maka :
kg
= 1.262,626
jam
a. CH3CHOHCN = 98 %
b. H2O =2%
a. H2SO4 = 98%
b. H2O =2%
berikut:
Tabel A.1 Berat Molekul Komponen
skema aliran neraca massa dapat dilihat dalam blok diagram sebagai berikut:
F10
F2
F4
F1 F5 F9
M-01 R-01 RDVF E-01
-01 F19
F3
F6 F11
F8 F17
RD-01 DC-01 MD-01
F12
F7
F13
RDVF- F18
02
F14
RD-02 F15
F16
F2
F1 M-01
F3
F1 + F2 = F3
Keterangan:
komponen berdasarkan basis 100 kmol/jam CH3CHOHCN. Dalam hal ini terdapat
= 7.100 kg/jam
CH3CHOHCN)
= 5.400 kg/jam
CH3CHOHCN)
= 10.780 kg/jam
H2O = Pelarut
Jumlah Umpan H2SO4 masuk mixer
= 110 kmol/jam
kadar H 2O
Massa H2O pada H2SO4 98 % = x massa H2SO4 dibutuhkan
kadar H 2 SO 4
= 12,2 kmol/jam
= 300 kmol/jam
Massa umpan H2O masuk Mixer = Massa H2O keluar mixer – Massa H2O
pada H2SO4 98 %
= 287,778 kmol/jam
massa H 2 SO 4 masuk mixer
Kadar H2SO4 keluar mixer = x 100 %
massa total masuk mixer
= 66,625%
F4
F5
R-01
F3
F3 + F4 = F5
Keterangan:
= 100 kmol/jam
kadar H 2 O
Massa H2O pada CH3CHOHCN = x massa
kadar CH 3 CHOHCN
CH3CHOHCN
= 8,050 kmol/jam
Masuk
Komponen BM
kmol/jam kg/jam
CH3CHOHCN 71 100 7.100
H2SO4 98 110 10.780
H2O 18 308,050 5.544,898
CH3CHOHCOOH 90 0 0
NH4HSO4 115 0 0
= 10 kmol/jam x 71 kg/kmol
= 710 kg/jam
= 2.304,898 kg/jam
= 1.960 kg/jam
CH3CHOHCOOH
= 90 kmol/jam x 90 kg/kmol
= 8.100 kg/jam
= 10.350 kg/jam
= 2.304,898 kg/jam
= 8.045,102 kg/jam
Fungsi: Menyaring padatan yang keluar dari Reaktor (R-01) berupa campuran
impuritis.
F9
F5
RDVF-01
F6
F5 = F6 + F9
Keterangan:
(RD-01)
Asumsi:
Filtrat :
= Kg/ja
CH3CHOHCN 710 m
= Kg/ja
H2O 2304,898 m
= Kg/ja
CH3CHOHCOOH 8.100 m
= Kg/ja
15.379,796 m
Maka kebutuhan air pencuci = 0,1 x 15.379,796 kg/jam
= 85,443 kmol/jam
99 kg
= x 8.045,102
100 jam
= 69,258 kmol/jam
5 kg
Massa H2O = x 7.964,651
95 jam
= 419,192 kg/jam : BM H2O
= 23,288 kmol/jam
Massa H2O filtrat = H2O umpan masuk + H2O air pencuci - H2O
komposisi cake
kg kg kg
= 2.304,898 +1.537,980 −419,192
jam jam jam
kg
= 3.423,685 : BM H2O
jam
kg
= 3.423,685 : 18 kg/kmol
jam
= 190,205 kmol/jam
kg kg kg
= 8.045,102 + 2.304,898 - 7.964,651
jam jam jam
kg
= 2.385,349 : BM NH4HSO4
jam
kg
= 2.385,349 : 115 kg/kmol
jam
= 20,742 kmol/jam
(NH4)HSO4.
