Lampiran Iii Spesifikasi Pralatan

LAMPIRAN III
PERHITUNGAN SPESIFIKASI ALAT
1. ACCUMULATOR - 01 (ACC-01)
Fungsi : Tempat menampung kondensat yang berasal dari condensor-01
Tipe : Silinder horizontal dengan penutup ellipsoidal
Gambar :
input
ACC - 01
output
Kondisi Operasi:
Tekanan = 0,6 atm
Temperatur = 82,767 oC
Laju alir = 93,448.729 kg/jam
Densitas = 304, 711 kg/m3
Residence Time = 5 menit
Perhitungan Desain Accumulator - 01

a. Kapasitas Accumulator, Vt
Volume liquid = Laju alir/Densitas x holding time
= (93,448.729 kg/jam)/(304, 711 kg/m3) x 0,083
jam
= 25,557 m3
Faktor keamanan = 10%
Kapasitas acc. = 1,1 x 25,557 m3
= 36,025 m3
b. Desain Ukuran Accumulator
 Volume Silinder, Vs

Vs =  D 2 .Lsilinder Lsilinder = 4.D
4
=  . D3
 Volume Ellipsoidal, Ve
( .D 3 )
Ve =
24
 Volume Total Accumulator, VT

VT = Vs + 2.Ve
( .D 3 )
= (  . D 3 ) + (2.( ))
24
= 3,402.D3
 Diameter Accumulator, D
VT acc
D = 3
3,402
28,112
= 3
3,402
= 2,022 m
Maka, Vs = 25,950 m3
Ve = 1,081 m3
VT = 28,112 m3
c. Panjang Accumulator
 Panjang Silinder
L = 4.D
= 4 . 2,022 m
= 8,087 m
 Panjang Ellipsoidal
1
h = D
4
1
=  2,022 m
4
= 0,505 m
 Panjang Total Accumulator, LT

LT = L + 2h
= (8,087 m + (2. 0,505 m))
= 9,098 m
d. Tebal Dinding Accumulator

 Ketebalan Dinding Bagian Head, thead
P . Da
t =  Cc
2.S .Ej  0,2.P
Dimana:
t = ketebalan dinding bagian head, m
P = tekanan design = 8,818 psi
Da = diameter vessel = 79,598 in
S = working stress yang diizinkan = 13.700 psi
C = faktor korosi yang diizinkan = 0,013 in
Ej = faktor efisiensi pengelasan = 0,850
Maka didapatkan:
(8,818 psi )(79,598 in )
t =  0,013 in
(2 x13.700 x0,85)  (0,2  x8,818 psi )
= 0,028 in
= 0,001 m
 Ketebalan Dinding Bagian Silinder, tsilinder

P . ri
t =  Cc
S .Ej  0,6.P
Dimana:
ri = 49,028 in
Maka didapatkan:
(8,818 psi )(79,598in )
t =  0,013 in
(13.700  0,85)  (0,6  8,818 psi )
= 0,028 in
= 0,001 m
OD = ID + 2.tsilinder
= (2,022 + (2. 0,001)) m
= 2,023 m
Ringkasan spesifikasi Accumulator-01 (ACC-01)

IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Accumulator-01
Kode ACC-01
Jumlah 1 buah
Fungsi Menampung kondensat dari condensor-01
DATA DESAIN
Tipe Silinder horizontal dengan ellipsoidal head
Kapasitas 25,557 m3
Tekanan 0,600 atm
Temperatur 82,767 oC
Diameter 2,022 m
Panjang 9,098 m
Tebal Dinding 0,001 m
Bahan Konstruksi Carbon steel
Dengan Perhitungan yang sama untuk Accumulator selanjutnya analog dengan
perhitungan Accumulator ACC-01.
2. ACCUMULATOR - 02 (ACC-02)
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Accumulator-02
Kode ACC-02
Jumlah 1 buah
Fungsi Menampung kondensat dari condensor-02
DATA DESAIN
Tipe Silinder horizontal dengan ellipsoidal head
Kapasitas 4,469 m3
Tekanan 0,370 atm
Diameter 1,131 m
Panjang 5,087 m
3. ADSORBER-01 (AD-01/02)
Fungsi : Untuk menghilangkan atau menyerap kandungan H2O
keluaran dari Kolom Destilasi-01 (KD-01)
Tipe : Silinder vertikal dengan ujung ellipsoidal
Gambar :
a. Data
Temperatur, T =82,767 °C
Tekanan, P = 0,6 atm
kg
Laju alir massa, W = 42931,198
jam
kg
Densitas campuran = 0,928
m3
Adsorbtion time = 0,500 jam
b. Kapasitas Kolom, Vk
Laju alir massa × t
V =
Densitas
= 23141,008 m3
Vk = (1 + f) × k
= 25455,109 m3
c. Volume Packing, Vp
Dalam adsorber-01/02 ini diharapkan bahwa semua H2O yang terdapat
di dalam produk keluaran Kolom destilasi-01 dapat terserap seluruhnya
sehingga tidak ada vapor H2O yang akan terbawa karena dikhawatirkan
terjadinya reaksi balik. Kemampuan penyerapan silica gel terhadap H2O yang
dihasilkan adalah 420,656 kg silica gel/kg H2O. Sedangkan untuk menentukan
Volume Packing (Vp) yang dibutuhkan yaitu:
Diketahui jumlah uap air yang akan di serap sebesar 2148,416 kg dan
faktor penyerapan (Fa) adalah 0,014 maka jumlah adsorben yang digunakan:
Wp = Fa × Wa
= 323,582 kg
Excess silica gel = 97,074 kg
Total silica gel = Wp + excess zeolit
= 323,582 kg + 97,074 kg
= 425,656 kg
Sehingga untuk kebutuhan penyerapan 8 jam, dibutuhkan silica gel sebanyak:
Wpt = Total silica gel x 8 jam
= 425,656 kg x 8 jam
= 3365,248 kg
Volume packing, Vp
Wpt
Vp = (Pers. 16.4 Perry, 1997)
ρcampuran
= 3627,908 m3
Tinggi packing,
4 × Vp
Tp =
π × D2
= 31,870 m
Pemasangan bed Packing yakni 7,484 meter di atas dasar Adsorber (Muklis,
2012).
d. Volume Total Desiccantor
Volume total = Vk + Vp
= 398,631 m3
e. Diameter Kolom Adsorber
(Tabel 10-64, Volume of Partially Filled Horizontal Cylinder, Perry, 1997)
Volume bagian Silinder, Vs
3
Vs = π Dt2 Hs Hs = Dt
2
3
= π Dt2 ( Dt)
2
3
= π Dt3
8
Volume bagian Ellipsoidal, VE (Treyball, Pers. 3.9, 1981)
π 1
VE = Dt2 He He = Dt
6 4
π 1
= Dt2 ( Dt)
6 4
π
= Dt3
12
Sehingga,
Vt = Vs + Ve
= 1,440 Dt3
Dt = (Vt/1,440)1/3
Dt = 12,042 m
Sehingga, jari-jari tangki (R) = 6,021 m
f. Tinggi Tangki
Tinggi silinder, Hs
3
Hs = Dt
2
= 15,063 m
Tinggi ellipsoidal, He
1
He = Dt
4
= 3,011 m
Tinggi Total, Ht = Hs + He
= 18,074 m
g. Tebal Dinding
P×D
t =( )+C (Tabel. 4, Peters and Timmerhaus)
2 S E - 0,2 P
Dimana :
Tekanan design, P = 0,6 atm
Diameter vessel, D = 12,042 m
Working stress allowable, S = 932,230 m
Joint efficiency, E = 0,850 m
Korosi maksimum, C = 0,0003 m
P×D
t =( )+C
2 S E - 0,2 P
t = 0,005 m = 0,489 cm
h. Outside Diameter
OD = D + 2t
= 12,052 m
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Adsorber-01 (DS-01/02)
Kode AD-01
Jumlah 1 buah
Fungsi Untuk menyerap air keluaran dari kolom destilasi-01
DATA DESAIN
Tipe Silinder vertikal dengan ujung ellipsoidal
Kapasitas 3627,908 m3
Adsorben Silica Gel
Tekanan 0,600 atm
Diameter 12,042 m
Tinggi 18,074 m
4. CONDENSER - 01 (CD-01)
Fungsi : Mengkondesasikan Top produk KD-01
Tipe : Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Gambar :
Aliran inlet
Shell
Tube
Rear End
Head
Aliran outlet
Water in
Fluida Panas : Top produk KD-01

W = 93.448,729 kg/hr = 206. 018,938 lb/hr
T1 = 82,767 oC = 180,981 oF
T2 = 82,767 oC = 180,981 oF
Fluida Dingin : Air
w = 297.253,863 kg/hr = 655.331.811 lb/hr
t1 = 28oC = 82,4oF
t2 = 50oC = 122oF
Perhitungan design sesuai dengan literatur pada buku Donald Q. Kern (1965).
1. Beban Panas CD-01
Q = 27.374.702,744 kJ/hr
= 25.702.434,670 Btu/hr
2. LMTD
Fluida Panas (oF) Fluida Dingin (oF) Selisih
180,981 Suhu tinggi 122,000 58,981
180,981 Suhu rendah 82,400 98,581
Selisih -39,6
t 2  t1
LMTD =
ln (t 2 / t1 )
= 77.094 oF
Ft =1 (Fig.18, Kern)
t = 77.094 oF
3. Temperatur Rata-rata
T1  T 2
Tavg =
2
= 180.981 oF
t1  t 2
tavg =
2
= 102,200 oF
4. Menentukan luas daerah perpindahan panas

Asumsi UD = 210 Btu/hr.ft2.oF (Tabel 8, Kern)
Q
A =
U D . t
25.702.434,670
=
150  47,697
= 2,932.691 ft2
Karena A > 200 ft2, maka digunakan Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger
5. Spesifikasi tube dan shell

 Tube Side = Aliran top produk KD-01
Panjang tube (L) = 19 ft
Outside Diameter (OD) = 1 in
BWG = 18
Pass =2
a” = 0,262 ft2/lin ft
A
Jumlah tube, Nt =
L x a"
2,932.691
=
19  0,262
= 589,580
Dari tabel.9 Kern, didapat nilai yang mendekati Nt perhitungan adalah
Nt = 589,580
 Corrected Coefficient, UD
A = Nt x L x a''
= 589,580 x 19 ft x 0,262 ft2
= 2,932.691
Q
UD =
U D . t
= 149,319
karena nilai Ud perhitungan mendekati nilai Ud asumsi, maka data untuk

shell :
Shell = Air/pendingin
ID = 39 inch (Tabel 9, Kern)
Baffle Space (B = ID/5) = 19,5 inch
Pass =2
Pt = 1,25 in triangular pitch
6. Perhitungan desain bagian tube

 Flow Area/tube, a’t
a’t = 0,902 in2 (Tabel 10, Kern)
Nt  a ' t
at = (Pers. 7.48, Kern)
144  n
589,580  0,902
=
144  2
= 1,882 ft2
 Laju Alir, Gt
Gt = W/at
206.018,938
=
1,882
= 109.450,484 lb/hr.ft2
 Bilangan Reynold, Ret
μ = 0,010 cp = 0,025 lb/ft hr
ID = 0,902 inch = 0,075 ft (Tabel 10, Kern)
Ret = ID.Gt/ μ
0,075 109.450,484 / 0,010
=
0,025
= 322.801,472
 Dengan L/D = 252,782 diperoleh

Jh = 600 (Fig.24, Kern)
 Nilai hi
CP = 15,678 Btu/lb.oF
k = 0,012 Btu/hr ft.oF
 c. 
  = 5,770
 k 
0 ,14
 k   Cp     
1/ 3
hi  J H      
 D  k   w 
0 ,14
  
Koreksi viskositas diabaikan, karena   =1
 w 
 0,012 
= 252,782    3,491
1/ 3
hi
 0,075 
= 140,728 Btu/hr ft2 oF
hio = hi x ID/OD (Pers. 6.5, Kern)
= 126,937Btu/hr.ft2.oF
7. Perhitungan desain bagian shell
ID = Diameter dalam shell = 39 in
B = Baffle spacing = 19,5 in
Pt = tube pitch = 1,25 in
C’ = Clearance = Pt – OD
= 1,25 – 1
= 0,250 in
 Flow Area, as
as = ID x C’B/144 PT
39  0,250  19,5
=
144 1,25
= 1,056 ft2
 Laju Alir, Gs
Gs = w/as
655,331.811
=
1,056
= 620,432.484 lb/hr.ft2
 Bilangan Reynold, Res
de = 0,902 in (Fiq.28 Kern)
De (Equivalent diameter) = 0,06 ft
μ = 0,011 cp = 0,025 lb/ft hr
GS De
Res =

620,432..484 x0,060
=
0,282
= 132 ,158.142
Maka:
jH = 140 (Fig.28, Kern)
 Nilai ho
Cp = 176,447 Btu/lb.oF
1
 Cp.  3
  = 5,770
 k 
Koreksi viskositas diabaikan karena tidak significant, maka diperoleh :

ho = jH . (k/De). (Cpμ/k)1/3\
0,259
= 140 x x14,262
0,06
= 398,871 Btu / hr ft2 oF
8. Clean Overall Coefficient, UC

hio  ho
UC =
hio  ho
126,937 x398,871
=
126,937  398,871
= 96,293 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
9. Dirt Factor, Rd
U C U D
Rd =
U C U D
146,319  96,293
=
149,319 x96,293
= 0,004 hr.ft2.oF/Btu
10. Pressure drop

 Bagian tube
Untuk NRe = 322,801.472
Faktor friksi = 0,00012 (Fig 26, Kern)

s = 0,108
f Gt 2 L n
ΔPt =
5, 22 x 10 10 x De s f t
0,00012 x109,450.484 2 x19 x(2)
=
5,22  1010 x0,075x0,108x1
= 0,129 psi
V2 / 2g = 0,004 (Fig 27, Kern)
ΔPr = ( 4n/s ) ( V2/2g )

= 0,149 Psi
ΔPT = ΔPt + ΔPr
= 0,129 psi + 0,149Psi
= 0,278 psi
 Shell Side
Re = 132,158.142
f = 0,0005 (Fig.29, Kern)
N+1 = 12 L / B
= 12 x (228/19,5)
= 140,308
Ds = 3,250 ft
s =1
fGs2 Ds ( N  1)
ΔPs =
5,22 1010 Desf s
0,0005x620,432.484 2 x3,250 x(140,308)

5,22  1010 x0,060 x1
= 0,028 psi
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Condenser – 01
Kode CD – 01
Jumlah 1
Fungsi Untuk mengkondensasikan top KD – 01
Tipe Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
DATA DESAIN
Uc 96,293 Btu/hr ft2 oF
Ud 149,319 Btu/hr ft2 oF
Rd Calculated 0,004 hr ft2 oF/Btu
TUBE SIDE
Length 19 Ft
OD 1 In
Passes 2
BWG 18
Pitch 1,250 in Triangular Pitch
Nt 601 tubes
ΔPT 0,278 Psi
SHELL SIDE
ID 39 in
B 19,5 in
Passes 2
ΔPs 0,028 psi
Dengan Perhitungan yang sama untuk Accumulator selanjutnya analog dengan
perhitungan Condenser-01 (CD-01).
5. CONDENSER - 02 (CD-02)
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Condensor – 02
Kode CD – 02
Jumlah 1
Fungsi Untuk mengkondensasikan top KD – 02
DATA DESAIN
TUBE SIDE
Length 12,550 Ft
OD 1 In
Passes 2
BWG 18
Nt 605 tubes
ΔPT 10,440 Psi
SHELL SIDE
ID 37 in
B 18,5 in
Passes 2
ΔPs 2,407 psi
6. COOLER - 01 (C-01)
Fungsi : Menurunkan suhu keluaran R-01 menuju PC-01
Tipe : Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Gambar :
Fluida Panas : Keluaran R-01

W = 66804,593 kg/jam = 39441,925 lb/jam
T1 = 274,726 oC = 526,507 oF
T2 = 234,818 oC = 454,672 oF
Fluida Dingin : Air
W = 102249,854 kg/jam = 225422,0726 lb/jam
t1 = 28 oC = 82,4 oF
t2 = 50 oC = 122 oF
Perhitungan:
1. Beban Panas C-01
Q = 9416393,534 kJ/jam = 8925149,699 Btu/jam
2. LMTD
526,507 Suhu tinggi 122 404,507
454,672 Suhu rendah 82,4 372,272
Selisih 32,234
t 2  t1
LMTD = = 388,166 oF
ln (t 2 / t1 )
(Coulson & Richardson, 2005), Hal. 752
Ft = 1,000 (Coulson & Richardson, 2005), Grafik 12.19
Ft x LMTD = 388,166 oF
Tc = T avg = 490,590 oF
tc = t avg = 102 oF
Asumsi UD = 135 Btu/hr,ft2,oF (Kern, 1957), Tabel 8, Hal 840
A = Q
U D . t
A = 170,319 ft2
Karena A > 200 ft2, maka dipilih HE jenis Double Pipe Heat Exchanger,
Rencana Klasifikasi
Data Pipa Outer Pipe Inner Pipe
IPS (in) 10 8
SN 40 40
OD (in) 10,75 8,625
ID (in) 10,02 7,981
a” (ft2/ft) 2,814 2,258
Cold Fluid (Air) : Annulus

a. Flow Area, aa
D1 = 10,02 in = 0,835 ft
D2 = 8,625 in = 0,719 ft

aa = (D22 – D12) (Kern, 1957), Eq. 6.3
4

= (0,172 2 – 0,138 2) = 0,008 ft2
4
Equivalent Diameter, De
De =
D 2
2
 D1
2
 = 0,2513 ft
D1
b. Kecepatan Massa, Ga
Ga = W/aa
= 1589837,288 lb/hr,ft2
c. Reynold number, Re
Pada tavg = 102,2 oF
μ = 0,664 lb/hr ft
Rea = De,Ga/μ
0,2513 𝑥 1589837,288
= = 248636,841
0,664
JH = 600 (Kern, 1957), Fig. 24

k = 0,3642 Btu/hr.ft2(oF/ft)
cp = 0,0037 Btu/lb.oF
 c 
1
3
Pr =  
 k 
= 0,2533
d. Koefisien perpindahan panas
k  c 
1 0 ,14
3
  
ho = JH    
De  k   w 
= 220,258 Btu/hr,ft2,oF
Hot Fluid (Keluaran RB-02) : Inner Pipe
a. Flow Area, ap
D = 7,981 in = 0,6651 ft
 
ap = D2 = (0,6651)2 = 0,3472 ft2
4 4
b. Kecepatan Massa, Gp
Gp = w/ap = 424148,836 lb/hr ft2
Pada Tavg = 490,6 oF
μ = 0,0181 cP = 0,0438 lb/hr
Rep = D x Gp/μ
424148,836 x 7,981
= = 6436659,383
0,0181
JH = 1000 (Kern, 1957), Fig. 24
d. k = 0,0778 Btu/hr,ft2(oF/ft)
cp = 0,0026 Btu/lb,oF
 c 
1
3
Pr =  
 k 
= 0,1133
 c 
1 0 ,14
k 3
  
e. hi = JH    
De  k   w 
= 13,2618 Btu/hr,ft2,oF
f. Koreksi hi pada permukaan OD
hio = hi x ID/OD
= 12,2716 Btu/hr,ft2,oF
g. Clean Overall Coefficient, UC
hioxho
UC = = 11,624 Btu/hr,ft2,oF
hio  ho
h. Design Overall Coefficient, UD
1 1
  Rd (Kern, 1957), Eq. 6.10
U D UC
Rd ditentukan 0,002 untuk masa servis 1 tahun
1 1
= + 0,002
𝑈𝐷 𝑈𝐶
UD = 11,359 Btu/hr,ft2,oF
i. Required Length
Q
A = U . t
D
= 2024,057 ft2
Dari tabel 11 Kern, untuk 10-in IPS standard pipe, external surface/foot
length = 2,258 ft
2024,057 ft2
Required length = = 896,394 ft
2,258 ft
Diambil panjang 1 harpin = 20 ft

