4.

POMPA (P-01)
Fungsi : mengalirkan bahan baku Metanol ke Distilasi
Type : Centrifugal Pump
Jumlah : 1 buah
Gambar :

7,0 m

6,0 m
3,0 m

0,5 m

Data Desain
Temperatur = 30 °C = 86 °F
Densitas = 812.50 kg/m³ = 50.71 lb/ft³
Viskositas = 0.44 Cp = 1.07 lbm/ft hr
Tekanan Uap = 20 mmHg = 0.39 Psi
Laju Alir Massa = 2500.00 kg/jam
= 5512.50 lb/jam

Data Bahan Baku

Air = 10 %

Metanol = 90 %

Perhitungan Densitas Campuran

Diketahui
ρ Air = 997 kg/m³
 ρ Metanol = 792 kg/m³
Air = 10 %
Metanol = 90 %
ρ Campuran =
= ( 997 kg/m³ x 10 % ) + ( 792 kg/m³ x 90 % )
= ( 99.70 kg/m³ ) x ( 712.80 kg/m³ )
= 812.50 kg/m³

Perhitungan desain pompa berdasarkan Mc. Cabe dan Peter Timmerhaus

Kapasitas Pompa (Vf)
Vf = 5512.50 lb/jam
= 91.88 lb/menit
Laju Alir Volumetrik (Qf)
Qf = Vf / Densitas
91.88 lb/jam
=
50.71 lb/ft³
Qf = 1.81 ft³/menit
= 0.03 ft³/detik
= 13.55 GPM

Menentukan Ukuran Pipa

Diameter Optimum, Dopt (Sumber : D Peters Timmerhans, p 525)

Dopt = 3,9 x Qf0,45 x ρ0,13

= (3.9) x (0.03 ft³/s)⁰∙⁴⁵ (50.71 lb/ft³)⁰∙¹³
= 1.34 in
Dari tabel 13, p 952, lampiran D Peter Timmerhaus dipilih pipa suction maupun
discharge
sebagai berikut :
IPS = 2.00 in = 0.17 ft
SN = 40
ID = 2.07 in = 0.17 ft
OD = 2.38 in = 0.20 ft
a = 3.35 in² = 0.02 ft²
Ls = 6.00 m = 19.69 ft (dari diagram pompa)
 Ld = 15.00 m = 49.21 ft (dari diagram pompa)

Perhitungan Pada Suction

1). Suction Velocity (v)
V = Qf / a
Qf = Volume alir Volumetrik = 0.03 ft³/detik = 108.71 ft³/jam
a = Luas Suction = 0.02 ft²
gc = 32.17 ft lbf/lbm s²
sehingga didapat :
V = 1.30 ft/s = 4673.20 ft/jam
V2/gc = 0.05 ft lbf/lbm

2). Bilangan Reynold Number (NRe)

NRe = (D x V x Densitas) / Viskositas
D = ID Suction Pipa = 0.17 ft
V = Suction Velocity = 4673.20 ft/jam
Densitas = 50.71 lb/ft³
Viskositas = 1.07 lbm/ft hr
Didapat bilangan Reynold,
NRe = 38187.86

Pipa yang digunakan untuk konduksi adalah Commercial Steel Pipe

Equivalen tronghness, E = 0.00015
E/D = 0.00087

Pada Nre = 38187.86 Fanning friction factor (f) gambar 13.1, p 511
f = 0.0062

3). Menentukan kerugian tekanan pada suction pipe

Skin Fiction Loss (Hfs)
Hfs = (2 x f x L/D) x (V2/gc)
= 0.07 ft lbf/lbm
Sudden Contraction Friction Loss (Hfc)
Hfc = (Kc/2) x (V2/gc)
 a1 = Luas penampang Tangki (T-01) = -
a2 = Luas penampang suction = 0.02 ft²
Kc = 0,4 x (1 - (a2/a1))
Untuk a1>>>a2, maka a1/a 2 = 0
Kc = 0.4
Jadi Hfc = 0.01 ft lbf/lbm
Fitting + Valve Friction Loss (Hff)
Hff = 2 f (Le/D) x (V2/gc)
Le/D = Equivalen L/D untuk valve dan fitting

