MODUL 1 .................................................................................................................................. 2
MODUL 2 .................................................................................................................................. 5
MODUL 3 ................................................................................................................................ 12
1
MODUL 1
1. ..........................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
2. ..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
3. ..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
4. ..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
5. ..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
6. dll
2
Kasus prinsip investasi modal :
Sesuai dengan prinsip akuntansi, laba bersih dilaporkan sebesar Rp. .................
Sedangkan menurut arus kas, pada periode tersebut proyek tersebut menghasilkan kas
masuk bersih sebesar Rp. ................. Perhatikan bahwa kas masuk bersih = laba setelah
pajak ditambah penyusutan. Misalkan taksiran arus kas pada tabel tersebut merupakan
taksiran arus kas dari proyek peluncuran produk baru. Sayangnya ternyata peluncuran
produk baru tersebut mengakibatkan penurunan kas masuk bersih dari produk lama
sebesar Rp. ................. Dengan demikian arus kas yang relevan untuk proyek peluncuran
produk baru tersebut sebesar Rp. ................ dikurangi Rp. ................, yaitu sebesar
Rp. .................
3
PV = Rp ................../ ( 1 + ......... )
= Rp ...................
Jelaskan keputusan yang akan diambil, sertakan perhitungannya dari kasus diatas (nomor
3)
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
4
MODUL 2
B. METODE PENILAIAN INVESTASI
(Pertemuan tiga dan empat)
Layak atau tidaknya sebuah keputusan investasi yang dilakukan bisa dianalisis dengan
berbagai kriteria. Penilaian investasi yang "layak" bisa diberikan dengan membandingkan
metode sebagai berikut
Metode penilaian investasi net present value (NPV) adalah selisih antara nilai sekarang dari
investasi dengan nilai sekarang dari penerimaan uang kas bersih dimasa mendatang.
Keputusan dengan mengguanakan analisa NPV ini ada dua kemungkinan.
1. Apabila selisih antara nilai sekarang dari arus kas lebih besar yang berarti nilai NPV
positif. Maka investasi tersebut layak untuk dijalankan.
2. Apabila selisih antara nilai sekarang dari arus kas lebih kecil yang berarti nilai NPV
negatif. Maka investasi tersebut tidak layak untuk dijalankan.
Payback period adalah suatu periode yang diperlukan untuk dapat menutup kembali
pengeluaran investasi dengan menggunakan aliran kas netto (net cash flow), atau total arus
kas bersih dalam periode tertentu sama dengan pengeluaran investasi di awal periode.
Metode payback period adalah suatu periode yang diperlukan untuk dapat menutup
kembali pengeluaran investasi dengan menggunakan proceeds atau aliran kas netto (net cash
flow).
5
Profitability Index (PI)
Metode penilaian investasi average rate of return ini menilai seberapa besar
keuntungan dari sebuah investasi. Keuntungan yang dimaksud adalah laba bersih setelah
pajak yang dibandingkan dengan nilai rata-rata dari investasi. Jadi ARR diukur dari laba
perusahaan. Bukan arus kas investasi perusahaan. Apabila hasil perhitungan angka ARR lebih
besar daripada tingkat return yang diisyaratkan. Maka investasi ini layak untuk lakukan.
Namun apabila yang terjadi sebaliknya, maka investasi tersebut tidak layak untuk dijalankan.
Analisa metode penilaian Internal Rate of Return (IRR) adalah metode analisa
investasi dengan menghitung tingkat suku bunga yang menyamakan present value (nilai
sekarang) investasi saat ini dengan present value dari penerimaan arus kas dimasa yang akan
datang. Metode IRR ini mungkin metode yang paling sering dilakukan. Mungkin karena
mudah digunakan dan banyak yang beranggapan dan percaya bahwa perhitungan IRR adalah
hitungan yang menunjukkan tingkat return yang sebenarnya.
PT. Sukses akan melakukan investasi melalui pembelian sebuah gudang seharga Rp.
180.000.000,-
Gudang tersebut mempunyai umur ekonomis 5 tahun dan nilai residu Rp. 25.000.000,-
6
Tahun 2 : Rp. 8.500.000
Jawab :
2. Payback Periode :
Harga perolehan = ...................
Residu = ................... _
.................
Proceed 1 = ................... _
.................
proceed 2 = ................... _
.................
proceed 3 = ...................
dan seterusnya
7
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
3. Hitunglah PI
PI = PV proceed = .................. = ..........
PV Outlays ................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
4. Hitunglah ARR
ARR =EATx 100 % = .................... x 100 % = ......... %
PV outlays .................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
8
5. Hitunglah NPV
NPV = PV proceed – PV outlays=
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
6. Hitunglah IRR dengan metode trial and error discount rate : 8%, 15%, 17% dan 18%
a. discount rate : 8%,
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
b. discount rate : 15%,
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
9
c. discount rate : 17% dan
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
d. discount rate :18%
.........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
10
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
11
MODUL 3
C. MODAL KERJA
(Pertemuan lima dan enam)
Setiap investasi modal akan memerlukan tambahan modal kerja. Tidak mungkin suatu
investasi hanya akan memerlukan pembelian aktiva tetap tanpa harus memiliki aktiva lancar.
Kebutuhan akan modal kerja merupakan jumlah dana yang diperlukan untuk membiayai
aktiva lancar.
Misalkan suatu rencana investasi modal diperkirakan aktiva tetap senilai Rp 300 juta.usia
ekonomis 3 tahun.penyusutan dengan metode garis lurus. Pada awal investasi diperlukan
aktiva lancar Rp 200 juta .tidak ada pendanaan spontan. Jumlah aktiva lancar sebesar 200
juta dikaitkan dengan estimasi penjualan pada tahun pertama Rp 1.000 juta.
1. Isilah taksiran laba rugi dan kas masuk operasional untuk tahun 1-3:
12
2. Hitunglah arus kas
3. Apabila tingkat bunga yang dipandang layak (=r) sebesar 18% maka berapa NPV
proyek tersebut?
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
13