Neuro Developmental Disorders
Neuro Developmental Disorders
Diorders
Supra Wimbarti, M.Sc, Ph.D, Psikolog
Tim Pengajar Biopsikologi 2
Fakultas Psikologi
Universitas Gadjah Mada
2020/2021
Alur Materi
A. Mengapa Neuro Developmental Disorders?
B. (DSM-5 --APA, 2013)
C. ADHD (Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders)
D. ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorders)
E. LD (Learning Disability) (Disleksia & Diskalkulia)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 16 20-36 38
Central
Usually not • Indicates common site of action of teratogen
nervous
susceptible to
teratogens
system
Eye Heart Eye teeth
ear
brain Gestational periods that
developing organs or structures
are most susceptible to
teratogenic
effects.
Arm External genital
ear palate
Heart Leg
Heart
arms
eyes
legs
teeth
palate
External organs
ear
Reasoning
– Response inhibition
– Sustained effort
– Complex problem solving
– Executive functions
– Organizational skills
Academic/Behavioral Psychosocial Family
– Motivational problems – Rejected – Disorder exacerbates
– Underachievers – Ignored – Parental psychopathology
– Comorbid LD – Comorbid INT/EXT – Related to CD/ADHD
– Work completion – Comorbid aggression
Note: DZ ¼ dyzgotic; MZ ¼ monzygotic; INT ¼ internalized disorders; EXT ¼ externalized disorders; LD ¼ learning
disabilities; CD ¼ conduct disorders; ADHD ¼ attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Biopsikologi 2 Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Gadjah Mada
D. ASD (Autistic Syndrome Disorders)
Autism & Asperger Clinical Presentation
KEKUATAN
TH
(PH OMA
ON S E
TED TURNER OG DIS
RA ON
CHURCHILL JFK PH
)
SCIENTISTS
TON
ENTREPRENEURS
POLITICAL &
PAT
& INVENTORS
MILITARY
DISLEKSIA DALAM GAMBAR
(Tdk semua gejala terlihat pd semua penderita)
KEKUATAN
CREATIVITY
KEKUATAN
SURGEONS ATHLETES
Biopsikologi 2 Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Gadjah Mada Developed by and used with permission from Fumiko Hoeft, Ph.D.
Diskalkulia
• Merupakan kesulitan • Contoh-contoh
menggunakan angka berkaitan
dg abnormalitas pd struktur atau 124 Bilangan mana yang
97 - lebih besar?
intraparietal sulcus
• Infark pada intraparietal sulcus
177
3 atau 8 ?
• Kemampuan matematika
berhubungan langsung dg NUMBER SENSE
kemampuan umum spt executive
functions, verbal dan visuo-
spatial working memory
Biopsikologi 2 Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Gadjah Mada
Dehaene, Piazza, Pinel, & Cohen (2003) menyebutkan bahwa
Intraparietal sulcus (IPS), secara bilateral, dan Angular Gyrus sebelah kiri
merupakan bagian dalam otak yang terkait dalam memproses angka
(processing of number).