Le/D Gate Valve (GV) = 7 (Sumber : Tabel 1 Peter Hal. 515)

Le/D Elbow 90 standar rad = 32 (Sumber : Tabel 1 Peter Hal. 514)

Jumlah GV = 1 buah
Jumlah Elbow = 0 buah
f = 0.0062
V2/gc = 0.05 ft lbf/lbm
Le/D = (GV x Le/D GV) + (elbow x Le/D)
Le/D = 7
Didapatkan,
Hff = 0.0045 ft lbf/lbm
Total Suction Friction Loss (Hf suc)
Hf suc = Hfs + Hfc + Hff
= ### 0.01 ft lbf/lbm + 0.0045 ft lbf/lbm
= 0.09 ft lbf/lbm
= 0.03 lb/inchi²
= 0.03 Psi

Perhitungan pada Discharge

1). Suction Velocity (v)
V = Qf / a
Qf = Volume alir Volumetrik = 0.03 ft³/detik = 108.71 ft³/jam
a = Luas Discharge = 0.02 ft²
gc = 32.17 ft lbf/lbm s²
sehingga didapat :
 V = 1.30 ft/s = 4673.20 ft/jam
V2/gc = 0.05 ft lbf/lbm

2). Bilangan Reynold Number (NRe)

NRe = (D x V x Densitas) / Viskositas
D = ID Discharge Pipa = 0.17 ft
V = Discharge Velocity = 4673.20 ft/jam
Densitas = 50.71 lb/ft³
Viskositas = 1.07 lbm/ft hr
Didapat bilangan Reynold,
NRe = 38187.86

Material yang digunakan untuk konstruksi pipa adalah Commercial Steel Pipe
Equivalen tronghness, E = 0.00015 ft (Sumber : Peter hal.511)

E/D = 0.00087

Pada NRe = 38187.86 Fanning friction factor (f) gambar 13.1, p 511
f = 0.0062

3). Menentukan kerugian tekanan pada discharge pipe

Skin Fiction Loss (Hfs)
Hfs = (2 x f x L/D) x (V2/gc)
= 0.19 ft lbf/lbm
Sudden Ekspansion Friction Loss (Hfe)
Hfe = 0,5 x [ (1 - a12/a22) (V2/gc)]
Dari hukum kontinuitas aliran, diketahui : V2 = (V1 x a1 )/a2
a1 = Luas penampang1, discharge pipa = 0.01 ft²
a2 = Luas penampang penampang 2, Vaporizer = -
Maka a12/a 22 = 0
Jadi Hfe = 0.03 ft lbf/lbm
Fitting + Valve Friction Loss (Hff)
Hff = 2 f (Le/D) x (V2/gc)
Le/D = Equivalen L/D untuk valve dan fitting
 Le/D Gate Valve (GV) = 7 (Sumber : Tabel 1 Peter Hal. 515)

Le/D Elbow 90 standar rad = 32 (Sumber : Tabel 1 Peter Hal. 514)

Jumlah GV = 1 buah
Jumlah Elbow = 3 buah
f = 0.0062
V2/gc = 0.05 ft lbf/lbm
Le/D = (GV x Le/D GV) + (elbow x Le/D)
Le/D = 103
Didapatkan,
Hff = 0.07 ft lbf/lbm
Total Suction Friction Loss (Hf suc)
Hf disc = Hfs + Hfc + Hff
= ### 0.03 ft lbf/lbm + 0.07 ft lbf/lbm
= 0.28 ft lbf/lbm
= 0.10 lb/inchi²
= 0.10 Psi

Suction Pressure
Origin Pressure =1 atm = 14.69 psi
Suction Head = Dari diagram Pompa (P-01) = 6.50 m
= 21.33 ft
= (Suction head x Density) / 144
= (21.33 ft) x (50.71 lb/ft³) / 144
= 7.51 psi
Friction Loss = 0.03 psi
Origin Pressure 14.69 psi +
Suction Head 7.51 psi +
Friction Loss 0.03 psi -
Total Suction Pressure 22.17

Net Positif Suction Head (NPSH)