F6
F8
RD-01
F7
Gambar A.5 Aliran Pada Rotary Dryer (RD-01)
F6 = F7+F8
Keterangan:
Asumsi:
= 7.924,828 kg/jam
= 2,096 kg/jam
Massa (NH4)HSO4 (s) = mol (NH4)HSO4 (s) masuk - mol (NH4)HSO4 (s)
Produk
= 39,823 kg/jam
Massa H2O = mol H2O masuk – mol H2O keluaran produk
= 417,096 kg/jam
5. EKSTRAKTOR (E-01)
F10 F19
F9 E-01
F11
Keterangan:
F11
F19 = Umpan segar Diisopropil Ether + recycle dari Menara Distilasi (MD-01)
1. Umpan masuk
Untuk dapat mengekstrak asam laktat, setidaknya dibutuhkan pelarut 5-10 kalinya
CH3CHOHCOOH recycle)
kg kg
= 8 x (8.100 + 40,704 )
jam jam
kg
= 65.125,628
jam
kg kg
= 65.125,628 - 65.084,925
jam jam
kg kmol
= 40,704 : 102
jam kg
kmol
= 0,399
jam
= 2 x 20 kmol/jam
= 40 kmol/jam
BM NaOH = 40
maka:
= 40 kmol/jam x 40
= 1.600 kg/jam
52
H2O = x 1.600 kg/jam
48
= 1.733,333 kg/jam
= 2.840 Kg/jam
= 326,501 Kmol/jam
= 5.877,019 Kg/jam
a. Umpan NaOH
40 40 1.600
NaOH
18 96,296 1.733,333
H2O
Total 136,296 3.333,333
Komposisi hasil ekstraktor
CH3CHOHCN 71 10 710
H2SO4 1.960
NaOH 1.600
Na2SO4 2.840
Sub Total 16.579,034 3.333,333 65.166,332 85.078,699
6. DEKANTER (DC-01)
CH3CHOHCOOH, dengan fase berat yang berupa campuran air dan dll.
F11
F17
DC-01
F12
Gambar A.7 Aliran Pada Dekanter (DC-01)
Keterangan:
Pemisahan pada alat dekanter didasarkan pada kelarutan setiap komponen yang
akan dipisahkan.
Masuk
Komponen BM
kmol/jam kg/jam
CH3CHOHCN 71 10 710
Komponen Densitas
CH3CHOHCN 0,988
H2O 1
CH3CHOHCOOH 1,201
NH4HSO4 (aq) 1.78
Na2SO4 2,664
C6H14O 0,750
Data kelarutan:
masuk (kg/jam)
kg kg
= 65.125,628 : 73.266,332
jam jam
= 0,889
Fraksi CH3CHOHCOOH = Massa masuk komponen (kg/jam) : ∑ Massa
masuk (kg/jam)
kg kg
= 8.140,704 : 73.266,332
jam jam
= 0,111
= 0,889 x 0,750
= 0,667
CH3CHOHCOOH
= 0,111 x 1,201
= 0,133
= 65.125,628 : 0,750
= 86.834,171
= 6.778,271
masuk (kg/jam)
kg kg
= 710 : 11.812,368
jam jam
= 0,060
masuk (kg/jam)
kg kg
= 5.877,019 : 11.812,368
jam jam
= 0,498
kg kg
= 2.385,349 : 11.812,368
jam jam
= 0,202
masuk (kg/jam)
kg kg
= 2.840 : 11.812,368
jam jam
= 0,240
= 0,060 x 0,988
= 0,059
= 0,498 x 1
= 0,498
= 0,359
= 0,240 x 2,664
= 0,640
= 710 : 0,988
= 718,623
= 5.877,019 : 1
= 5.877,019
= 2.385,349 : 1.78
= 1.340,084
= 1.066,066
Masuk Fraksi x
Komponen BM Densitas Fraksi Volume
kmol/jam kg/jam Densitas
CH3CHOHCN 71 10 710 0,988 0,060 0,059 718,623
H2O 18 326,501 5.877,019 1 0,498 0,498 5.877,019
NH4HSO4 (aq) 115 20,742 2.385,349 1.78 0,202 0,359 1.340,084
Na2SO4 (s) 142 20 2.840 2,664 0,240 0,640 1.066,066
Fungsi: Menyaring padatan berupa fase berat keluaran dari dekanter (DC-01)
F12
F13
RDVF-02
F14
Gambar A.8 Aliran Pada RDVF-02
Keterangan:
F14 = Padatan berupa Natrium Sulfat (Na2SO4) diteruskan ke Rotary Dryer (RD-
02)
Asumsi:
Filtrat :
CH3CHOHCN = 710 Kg/jam
H2O = 5.877,019 Kg/jam
(NH4)HSO4 (aq) = 2.385,349 Kg/jam
8.972,368 Kg/jam
Maka kebutuhan air pencuci = 0,1 x 8.972,368 kg/jam
= 897,237 kg/jam
99 kg
= x 2.840
100 jam
= 2.811,600 kg/jam
5 kg
Massa H2O = x 2.811,600
95 jam
= 147,979 kg/jam
Massa H2O filtrat = H2O umpan masuk + H2O air pencuci - H2O
komposisi cake
kg kg kg
= 5.877,019 +897,237 −147,979
jam jam jam
kg
= 6.626,277
jam
1 kg
= x 2.840
100 jam
kg
= 28,4
jam
(Na2SO4).