896,394
Jumlah harpin yang dibutuhkan = = 22,41
40
Maka, dipakai 22 harpin 20 ft
Actual Length = 22 x 20 ft x 2
= 896 ft
Actual Surface = L x a”
= 2024,0571 ft2
j. Actual Design Coefficient, UD
UD = Q
A. t
= 11,36 Btu/hr,ft2,oF
k. Dirt Factor, Rd
U C U D
Rd =
U C U D
= 0,002 hr,ft2,oF/Btu
PRESSURE DROP
Cold Fluid : Annulus
a. De’ = (D2 – D1)
= 0,1163 ft
NRe = 248636,8407
0,264
ƒ = 0,0035  (Eq, 3,47b, (Kern, 1957))
(Re a) 0, 42
= 0,0049
ρ = 61,94 lb/ft3
4 fGa2 L
b. Fa =
2 g 2 De
= 8,7453 ft
G
c. V = = 7,1298 ft/s
3600 
V 2 
Fl = 3 x   = 1,5787 ft
 2g 
( Fa  Fl ) 
Pa =
144
= 4,4408 psi
Hot Fluid: Inner Pipe

a. Rep = 6436659
0 , 264
ƒ 0 ,0035 
= 0,0039 (Eq, 3,47b, (Kern, 1957))
(Re p ) 0 , 42
ρ = 3,615 lb/ft3
4 fGp 2 L
b. ΔFp = 2 g D
2
= 343,0956 ft
Fp . 
Pp = 144
= 8,6131 psi
Identifikasi
Nama Alat Cooler-01
Kode Alat C-01
Ud 11,360 Btu/hr,ft2,oF
Rd 0,002 hr ft2 oF/Btu
Tipe Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Fungsi Menurunkan temperatur keluaran R-01
Jumlah 1 Unit
Inner Tube
Length 896 ft
OD 7,981 in
ΔPI 8,6131 psi
Outer Tube
ID 2,067 in
ΔPO 4,4408 psi
7. COOLER – 02 (C-02)
Tipe : Double Pipe Exchangers
Gambar :

W = 66804,593 kg/jam = 147278,7418 lb/jam
T1 = 234,818 oC = 454,672 oF
T2 = 194,910 oC = 382,838 oF
Fluida Dingin : Air
W = 99775,417 kg/jam = 219966,880 lb/jam
t1 = 28 oC = 82,4 oF
t2 = 50 oC = 122 oF
Perhitungan:
1. Beban Panas C-02
Q = 9188517,718 kJ/jam = 8709161,937 Btu/jam
2. LMTD
454,672 Suhu tinggi 122 322,672
382,838 Suhu rendah 82,4 300,438
Selisih 32,234
t 2  t1
LMTD = = 316,281 oF
ln (t 2 / t1 )
Tc = T avg = 418,755 oF
tc = t avg = 102 oF
Asumsi UD = 145 Btu/hr.ft2.oF (Kern, 1957), Tabel 8, Hal. 840
A = Q
U D . t
= 189,9042 ft2
Karena A < 200 ft2, maka dipilih HE jenis Double Pipe Exchangers
Rencana Klasifikasi
Data Pipa Outer Pipe Inner Pipe

IPS (in) 12 10
SN 30 40
OD (in) 12,75 10,75
ID (in) 12,09 10,02
a” (ft2/ft) 3,338 2,814
Cold Fluid (Air) : Annulus

a. Flow Area, aa
D1 = 10,75 in = 0,8958 ft
D2 = 12,09 in = 1,0075 ft

aa = (D22 – D12) (Kern, 1957), Eq. 6.3
4

= (1,0075 2 – 0,8958 2) = 0,1668 ft2
4
Equivalent Diameter, De
De =
D 2
2
 D1
2
 = 0,2373 ft
D1
Ga = W/aa
= 1318406,1877 lb/hr,ft2
Pada tavg = 102,2 oF
μ = 0,664 lb/hr ft
Rea = De,Ga/μ
0,2373 x 1318406,1877
= = 194660,115
0,664
JH = 500 (Kern, 1957), Fig. 24

cp = 0,0037 Btu/lb.oF
 c 
1
3
Pr =  
 k 
= 0,2533
d. Koefisien perpindahan panas
k  c 
1 0 ,14
3
  
ho = JH    
De  k   w 
= 194,4172 Btu/hr,ft2,oF
Hot Fluid (Keluaran R-01) : Inner Pipe

a. Flow Area, ap
D = 10,02 in = 0,835 ft
 
ap = D2 = (0,835)2 = 0,5473 ft2
4 4
Gp = w/ap = 269089,9374 lb/hr ft2
μ = 0,0167 cP = 0,0403 lb/hr
Rep = D x Gp/μ
0,835 x 269089,9374
= = 5573058,093
0,0167
JH = 1000 (Kern, 1957), Fig. 24
d. k = 0,071 Btu/hr,ft2(oF/ft)
cp = 0,0031 Btu/lb,oF
 c 
1
3
Pr =  
 k 
= 0,1201
 c 
1 0 ,14
k 3
  
e. hi = JH    
De  k   w 
= 10,2154 Btu/hr,ft2,oF
f. Koreksi hi pada permukaan OD
hio = hi x ID/OD
g. Clean Overall Coefficient, UC
hioxho
UC = = 9,0771 Btu/hr,ft2,oF
hio  ho
h. Design Overall Coefficient, UD
1 1
  Rd (Kern, 1957), Eq. 6.10
U D UC
Rd ditentukan 0,002 untuk masa servis 1 tahun

1 1
= + 0,002
𝑈𝐷 9,0771
UD = 8,9153 Btu/hr,ft2,oF
i. Required Length
Q
A=
U D . t
= 3088,643 ft2
Dari tabel 11 Kern, untuk 10-in IPS standard pipe, external surface/foot
length = 2,814 ft
3088,643 ft2
Required length = = 1097,5989 ft
2,814 ft
Diambil panjang 1 harpin = 20 ft

1097,5989
Jumlah harpin yang dibutuhkan = = 27,44
40
Maka, dipakai 27 harpin 20 ft
Actual Length = 27 x 20 ft x 2
= 1098 ft
Actual Surface = L x a”
= 3088,6433 ft2
j. Actual Design Coefficient, UD
UD = Q
A. t
k. Dirt Factor, Rd
U C U D
Rd =
U C U D
= 0,002 hr,ft2,oF/Btu
PRESSURE DROP
Cold Fluid : Annulus
a. De’ = (D2 – D1)
= 0,1117 ft
NRe = 194660,1147
0,264
ƒ = 0,0035  (Eq, 3,47b, (Kern, 1957))
(Re a) 0, 42
= 0,0051
ρ = 61,94 lb/ft3
4 fGa2 L
b. Fa =
2 g 2 De
= 7,90703025 ft
G
c. V = = 5,9126 ft/s
3600 
V 2 
Fl = 3 x   = 1,0857 ft
 2g 
( Fa  Fl ) 
Pa =
144
= 3,8681 psi
Hot Fluid: Inner Pipe
a. Rep = 5573058
0 , 264
ƒ 0 ,0035 
= 0,0039 (Eq, 3,47b, (Kern, 1957))
(Re p ) 0 , 42
ρ = 2,392 lb/ft3
4 fGp 2 L
b. ΔFp =
2 g 2 D
= 309,422 ft
Fp . 
Pp = 144
= 5,1398 psi
Identifikasi
Nama Alat Cooler-02
Kode Alat C-02
Uc 9,0771 Btu/hr,ft2,oF
Ud 8,9153 Btu/hr,ft2,oF
Rd 0,002 hr,ft2,oF/Btu
Tipe Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Jumlah 1 Unit
Inner Tube
Length 1098 ft
OD 10,75 in
ΔPI 5,1398 psi
Outer Tube
ID 12,09 in
ΔPO 3,8681 psi
8. COOLER - 03 (C-03)
Tipe : Shell and Tube Exchangers
Gambar :

W = 66804,593 kg/jam = 147278,7418 lb/jam
T1 = 194,910 oC = 382,838 oF
T2 = 155,000 oC = 311,000 oF
Fluida Dingin : Air
W = 97264,051 kg/jam = 214430,274 lb/jam
t1 = 28 oC = 82,4 oF
t2 = 50 oC = 122 oF
Perhitungan:
1. Beban Panas C-03
Q = 9188517,718 kJ/jam = 8709161,937 Btu/jam
2. LMTD
382,838 Suhu tinggi 122 260,838
311,000 Suhu rendah 82,4 228,600
Selisih 32,238
t 2  t1
LMTD = = 244,365 oF
ln (t 2 / t1 )
Ft = 1,00 (Coulson & Richardson, 2005), Grafik 12.19
Ft x LMTD = 244,365 oF
Tc = T avg = 346,919 oF
tc = t avg = 102 oF
Asumsi UD = 80 Btu/hr,ft2,oF (Kern, 1957), Tabel 8, Hal. 840
A = Q
U D . t
A = 445,5002 ft2
Karena A > 200 ft2, maka dipilih HE jenis Sheel and Tube,
Rencana Klasifikasi
Tube Side :
Panjang Tube (L) = 16 ft
Outside Diameter (OD) = 1,5 inch
BWG = 18
Pass =2
a" = 0,3925 (Kern, 1957), Tabel 10, Hal 843
A
Jumlah Tube (Nt) =
L x a"
Nt = 70,9395
Tube sheet = 1,875 triangular pitch
dari tabel 9 Kern, didapat Jumlah Tube (Nt) yang mendekati adalah
Nt = 72
Koreksi UD
A = Nt x L x a''
= 452,160 ft2
UD = Q
A .Δt
UD = 78,8217 Btu/hr ft2 oF (koreksi memenuhi)

Karena nilai Ud perhitungan sama dengan nilai Ud asumsi, maka data untuk Shell
yaitu :
Shell side :
ID = 21,25 inci
Baffle Space (B ) = ID/2= 10,625 inci
Pass (n) =2
Pt = 1,875
Hot Fluid (keluaran FT-01) : Tube Side
1. Flow area per Tube (at') = 1,54 in2
Total flow area (at) = Nt x a't / 144 x n
= 0,385 ft2
2. Laju alir, Gt = W / at
= 382542,1865 lb/(hr) (ft2)
3. Bilangan Reynold, Ret
Viskositas ( μ ) = 0,0152 cp = 0,0368 lb/ft hr
ID = 1,40 in = 0,1167 ft
Re = D x Gt / μ
= 2932320,7466
4. L/D = 16 ft / 1,40 ft
= 137,143
jH = 1000 (Kern, 1957), Fig, 24, Hal. 834
 cp x  
5. Prandl Number ( Pr ) =  
 k 
k = 0,0640 Btu/hr ftoF
Cp = 0,0028 Btu/lboF
Pr = 0,0016
6. Dengan (μ/μw) = 1 untuk bahan kimia kecuali untuk hidrokarbon,
Koreksi viskositas diabaikan karena tidak signifikan, maka didapat :
0 ,14
 k   Cp     
1
3
hi  j H     
D  k   w 
hi = 64,5256 Btu/hr ft2oF
hio = hi (ID / OD)
= 60,224 Btu/hr ft2oF
Cold Fluid (Air): Shell Side

Suhu rata-rata = 102,2oF
Baffle spacing (B) = 10,625 in
Clerance (C') = pitch – OD
= 1,875 – 1,5
= 0,375
1. Luas area laluan (as) = (ID x C' x B) / (144 Pt)
= 0,3136 ft2
2. Laju alir, (Gs) = W / as
= 683802,5616 lb/hr ft2
3. Reynold Number (Res) = D x Gs / μ
Pada tavg = 102,2oF
Viskositas (u) = 0,664 cp
= 1,607 lb/ft hr
Diameter ekivalen (De) = 1,08 in
= 0,09 ft
Jadi, Re = D x Gt / μ
= 38299,2075
4. JH = 140 (Kern, 1957), Fig, 28, Hal. 838
5. k = 0,3642 Btu/hr ft0F
Cp = 0,0037 Btu/lb 0F
 Cp x  
Prandl Number ( Pr ) = 
 k 
= 0,0163
6. Koreksi viskositas diabaikan karena tidak significant, maka didapat :
0 ,14
 k   Cp     
1
3
ho  jH      
 De  k   w 
ho = 143,5032 Btu/hr ft2 °F
7. Clean overall coefficient
Uc = (hio x ho) / (hio + ho)
= 42,421 Btu/hr ft2 0F
8. Dirt factor, Rd
Rd = (UD - Uc ) / (Uc x UD)
= 0,0109
PRESSURE DROP
Tube side
1. Untuk NRe = 2932320,7466
Faktor friksi ( f ) = 0,0001 (Kern, 1957), Fig, 26
s = 0,2766
2. Pt = f Gt 2 L n
5, 22 x 10 10 x De s f t
= 0,139 psi
3. Gt = 382542,1865 lb/(hr) (ft2)
V2/ 2g = 0,054 psi (Kern, 1957), Fig, 27
Pr = (4n / s) (V2/ 2g)
= 1,5621 psi
4. PT = Pt + Pr
= 1,7011 psi
Shell Side
1. Untuk NRe = 38299,2075
Faktor friksi ( f ) = 0,0002 (Kern, 1957), Fig, 29
Number of cross, (N+1) (Kern, 1957), Eq 7.43
N+1 = 12 L / B
= 216,8471
s = 1,000
f G s Di ( N  1)
2
2. Ps =
5,22 x 1010 x De S f s
= 5,733 psi
Identifikasi
Nama Alat Cooler-03
Kode Alat C-03
Rd 0,0109 hr ft2 oF/Btu
Jumlah 1 Unit
Tube Side
Length 16 ft
OD 1,5 in
Passes 2
BWG 18
Pitch 1,875 in (Triangular Pitch)
Nt 72
ΔPT 1,7011 psi
Shell Side
ID 21,25 in
B 10,625 in
Passes 2
ΔPs 5,733 psi
9. EKSPANDER - 01 (EP-01)
Fungsi : Menurunkan tekanan gas Hidrogen keluaran FD-01
Bentuk : Turbin
Gambar :
out
E-01
10.
in
a. Data
kg
Laju alir massa, W = 5709,431
jam
kg
= 95,157
min
kg
Densitas, ρ = 0,9997
m3
kJ
Cp campuran = 28,780
kmol K
kg
BM campuran = 2,000
kmol
kJ
R = 8,3145
kmol K
Cp campuran
k = .... (Mc. Cabe, Hal. 820)
Cp campuran - R
= 1,406
b. Kondisi Operasi
Tekanan masuk, Pin = 18 atm
Tekanan keluar, Pout = 5 atm
Temperatur, T = 155 °C
= 428,150 K
c. Laju Alir Volumetrik, Q
laju alir massa
Q =
densitas
m3
= 95,186
min
ft3
= 312,289
min
d. Kapasitas Ekspander
Kapasitas ekspander, Q1 = (100% + 10%) × Q
ft3
= 343,518
min
e. Daya Ekspander, Pw
k-1
0,0643 k T Q1 P1 k
Pw = [(P ) - 1] (Mc. Cabe, Pers. 8.30, 2005)
520 (k - 1) η 2
dimana,
k = 1,406
T = 107,058 °C
ft3
Q1 = 343,518
min
η = 0,85
P1 = 18 atm
P2 = 5 atm
sehingga,
k-1
0,0643 k T Q1 P1 k
Pw = [(P ) - 1]
520 (k - 1) η 2
= 33,166 hp = 33 hp
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Ekspander 01
Kode Alat EP-01
Jumlah 1 buah
Untuk menurunkan tekanan gas Hidrogen
Fungsi
yang keluar dari top Flash Drum-01
DATA DESIGN
Tipe Turbin
o
Temperature design 155,000 C
Tekanan design 18 Atm
Kapasitas 343,518 ft3/min
DATA MEKANIK
o
Temperatur keluar 155,000 C
Tekanan masuk 18 Atm
Tekanan keluar 5 Atm
Power 35,000 Hp
Bahan konstruksi Carbon Steel
11. FLASH DRUM - 01 (FD-01)
Fungsi : Untuk memisahkan antara aliran Crude Etanol dengan
Hidrogen
Tipe : Silinder Vertikal dengan Tutup Elipsoidal
Bahan Konstruksi : Carbon steel SA-285, Cr. C
Gambar :
1. Data Desain :
Tekanan : 18 atm
Temperatur : 155 oC
Laju Alir Uap, WV : 5709,431 kg/jam
Laju Alir Liquid, WL : 61095,141 kg/jam
Densitas Uap : 709,2 kg/m3
Densitas Liquid : 987,8 kg/m3
2. Vapor volumetric flowrate, QV

laju alir massa
QV = densitas
5709,431 kg/jam
=
709,2 kg/m3
= 8,0505228 m3/jam
= 0,1341754 m3/min
3. Kecepatan uap maksimum, UV