Suction Head = 22.17 ft
Friction Loss =0.09 ft
Vapour Pressure = 0.39 psi
Koreksi Tekanan Uap = (Origin pressure - Vapour pressure)
x (144 /Densitas)
= 40.61 ft

Koreksi Tekanan Uap 40.61 ft +

Suction Head 22.17 ft +
Friction Loss 0.09 ft -
NPSH 62.69

Discharge Pressure
Origin Pressure =4 atm = 58.76 psi
Discharge Head = Dari diagram Pompa (P-01) = 15.00 m
= 49.22 ft
= (Suction head x Density) / 144
= (49.22 ft) x (50.71 lb/ft³) / 144
= 17.33 psi
Friction Loss = 0.10 psi
Origin Pressure 58.76 psi +
Suction Head 17.33 psi +
Friction Loss 0.10 psi +
Total Discharge Pressure 75.99

Differensial Pressure
Discharge Pressure= 75.99 psi
Suction Pressure = 22.17 psi

Beda Tekanan = Discharge Pressure - Suction Pressure

∆P = 53.82 psi = 161.36 ft = 49.20 m
= 7687.42 lb/ft²

Kerja Pompa, Ws
Menentukan kerja pompa dengan menggunakan persamaan Bernoulli
 Ws = (∆P/ρ) + ∆Z(g/gc) + (∆V2/2gc) + ∆Hf
7687.42 lb/ft²
∆P/ρ =
50.71 lb/ft³
151.60 ft lbf/lbm
ΔZ (g/gc) = ( 49.22 - 21.33 ) x 1.0
27.89 ft lbf/lbm

ΔV²∕(2gc) = ( 0.09 - 0.09 )

0.00 ft lbf/lbm
ΔHf = ( 0.28 + 0.09 )
0.37 ft lbf/lbm
Maka :
Ws = 179.86 ft lbf/lbm

Brake Horse Power (BHP)

GPM x Ws x ρ
BHP =
7,481 x 550 x η x 60

GPM = Kapasitas Pompa = 13.55 GPM

Ws = Kerja Pompa = ###
Densitas = 50.71 lb/ft³
Dari Peter fig. 13.37, p.550 untuk kapasitas pompa sebesar 13.55 GPM
efisiensi pompa sebesar = 40%
Maka BHP adalah = 1.25 HP
Tenaga Pompa yang Diperlukan (MHP)
MHP = BHP/Efisiensi motor
Dari Peter fig. 13.38, p.551 untuk BHP sebesar 1.25 HP , didapat
efisiensi motor = 80%
Maka MHP = 1.56 HP

IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Pompa
Kode Alat P-01
Jumlah 1 buah
Operasi Kontinyu
Fungsi mengalirkan bahan baku Metanol ke Distilasi
DESAIN
Tipe Centrifugal Pump
Kapasitas 14 GPM
Suction Pressure 22 psi
Discharge Pressure 76 psi
Beda Tekanan 54 psi
NPSH 63 ft
Efisiensi Motor 80%
Total Head 49 m
Power 1.56 HP
Bahan Konstruksi Carbon Steel
 Heater
300 oC

3200 kg/jam 3200 kg/jam

300 oC

Q1 Q air masuk = m. Cp. ∆T

= 3200 x 7.20 (50 - 25 )
= 576000 Kkal/ jam
Qhfg =
Q2 Q air keluar = m. Cp. ∆T
= 3200 x 7.20 (55 - 25 )
= 691200 Kkal/ jam

Q air = Q steam = Q2 - Q1
= 691200 - 576000
= 115200

Q steam = ms ( hg - hf)
115200 = ms 2749 - 1344
Massa Steam ms = 81.99288

Qs1 Q steam masuk = ms. Hg

= 81.99288 2749
= 225398.4

Qs2 Q steam keluar = ms. Hf

= 81.99288 1344
= 110198.4

Q steam = 115200
 Masuk Keluar
Q1 576000
Q2 691200
Qs1 225398.4
Qs2 110198.4
801398.4 801398.4
 Diketahui : T steam 300
hf 1344 kkal/kg
hg 2749 kkal/kg
hfg 1405 kkal/kg

m. Hfg