F14
RD-02 F15
F16
Keterangan:
Asumsi:
= 99 % x 2.811,600 kg/jam
= 19,701 kmol/jam
Massa H2O = 0,5 % x H2O umpan
= 0,041 kmol/jam
Massa Na2SO4 (s) = mol Na2SO4 (s) masuk - mol Na2SO4 (s)
Produk
= 14,058 kg/jam
= 147,239 kg/jam
Tabel A.36 Komposisi Menuju UPL
C6H14O
CH3CHOHCOOH 99,5%
Keterangan:
Asumsi :
Masuk
Komponen BM
kmol/jam kg/jam
CH3CHOHCOOH 90 90,452 8.140,704
C6H14O 102 638,487 65.125,628
MD
= 90 kmol/jam
Bottom
= 0,399 kmol/jam
= 0,452 kmol/jam
C6H14O bottom
= 65.125,628 kg/jam – 40,704 kg/jam
= 638,087 kmol/jam
= 1.262,626 Kg/jam
kg
1.262,626
jam
Faktor Pengali =
kg
8.140,704
jam
= 0,155
Semua komposisi dari masuk mixer sampai keluaran menara distilasi dalam
bentuk massa dikalikan dengan faktor pengali, maka diperoleh perhitungan neraca
massa kapasitas :
Massa CH3CHOHCN masuk reaktor = 7.100 kg/jam x 0,155
= 1.101,213 kg/jam
= 15,510 kmol/jam
1. MIXER-01
F2
F1 M-01
F3
F1 + F2 = F3
Keterangan:
F1 = Umpan masuk H2SO4 98%.
1,1 kmol
=( x 100 x 0,155)
1 jam
= 1.671,982 kg/jam
3 kmol
= ( x 100 x 0,155)
1 jam
= 837,542 kg/jam
F1 + F2 = F3
1.671,982 kg/jam + 837,542 kg/jam = F3
2.509,524 kg/jam = F3
= 66,625%
2. REAKTOR (R-01)
CH3CHOHCOOH.
F4
F5
R-01
F3
Gambar B.2 Aliran Pada Reaktor (R-01)
F3 + F4 = F5
Keterangan:
faktor pengali
1 kmol
= ( x 100 x 0,155)
1 jam
= 15,510 kmol/jam
= 15,510 kmol/jam x BM CH3CHOHCN
= 1.101,213 kg/jam
kadar H 2 O
Massa H2O pada CH3CHOHCN = x massa
kadar CH 3 CHOHCN
CH3CHOHCN
= 1,249 kmol/jam
Masuk
Komponen BM
kmol/jam kg/jam
CH3CHOHCN 71 15,510 1.101,213
H2O 18 47,779 860,016
H2SO4 98 17,061 1.671,982
= 110,121 kg/jam
= 357,491 kg/jam
= 303,997 kg/jam
= 1.256,313 kg/jam
= 1.605,289 kg/jam
100 gram
Data kelarutan NH4HSO4 = x massa H 2 O
100 gram
100 gram
Maka NH4HSO4 terlarut = x 357,491
100 gram
= 357,491 kg/jam
= 1.247,798 kg/jam
Tabel B.6 Komposisi Total Masuk dan Keluar Reaktor (R-01)
Fungsi: Menyaring padatan yang keluar dari Reaktor (R-01) berupa campuran
impuritis.
F9
F5
RDVF-01
F6
F5 = F6 + F9
Keterangan:
(RD-01)
Asumsi:
Filtrat :
= Kg/ja
110,121
CH3CHOHCN m
= Kg/ja
H2O 357,491 m
= Kg/ja
CH3CHOHCOOH 1.256,313 m
= Kg/ja
H2SO4 303,997 m
Kg/ja
2.385,412 m
Maka kebutuhan air pencuci = 0,1 x 2.385,412 kg/jam
= 13,252 kmol/jam
99 kg
= x 1.247,798
100 jam
= 10,742 kmol/jam
5 kg
Massa H2O = x 1.235,320
95 jam
= 3,612 kmol/jam
Massa H2O filtrat = H2O umpan masuk + H2O air pencuci - H2O
komposisi cake
kg kg kg
= 357,491 +238,541 −65,017
jam jam jam
kg
= 531,015 : BM H2O
jam
kg
= 531,015 : 18 kg/kmol
jam
= 29,501 kmol/jam
kg kg kg
= 1.247,798 + 357,491 – 1.235,320
jam jam jam
kg
= 369,969 : BM NH4HSO4
jam
kg
= 369,969 : 115 kg/kmol
jam
= 3,217 kmol/jam
(NH4)HSO4.