UV =     
0,5

0,035  
L g

 g 
 
 
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 0,5
987,8 –709,2
𝑚3 𝑚3
= 0,035 [( 𝑘𝑔 ) ]
709,2
𝑚3
= 0,02194 m/s
4. Vessel area minimum, A

Qv
A = Uv
1,7974 m3 / s
= 0,2810 m / s
= 6,3970 m2
5. Diameter vessel minimum, D
0,5
 4A 
 
D =   
0,5
4 𝑥 6,3970 𝑚2
=( )
3,14
= 2,8547 m
6. Liquid volumetric flowrate, QL

laju alir massa
QL = densitas
61.095,142 𝑘𝑔/𝑗𝑎𝑚
=
987,8 𝑘𝑔/𝑗𝑎𝑚
= 61,850 m3/jam
= 0,0172 m3/s
7. Tinggi Liquid, HL
Holding time, t = 10 menit (Walas, Hal. 612)
= 0,1667 jam
t
QLx
HL = A
𝑚3 0,1667 𝑗𝑎𝑚
= 0,0172 𝑥
𝑗𝑎𝑚 6,7281 𝑚2
= 1,6853 m
8. Tinggi vessel, HV
Jarak top ke nozzle inlet, Hv = 4 ft + D Hal. 461, Coulson
= 1,2192 + 2,9276 m
= 4,1470 m
𝐷
Jarak nozzle inlet ke level liquid maksimum, HZ = Hal. 461, Coulson
2
2,9276 m
= 2
= 0,4572 m
Ht = HL + HV + HZ
= 1,6853 m + 4,1470 m + 0,4572 m
= 6,2893 m
9. Volume vessel, Vt
Digunakan vertikal Flash Drum dengan head tipe ellipsoidal head
𝜋
Volume shell vessel, Vs = D2 Hs
4
Tinggi shell, Hs = 12,304 m

Maka :
𝜋
Volume shell vessel , Vs = D2 Hs
4
= 20,696 m3
𝜋
Volume head, Vh = D3
12
= 6,5657 m3
Volume vessel, Vt = Vs + 2Vh
= 20,696 m3 + (2 x 6,5657 m3)
= 33,827 m3
10. Tebal dinding vessel, t

P r
Untuk Silinder :t= C
S  E - 0,6  P
P D
Untuk Ellipsoidal Head :t= C
2S  E - 0,2  P
( (Peter & Timmerhaus, 1991), Tabel 4)
Dimana :
P = Tekanan design = 1 atm = 14,9690 psi
D = Diameter vessel = 56,1939 in
R = Jari-Jari vessel = 28,0969 in
S = Working stress allowable = 13.700 psi (Table 4, Peter,
hal538)
E = Joint effisiensi = 0,85 (Table 4, Peter,
hal538)
C = Korosi maksimum = 0,010 in (Table 6, Peter, hal542)
Maka :
Tebal dinding silinder :

Pr
t =  CC
S  E - 0,6  P
(114,6960 psi  28,0969 in)
=  0,010 in
(13.700 psi  0,85) - (0,6  14,6960 psi)
= 0,00785 m
Tebal dinding ellipsoidal head :
PD
t =  CC
2S  E - 0,2  P
(14,6960 psi  56,1939 in)
=  0,010 in
(2  13.700 psi  0,85) - (0,2  14,6960 psi)
= 0,0809 in
= 0,0021 m
11. Outside diameter, OD

OD = D + 2t
= 2,9276 m + (2 x 0,03408 m)
= 2,9957 m
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Flash Drum-01
Kode Alat FD-01
Jumlah 1 Unit
Fungsi Untuk memisahkan gas Hidrogen dari Crude Etanol
DATA DESAIN
Tipe Silinder Vertikal dengan Tutup Elipsoidal
Temperatur 155 oC
Tekanan 18 atm
DATA MEKANIK
Laju Alir Uap 8,0505228 kg/jam
Laju Alir Liquid 61,849708 kg/jam
Diameter Vessel 2,9276 m
Tinggi Vessel 6,2893 m
Tebal Dinding 34,0782 mm
Bahan Konstruksi Carbon steel SA-285, Cr. C
12. HEATER - 01 (H-01)
Fungsi : Memanaskan bahan baku asam asetat dari T-01
Gambar :
Aliran inlet
Shell
Tube
Rear End
Head
Aliran outlet
Water in
Fluida Panas : Steam

W = 33.641,509 kg/hr = 74.166,745 lb/hr
T1 = 350 oC = 662oF
T2 = 350 oC = 662oF
Fluida Dingin : Output Vaporizer-01 (As. Asetat, Etil Asetat, dan Air)
w = 85.202,804 kg/hr = 187.839,805 lb/hr
t1 = 188oC = 244,580 oF
t2 = 155oC = 311,000 oF
2. Beban Panas H-01A
Q = 30.139.428,492 kJ/hr
= 28.567.084,647 Btu/hr
3. LMTD
662 Suhu tinggi 311,000 351,000
662 Suhu rendah 244,580 417,420
Selisih -66,420
t 2  t1
LMTD =
ln (t 2 / t1 )
= 383,251 oF
t = 383,251 oF
T1  T 2
Tavg =
2
= 662oF
t1  t 2
tavg =
2
= 277,790 oF
Q
A =
U D . t
30.139.428,492
=
150 𝑥 383,251
= 496,925 ft2
 Tube Side = Aliran bahan baku asam asetat dari T-01
Outside Diameter (OD) = 1,25 in
BWG = 18
Pass =4
a” = 0,327 ft2/lin ft
A
Jumlah tube, Nt =
L x a"
496,925
=
14 𝑥 0,327
= 108,513
Nt = 105
A = Nt x L x a''
= 105 x 14 ft x 0,327 ft2
= 480,837 ft2
Q
UD =
U D . t
= 163,551
shell :
Shell = steam
ID = 21,25 inch (Tabel 9, Kern)
Pass =4

Nt  a ' t
144  n
105 𝑥 1,040
=
144 𝑥 4
= 0,1896 ft2
 Laju Alir, Gt
Gt = W/at
187.839,805
= 0,1896
= 990.803,369 lb/hr.ft2
μ = 0,0083 cp = 0,0201 lb/ft hr
Ret = ID.Gt/ μ
= 11.404.274,503
Jh = 1000 (Fig.24, Kern)
 Nilai hi
 c. 
  = 0,00236
 k 
0 ,14
 k   Cp     
1/ 3
hi  J H      
 D  k   w 
0 ,14
  
 w 
hi = 15,125 Btu/hr ft2 oF

ID = Diameter dalam shell = 21,25 in
= 1,5625 – 1
= 0,3125 in
 Flow Area, as
23,25  0,250  11,625
=
144 1,25
21,25 x 0,3125 x 10,625
= 144 𝑥 1,5625
= 0,3136 ft2
 Laju Alir, Gs
Gs = w/as
74.166,745 𝑙𝑏/ℎ𝑟
=
0,3136 ft2
= 236.512,360 lb/hr.ft2

μ = 0,022 cp = 0,054 lb/ft hr
GS De
Res =

= 577.209,671
Maka:
jH = 500 (Fig.28, Kern)
 Nilai ho
1
 Cp.  3
  = 0,0008
 k 

ho = jH . (k/De). (Cpμ/k)1/3
= 9,470 Btu / hr ft2 oF

hio  ho
UC =
hio  ho
10. Dirt Factor, Rd

U C U D
Rd =
U C U D
11. Pressure drop

 Bagian tube
Untuk NRe = 11.404.274,503
s = 5,873
f Gt 2 L n
ΔPt =
5, 22 x 10 10 x De s f t
= 0,047 psi
V2 / 2g = 1,000 (Fig 27, Kern)
ΔPr = ( 4n/s ) ( V2/2g )

= 2,7244 Psi
ΔPT = ΔPt + ΔPr
= 0,047 psi + 2,7244 Psi
= 2,7711 psi
 Shell Side
Re = 577.209,671
f = 0,001 (Fig.29, Kern)
N+1 = 12 L / B
= 189,741
Ds = 1,771 ft
s =1
fGs2 Ds ( N  1)
ΔPs =
5,22 1010 Desf s
= 4,7481 psi
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Heater– 01
Kode H-01
Jumlah 1
Fungsi Menaikkan suhu bahan baku keluaran Vaporizer
DATA DESAIN
TUBE SIDE
Length 14 Ft
OD 1,250 In
Passes 4
BWG 18
Nt 105 Tubes
ΔPT 2,771 Psi
SHELL SIDE
ID 21,25 in
B 10,625 in
Passes 4
ΔPs 4,748 psi
13. HEATER - 02 (H-02)
Fungsi : Menaikkan suhu Feed sebelum masuk R - 01
Gambar : t1
Gland
Return bend Gland
Gland
T2
T1
Tee
Return Head
t2
Fluida Panas : Saturated steam

Flowrate, W1 = 12.120,647 Kg/jam = 26.721,421 lb/hr
T1 = 350 oC = 662 oF
T2 = 350 oC = 662 oF
Fluida Dingin : Bahan baku untuk masuk reaktor
Flowrate, W2 = 67.556,947 Kg/jam = 14214,2607 lb/hr
t1 = 123,757 oC = 254,763 oF
t2 = 174,171 oC = 345,508 oF
Perhitungan design sesuai dengan literatur pada Donald Q. Kern (1965).

a. Beban Panas H - 02
Q = 10.858.887,717 kJ/jam = 10.292.390,404 Btu/hr
b. LMTD
Fluida Panas Fluida Dingin Selisih
(oF) (oF)
662 (T1) Suhu Tinggi (th) 345,508 (t2) 316,492
662 (T2) Suhu Rendah (tc) 254,763 (t1) 407,237
Selisih -90,745
t 2  t1
LMTD 
ln T1 / T2 
∆t = 359,960 oF
c. Temperatur rata-rata
Tc = T avg = 662,000 oF
tc = t avg = 300,135 o F
Penentuan tipe Heater :

Asumsi UD = 170 Btu/hr.ft2.F
Q
A
U D  t
A = 168,1948 ft2
Karena A < 200 ft2 , maka dipilih jenis Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Dari Tabel.10 Kern didapat spesifikasi data :
Rencana Klasifikasi :
Data Pipa Annulus Inner Pipe
IPS (in) 12 10
SN 30 40
OD (in) 12,75 10,75
ID (in) 12,09 10,02
a” (ft2/ft) 3,338 2,814
FLUIDA PANAS : Annulus

a. Flow Area, aa
D2 = 12,09 inch = 1,0075 ft
D1 = 10,75 inch = 0,8958 ft

aa = (D22 – D12)
4
= 0,1668 ft2
Equivalent Diameter
De =
D2
2
 D1
2

D1
= 0,2373 ft
Ga = W/aa
= 16.159,0510 lb/hr.ft2
Pada T = 662 oF
μ = 0,0432 lb/ft.hr
Rea = De.Ga/μ
= 363.718,389
JH = 700 (Fig. 28, Shell-side heat transfer curve)
 c 
1
3
  = 0,1991
 k 
c. Koefisien perpindahan panas

0 ,14
k  c    
1
3
ho = JH    
De  k   w 
= 16,6098 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
FLUIDA DINGIN: Inner Pipe

a. Flow Area, ap
D = 10,02 inch = 0,835 ft
 2
ap = D
4

= (0,835 ft)2
4
= 0,5437 ft2
Gp = w/ap
= 272120,433 lb/hr.ft2
Pada 300,135 oF
µ = 0,0142 lb/hr ft
Rep = D.Gp/μ
= 6.630.847,0291
JH = 1000 (Fig. 24, Tube-side heat transfer
curve)
c = 82,6785 Btu/lb.oF
 c 
1
3
  = 0,1042
 k 
c. Koefisien Perpindahan Panas

0 ,14
k  c    
1
3
hi = JH    
De  k   w 
Koreksi hi pada permukaan OD
hio = hi x ID/OD
= 9,922 Btu/jam ft2 oF
d. Clean Overall Coefficient, UC

hio  ho
UC =
hio  ho
e. Design Overall Coefficient, UD

1 1
  Rd
U D UC
Rd diasumsikan 0,001
UD = 6,1354 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
f. Required Surface
Q
A =
U D  t
= 4.660,3701 ft2
Dari tabel 11 Kern, untuk 10-in IPS standard pipe, external surface/foot length
a”= 2,814 ft2.
Required length = 1656,137 ft
Diambil panjang 1 hairpin = 20 ft, maka jumlah hairpin yang dibutuhkan = 42
buah
Actually Length = Jumlah hairpin x panjang hairpin x 2
= 4660,3701 ft
Actually surface = L x a”
= 4660,3701
g. Dirt Factor, Rd
Q
UD =
A  t
U C U D
Rd =
U C U D
PRESSURE DROP
a. De’ = (D2 – D1)
= 0,1117 ft
Rea = 363718,389
0,264
ƒ = 0,0035 
(Re a' ) 0, 42
= 0,0047
ρ = 7,083 lb/ft3
4 fGa2 L
b. ΔFa =
2 g 2 De
= 171,2243
Ga
Va =
3600 
= 6,281 ft/s
V 2 
d. Fl = 1 x  
 2g 
= 1,2252
(Fa  F1) 
e. ΔPa =
144
= 8,4824 Psi
FLUIDA DINGIN : Inner Pipe

a. Rep = 6630847,0291
ƒ =
0 , 264
0 , 0035 
(Re p ) 0 , 42
= 0,0039
ρ = 0,3154 lb/ft3
4 fGp 2 L
b. ΔFp = 2 g 2 D
= 2726,9200 ft
Fp . 
c. ΔPp =
144
= 5,9727 Psi
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Heater – 02
Kode H-02
Jumlah 1
Fungsi Untuk memanaskan bahan baku reaktor
Tipe Double pipe heat exchanger
DATA DESAIN
ANNULUS
IPS 12 In
Sch. No 30
OD 12,75 in
ID 12,09 in
a” 3,338 Ft2
Pa 8,482 Psi
INNER
IPS 10 In
Sch. No 40
OD 10,75 in
ID 10,02 in
a” 2,814 Ft2
Pp 5,973 Psi
14. HEATER - 03 (H-03)
Fungsi : Menaikkan suhu Feed sebelum masuk R - 01
Gambar : t1
Gland
Return bend Gland
Gland
T2
T1
Tee
Return Head
t2
Fluida Panas : Saturated steam

Flowrate, W1 = 12.521,484 Kg/jam = 27.605,115 lb/hr
T1 = 350 oC = 662 oF
T2 = 350 oC = 662 oF
Fluida Dingin : Bahan baku untuk masuk reaktor
Flowrate, W2 = 67.556,947 Kg/jam = 14214,2607 lb/hr
t1 = 174,171 oC = 345,508 oF
t2 = 224,586 oC = 436,253 oF
Perhitungan design sesuai dengan literatur pada Donald Q. Kern (1965).

a. Beban Panas H - 03
Q = 11.217.997 kJ/jam = 10.632.766,243 Btu/hr
b. LMTD
Fluida Panas Fluida Dingin Selisih
(oF) (oF)
662 (T1) Suhu Tinggi (th) 436,2530 (t2) 225,7470
662 (T2) Suhu Rendah (tc) 345,5078 (t1) 316,4922
Selisih -90,7452
t 2  t1
LMTD 
ln T1 / T2 
∆t = 268,5693 oF
c. Temperatur rata-rata
Tc = T avg = 662,000 oF
tc = t avg = 390,880 o F
Penentuan tipe Heater :

Asumsi UD = 199 Btu/hr.ft2.F
Q
A
U D  t
A = 198,947 ft2
Karena A < 200 ft2 , maka dipilih jenis Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Dari Tabel.10 Kern didapat spesifikasi data :
Rencana Klasifikasi :
Data Pipa Annulus Inner Pipe
IPS (in) 14 10
SN 30 40
OD (in) 14 10,75
ID (in) 13,25 10,02
a” (ft2/ft) 3,665 2,814

c. Flow Area, aa
D2 = 13,25 inch = 1,0075 ft
D1 = 10,75 inch = 0,8958 ft

aa = (D22 – D12)
4
= 0,3271ft2
Equivalent Diameter
De =
D2
2
 D1
2

D1
= 0,4651 ft
d. Kecepatan Massa, Ga
Ga = W/aa
= 84.397,8044 lb/hr.ft2
Pada T = 662 oF
μ = 0,0432 lb/ft.hr
Rea = De.Ga/μ
= 375.746,786
JH = 700 (Fig. 28, Shell-side heat transfer curve)
 c 
1
3
  = 0,1991
 k 
c. Koefisien perpindahan panas

0 ,14
k  c    
1
3
ho = JH    
De  k   w 
FLUIDA DINGIN: Inner Pipe

b. Flow Area, ap
D = 10,02 inch = 0,835 ft
 2
ap = D
4

= (0,835 ft)2
4
= 0,5437 ft2
Gp = w/ap
= 272120,433 lb/hr.ft2
Pada 300,135 oF
µ = 0,0142 lb/hr ft
Rep = D.Gp/μ
= 6.034.241,255
JH = 1000 (Fig. 24, Tube-side heat transfer
curve)
k = 0,0938Btu/hr.ft2(oF/ft)
c = 0,0029 Btu/lb.oF
 c 
1
3
  = 0,1055
 k 
c. Koefisien Perpindahan Panas

0 ,14
k  c    
1
3
hi = JH    
De  k   w 
= 11,8593 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
Koreksi hi pada permukaan OD
hio = hi x ID/OD
= 11,0540 Btu/jam ft2 oF
d. Clean Overall Coefficient, UC
hio  ho
UC =
hio  ho
e. Design Overall Coefficient, UD

