungan ini berlaku teori hukum kekekalan energi dengan asumsi bahwa aliran
steady state. Data-data perencanaan produksi :
Kapasitas Produksi Sorbitol : 30.000 ton/tahun
Hari Kerja : 330 hari
Jam Kerja : 24 jam
Jumlah Produksi : 3.865 kg/jam
Basis Perhitungan : 1 jam operasi
Satuan Panas : kilo Joule (kJ)
Trefference : 25oC (298 K
4.2.1 Cooker

Cooker
∆H3 ∆H4

Gambar 4.14 Sistem Cooker

Tabel 4.14 Neraca Energi Sistem Cooker

ΔH in (kJ/Jam) ΔH out (kJ/Jam)

8.926.892 8.926.892
ΔH3 ΔH4

Total 8.926.892 Total 8.926.892

4.2.2 Reaktor Liquifikasi

∆H5
Reaktor
Liquifikasi
∆H4
∆Hcw
Gambar 4.15 Sistem Reaktor Liquifikasi

Tabel 4.15 Neraca Energi Sistem Reaktor Liquifikasi

ΔH in (kJ/Jam) ΔH out (kJ/Jam)

1,062,979
ΔHcw
10,695,915
ΔH4
9,632,935
ΔH5

Total 10,695,915 Total 10,695,915

4.2.3 Cooler

∆H6

Cooler
∆H5
∆Hcw

Gambar 4.16 Sistem Cooler

 Tabel 4.16 Neraca Energi Sistem Cooler

ΔH in (kJ/Jam) ΔH out (kJ/Jam)

ΔHcw 3,593,636
8,853,004
ΔH6

ΔH7 5,246,404

8,853,004 8,853,004
Total Total

4.2.4 Reaktor Sakarifikasi

∆H8
Reaktor
Sakarifikasi
∆H7
∆Hcw

Gambar 4.16 Sistem Reaktor Sakarifikasi

Tabel 4.16 Neraca Energi Sistem Reaktor Sakarifikasi

ΔH in (kJ/Jam) ΔH out (kJ/Jam)

ΔH8 5,192,558

ΔH7 6,165,734

ΔHcw
973,176

6,165,734 6,165,734
Total Total

4.2.5 Evaporator 1
∆H10

Evaporator 1
∆H9
∆Hcw
Gambar 4.17 Sistem Evaporator 1
 Tabel 4.17 Neraca Energi Sistem Evaporator 1

ΔH in (kJ/Jam) ΔH out (kJ/Jam)

ΔH10 4,692,035
ΔH9 5,550,032

ΔHcw 973,176

5,550,032 5,550,032
Total Total

4.2.6 Evaporator 2

∆H10
∆H11
Evaporator 2
∆Hcw
Gambar 4.18 Sistem Evaporator 2

Tabel 4.18 Neraca Energi Sistem Evaporator 2

ΔH in (kJ/Jam) ΔH out (kJ/Jam)

ΔH10 4,692,035
ΔH11 7,104,572

2,412,537
ΔHcw
7,104,572 7,104,572
Total Total

4.2.7 Heater
∆H11
∆H12
Heater
∆HQ
Gambar 4.19 Sistem Heater
 Tabel 4.19 Neraca Energi Sistem Heater

ΔH in (kJ/Jam) ΔH out (kJ/Jam)

ΔH11 5,112,950
ΔH12 7,105,540

1,992,590
ΔHQ

Total 7,105,540 Total 7,105,540

4.2.8 Reaktor Hidrogenasi

∆H13
Reaktor
Hidrogenasi
∆H12
∆Hcom

Gambar 4.19 Sistem Reaktor Hidrogenasi

Tabel 4.19 Neraca Energi Sistem Evaporator 1

ΔH in (kJ/Jam) ΔH out (kJ/Jam)

ΔH13 6,894,496
ΔH12

10,688,542

ΔHcom 3,794,046

10,688,542 10,688,542
Total Total