F6
F8
RD-01
F7
Gambar B.4 Aliran Pada Rotary Dryer (RD-01)
Neraca Massa Total:
F6 = F7+F8
Keterangan:
Asumsi:
= 10,688 kmol/jam
= 0,018 kmol/jam
Massa (NH4)HSO4 (s) = mol (NH4)HSO4 (s) masuk - mol (NH4)HSO4 (s)
Produk
= 6,177 kg/jam
F10 F19
F9 E-01
F11
Keterangan:
F19 = Umpan segar Diisopropil Ether + recycle dari Menara Distilasi (MD-01)
F11
Untuk dapat mengekstrak asam laktat, setidaknya dibutuhkan pelarut 5-10 kalinya
Recycle pelarut Diisopropil Ether merupakan keluaran dari menara distilasi data
= 6,313 kg/jam
Massa C6H14O = massa CH3CHOHCOOH basis x faktor pengali
= 98,968 kmol/jam
CH3CHOHCOOH recycle)
kg kg
= 8 x (1.256,313 + 6,313 )
jam jam
kg
= 10.101,010 : BM C6H14O
jam
kg kg
= 10.101,010 : 102
jam kmol
kmol
= 99,030
jam
Tabel B.18 Komposisi Umpan Masuk Pelarut C6H14O
kg kg
= 10.101,010 - 10.094,697
jam jam
kg
= 6,313 : BM C6H14O
jam
kg kg
= 6,313 : 102
jam kmol
kmol
= 0,062
jam
= 2 x 3,102 kmol/jam
= 6,204 kmol/jam
BM NaOH = 40
maka:
= 248,161 kg/jam
52
H2O = x 248,161 kg/jam
48
= 14,936 kmol/jam
= 440,485 kg/jam
= 911,528 kg/jam
Komposisi umpan NaOH
40 6,204 248,161
NaOH
18 14,936 268,841
H2O
Total 21,140 517,001
CH3CHOHCOOH recycle
= 14,029 kmol/jam
Tabel B.21 Komposisi Hasil Ekstraktor
H2SO4 303,997
NaOH 248,161
Na2SO4 440,485
Sub Total 2.571,415 517,002 10.107,323 13.195,739
CH3CHOHCOOH, dengan fase berat yang berupa campuran air dan dll.
F11
F17
DC-01
F12
Keterangan:
Pemisahan pada alat dekanter didasarkan pada kelarutan setiap komponen yang
akan dipisahkan.
Komponen Densitas
CH3CHOHCN 0,988
H2O 1
CH3CHOHCOOH 1,201
NH4HSO4 (aq) 1.78
Na2SO4 (s) 2,664
C6H14O 0,750
Data kelarutan:
Fungsi: Menyaring padatan berupa fase berat keluaran dari Dekanter (DC-01)
F12
F13
RDVF-02
F14
Keterangan:
F14 = Padatan berupa Natrium Sulfat (Na2SO4) diteruskan ke Rotary Dryer (RD-
02)
Asumsi:
18 50,640 911,528
H2O
115 3,217 369,969
(NH4)HSO4 (aq)
142 3,102 440,485
Na2SO4 (s)
Total 58,511 1.832,103
Filtrat :
CH3CHOHCN = 110,121 Kg/jam
H2O = 911,528 Kg/jam
(NH4)HSO4 (aq) = 369,969 Kg/jam
1.391,618 Kg/jam
Maka kebutuhan air pencuci = 0,1 x 1.391,618 kg/jam
= 7,731 kmol/jam
99 % padatan tersaring
99 kg
= x 440,485
100 jam
= 3,071 kmol/jam
5 kg
Massa H2O = x 436,080
95 jam
= 1,275 kmol/jam
Massa H2O filtrat = H2O umpan masuk + H2O air pencuci - H2O
komposisi cake
kg kg kg
= 911,528 +139,162 −22,952
jam jam jam
kg
= 1.027,738 : BM H2O
jam
kg
= 1.027,738 : 18 kg/kmol
jam
= 57,097 kmol/jam
1 kg
= x 440,485
100 jam
kg
= 4,405 : BM Na2SO4
jam
kg
= 4,405 : 142 kg/kmol
jam
= 0,031 kmol/jam
F14
RD-02 F15
F16
Keterangan:
Asumsi:
Konversi padatan 99,5 % (Geankoplis)
= 3,056 kmol/jam
= 0,006 kmol/jam
Massa Na2SO4 (s) = mol Na2SO4 (s) masuk - mol Na2SO4 (s)
Produk
= 2,180 kg/jam
= 22,837 kg/jam
C6H14O
CH3CHOHCOOH 99,5%
Keterangan:
F17 = Umpan masuk keluaran Dekanter (DC-01)
Asumsi :
Masuk
Komponen BM
kmol/jam kg/jam
CH3CHOHCOOH 90 14,029 1.262,626
C6H14O 102 99,030 10.101,010
MD
= 13,959 kmol/jam
= 0,062 kmol/jam
= 0,070 kmol/jam
C6H14O bottom
= 10.101,010 kg/jam – 6,313 kg/jam
= 98,968 kmol/jam