1 1
  Rd
U D UC
Rd diasumsikan 0,002
UD = 4,7507 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
f. Required Surface
Q
A =
U D  t
= 8333,5353 ft2
Dari tabel 11 Kern, untuk 10-in IPS standard pipe, external surface/foot length
a”= 2,814 ft2.
Required length = 1656,137 ft
Diambil panjang 1 hairpin = 20 ft, maka jumlah hairpin yang dibutuhkan = 42
buah
Actually Length = Jumlah hairpin x panjang hairpin x 2
= 2961,4553 ft
Actually surface = L x a”
= 2961,4553
g. Dirt Factor, Rd
Q
UD =
A  t
U C U D
Rd =
U C U D
PRESSURE DROP
a. De’ = (D2 – D1)
= 0,2083 ft
Rea = 375.746,7858
0,264
ƒ = 0,0035 
(Re a' ) 0, 42
= 0,0047
ρ = 7,083 lb/ft3
4 fGa2 L
d. ΔFa =
2 g 2 De
= 45,4122 ft
Ga
Va =
3600 
= 3,3099 ft/s
V 2 
d. Fl = 1 x  
 2g 
= 0,3402
(Fa  F1) 
e. ΔPa =
144
= 2,2504 Psi
FLUIDA DINGIN : Inner Pipe

a. Rep = 663421,2553
ƒ =
0 , 264
0 , 0035 
(Re p ) 0 , 42
= 0,0039
ρ = 0,8803 lb/ft3
4 fGp 2 L
b. ΔFp = 2 g 2 D
= 628,3145 ft
Fp . 
c. ΔPp =
144
= 3,841 Psi
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Heater – 03
Kode H-03
Jumlah 1
Fungsi Untuk memanaskan bahan baku reaktor
Tipe Double pipe heat exchanger
DATA DESAIN
ANNULUS
IPS 14 In
Sch. No 30
OD 14,00 in
ID 13,25 in
a” 3,665 Ft2
Pa 2,250 Psi
INNER
IPS 10 In
Sch. No 40
OD 10,75 in
ID 10,02 in
a” 2,814 Ft2
Pp 3,841 Psi
15. HEATER- 04 (H-04)
Fungsi : Memanaskan bahan baku sebelum masuk R-01
Gambar :
Aliran inlet
Shell
Tube
Rear End
Head
Aliran outlet
Water in

W = 33.641,509 kg/hr = 74.166,745 lb/hr
T1 = 350 oC = 662oF
T2 = 350 oC = 662oF
Fluida Dingin : Output Vaporizer-01 (As. Asetat, Etil Asetat, dan Air)
w = 85.202,804 kg/hr = 187.839,805 lb/hr
t1 = 188oC = 244,580 oF
t2 = 155oC = 311,000 oF
12. Beban Panas H-01A
Q = 30.139.428,492 kJ/hr
= 28.567.084,647 Btu/hr
13. LMTD
662 Suhu tinggi 311,000 351,000
662 Suhu rendah 244,580 417,420
Selisih -66,420
t 2  t1
LMTD =
ln (t 2 / t1 )
= 383,251 oF
t = 383,251 oF

T1  T 2
Tavg =
2
= 662oF
t1  t 2
tavg =
2
= 277,790 oF
Q
A =
U D . t
30.139.428,492
=
150 𝑥 383,251
= 496,925 ft2
BWG = 18
Pass =4
a” = 0,327 ft2/lin ft
A
L x a"
Jumlah tube, Nt =
496,925
=
14 𝑥 0,327
= 108,513
Nt = 105
A = Nt x L x a''
= 105 x 14 ft x 0,327 ft2
= 480,837 ft2
Q
UD =
U D . t
= 163,551
shell :
Shell = steam
Pass =4

Nt  a ' t
144  n
105 𝑥 1,040
=
144 𝑥 4
= 0,1896 ft2
 Laju Alir, Gt
Gt = W/at
187.839,805
= 0,1896
= 990.803,369 lb/hr.ft2

μ = 0,0083 cp = 0,0201 lb/ft hr
Ret = ID.Gt/ μ
= 11.404.274,503
Jh = 1000 (Fig.24, Kern)
 Nilai hi
 c. 
  = 0,00236
 k 
0 ,14
 k   Cp     
1/ 3
hi  J H      
 D  k   w 
0 ,14
  
 w 

= 1,5625 – 1
= 0,3125 in
 Flow Area, as
23,25  0,250  11,625
=
144 1,25
21,25 x 0,3125 x 10,625
= 144 𝑥 1,5625
= 0,3136 ft2
 Laju Alir, Gs
Gs = w/as
74.166,745 𝑙𝑏/ℎ𝑟
=
0,3136 ft2
= 236.512,360 lb/hr.ft2
μ = 0,022 cp = 0,054 lb/ft hr
GS De
Res =

= 577.209,671
Maka:
jH = 500 (Fig.28, Kern)
 Nilai ho
1
 Cp.  3
  = 0,0008
 k 

ho = jH . (k/De). (Cpμ/k)1/3\
= 9,470 Btu / hr ft2 oF

hio  ho
UC =
hio  ho
20. Dirt Factor, Rd
U C U D
Rd =
U C U D
21. Pressure drop

 Bagian tube
Untuk NRe = 11.404.274,503
s = 5,873
f Gt 2 L n
ΔPt =
5, 22 x 10 10 x De s f t
= 0,047 psi
V2 / 2g = 1,000 (Fig 27, Kern)
ΔPr = ( 4n/s ) ( V2/2g )

= 2,7244 Psi
ΔPT = ΔPt + ΔPr
= 0,047 psi + 2,7244 Psi
= 2,7711 psi
 Shell Side
Re = 577.209,671
f = 0,001 (Fig.29, Kern)
N+1 = 12 L / B
= 189,741
Ds = 1,771 ft
s =1
fGs2 Ds ( N  1)
ΔPs =
5,22 1010 Desf s
= 4,7481 psi
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Heater– 04
Kode H-04
Jumlah 1
Fungsi Menaikkan suhu bahan baku keluaran Vaporizer
DATA DESAIN
TUBE SIDE
Length 14 Ft
OD 1,500 In
Passes 1
BWG 18
Nt 76 Tubes
ΔPT 3,138 Psi
SHELL SIDE
ID 21,25 in
B 10,625 in
Passes 1
ΔPs 1,037 psi
16. KOLOM DESTILASI - 01 (KD-01)

Fungsi : Memisahkan Etanol dan Air
Tipe : Sieve Tray Tower
Material : Carbon Steel
Gambar :
A. Menentukan kondisi operasi.

 Feed
P = 1 atm = 760,000 mmHg
T = 82,767 oC = 355,917 K
Komponen Pi Xi=Yi/Ki Ki = Pi / P Yi=Xi . Ki
asam asetat 230.462 0.052 0.303 0.016
air 397.047 0.257 0.522 0.134
etanol 903.672 0.519 1.189 0.617
etil acetate 908.285 0.060 1.195 0.072
Total 2,439.466 0.887 3.210 1.000
 Top
P = 0,6 atm = 456,000 mmHg
T = 67,096 oC = 340,246 K
Komponen Kmol Yi Ki = Pi / P Xi = Yi / Ki
asam asetat 0.009 0.000 0.270 0.000
air 35.954 0.038 0.452 0.084
etanol 913.022 0.959 1.050 0.913
etil acetate 3.233 0.003 1.188 0.003
Total 952.217 1.000 2.959 1.000
 Bottom
P = 1 atm = 760,000 mmHg
T = 98,787 oC = 371,971 K
Komponen Kmol Yi Ki = Pi / P Xi = Xi*Ki
asam asetat 14.505 0.016 0.540 0.009

air 862.884 0.942 0.957 0.902
etanol 38.043 0.042 2.139 0.089
etil acetate 0.129 0.000 1.922 0.000
Total 915.562 1.000 5.559 1.000
B. Desain Kolom Destilasi

a. Menentukan Relatif Volatilitas, α
Komponen kunci :
Light Key : Etanol
Heavy Key : Air
K LK

K HK
αD = KLK / KHK
= 1,050 / 0,452
= 2,324
αB = KLK / KHK
= 2,139 / 0,957
= 2.234
 Avg   Top x  Bot 
= 2,324 x 2,234
= 2,279
b. Menentukan Stage Minimum
Dengan menggunakan metode Fenske ( R. Van Winkle;eg : 5.118 ; p 236)
Log  X LK / X HK D x  X HK / X LK B 
SM 
Log ( Avg )
Log 25,395D x 22,682B 

SM 
Log (3.118)
NM = 7.717
c. Menentukan rasio refluks minimum, Rmin
n
xF
1 – q = q=1
1 (   ) / 
n
xD
(L/D)min + 1 =  (   ) / 
1
Komponen Xf Α (α-θ)/α Xf/(α-θ)/α XD/(α-θ)/α
asam asetat 0.014 0.580 -1.031 -0.014 0.000
air 0.265 1.000 -0.179 -1.482 -0.211

etanol 0.716 2.276 0.482 1.485 1.989
etil acetate 0.005 2.288 0.485 0.010 0.007
Total 1.000 0.000 0.000 1.784
(L/D)m = 1,784 – 1
= 0,784
(L/D) = 1,5 x (L/D)m

= 1,5 x 0,784
= 1.177
d. Teoritical Tray Pada Actual reflux – Methode Gilliland
Diketahui : Rm = 0,784
Nm = 7.717
L / D  ( L / D) m 1,177  0,784

L/ D 1 1,177  1
= 0,466
Dari grafik 5.18 hal hal.243 Van Winkle (Gilland Corelation) diperoleh :
N  Nm
= 0,466
N 1
N = 17,823 stage ~ 18 stage
R akt = 1,177
N teori = 17,823
e. Menentukan Feed Location.
Feed location ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode Kirkbride:
m
Log p
=  B  X    X   2 
0,206 Log   HK   LK B  
dengan:  D  X LK  F   X HK D  
B = molar flow pada bagian bawah produk
D = molar flow pada bagian atas produk
(XHK)f = konsentrasi heavy key pada feed
(XLK)f = konsentrasi light key pada feed
(XHK)d = konsentrasi heavy key pada bagian atas produk
(XlK)b = konsentrasi light key pada bagian bawah produk
 18,163.581
0,206 Log  0,495 1.211
 42,931.198 
m
Log =
p
m
Log = -0,596
p
m = 0,754 p
Ntheoritical = m + p
17,823 = 0,754 p + p
17,823 = 0,754 p
p = 10,163
m = 7,660
sehingga:
m (rectifying section) = 7,660 tray = 8 tray
p (stripping section) = 10,163 tray = 10 tray
berdasarkan dari nilai m dan p, dapat ditentukan bahwa feed yang masuk pada
tray ke 19 dari bagian atas kolom destilasi.
C. Desain kolom bagian atas (Rectifying section)

a. Data fisik untuk rectifying section
D = 42,931.198 kg/jam
L =R.D
= 1,177 x (42,931.198 kg/jam)
= 50,517.531kg/jam
= 14,033 kg/det
V =L+D
= 50,517.531 kg/jam + 42,931.198 kg/jam
= 93,448.729 kg/jam
= 25.958 kg/det
Data Fisik Vapour Liquid

Mass Flow rate (kg/det) 25.998 14.033
Density (kg/m3) 4.010 733.744
Volumetric Flow rate (m3/det) 6.474 0.019
Surface tension (N/m)
16.751
b. Diameter kolom
 Liquid – Vapour Flow Factor (FLV)
LW V
FLV =
VW L
FLV = 0,541 x 0,074
= 0,040
 Ditentukan tray spacing = 0,5 m
 Dari figure 11.27 buku Chemical Engineering, vol. 6, . JM. Couldson
didapat nilai konstanta K1 = 0,094
 Kecepatan Flooding (uf)
 L  V
uf = K1 *
V
733,744  4,010
= 0,094
4,010
= 4,873 m/s

 Desain untuk 85 % flooding pada maksimum flowrate ( u )

u = 0,85 . uf
= 0,85 . 4,873 m/s
= 4,142 m/s
 Maksimum volumetric flow rate (Uv maks)
V
Uv maks =
V
93,448.729kg / s
=
4,010kg / m 3
= 16,385 m3/s
 Net area yang dibutuhkan (An)
U V maks
An = 
u
16,385 m 3 / s
=
7,298 m / s
= 6,474 m2
 Cross section area dengan 12 % downcormer area (Ac)

An
Ac =
1  0,12
6,474m 2
=
1  0,12
= 1,776 m2
 Diameter kolom (Dc)

4 Ac
Dc =
3,14
4 . (1,776m 2 )
=
3,14
= 1,504 m
c. Desain plate
 Diameter kolom (Dc) = 1,504 m
 Luas area kolom (Ac)
Dc 2 . 3,14
Ac =
4
(1,504) 2 . 3,14
=
4
= 1.776 m2
 Downcomer area (Ad)
Ad = Persen downcomer x Ac
= 0,12 x 1.776 m2
= 0.213 m2
 Net area (An)
An = Ac – Ad
= 1,776 m2 – 0.213 m2
= 1,563 m2
 Active area (Aa)
Aa = Ac – 2 Ad
= 1,776 m2 – (2 x 0.213 m2)
= 1,350 m2
 Hole area (Ah) ditetapkan 10% dari Aa sebagai trial pertama
Ah = 10% . Aa
= 0,135 m2
 Nilai weir length (lw) ditentukan dari figure 11.31, JM. Couldson ed 6
Ad 0,213
Ordinat = x 100 = x 100 = 12
Ac 1,776
Iw
Absisca = = 0,760
Dc
Sehingga :
lw = Dc . 0,760
= 1,504 m . 0,760
= 1,143 m
 Penentuan nilai weir height (hw) , hole diameter (dh), dan plate
thickness, (nilai ini sama untuk kolom bagian atas dan bawah)
Weir height (hw) = 50 mm
Hole diameter (dh) = 5 mm
Plate thickness = 5 mm
d. Pengecekan
Check weeping
 Maximum liquid rate (Lm,max)
L
Lm,max =
3600
50,517.531 kg / jam
=
3600
= 14,033 kg/det
 Minimum liqiud rate (Lm,min)

Minimum liquid rate pada 70 % liquid turn down ratio
Lm,min = 0,7 Lm, max
= 0,7 (14,033 kg/det)
= 9,823 kg/det
 Weir liquid crest (how)

2
 Lm  3
how = 750   (J.M.Couldson. Eq.11.85)
  l Iw 
2
 Lm, maks  3
how,maks = 750  
  l Iw 
2
 14,033 kg / det  3
= 750  3 
 733,744kg / m x 1,143m 
= 37,614 mm liquid
2
 Lm, min  3
how,min = 750  
  l Iw 
 9,823kg / det 
= 750  3 
 733,744kg / m x 1,143m 
= 28.231 mm liquid
Pada rate minimum
hw + how = 50 mm + 28.231 mm
= 78.231 mm
Dari figure 11.30 JM. Coulson ed 6
K2 = 30,9
 Minimum design vapour velocity (ŭh)
ŭh =
K 2  0,90 25,4  d h 
 V  2
1
=
30,9  0,90 25,4  5
1,9941 / 2
= 0,285 m/s
 Actual minimum vapour velocity (Uv,min actual)

minimum vapour rate
Uv,min actual =
Ah
70% x 6,474 m 3 /s
=
0,135 m 2
= 3,357 m/s
 Nilai ini dapat diterima, karena minimum operating rate harus
berada diatas nilai weep point.
Plate pressure drop

 Jumlah maksimum vapour yang melewati holes (Ǚh)
Uv, maks
Ǚh =
Ah
6,474 m 3 / s
=
0,135 m 2
= 3,357 m/s
 Dari figure 11.34 JM. Couldson ed 6, untuk :
Plate thickness
= 1
hole diameter
Ah Ah
= = 0,1
Ap Aa
Ah
x 100 = 10,0
Ap
Didapat nilai Orifice coeficient (Co) = 0,750
 Dry plate drop (hd)

2
   
Uh
hd = 51   V
 Co   L
 
= 5120,034x0,005
= 15,583 mm liquid
 Residual head (hr)
12,5 .10 3
hr =
L
12,5 .10 3
=
733,744kg / m 3
= 17,036 mm liqiud
 Total pressure drop (ht)
ht = hd + (hw + how) + hr
= 15,583 + (78,231) + 17,036
= 110,850 mm liquid
Nilai ht yang didapat tidak jauh berbeda dari 100 mm air yang
merupakan basis asumsi pressure drop.
Downcomer liquid backup

 Downcomer pressure loss (hap)
hap = hw – (10 mm)
= 50 – 10
= 40 mm
 Area under apron (Aap)
Aap = hap . lw
= 40 x 10-3 . 1,143 m
= 0,046 m2
Karena nilai Aap lebih kecil dari nilai Ad (0,213 m2), maka nilai
Aap yang digunakan pada perhitungan head loss di downcomer
(hdc)
 Head loss in the downcomer (hdc)

2
 Lm, max 
hdc = 166  
  L Aap 
2
 13,680 kg/s 
= 166  3 
 733,744kg / m 0,046 
= 0,00012 mm
 Back up di downcomer (hb)
hb = (hw+ how) + ht + hdc
= (78,231) + 110,850 + 0,00012
= 189,081 mm
= 0,189 m
(plate spacing + weir height)/2 = 0,275 m
hb harus lebih kecil dari (plate spacing + weir height)/2, Ketentuan bahwa
nilai hb harus lebih kecil dari (plate spacing + weir height)/2, telah terpenuhi.
(J.M.Coulson..p.474)
Check resident time (tr)

Ad hbc  L
tr =
Lm, maks
0,213 m 2 . 0,189m .733,744kg / m 3

=
14,033kg / s
= 2.107 s
Check Entrainment
 Persen flooding actual.
Uv maks
uv =
An
6,474m 3 / s
=
1,563 m 2
= 4,162 m/s
uv
% flooding = x100
uf
4,142m / s
= x100%
4,873 m/s
= 85 %
 Untuk nilai FLV = 0,040 dari figure 11.29 JM. Couldson ed 6
Didapat nilai ψ = 0,060
Ketentuan bahwa nilai ψ harus lebih kecil dari 1, telah terpenuhi.
e. Trial plate layout

Digunakan plate type cartridge, dengan 50 mm unperforted strip
mengelilingi pinggir plate dan 50 mm wide calming zones.
lw 1,143m
 Dari figure 11.32 JM. Couldson ed 6 pada = = 0,760
Dc 1,504m
Di dapat nilai θC = 100O
 Sudut subtended antara pinggir plate dengan unperforated strip (θ)
θ = 180 - θC
= 180 – 100
= 80O
 Mean length, unperforated edge strips (Lm)
  
Lm = Dc  hw x 3,14  
 180 
 80 
= 1,504m  0,050m  x 3,14  
 180 
= 2,029 m
 Area of unperforated edge strip (Aup)
Aup = hw . Lm
= 0,050 m . 2,029 m
= 0,101 m2
 Mean length of calming zone (Lcz)
 
Lcz = ( Dc  hw) sin  C 
 2 
 96 
= (1,504 m  0,050 m) sin  
 2
= 1,081 m
 Area of calming zone (Acz)
Acz = 2 ( Lcz . hw)
= 2 (1,081 m . 0,050m)
= 0,108 m2
 Total area perforated (Ap)
Ap = Aa – (Aup + Acz)
= 1,350 m2 – (0,101 + 0,108) m2
= 1,140 m2
Dari figure 11.33 JM. Couldson ed 6 di dapat nilai Ip/dh = 2,75
untuk nilai Ah/Ap = 0,115 .
Nilai Ip/dh = 2,750, harus berada dalam range 2,5 – 4.0 .
 Jumlah holes
Area untuk 1 hole (Aoh)
dh 2
Aoh = 3,14
4
(5 x10 3 m) 2
= 3,14
4
= 0,00001963 m2
Ah
Jumlah holes =
Aoh
0,135m 2
=
0,00001963m 2
= 6.878,814 holes
= 6.879 holes
f. Ketebalan kolom bagian atas.

Ketebalan dinding bagian head, thead
P.Da
t=  Cc ( Peter Tabel.4 Hal 537)
2.S.E j  0,2.P
Ketebalan dinding bagian silinder, tsilinder
P.ri
S .E j  0,6.P
Keterangan :
P = Tekanan Desain = 0,6 atm
Da = Diameter Kolom = 1,504 m
ri = Jari-jari Kolom = 0,752 m
S = Tekanan kerja yang diperbolehkan = 932,226 atm
Cc = Korosi maksimum = 0,003 m
Ej = Efisien pengelasan = 0,85
0,6atm x 1,504 m
thead =  0,003 m
2.(932,226 atm x 0,85)  0,2 x 0,6 atm
= 0,004 m = 0,358 cm
0,6atm x 0,752m
tsilinder =  0,003 m
(932,226 atm x 0,85)  0,6 x 0,6 atm
= 0,004 m
= 0,358 cm
Sehingga :
OD = ID + 2tsilinder
= 1,504 m + 2 (0,004 m)
= 1,511 m
D. Desain kolom bagian bawah (Striping section)

a. Data fisik untuk stripping section
F = 41.119,744 kg/jam
L = 18.163,581 kg/jam
V = 41.119,789 kg/jam
q = 1
q =
L '  L  (RE.Treyball, Eq.9.126)
F
V’ = V  ( q 1) F (RE.Treyball, Eq.9.127)
L’ = F + L
= 41.119,744 kg/jam + 18.163,581 kg/jam
= 59.283,325 kg/jam
= 16,468 kg/det
V’ = V
= 41.119,789 kg/jam
= 11,422 kg/det
Data Fisik Vapour Liquid

Mass Flow rate (kg/det) 11,422 16,468
Density (kg/m3) 2,201 926,494
Volumetric Flow rate (m3/det) 5,190 0,018
b. Diameter kolom
 Liquid –Vapour Flow Factor (FLV)
LW V
FLV =
VW L
59.283,325 kg / jam 2,201kg / m 3

FLV =
41.119,789 kg / jam 926,494 kg/ m 3
= 0,048
 Ditentukan tray spacing = 0,5 m
 Dari figure 11.27 buku Chemical Engineering, vol. 6, . JM. Couldson
didapat nilai konstanta K1 = 0,082
 Kecepatan Flooding (uf)
 L  V
uf = K1
V
926,494 kg / m 3  2,201kg / m 3
= 0,360
2,201kg / m 3
= 7,370 m/s

 Desain untuk 85% flooding pada maksimum flow rate ( u )

u = 0,85 . uf
= 0,85 . 7.370 m/s
= 6,264 m/s
 Maksimum volumetric flow rate (Uv maks)
V
Uv maks =
 V . 3600
41.119,789 kg / jam
=
2,201kg / m 3 . 3600
= 5,190 m3/s
 Net area yang dibutuhkan (An)
U V maks
An = 
u
5,190 m 3 / s
=
6,264 m / s
= 0,828 m2
 Cross section area dengan 12 % downcomer area (Ac)
An
Ac =
1  0,2
0,828 m 2
=
1  0,12
= 0,941 m2
 Diameter kolom (Dc)
4 Ac
Dc =
3,14
4 (0,941 m 2 )
=
3,14
= 1,095 m
c. Desain plate
 Diameter kolom (Dc) = 1,095 m
 Luas area kolom (Ac)
Dc 2 . 3,14
Ac =
4
(1,095 m) 2 . 3,14
=
4
= 0,941 m2
 Downcomer area (Ad)
Ad = persen downcomer x Ac
= 0,12 (0,941 m2)
= 0,113 m2
 Net area (An)

An = Ac – Ad
= 0.941 m2– 0,113 m2
= 0,828 m2
 Active area (Aa)
Aa = Ac – 2 Ad
= 0,941 m2 – 2 (0,113 m2)
= 0,715 m2
 Hole area (Ah) ditetapkan 10% dari Aa sebagai trial pertama
Ah = 10 % . Aa
= 10% . 0,715 m2
= 0,072
 Nilai weir length (lw) ditentukan dari figure 11.31, JM. Couldson ed 6
Ad 0,113
Ordinat = x 100 = x 100 = 12.000
Ac 0,941
Iw
Absisca = = 0,760
Dc
Sehingga :
lw = Dc . 0,76
= 1,095 m . 0,76
= 1,795 m
 Penentuan nilai weir height (hw) , hole diameter (dh), dan plate
thickness, (nilai ini sama untuk kolom atas dan kolom bawah)
Weir height (hw) = 50 mm ((J M.Couldson. p.571)
Hole diameter (dh) = 5 mm ((J M.Couldson. p.573)
Plate thickness = 5 mm ((J M.Couldson. p.573)
d. Pengecekan
Check weeping
 Maximum liquid rate (Lm,max)
L
Lm,max =
3600
59.283,325 kg/jam
= = 16,468 kg/s
3600
 Minimum liqiud rate (Lm,min)
Minimum liquid rate pada 70 % liquid turn down ratio
Lm,min = 0,7 Lm, max
= 0,7 (16,468 kg/s)
= 11,527 kg/s
 Weir liquid crest (how)

2
 Lm  3
how = 750  
  l Iw 
2
 Lm, maks  3
how,maks = 750  
  l Iw 
2
 16,468 kg / s  3
= 750  3 
 926,494kg / m . 0,832m 
= 5,773 mm liquid
2
 Lm, min  3
how,min = 750  
  l Iw 
2
 11,527 kg / s  3
= 750  3 
 926,494 kg / m . 0,832m 
= 4,551 mm liquid
Pada rate minimum

hw + how = 50 mm + 4,551 mm
= 54,551 mm
Dari figure 11.30 JM. Couldson ed 6, diperoleh K2 = 31,00
 Minimum design vapour velocity (ŭh)
Ŭh =
K 2  0,90 25,4  dh
 V  2
1
=
31  0,90 25,4  5
1
2
1,629
= 0,349 m/s
 Actual minimum vapour velocity (Uv,min actual)
minimum vapour rate
Uv,min actual =
Ah
70% x 5,190 m 3 /s
=
0,072m 2
= 5,078 m/s
 Jadi minimum operating rate berada diatas nilai weep point.
Plate pressure drop

 Jumlah maksimum vapour yang melewati holes (Ǚh)
Uv, maks
Ǚh =
Ah
16,834 m 3 /s
=
0,333m 2
= 50,575 m/s
 Dari figure 11.34 JM. Couldson ed 6, untuk :
Plate thicness
= 1
hole diameter
Ah Ah
= = 0,1
Ap Aa
Ah
x 100 = 10
Ap
Sehingga didapat nilai Orifice coeficient (Co) = 0,845
 Dry plate drop (hd)

2
   
Uh
hd = 51   V
 Co   L
 
2
 5,078 m/s  2,201kg / m 3
= 51  
 0,845  926,494 kg / m
3
= 3,964 mm liquid
 Residual head (hr)
12,5 .10 3
hr =
L
12,5 .10 3
hr =
1.233,024kg / m 3
= 10,138 mm liqiud
 Total pressure drop (ht)

ht = hd + (hw + how) + hr
= 3,964 mm+ 54,551mm + 10,138 mm
= 68,653 mm liquid
Selisih nilai total pressure drop harus lebih besar dari 100 mm
liquid, maka desain dapat diterima. (Coulson p.474)
Downcomer liquid backup

 Downcomer pressure loss (hap)
hap = hw – 10 mm
= 50 – 10
= 40 mm
 Area under apron (Aap)
Aap = hap . lw
= 40 x 10-3m . 0,832 m
= 0,05 m2
Karena nilai Aap lebih kecil dari nilai Ad, maka nilai Aap yang
digunakan pada perhitungan head loss di downcomer (hdc)
 Head loss in the downcomer (hdc)
2
 Lm, max 
hdc = 166  
  L Aap 
2
 16,468 kg/s 
= 166  3 2 
 926,494kg / m . 0,832m 
= 0,00013 mm
 Back up di downcomer (hb)
hb = (hw + how) + ht + hdc
= 54,551 mm+ 68,653 mm+ 0,00013 mm
= 123,204 mm
= 0,123 m
(plate spacing + weir height)/2 = 0,275 m.
hb harus lebih kecil dari (plate spacing + weir height)/2
Ketentuan bahwa nilai hb harus lebih kecil dari (plate spacing +
weir height)/2, telah terpenuhi.
Check resident time (tr)

Ad hbc  L
tr =
Lm, maks
0,113 m 2 . 0,123m .926,494kg / m 3

=
16,468 kg / s
= 0,783 s
Ketentuan bahwa nilai tr harus lebih besar dari 3 s, telah terpenuhi
Check Entrainment
 Persen flooding actual.
Uv maks
uv =
An
5,190 m 3 / s
=
0,828 m 2
= 6,264 m/s
uv
% flooding = x 100
uf
6,264m/s
= x 100
7,370 m/s
= 85
 Untuk nilai FLV = 0,048 dari figure 11.29

Didapat nilai ψ = 0,8 00
Ketentuan bahwa nilai ψ harus lebih kecil dari 1 telah terpenuhi.
e. Trial plate layout

Digunakan plate type cartridge, dengan 50 mm unperforted strip
mengelilingi pinggir plate dan 50 mm wide calming zones.
Iw
 Dari figure 11.32 JM. Couldson ed 6 pada = 0,760
Dc
Di dapat nilai θC = 100OC
 Sudut subtended antara pinggir plate dengan unperforated strip (θ)
θ = 180 - θC
= 180 – 100
= 80OC
 Mean length, unperforated edge strips (Lm)
  
Lm = Dc  hw x 3,14  
 180 
= 1,095 m  50 x 10 3 m  x 3,14 
 80 

 180 
= 1,458 m
 Area of unperforated edge strip (Aup)
Aup = hw . Lm
= 50 x 10-3 m . 1,458 m
= 0,073 m2
 Mean length of calming zone (Lcz)

 
Lcz = ( Dc  hw) sin  C 
 2 
 96 
= (1,095m  50 x 10 3 m) sin  
 2 
= 0,776 m
 Area of calming zone (Acz)
Acz = 2 ( Lcz . hw)
= 2 ( 0,776 m . 50 .10-3m)
= 0,078 m2
 Total area perforated (Ap)
Ap = Aa – (Aup + Acz)
0,715 m2– (0,073 + 0,078) m2
= 0,565 m2
Dari figure 11.33 JM. Couldson ed 6 di dapat nilai Ip/dh = 2,75

untuk nilai Ah/Ap = 0,127
Nilai Ip/dh = 2,750, harus berada dalam range 2,5 – 4.0 .
 Jumlah holes
Area untuk 1 hole (Aoh)
dh 2
Aoh = 3,14
4
(5 x10 3 m 2
= 3,14
4
= 0,00001963 m2
Ah
Jumlah holes =
Aoh
0,072m 2
=
0,00001963m 2
= 3.645,577 holes
= 3.645,000 holes
f. Ketebalan minimum kolom bagian bawah.
Ketebalan dinding bagian head, thead
P.Da
2.S.E j  0,2.P
Ketebalan dinding bagian silinder, tsilinder
P.ri
S .E j  0,6.P
Dimana :
P = Tekanan Design = 1 atm
Da = Diameter Kolom = 1,095 m
ri = Jari-jari Kolom = 0,548 m
S = Tekanan kerja maksimum = 932,226 atm
Cc = Korosi maksimum = 0,003 m
Ej = Efisien pengelasan = 0,850
1atm x 1,095 m
thead =  0,003 m
2.(932,226 atm x 0,850)  0,2 x 1 atm
= 0,004m
= 0,4 cm
1atm x 0,548m
tsilinder =  0,003 m
(932,226 atm x 0,85)  0,6 x 1atm
= 0,004 m
= 0,4 cm
Sehingga :
OD = ID + 2tsilinder
= 1,095 m + 2 (0,004m)
= 1,102 m
E. Total Pressure Drop

Pressure drop per plate
 Rectifying Section = 110,850 mm liquid
= 110,850 mm x10-3 m x 9,8 m/s2x 994,9345 kg/m3
= 1.080,830 Pa
 Stripping Section = 68,653 mm liquid
= 68,653 mm x 10-3 m x 9,8 m/s2 x 994,9345 kg/m3
= 669,338 Pa
Total Pressure Drop = (N1 x P1) + (N2 x P2)
= (1.080,830 Pa x 8000) + (669,338 Pa x 10.000)
= 15.340,521 Pa
= 0,151 atm
F. Tinggi Kolom Destilasi

H = [(N1+1)Tray spacing1 + (N2+1)Tray spacing2]
= [(18,741 . 0,5) + (4,024 . 0,5)]
= 11,500 m
Heatas = tinggi tutup ellipsoidal atas

= ¼ x ID
= ¼ x 1,803m
= 0,451 m
Hebawah= tinggi tutup ellipsoidal bawah

= ¼ x ID
= ¼ x 2,362 m
= 0,591 m
Ht = H + Heatas + Hebawah
= 11,500 m + 0,451 m + 0,591 m
= 12,541 m
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Kolom Destilasi
Alat Kode KD-01
Jenis Sieve Tray Tower
Jumlah 1 buah
Operasi Kontinyu
Fungsi Memisahkan etanol dan air
DATA DESAIN
Top Bottom
Tekanan 0,600 Atm 1,00 Atm
Temperatur 67,096 oC 98,787 oC
KOLOM
Tinggi kolom 12,541 m
Material Carbon Steel
Top Bottom
Diameter 1,435 M 1,095 m
Tray spacing 0,500 M 0,500 m
Jumlah tray 8,000 Buah 10,000 buah
Tebal silinder 0,004 M 0,004 m
Tebal head 0,004 M 0,004 m
PELAT
Top Bottom
2 2
Downcomer area 0,213 m 0,113 m
2 2
Active area 1,350 m 0,715 m
Hole Diameter 5,000 Mm 5,000 mm
2 2
Hole area 0,135 m 0,072 m
Tinggi weir 50,000 Mm 50,000 mm
Panjang weir 1,143 M 0,832 m
Tebal pelat 5,000 Mm 5,000 mm
Pressure drop per tray 110,850 mm liquid 68,653 mm liquid
Tipe aliran cairan Single pass Single pass
Desain % flooding 85,000 % 85,000 %
Jumlah hole 6.879,000 Buah 3.646,000 Buah
17. KOLOM DESTILASI - 02 (KD-02)

Dengan Perhitungan yang sama untuk Kolom Distilasi selanjutnya analog dengan
perhitungan Kolom Distilasi KD-01.
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Kolom Destilasi
Alat Kode KD-02
Jenis Sieve Tray Tower
Jumlah 1 buah
Operasi Kontinyu
Fungsi Memisahkan etanol dan etil asetat
DATA DESAIN
Top Bottom
Tekanan 0,370 atm 1,00 Atm
Temperatur 55,071 oC 78,335 oC
KOLOM
Tinggi kolom 20,040 m
Top Bottom
Diameter 1,245 m 2,916 m
Tray spacing 0,500 m 0,500 m
Jumlah tray 6,000 Buah 32,000 buah
Tebal silinder 0,284 m 0,005 m
Tebal head 0,232 m 0,005 m
PELAT
Top Bottom
2 2
Downcomer area 0,146 m 0,801 m
2 2
Active area 0,924 m 5,073 m
Hole Diameter 5,000 Mm 5,000 mm
2 2
Hole area 0,092 m 0,507 m
Tinggi weir 50,000 mm 50,000 mm
Panjang weir 0,946 m 2,216 m
Tebal pelat 5,000 mm 5,000 mm
Pressure drop per tray 323,196 mm liquid 481,872 mm liquid
Tipe aliran cairan Single pass Single pass
Desain % flooding 85,000 % 85,000 %
Jumlah hole 44.415,000 Buah 51.609,000 Buah
18. KOMPRESOR- 01 (K-01)

Fungsi : Untuk menaikkan tekanan keluaran MP-01
Tipe : Centrifugal Compressor
Gambar :
1. Data :
Laju alir massa (w) = 57407,4074 kg/jam
Densitas () = 9,3578 kg/m3
Cp campuran
k = = 1,0004
Cp cam  R
2. Kondisi Operasi :
Tekanan, Pin = 1 atm
Pout = 5 atm
Temperatur, Tin = 118,100 0C
3. Volumetric Flowrate, Q
W
Q =

= 3611,3592 ft3/min
4. Power Kompresor (Pw)
0,0643 k T Q1  P 
( k  1) / k

Pw =  2   1 (McCabe, 2009)
520 (k  1)   P1  
Dimana :
K = 1,0004
 = 0,8000
P2 = 5 atm
P1 = 1 atm
Q = 3611,3592 ft3/min
1, 2071 1 / 1, 2071
0,0643 .(1,2071) .(91). (15102,3040 )  2  
Pw =    1
520 (1,2071  1) 0,80  1  
= 93,3970 Hp
5. Rasio Kompresi, Rc
Rc = (Pout / Pin) (E. E. Ludwig, 1999)
= (5 atm / 1 atm)
= 5,000
Jumlah stage, n =1
Rc perstage = (Rc)1/n (E. E. Ludwig, 1999)
= (5)1/1
= 5
6. Pada Stage 1
Pi = 1 atm
RC1 = (Po* / Pi)
Maka :
Po* = Rc1 x Pi
= 5 x 1 atm
= 5,000 atm
Temperatur yang keluar dari Kompressor stage 1 :
( K 1) / Kn
 
T2 = T1  P2  (E. E. Ludwig, 1999)
 p 1 
= TinRc(K-1)/Kn
= 118,1749 oC
7. Kapasitas Kompressor
Laju alir volumetrik = 3611,3592 ft3/min
faktor keamanan = 10%
maka :
kapasitas kompressor = (100% + 10%) x 3611,3592 ft3/min
= 3972,4951 ft3/min
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Kompresor 01
Kode Alat K-01
Jumlah 1 buah
Untuk mengalirkan & menaikkan tekanan gas
Fungsi
dari Vaporizer-01 menuju Mixing Point-02
DATA DESIGN
Tipe Centrifugal Compressor
o
DATA MEKANIK
o
Tekanan masuk 1 Atm
Power 93,397 Hp
Bahan konstruksi Carbon and Steel Alloy
19. KOMPRESOR - 02 (K-02)
Dari perhitungan yang sama maka untuk kompressor selanjutnya dihitung dengan
cara analog dengan perhitungan kompressor K-01.
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Kompresor 02
Kode Alat K-02
Jumlah 1 buah
untuk mengalirkan dan menaikkan tekanan
Fungsi
gas dari mixing point-02 menuju reaktor-01
DATA DESIGN
Tipe Centrifugal Compressor
o
DATA MEKANIK
o
Tekanan masuk 5 Atm
Power 299,257 Hp
Bahan konstruksi Carbon and Steel Alloy
20. PARTIAL CONDENSOR - 01 (PC-01)
Fungsi : Mengubah sebagian fase crude etanol sebelum masuk FD-01
Gambar :
Aliran inlet
Shell
Tube
Rear End
Head
Aliran outlet
Water in
Fluida Panas : Produk reaktor-01

W = 66.804,593 kg/hr = 147.278,740 lb/hr
T1 = 155 oC = 311,000 oF
T2 = 155 oC = 311,000 oF
Fluida Dingin : Air Pendingin
w = 85.202,804 kg/hr = 187.839,805 lb/hr
t1 = 28 oC = 82,400 oF
t2 = 50 oC = 122,000 oF
1. Beban Panas PC-01
Q = 17.853.473,026 kJ/hr
= 16.922.075,190 Btu/hr
2. LMTD
311,000 Suhu tinggi 122,000 189,000
311,000 Suhu rendah 82,400 228,600
Selisih -39,600
t 2  t1
LMTD =
ln (t 2 / t1 )
= 288,600 oF
t = 228,600 oF
T1  T 2
Tavg =
2
= 311,000 oF
t1  t 2
tavg =
2
= 102,200 oF
Q
A =
U D . t
16.922.075,190
=
80 𝑥 228,600
= 925,310 ft2
BWG = 18
Pass =4
a” = 0,2618 ft2/lin ft
A
L x a"
Jumlah tube, Nt =
925,310
=
16 𝑥 0,2618
= 220,900
Dari tabel. 9 Kern, didapat nilai yang mendekati Nt perhitungan adalah

Nt = 217
A = Nt x L x a''
= 217 x 16 ft x 0,2618 ft2
= 908,969 ft2
Q
UD =
U D . t
= 81,44
shell :
Shell = Air pendingin
Pass =4

Nt  a ' t
144  n
217 𝑥 1,040
=
144 𝑥 4
= 0,3918 ft2
 Laju Alir, Gt
Gt = W/at
147.278,740
= 0,3918
= 375.897,530 lb/hr.ft2
μ = 0,0147 cp = 0,0355 lb/ft hr
Ret = ID.Gt/ μ
= 1.014.706,845
Jh = 1000 (Fig.24, Kern)
 Nilai hi
 c. 
  = 0,0016
 k 
0 ,14
 k   Cp     
1/ 3
hi  J H      
 D  k   w 
0 ,14
  
 w 

= 1,5625 – 1
= 0,3125 in
 Flow Area, as
29 x 0,3125 x 14,50
= 144 𝑥 1,5625
= 0,584 ft2
 Laju Alir, Gs
Gs = w/as
427.400,031 𝑙𝑏/ℎ𝑟
=
0,584 ft2
= 731.814,560 lb/hr.ft2
μ = 0,664 cp = 1,607 lb/ft hr
GS De
Res =

= 34.536,454
Maka:
jH = 120 (Fig.28, Kern)
 Nilai ho
1
 Cp.  3
  = 0,2536
 k 
ho = jH . (k/De). (Cpμ/k)1/3
= 146,181 Btu / hr ft2 oF

hio  ho
UC =
hio  ho
9. Dirt Factor, Rd
U C U D
Rd =
U C U D
10. Pressure drop

 Bagian tube
Untuk NRe = 1.014.706,845
s = 0,1821
f Gt 2 L n
ΔPt =
5, 22 x 10 10 x De s f t
= 0,2482 psi
V2 / 2g = 0,02 (Fig 27, Kern)
ΔPr = ( 4n/s ) ( V2/2g )

= 1,7572 Psi
ΔPT = ΔPt + ΔPr
= 0,2482 psi + 1,7572 Psi
= 2,0053 psi
 Shell Side
Re = 34.536,455
f = 0,0015 (Fig.29, Kern)
N+1 = 12 L / B
= 158,900
Ds = 2,4167 ft
s =1
fGs2 Ds ( N  1)
ΔPs =
5,22 1010 Desf s
= 7,793 psi
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Parsial Condensor-01
Kode PC-01
Jumlah 1
Fungsi Mengubah fase keluaran R-01
DATA DESAIN
TUBE SIDE
Length 16 Ft
OD 1,25 In
Passes 4
BWG 18
Nt 217 tubes
ΔPT 2,005 Psi
SHELL SIDE
ID 29 in
B 14,5 in
Passes 4
ΔPs 7,793 psi
21. POMPA- 01 (P-01)
Fungsi : Mengalirkan larutan asam asetat menuju Vaporizer (VP-01)
Tipe : Centrifugal pump
Bahan Konstruksi : Carbon Steel
Gambar :
Data Desain
Temperatur, T : 30 C
Flowrate, ms : 2870,3704 kg/jam
Densitas fluida,  : 884,600 kg/m3
Viskositas, : 0,3993 cp
Tekanan uap, Puap : 122,0567 mmHg
Faktor keamanan, f : 10 %
1. Kapasitas Pompa, Qf
mf = (1+ f ) x ms
= (1 + 0,01) x 2870,3704 lb/jam
= 120,7106 lb/min
mf
Qf =

120,7106 lb/min
=
58,553 𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡 3
= 2,0616 ft3/min
= 0,0344 ft3/sec
= 15,4216 gal/min
2. Menentukan Ukuran Pipa
Diameter Pipa
Untuk aliran turbulent yang mempunyai range viskositas 0,02 – 20 cp maka
digunakan rumus diameter dalam optimum pipa
Dopt = 3,9 Qf 0,45 x 0,13 (Peter, 1991)
= 3,9 x (0,0344 ft3/sec)0,45 x 58,553 lb/ft3) 0,13
= 1,4523 in
Dari tabel 10-18 Properties of steel pipe, Perry's chemical Engineers'

Handbook, hal 10-72 – 10-74, dimensi pipa yang digunakan adalah :
a) Untuk Suction Pipe

IPS = 2,5 in
SN = 40
ID = 2,469 in
OD = 2,875 in
Ls =3m
a” = 1,704 in2
b) Untuk Discharge Pipe
IPS = 2 in
SN = 40
ID = 2,067 in
OD = 2,375 in
Ld =7m
a” = 0,023 in2
3. Perhitungan Pada Suction

a. Suction friction loss
Suction velocity
Qf
Vs =
a"
= 1,474 ft/sec
= 5308,748 ft/jam
V2
= 0,0338 ft. lbf/lb
2 gc
Reynold Number
D .V . 
NRe =

= 90.086,3962
Material yang digunakan untuk konstruksi pipa adalah “Commercial Steel
Pipe”
Dari figure 14-1. Fanning friction factors for long straight pipes. Peter, hal
482, diperoleh :
Equivalent roughness,  = 0,0002 ft
 0,0002 𝑓𝑡
=
D 0,256 𝑓𝑡
= 0,0009
Pada NRe = 90.086,3962 dan ε/D = 0,0009, dari figure 14-1. Fanning friction
factors for long straight pipes. Peter, hal 482, diperoleh :
fanning factor, f = 0,0045
b. Skin friction loss, Hfs
2  f  L V2
H  x (Peter, 1991)
fs D gc
Equivalentlength dari fitting dan valve diperoleh dari Tabel II.1 Alat
Industri Kimia, Prof. Dr. Ir. Syarifuddin Ismail, hal 35 :
Elbow 90o std : 32
Gate valve :7
jadi equivalent length dari fitting dan valve = 1 elbow 90o std + 1 gate valve
= 2 (32)+ 1 (7)
= 71
L = Ls + (Lfitting . ID)
= 0,0009 ft
Maka :
2  f  L V2
H  x
fs D gc
= 0,069 ft. lbf/lb
c. Sudden Contraction Friction Loss, Hfc
Kc V 2
H   (Peter, 1991)
fc 2α gc
Dimana :
Kc = 0,4 (1 – Sb / Sa)
Sa = Luas penampang 1 = A>>>
Sb = Luas penampang 2, = A <<<
 = 1 untuk aliran turbulent
Sb/ Sa diabaikan karena luas Sa sangat besar dibandingkan dengan luas Sb
Maka :
Kc = 0,4 (1– A2/A1 )
= 0,4 (1-1)
= 0,4
1 V2
H  Kc x x
fc 2  gc
= 0,0068 ft. lbf/lb
d. Fitting dan Valve Friction Loss, Hff

V2
H Kf x (Pers. II.7, Syarifuddin)
ff 2 gc
Nilai Kf diperoleh dari Tabel II.2 Alat Industri Kimia, Prof. Dr. Ir.
Syarifuddin Ismail, hal 35 :
Elbow 90o std : 0,9
Gate valve, wide open : 0,2
Kf = 2 elbow 90o std + 1 gate valve
= 1 (0,9) + 1 (0,2)
=2
V2
H Kf x
ff 2 gc
= 0,0676 ft.lbf/lb
e. Total Suction Friction Loss, Hf suc

Hf suc = Hfs + Hfc + Hff
= 0,1177 ft. lbf/lb
D
A VZ-01
T-01 C
B
P-01
f. Suction Head, Hsuc

Pa  Pb
Za  Zb  Va Vb  Hf
2 2
g

 gc 2 g
Za =3m
Zb =0m
Static suction, Zs = Za – Zb = 9,8425 ft
g/gc = 1 lbf/lb
static suction head, Hs =

g
Za  Zb
gc
= 1 lbf/lb x 9,8425 ft
= 9,8425 ft. lbf/lb
Pressure head, Hp :
Pa = 1 atm = 14,6960 psi = 2.116,2240 lbf/ft2
Pa
= 72,2841 ft. lbf/lb

Velocity head, Hv
Va – Vb = 0
Hv = 0 ft. lbf/lb
Maka :
Pa  Pb Va 2 Vb2
 Za  Zb 
g
 Hf
 gc 2 g
Pb g
Pa Va 2  Vb2
= + ( Za  Zb) + - Hf
  gc 2 g
Pb
= 82,0090 ft. lbf/lb

Pb = 4801,8676 lbf/ft2
= 33,3463 psi
g. Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)

Vapor Pressure Corection, Hp uap
Puap
Hp uap =

= 67,3031 ft/lbf/lb
Total NPSH = Hsuc - Hp uap
= 14,7059 ft/lbf/lb
4. Perhitungan Pada Discharge
a. Discharge friction loss
Discharge velocity
Qf
Vd =
a"
= 2,4299 ft/sec
= 8747,7953 ft/jam
V2
= 0,0918 ft. lbf/lb
2g c
D .V . 
Reynold Number, NRe =

= 115624,8347
Material yang digunakan untuk konstruksi pipa adalah “Commercial Steel
Pipe”
Dari figure 14-1. Fanning friction factors for long straight pipes. Peter, hal
482, diperoleh :
Equivalent roughness,  = 0,0002 ft

= 0,0011
D
Pada NRe = 115.501,3240 dan ε/D = 0,001, dari figure 14-1. Fanning friction
factors for long straight pipes. Peter, hal 482, diperoleh :
fanning factor, f = 0,0045
b. Skin friction loss, Hfs

2  f  L V2
H  x (Peter, 1991)
fs D gc
Equivalent length dari fitting dan valve diperoleh dari Tabel II.1 Alat
Industri Kimia, Prof. Dr. Ir. Syarifuddin Ismail, hal 35 :
Elbow 90o std : 32
Gate valve :7
jadi equivalent length dari fitting dan valve = 2 elbow 90o std + 1 gate
valve
= 71
L = Ls + (Lfitting . ID)
= 0,200 ft
Maka :
2  f  L V2
H  x
fs D gc
= 0,200 ft. lbf/lb
c. Sudden Contraction Friction Loss, Hfc

Kc V 2
H   (Peter, 1991)
fc 2α gc
Dimana :
Kc = 0,4 (1 – Sb / Sa)
Sa = Luas penampang 1 = A>>>
Sb = Luas penampang 2, = A <<<
 = 1 untuk aliran turbulent
Sb/ Sa diabaikan karena luas Sa sangat besar dibandingkan dengan luas Sb
Maka :
Kc = 0,4 (1 – A2/A1 )
= 0,500
1 V2
H  Kc x x
fc 2  gc
= 0,0229 ft. lbf/lb
d. Fitting dan Valve Friction Loss, Hff

V2
H Kf x (Pers. II.7, Syarifuddin)
ff 2 gc
nilai Kf diperoleh dari Tabel II.2 Alat Industri Kimia, Prof. Dr. Ir.
Syarifuddin Ismail, hal 35 :
Elbow 90o std : 0,9
Gate valve : 1,8
jadi nilai Kf = 2 elbow 90o std + 1 gate valve

=2
V2
H Kf x
ff 2 gc
= 0,0918 ft . lbf/lb
e. Total Discharge Friction Loss, Hf dis

Hf dis = Hfs + Hfc + Hff
= 0,3147 ft. lbf/ lb
D
A V-01
T-01 C
B
P-01
g. Suction Head, Hsu

Pc  Pd
Zc  Zd  Vc Vd  Hf
2 2
g

 gc 2 g
Zc =0m
Zd =4 m
Static suction, Zs = Zd – Zc = 13,1234 ft
g/gc = 1 lbf/lb
static suction, head, Hs =

g
Zd  Zc 
gc
= 1 lbf/lb x 13,1234 ft
= 13,1234 ft. lbf/lb
Pressure head, Hp :
Pd = 1,1 atm
Pd 2327,838 lbf/ft2
=
 64,835 lb/ft 3
= 79,5125 ft. lbf/lb
Velocity head, Hv
Vc – Vd = 0
Hv = 0 ft. lbf/lb
Maka :
Pc  Pd
Zc  Zd  Vc Vd  Hf
2 2
g

 gc 2 g
Pc Pd g Vd 2 Vc 2
= + ( Zd  Zc) + - Hf
  gc 2 g
Pc
= 92,3212 ft. lbf/lb

Pc = 92,3212 ft. lbf/lb x 64,835 lb/ft3

= 5405,6775 lbf/ft2
= 37,5394 Psi
h. Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)

Vapor Pressure Corection, Hp uap
Puap
Hp uap =

53,619 lbf/ft 2
=
64,835 lb/ft 3
= 0,827 ft
Total NPSH = Hsuc - Hp uap
= (13,1234 ft – 0,827 ft)
= 12,2964 ft
5. Differential Pressure (Total Pump), ΔP

Differential pressure = Discharge pressure – Suction pressure
= 4,1931 psi
6. Total Head
Total head = Discharge head – Suction head
= 10,3122 ft. lbf/lb
7. Effisiensi Pompa, 
Kapasitas pompa, Qf = 15,4216 gal/min
Efisiensi pompa diperoleh dari figure 14-37 efficiencies of centrifugal pump,
Peters 4th edition hal 520 diperoleh:
Effisiensi pompa,  = 61 %
8. Break Horse Power (BHP)

Persamaan Bernoulli :
P V 2
Ws =  Z   H f
 2 gc
= 10,3122 ft.lbf/lb
m f  Ws
BHP =
p
BHP = 2894,8665 ft. lbf/min
= 0,0877 Hp
9. Requirement Driver (Besarnya Tenaga Pompa)

BHP
MHP =
Effisiensi motor
Dari gambar 14-38, efficiencies of three-phase motor, Peter (hal 521)
diperoleh :
Effisiensi motor = 80%
Jadi :
MHP = 0,1097 Hp
Dipilih pompa = 1 Hp
IDENTIFIKASI
Mengalirkan larutan etil asetat menuju Mixing

Fungsi
Point (MP-01)
Tipe Centrifugal Pump
Temperatur. oC 30,000
Densitas. kg/m3 937,928
Laju alir massa. kg/jam 2986,549
Viskositas. Cp 0,245
Tekanan uap. Psi 1415,262
Safety factor. % 10%
Kapasitas pompa. gal/min 15,421
Volumetric Flowrate. ft3/det 0,034
SUCTION DISCHARGE
NPS. In 2 1,5
SN 40 40
ID. In 2,067 1,610
OD. In 2,375 1,900
L. m 3 7
Velocity.ft/s 1,475 6,835
Total friction loss. ft, lbf/lb 0,118 0,315
Tekanan operasi. Psi 33,346 37,539
NPSH. ft, lbf/lb 14,706
Required motor driver. Hp 1,000
Jumlah 1 buah
Bahan Carbon steel
Dengan perhitungan yang sama maka untuk pompa selanjutnya dilakukan
perhitungan cara analog dengan perhitungan pompa P-01.
22. POMPA- 02 (P-02)
IDENTIFIKASI
Mengalirkan larutan asam asetat menuju Mixing

Fungsi
Point (MP-01)
Densitas. kg/m3 1.054,000
Laju alir massa. kg/jam 54.537,037
SUCTION DISCHARGE
NPS. In 3 1,5
SN 40 40
ID. In 3,068 1,610
OD. In 3,500 1,900
L. m 4 7
Jumlah 1 buah
Bahan Carbon steel
23. POMPA- 03 (P-03)
IDENTIFIKASI
Mengalirkan larutan dari Kd-01 yang masuk ke

Fungsi
Reboiler menuju Utilitas
Tekanan uap. Psi 1.480,708
SUCTION DISCHARGE
NPS. In 3,5 1,5
SN 40 40
ID. In 3,55 1,610
OD. In 4 1,900
L. m 5 7
Jumlah 1 buah
Bahan Carbon steel
24. POMPA- 04 (P-04)
IDENTIFIKASI
Mengalirkan Produk Etanol menuju tangki

Fungsi
penyimanan produk
SUCTION DISCHARGE
NPS. In 3,5 3
SN 40 40
ID. In 3,55 3,07
OD. In 4 3,5
L. m 5 5
Jumlah 1 buah
Bahan Carbon steel
25. POMPA- 05 (P-05)
IDENTIFIKASI
Mengalirkan Produk Etanol menuju refluks

Fungsi
Kolom destilasi
SUCTION DISCHARGE
NPS. In 3,5 3
SN 40 40
ID. In 3,55 3,07
OD. In 4 3,5
L. m 5 5
Jumlah 1 buah
Bahan Carbon steel
26. POMPA- 06 (P-06)
IDENTIFIKASI
Fungsi Mengalirkan Produk Etanol menuju Tanki

SUCTION DISCHARGE
NPS. In 3,5 3
SN 40 40
ID. In 3,55 3,07
OD. In 4 3,5
L. m 5 5
Jumlah 1 buah
Bahan Carbon steel
27. REAKTOR - 01 (R-01)
Fungsi : Sebagai tempat terjadinya reaksi antara Asam Asetat, Etil Asetat
dan Hidrogen menjadi Etanol dan Air.
Tipe : Fixed Bed Multi Bed Reactor
Operasi : Kontinyu
Gambar :
Kondisi Operasi :
Temperatur, T = 274,726 oC
Tekanan, P = 18 atm
Konversi Asam Asetat bed 1 = 80 %
Konversi Asam Asetat bed 2 = 90 %
Konversi Etil Asetat bed 1 = 5 %
Konversi Etil Asetat bed 2 = 95 %
Laju alir massa, W = 66804,593 kg/jam
BM rata-rata, BMav = 38,477 kg/mol
Densitas Campuran,  = 5,52 kg/m3
Viskositas Campuran,  = 0,0073 kg/m.s
Data Katalis :
Bed 1
Nama katalis = Platinum (Pt) –Timah (Sn)

Porositas (Φ) = 0,42
Diameter katalis (dp) = 0,003 mm
= 3,000 m
Densitas katalis = 2845,8923 kg/m3
Bed 2
Nama katalis = CuZn-Al2O3
Porositas (Φ) = 0,42
Diameter katalis (dp) = 0,003 mm
= 3,000 m
Densitas katalis = 2845,8923 kg/m3
Reaksi yang terjadi :

Bed 1
CH3COOH + 2H2 CH2H5OH + H2O
CH3COOH + C2H8O2 C2H8O2 + H2O
C2H8O2 + 2H2 2CH2H5OH
Bed 2
CH3COOH + 2H2 CH2H5OH + H2O
C2H8O2 + 2H2 2CH2H5OH
Perhitungan Pada Desain Reaktor

Reaksi 1
1. Volumetric Flowrate Umpan, Qf
M
Qf =

Laju alir Volumetrik (Qf) = 12.102,281 m3/jam
= 3,3617 m3/s
2. Konsentrasi mula-mula, C
a) Konsentrasi umpan CH3COOH, [CAo]
Umpan masuk, (Fao) = 907,133 kmol/jam
Fao
Konsentrasi [CAo] =
Qf
= 0,075 kmol/m3
b) Konsentrasi umpan H2, [CBo]

Umpan masuk (Fbo) = 4698,580 kmol/jam
Fbo
Konsentrasi O2 [CBo] =
Qf
= 0,389 kmol/m3
Reaksi 2
M
Qf =

= 3,3617 m3/s
Fao
Konsentrasi [CAo] =
Qf
= 0,015 kmol/m3
b) Konsentrasi umpan C2H5OH, [CBo]

Fbo
Qf
= 0,060 kmol/m3
Reaksi 3
M
Qf =

= 3,3617 m3/s
a) Konsentrasi umpan CH4H8O2, [CAo]
Fao
Konsentrasi [CAo] =
Qf
= 0,0057 kmol/m3

Fbo
Qf
= 0,2683 kmol/m3
Reaksi 4
M
Qf =

= 3,3617 m3/s

Fao
Konsentrasi [CAo] =
Qf
= 0,012 kmol/m3

Fbo
Qf
= 0,267 kmol/m3
Reaksi 5
M
Qf =

= 3,3617 m3/s
a) Konsentrasi umpan CH4H8O2, [CAo]
Fao
Konsentrasi [CAo] =
Qf
= 0,0054 kmol/m3

Fbo
Qf
= 0,2462 kmol/m3
3. Residence Time
4. Residence Time, = 0,4 _ 30 detik (Sumber: US Patent 9,670119 B2)
Maka diambil, = 15 detik
5. Menentukan Kinetika Reaksi
Reaksi 1 :
k1
CH3COOH + 2H2 C2H5OH + H2O
Reaksi merupakan bentuk reaksi orde dua :

-r1 = k1 . C A . C B (Levenspiel, 1999)
Nilai k dapat dihitung menggunakan persamaan Arrhennius :
k1 = A . e –E/RT (Levenspiel, 1999)

A =
A B  N  1 1 
2
  8 .R.T .  .

 2  10 3
 M A MB 
Dimana diameter partikel :
σA = 4,3992 A = 4,3992 x 10-8 cm (Welty, 2008 )
σB = 6,0168 A = 6,0168 x 10-8 cm
Berat Molekul
MA = 60,052 kg/kmol
MB = 2,0160 kg/kmol
N (Bil. Avogadro) = 6,02 x 1023 A
R = 8,314 kJ/kmol.K
Menentukan Energi Aktivasi

∆Hf 298 CH3COOH = -438.150,000 kJ/kmol
∆Hf 298 CH3OH = 0,000 kJ/kmol
ECH3COOH =  H f 298  R T
= -442.705,041 kJ/kmol
EH2 =  H f 298  R T
= -4.555,041 kJ/kmol
E = (ECH3COOH + ECH3OH) /2
= -223.630,041 kJ/kmol
- E/RT = -223.630,041 / (8,314 kJ/kmol.K) (423,15 K)
= 49,095
Maka:
A  B  N  1 1   E / RT
2
k1 =  2  103 8 .R.T . M  M .e (Smith, J.M, 2001)

   A B 
k1 = 3,79 x 1012 cm3/kmol.s

k1 = 3,79 x 106 m3/kmol.s
Diketahui dari perhitungan:
CAo1 = 0,075 kmol/m3
CBo1 = 0,388 kmol/m3
X = 0,800
k1 = 3,79 x 106 m3/kmol.s
Menghitung laju reaksi:

-r1 = k1[CA][CB]2
-r1 = k1 . CAO2 (1 – X) (M – X)
-r1 = 9,592 x 108 kmol/m3.s
Reaksi 2 :
k2
CH3COOH + C2H5OH C4H8O2


= A B  N  1 1 
2
A
  8 .R.T .  .
  10
3
2  M A MB 
σA = 2,573 A = 2,5728 x 10-8 cm (Welty, 2008 )
σB = 30,247 A = 3,0248 x 10-7 cm
Berat Molekul
MA = 60,052 kg/kmol
MB = 46,069 kg/kmol
R = 8,314 kJ/kmol.K

∆Hf 298 CH3COOH = -438.150,000 kJ/kmol
∆Hf 298 C2H5OH = -235,310 kJ/kmol
= -442.705,041 kJ/kmol
EC2H5OH =  H f 298  R T
= -4.790,351 kJ/kmol
E = (ECH3COOH + EC2H5OH) /2
= -223.747,696 kJ/kmol
- E/RT = -223.747,696 / (8,314 kJ/kmol.K) (423,15 K)
= 49,120
Maka:
A  B  N  1 1   E / RT
2
k2 =  2  103 8 .R.T . M  M .e (Smith, J.M, 2001)

   A B 
k2 = 2,313 x 1013 cm3/kmol.s

k2 = 2,313 x 107 m3/kmol.s

CAo2 = 0,015 kmol/m3
CBo2 = 0,388 kmol/m3
X = 0,050
k2 = 2,313 x 107 m3/kmol.s

-r2 = k2[CA][CB]2
-r2 = k2 . CAO2 (1 – X) (M – X)
-r2 = 2,6984 kmol/m3.s
Reaksi 3 :
k3
C4H8O2 + H2 C2H5OH


A B  N  1 1 
2
  8 .R.T .  .

  10
3
2  M A MB 
A =

σA = 2,2306 A = 2,2306 x 10-8 cm (Welty, 2008 )
σB = 5,3196 A = 5,3196 x 10-8 cm
Berat Molekul
MA = 88,206 kg/kmol
MB = 2,0159 kg/kmol
R = 8,314 kJ/kmol.K

∆Hf 298 C4H8O2 = -426,800 kJ/kmol
∆Hf 298 H2 = 0,000 kJ/kmol
EC4H8O2 =  H f 298  R T
= -4.981,841 kJ/kmol
EH2 =  H f 298  R T
= -4.555,041 kJ/kmol
= -4.768,441 kJ/kmol
- E/RT = -4.768,441 / (8,314 kJ/kmol.K) (423,15 K)
= 1,0468
Maka:
A  B  N  1 1   E / RT
2
K3  =  8 .R.T .  .e (Smith, J.M,

  10
3
2  MA MB 
2001)
K3 = 4,467 x 1012 cm3/kmol.s

K3 = 4,467 x 106 m3/kmol.s
CAo1 = 0,0057 kmol/m3
CBo1 = 0,2683 kmol/m3
X = 0,050
k3 = 4,467 x 106 m3/kmol.s

-r3 = k1[CA][CB]2
-r3 = k1 . CAO2 (1 – X) (M – X)
-r3 = 2,6984 kmol/m3.s
Reaksi 4 :
k4
CH3COOH + 2H2 C2H5OH + H2O


= A B  N  1 1 
2
A   8 .R.T .  .
  10
3
2  M A MB 
σA = 2,2306 A = 2,2306 x 10-8 cm (Welty, 2008 )
σB = 5,3196 A = 5,3196 x 10-8 cm
Berat Molekul
MA = 60,052 kg/kmol
MB = 2,0159 kg/kmol
R = 8,314 kJ/kmol.K

∆Hf 298 CH3COOH = -438,150 kJ/kmol
∆Hf 298 H2 = 0,000 kJ/kmol
= -4.993,191 kJ/kmol
EH2 =  H f 298  R T
= -4.555,041 kJ/kmol
= -4.774,116 kJ/kmol
- E/RT = -(-4.774,116 / (8,314 kJ/kmol.K) (423,15 K)
= 1,0481
Maka:
A  B  N  1 1   E / RT
2
k4 =   8 .R.T .  .e (Smith, J.M, 2001)

  10
3
2  MA MB 
k4 = 2,753 x 10-9 cm3/kmol.s
k4 = 2,753 x 10-15 m3/kmol.s
CAo4 = 0,0120 kmol/m3
CBo4 = 0,2677 kmol/m3
X = 0,900
k4 = 2,753 x 10-15 m3/kmol.s

-r4 = k4[CA][CB]2
-r4 = k4 . CAO2 (1 – X) (M – X)
-r4 = 6,006-13 kmol/m3.s
Reaksi 5 :
k5
C4H8O2 + 2H2 C2H5OH + H2O


= A B  N  1 1 
2
A   8 .R.T .  .
  10
3
2  M A MB 
σA = 6,4187 A = 6,4187 x 10-8 cm (Welty, 2008 )
σB = 5,3196 A = 9,1663 x 10-7 cm
Berat Molekul
MA = 88,206 kg/kmol
MB = 2,0159 kg/kmol
R = 8,314 kJ/kmol.K

∆Hf 298 C4H8O2 = -426,800 kJ/kmol
∆Hf 298 H2 = 0,000 kJ/kmol
EC4H8O2 =  H f 298  R T
= -4.981,841 kJ/kmol
EH2 =  H f 298  R T
= -4.555,041 kJ/kmol
= -4.768,441 kJ/kmol
- E/RT = -4.768,441 / (8,314 kJ/kmol.K) (423,15 K)
= 1,0468
Maka:
A  B  N  1 1   E / RT
2
k5 =  2  103 8 .R.T . M  M .e (Smith, J.M, 2001)

   A B 
k5 = 9,976 x 10-7 cm3/kmol.s

k5 = 9,976 x 10-13 m3/kmol.s
CAo5 = 0,0054 kmol/m3
CBo5 = 0,2462 kmol/m3
X = 0,05
K5 = 9,976 x 10-13 m3/kmol.s

-r5 = k5[CA][CB]2
-r5 = k5 . CAO2 (1 – X) (M – X)
-r5 = 6,1034-15 kmol/m3.s
5. Menentukan Volume Reaktor

Mass flow rate (W) = 66804,593 kg/jam
Densitas (ρ) = 5,520 kg/m3
Volumetric flow rate (Q) = 12.102,281 m3/jam
1) Volume reaktor
Vf =.Q
= 0,00417 jam × 12.102,281 m3/jam
= 50,4262 m3
Vr = (1+f) Vf
= 60,5114 m3
2) Menentukan Volume Katalis (Vk) dan Berat Katalis (Wk)

Menghitung Volume Katalis
Bed 1
f = 0,420
VTR = 60,5114 m3
Vk = (1– Φ). Vr
= (1– 0, 420) . 60,5114 m3
Vk = 35,0966 m3
Menghitung Berat Katalis

ρk = 770 kg/m3
Wk = ρk. Vk
Wk = 2845,892 kg/m3 x 35,0966 m3
= 99.881,189 kg
Bed 2
f = 0,450
VTR = 60,5114 m3
Vk = (1– Φ). Vr
= (1– 0,450) . 60,5114 m3
Vk = 33,2813 m3
Menghitung Berat Katalis

ρk = 1,7462 kg/m3
Wk = ρk. Vk
Wk = 1,7462 kg/m3 x 33,2813 m3
= 58.127,6082 kg
3) Volume Total Reaktor (VRt)
VRt = Vr +Vk
VRt = 60,5114 m3 + (35,0966 + 33,2813 m3)
= 128,8893 m3
4) Menentukan Ukuran Kolom Reaktor
a) Diameter Accumulator, D
Volume Silinder, Vs
Vs = (π/4) D2 HS Dimana : HS = ¾ D
= 3/8 (π D3)
Volume Ellipsoidal, Ve
Ve = (π/6) D2 He Dimana : He = ¼ D
Ve = (1/24) π D3
Volume Total, VR
VR = VS + 2Ve
VR = 3/8. π D3 + 2 (1/24) π .D3
VR = 3/8 .π D3 + 2/24 .π D3
VR = 1,4392 D3
Diameter Tangki, DR
VR
DR =( )1/3
1,4392
DR = 4,4741 m
b) Tinggi Silinder, Hs
Hs = 3/2 DR
Hs = 6,7111 m
c) Tinggi Ellipsoidal, He
He = ¼ DR
= 1,1185 m
d) Tinggi Reaktor, HR
HR = Hs + 2He
HR = 6,7111 m + 1,1185 m
= 8,9481 m
10) Menentukan Tebal Dinding Reaktor, t
P . Da (Peters, 1991)
t C
.2SE  0,2 . P
Dimana :
Tekanan design, P = 18 atm
Jari-jari kolom, ri = 2,237 m
Working stress allowable, S = 932,227 atm (Peters, 1991)
Welding joint efficiency, E = 0,85 (Peters, 1991)
Tebal korosi yang diizinkan, C = 0,003 m
Maka :
P . Da
t C
.2SE  0,2 . P
t = 0,0547 m
11) Outside Diameter Reaktor, OD
OD = ID + 2.t
= 4,4741 m + 2 . (0,0547 m)
OD = 4,5823 m
12) Menentukan Ketebalan Jaket Pendingin
id
OD
H
Keterangan :
Outside Diameter, OD = 4,582 m
Tinggi Silinder, H = 8,948 m
Diameter Reaktor beserta Jaket Bagian Dalam, id
Flowrate Cooling Water (m) = 802.808,878 kg/jam
Densitas Cooling Water () = 1000 kg/m3
Residence Time = 0,0042 jam
m
Volumetric Flowrate =

= 3,345 m3/jam
Volume Jaket Cooling System = Volumetric Flowrate x Residence Time
= 3,345 m3/jam x 0,0042 jam
= 0,0140 m3
VJaket = (Volume Reaktor + Jaket) – (Volume Reaktor)
1 1
VReaktor + Jaket =  (id ) 2 H   (id ) 3
4 24
1 1
VReaktor =  (OD ) 2 H   (OD ) 3
4 24
Maka :
1 1  1 1 
VJaket =   (id ) 2 H   (id ) 3     (OD ) 2 H   (OD ) 3 
4 24  4 24 
0,0140 m3 =
1
4
 1
 
 H id 2  OD 2   id 3  OD 3
24

Id = 4,6181 m
Maka,
Tebal Jaket = id – OD
= 4,6181 m – 4,582 m
= 0,0358 m
= 3,5784 cm
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Reaktor
Alat Kode R-01
Jenis Multi Bed Fixed Bed Reactor
Jumlah 1 buah
Operasi Continue
Tempat bereaksi asam asetat, etil asetat dan hidrogen
Fungsi dengan bantuan katalis Pt-Sn dan CuZn-Al2O3 membentuk
crude ethanol
KONDISI OPERASI
Tekanan 18 atm
Temperatur 274,726 OC
Bed 1
Katalis Pt-Sn
Volume 35,0996 m2
Bed 2
Katalis CuZn- Al2O3
Material 33,2813 m2
DATA DESAIN
Tekanan 18 atm
Temperatur 274,726 OC
Diameter 4,474 m
OD 4,582 m
Tinggi 8,948 m
Tebal Dinding Reaktor 0,054 m
Tebal Jaket Pendingin 0,036 m
Bahan Konstruksi Carbon Steel
28. REBOILER- 01 (RB-01)

Fungsi : Untuk memanaskan kembali residu KD - 01
Gambar :
Aliran inlet
Shell
Tube
Rear End
Head
Aliran outlet
Water in

W = 28,436.666kg/hr = 62,692.044 lb/hr
T1 = 350 oC = 662oF
T2 = 350 oC = 662oF
Fluida Dingin : Residu KD - 01
w = 59,283.325 kg/hr = 130,697.205 lb/hr
t1 = 98,787oC = 209,817oF
t2 = 98,787oC =209,817oF
22. Beban Panas RB-01
Q = 25,476,409.467 kJ/hr
= 24,146,872.086 Btu/hr
23. LMTD
662 Suhu tinggi 209,817 452,183
662 Suhu rendah 209,817 452,183
Selisih -
LMTD = 452,183 oF
t = 452,183 oF

T1  T 2
Tavg =
2
= 662oF
t1  t 2
tavg =
2
= 209,817oF

Q
A =
U D . t
24,146,872.086
=
60  452,183
= 890,011 ft2

 Tube Side = Residu KD - 01
Panjang tube (L) = 18,1 ft
BWG = 18
Pass =2
a” = 0,302 ft2/lin ft
A
Jumlah tube, Nt =
L x a"
890,011
=
18,1 0,302
= 162,821
Nt = 162,821
A = Nt x L x a''
= 162,821 x 18,1 ft x 0,302 ft2
= 890,011
Q
UD =
U D . t
= 60.000

shell :
Shell = steam
Pass =2

Nt  a ' t
144  n
162,821 0,302
=
144  2
= 0,170 ft2
 Laju Alir, Gt
Gt = W/at
130,697.205
=
0,170
= 220.955,906 lb/hr.ft2

μ = 0,379 cp = 0,917 lb/ft hr
Ret = ID.Gt/ μ
0,075 766,764.180
=
0,917
= 62,890.438

Jh = 200 (Fig.24, Kern)
 Nilai hi
 c. 
  = 4,796
 k 
0 ,14
 k   Cp     
1/ 3
hi  J H      
 D  k    w 
0 ,14
  
 w 
  0,419 
= 200     6,501
1/ 3
hi
 0,075 
= 7.256,248 Btu/hr ft2 oF
= 6.545,136 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
= 1,25 – 1
= 0,250 in
 Flow Area, as
31 0,250  15,5
=
144 1,25
= 0,667 ft2
 Laju Alir, Gs
Gs = w/as
147.457,379
=
0,667
= 220.955,906 lb/hr.ft2

de = 0,720 in = 0,06 ft (Fiq.28 Kern)
μ = 0,022 cp = 0,054 lb/ft hr
GS De
Res =

93,940.211x0,06
=
0,054
= 103,873.817
Maka:
jH = 350 (Fig.28, Kern)
 Nilai ho
1
 Cp.  3
  = 8,148
 k 
ho = jH . (k/De). (Cpμ/k)1/3\
0,028
= 350 x x8,148
0,06
= 1.349,169 Btu / hr ft2 oF

hio  ho
UC =
hio  ho
3,990.751x1,349.169
=
3,990.751  1.349,169
= 1.008,292 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
30. Dirt Factor, Rd

U C U D
Rd =
U C U D
1.008,292  60,000
=
1.008,292 x60,000
31. Pressure drop

 Bagian tube
Untuk NRe = 62,890.438
s = 0,424
f Gt 2 L n
ΔPt = = 2,943 psi
5, 22 x 10 10 x De s f t
V2 / 2g = 0,015 (Fig 27, Kern)

ΔPr = ( 4n/s ) ( V2/2g )
= 0,283 Psi
ΔPT = ΔPt + ΔPr
= 2,943 psi + 0,283 Psi
= 3,226 psi
 Shell Side
Re = 103,873.817
f = 0,0003 (Fig.29, Kern)
N+1 = 12 L / B = 12 x (217/15,5)
= 168,155
Ds = 2,583 ft
s =1
fGs2 Ds ( N  1)
ΔPs =
5,22 1010 Desf s
= 0,367 psi
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Reboiler - 01
Kode Rb – 01
Jumlah 1
Fungsi Untuk memanaskan kembali residu KD – 01
DATA DESAIN
Uc 1.008,292 Btu/hr ft2 oF
TUBE SIDE
Length 18,10 Ft
OD 1 In
Passes 2
BWG 18
Nt 454 Tubes
ΔPT 0,785 Psi
SHELL SIDE
ID 31 In
B 15,5 In
Passes 2
ΔPs 2,031 psi
29. REBOILER- 02 (RB-02)
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Reboiler - 01
Kode Rb – 01
Jumlah 1
Fungsi Untuk memanaskan kembali residu KD – 01
DATA DESAIN
Uc 1.008,292 Btu/hr ft2 oF
TUBE SIDE
Length 18,10 Ft
OD 1 In
Passes 2
BWG 18
Nt 454 Tubes
ΔPT 0,785 Psi
SHELL SIDE
ID 31 In
B 15,5 In
Passes 2
ΔPs 2,031 psi
30. TANGKI- 01 (T-01)
Fungsi : Menampung bahan baku hidrogen
Tipe : Spherical tank
BahanKonstruksi : Carbon steel
Gambar :
a. Data
Temperatur, T : 30 oC
Tekanan, P : 5 atm
Lajualir massa, Ws : 3.687,754 kg
Densitas,  : 8,586 kg/m3
Faktor keamanan,f : 10 %
Lama penyimpanan : 3 hari
Jumlah : 5 buah
b. KapasitasTanki,
W.t
Vt 

Vt = 30.924,564 m3
Kapasitas dalam satu tanki :

Vt '
Vt(1 tanki) =
n tanki '
= 1.236,983 m3
Safety factor = 10%
Vt’ = (1+0,1) x Vt
= 1,1 x 1.236,983 m3
= 1.484,379 m
C. Diameter Tangki
Volume total, Vt = Volume bola
= ( 4/3 x π R3 )
R3 = (V x 3)/(4 x 3,14)
= (1.484,379 x 3)/(4 x 3,14)
= 354,549 m3
R = 7,078 m
D = 2 x 14,155 m
= 557,299 m
D. Tebal dinding tanki, t
PxR
t = C
2 S x E  0,2 x P
Dimana :
P = Tekanan design = 220,440 psi
R = Jari – jari kolom = 151,496 in
S = Working stress allowable = 13.700 atm
Ej = Welding joint efficiency = 0,85
C = Tebalkorosi yang diijinkan = 0,013
t = 0,892 in
= 0,023 m
Outside diameter (OD) = ID + t

= 14,155 m+ 0,023 m
= 14,178 m
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Tangki-01
Kode Alat T-01
Jumlah 5 Unit
Tempat menyimpan bahan baku
Fungsi
Hidrogen
DATA DESAIN
Tipe Spherical Tank
Kapasitas 1.484,379 m3 392.131,542 gal
Tekanan 5 atm
0
Temperatur 30,000 C
Diameter 14,155 m
OD 14,178 m
31. TANGKI - 02 (T-02)
Fungsi : Untuk menampung bahan baku Asam Asetat
Tipe : Silinder vertical dengan head type ellipsoidal
Bahan Konstruksi : Stainless Steel
Gambar :
He
Hs
Dt
A. Data-data :
Temperatur, T : 30 OC
Tekanan, P : 1 atm
Laju alir, Ws : 54.537,037 kg/jam
Densitas,  : 481,113 kg/m3
Faktor keamanan,f : 10 %
Lama penyimpanan : 3 hari
Jumlah :5
B. Kapasitas Tangki, Vt
Laju alir massa
x lama persediaan
Vt = 
Vt = 8.161,634 m3
Kapasitas dalam satu tanki :
Vt '
'
Vt(1 tanki) = n tanki
= 1.632,327 m3
Volume tangki,Vt = (1 + f) x Vt
= (100% + 10%) x 1.413,390 m3
= 1.795,559 m3
C. Diameter Tangki
Volume bagian silinder, Vs
=r H
2
Vs H = 3/2 D
2
D 3 
    D
=  2  2 
3
 D3
= 8
= 1,178 D3
Volume bagian head, Vh
𝜋
Vh = 24 x D3 h=¼D (Tabel 4, Peter, hal 538)
=0,131 D3
Jadi,
Vt = Vs + Vh
= 1,178 D3 + 0,131 D3
= 1,308 D3
𝑉𝑡 1/3
Dt = 1,308
= (1.795,559 m3/ 1,308)1/3

= 11,113 m
= 218,758 in
D. Tinggi Tangki, Ht
Tinggi Silinder =H = 3/2 D = 16,669 m
Tinggi Head = h = ¼ D = 2,778 m
Ht =H+h
= 16,669 m + 2,778 m
= 19,448 m
E. Tebal dinding tangki,t
 P. r 
t     C (Table 4, hal 537,Peters and Timmerhaus)
 S . E  0.6 P 
Keterangan:
P = Tekanan design = 1 atm= 14,696 psi
R = Jari-jari vessel = 208,504 in
S = Working stress allowable = 11.500 psi (table 4, Peter, hal 538)
E = Joint effisiensi = 0,85 (table 4, Peter, hal538)
C = Korosi maksimum = 0,013 in (table 6, Peter, hal 538)
Maka :
t = 0,342 in
= 0,009 m
F. Outside diameter, OD
OD = D + 2t
=11,113 m+ 2 (0,017) m
= 11,130 m
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Tangki-02
Kode Alat T-02
Jumlah 5 Unit
Fungsi Tempat menyimpan Asam Asetat
DATA DESAIN
Tipe Silinder Vertikal dengan ellipsoidal head
Kapasitas 1.795,559 m3 474.336,703 gal
Tekanan 1 Atm
0
Temperatur 30,00 C
Diameter 11,113 m 212,078 in
OD 11,130 m
Tinggi 19,448 m 63,804 ft
Bahan Konstruksi Stainless steel
Dengan perhitungan yang sama maka untuk pompa selanjutnya dilakukan
perhitungan cara analog dengan perhitungan pompa T-02.
32. TANGKI - 03 (T-03)

IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Tangki-03
Kode Alat T-03
Jumlah 1 Unit
Fungsi Tempat menyimpan Etil Asetat
DATA DESAIN
Kapasitas 582,975 m3 154,006 gal
Tekanan 1 Atm
0
Temperatur 30,00 C
Diameter 7,638 m 300,706 in
OD 7,643 M
Tinggi 13,366 M 43,853 ft
Tebal Dinding 0,003 M
Bahan Konstruksi Stainless steel
33. TANGKI - 04 (T-04)
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Tangki-04
Kode Alat T-04
Jumlah 5 Unit
Tempat menyimpan Produk
Fungsi
Etanol
DATA DESAIN
Kapasitas 2.022,180 m3 534.203,422 gal
Tekanan 1 Atm
0
Temperatur 30,00 C
Diameter 11,562 m 455,196 in
OD 11,577 m
Tinggi 20,234 m 66,383 ft
34. TANGKI - 05 (T-05)
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Tangki-05
Kode Alat T-05
Jumlah 5 Unit
Tempat menyimpan Produk
Fungsi
Etanol
DATA DESAIN
Kapasitas 855,555 m3 226.013,892 gal
Tekanan 1 Atm
0
Temperatur 30,00 C
Diameter 8,680 m 341,724 in
OD 8,691 m
Tinggi 15,190 m 49,835 ft
35. VAPORIZER - 01 (VP-01)
Fungsi :Menguapkan bahan baku asam asetat.
Gambar :
Aliran inlet
Shell
Tube
Rear End
Head
Aliran outlet
Water in
Fluida Panas :
W = 55.685,454 kg = 122.765,266 lb
T1 = 350oC = 662oF
T2 = 350oC = 662oF
Fluida Dingin :
w = 85.202,804 kg = 187.839,806 lb
t1 = 118,100 oC = 244,580 oF
t2 = 118,100 oC = 244,580 oF
Perhitungan design sesuaidenganliteraturpada Donald Q. Kern (1965).

a. Beban Panas VP-01
Q = 35.295.784,129 kJ = 33.454.438,367 Btu
b. LMTD
662 Suhu tinggi 244,580 417,420
662 Suhu rendah 244,580 417,420
Selisih 0,000
LMTD =  t= 417,420 oF
Ft = 1,000 (Fig.18, Kern)
t = 417,420 oF
c. Temperatur Rata-rata
Tc = 662 oF ; tc = 244,580 oF
 Asumsi UD = 150 Btu/hr.ft2.oF (Tabel 8, Kern)
𝑄
 A =
𝑈𝐷 𝑋 t
A = 534,305 ft2
 Rencana Klasifikasi
- Tube Side (Cold Fluid)
BWG = 18
Pass =4
a” = 0,2618 ft2/lin ft
A
Jumlah tube, Nt =
L x a"
= 170,074
dari tabel.9 Kern, didapat nilai yang mendekati Nt perhitungan adalah
Nt = 170
A =Nt x L x a''
=534,072 ft2
Q
UD = A .Δt
UD = 150,065 (Nilai UD sudah mendekati UD asumsi)
karena nilai Ud perhitungan mendekati dengan nilai Ud asumsi, maka data

untuk shell :
- Shell side (Hot Fluid)
Pass =4
Fluida Dingin:
a. Flow Area/tube, a’t
at = Nt.a’t/144 x n
= 0,189 ft2
b. Laju Alir, Gt
Gt = W/at
= 996.002,284 lb/hr.ft2
c. Bilangan Reynold, Ret
μ = 0,876 cp = 2,119 lb/ft hr
ID= 0,902 inch = 0,075 ft (Tabel 10, Kern)
D = 0,0752 ft
Ret = D.Gt/μ
= 35.331,698
d. Dengan L/D = 159,645 diperoleh
Jh = 110 (Fig.24, Kern)
e. Nilai hi
` Pada Tavg = 244,580 oF
 c. 
  = 0,043
 k 
0 ,14
 k   Cp     
1/ 3
hi  J H      
 D  k    w 
0 ,14
  
 w 
hio = hi x ID/OD
Fluida Panas:
a. Flow Area, as
as = ID x C’B/144 PT (Pers.7.1, Kern)
= 1,25 – 1 = ¼ in
15,25  0,25  7,6
as = = 0,161 ft2
144 1,25
b. Laju Alir, Gs
Gs = w/as
124.929,069
= = 773.546,30 lb/hr.ft2
0,161
c. Bilangan Reynold, Res

tavg = 244oF
Cp = 0,756Btu/lb.oF
k = 0,115Btu/hr ft.oF
μ = 0,325 Cp = 0,787lb/ft hr
1
 Cp.  3
  = 1,753
 k 
De = 0,990 inch = 0,083 ft (Fig.28, Kern)

GS D
Res=

= 81.041,476
jH = 180 (Fig.28, Kern)
d. Nilai ho
ho = jH . (k/De). (Cpμ/k)1/3
= 422,540Btu/ hr ft2oF
e. Clean Overall Coefficient, UC

hio  ho
UC = = 158,783 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
hio  ho
f. Dirt Factor, Rd
U C U D
Rd = = 0,003 hr.ft2.oF/Btu
U C U D
PRESSURE DROP
Tube Side
1) Untuk NRe = 686.580,738
s = 0,0200
f Gt 2 L n
2) ΔPt =
5, 22 x 10 10 x De s f t
= 3,906 psi
3) V2 / 2g = 0,005 (Fig 27, Kern)
ΔPr = ( 4n/s ) ( V2/2g )
= 3,999 psi
ΔPT = 7,906 psi
Shell Side
1) Faktor Friksi
Re = 81.041,476
f = 0,00017 (Fig.29, Kern)
2) Number of cross, (N + 1)
N+1 = 12 L / B
= 339,93
Ds = ID / 12
= 1,270 ft
s = 1,051
fGs2 Ds ( N  1)
ΔPs =
5,22  1010 Desf s
= 9,708 psi
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Vaporizer
Kode VP-01
Jumlah 1
Fungsi Untuk mengubah fase asam asetat dan etil asetat
DATA DESAIN
TUBE SIDE
Length 12 Ft
OD 1 In
Passes 4
BWG 18
Nt 170 Tubes
ΔPT 0,001 Psi
SHELL SIDE
ID 21,25 In
B 10,625 In
Passes 4
ΔPs 1,762 psi

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LAMPIRAN III

PERHITUNGAN SPESIFIKASI ALAT

Perhitungan Desain Accumulator - 01

 Volume Total Accumulator, VT

 Panjang Total Accumulator, LT

d. Tebal Dinding Accumulator

 Ketebalan Dinding Bagian Silinder, tsilinder

Ringkasan spesifikasi Accumulator-01 (ACC-01)

Fluida Panas : Top produk KD-01

4. Menentukan luas daerah perpindahan panas

5. Spesifikasi tube dan shell

karena nilai Ud perhitungan mendekati nilai Ud asumsi, maka data untuk

6. Perhitungan desain bagian tube

 Dengan L/D = 252,782 diperoleh

Koreksi viskositas diabaikan karena tidak significant, maka diperoleh :

8. Clean Overall Coefficient, UC

10. Pressure drop

Faktor friksi = 0,00012 (Fig 26, Kern)

ΔPr = ( 4n/s ) ( V2/2g )

0,0005x620,432.484 2 x3,250 x(140,308)

Fluida Panas : Keluaran R-01

Cold Fluid (Air) : Annulus

JH = 600 (Kern, 1957), Fig. 24

Diambil panjang 1 harpin = 20 ft

Hot Fluid: Inner Pipe

Fluida Panas : Keluaran R-01

Data Pipa Outer Pipe Inner Pipe

Cold Fluid (Air) : Annulus

JH = 500 (Kern, 1957), Fig. 24

Hot Fluid (Keluaran R-01) : Inner Pipe

Rd ditentukan 0,002 untuk masa servis 1 tahun

Diambil panjang 1 harpin = 20 ft

Fluida Panas : Keluaran R-01

UD = 78,8217 Btu/hr ft2 oF (koreksi memenuhi)

Cold Fluid (Air): Shell Side

2. Vapor volumetric flowrate, QV

3. Kecepatan uap maksimum, UV

4. Vessel area minimum, A

6. Liquid volumetric flowrate, QL

Tinggi shell, Hs = 12,304 m

10. Tebal dinding vessel, t

Tebal dinding silinder :

11. Outside diameter, OD

Fluida Panas : Steam

7. Perhitungan desain bagian tube

8. Perhitungan desain bagian shell

 Bilangan Reynold, Res

Koreksi viskositas diabaikan karena tidak significant, maka diperoleh :

9. Clean Overall Coefficient, UC

10. Dirt Factor, Rd

11. Pressure drop

ΔPr = ( 4n/s ) ( V2/2g )

Fluida Panas : Saturated steam

Perhitungan design sesuai dengan literatur pada Donald Q. Kern (1965).

Penentuan tipe Heater :

FLUIDA PANAS : Annulus

c. Koefisien perpindahan panas

FLUIDA DINGIN: Inner Pipe

c. Koefisien Perpindahan Panas

d. Clean Overall Coefficient, UC

e. Design Overall Coefficient, UD

FLUIDA DINGIN : Inner Pipe