5. Level Kapasitas
Dalam normal cost system, perusahaan menggunakan tarif yang ditentukan di muka
(predetermined cost). Penentuan predetermined cost dihitung berdasarkan : Kapasitas
yang diharapkan, kapasitas normal, kapasitas teoritis, atau kapasitas praktis.
a. Expected Activity Capacity – kapasitas produksi yang diharapkan pada tahun yang
akan berjalan
b. Normal Capacity- kapasitas produksi dalam jangka panjang (memperhitungkan
keterbatasan internal maupun eksternal), untuk penentukan tarif BOP biasanya
menggunakan kapasitas normal
c. Theoretical Activity Capacity – Kapasitas ideal atau kapasitas produksi maksimum
d. Practical Activity Capacity – Kapasitas produksi efisien dengan mempertimbangkan
hambatan internal
7. Metode Berbasis Fungsi – BBB dan BTKL dibebankan dengan metode direct tracing
sedangkan BOP dibebankan atau dialokasikan dengan cost driver berbasis unit (metode
alokasi).
A. PLANTWIDE RATE
B. DEPARTMENTAL RATE
BOP di departemen Fabrication dibebankan berdasarkan jam kerja langsung dan BOP di
departemen Assembly dibebankan berdasarkan jam mesin.
Tarif BOP
- Tarif BOP Fabrikasi : BOP/penggunaan -> 252.000/40.000 = 6,30/Jam Mesin
- Tarif BOP Assembly : BOP/penggunaan -> 108.000/80.000 = 1,35/JKL
CONTOH
BELRING INC.
Product Costing Data
Cordless Regular Total
Unit produced per year 10.000 100.000 110.000
Prime Costs $78.000 $738.000 $816.000
Direct labor hours 10.000 90.000 100.000
Machine hours 5.000 45.000 50.000
Production runs 20 10 30
Number of moves 60 30 90
Rasio Konsumsi
Overhead Activity Cordless Phone Regular Phone Activity Driver
Set up 0,67 0,33 Production runs
Material Handling 0,67 0,33 Number of moves
Machining 0,10 0,90 Machine hours
Testing 0,10 0,90 Direct labor hours
C. ACTIVITY RATE
a. Set up rate : $120.000/30 = $4.000 per run
b. Material handling : $60.000/90 = $666,67 per move
c. Machining rate : $100.000/50.000 = $2 per machie hour
d. Testing rate : $80.000/100.000 = $0,80 per direct labor hour
Cordless Regular
Prime costs $78.000 $738.000
Overhead costs :
Set up $80.000 $40.000
Material handling $40.000 $20.000
Machining $10.000 $90.000
Testing $8.000 $72.000
Total manufacturing $216.000 $960.000
costs
Units produced : 10.000 : 100.000
Unit cost $21,60 $9,60
Step 2
If the supervisor’s salary is $50.000 and each of 5 clerks earn $30.000, costs would be :
Activity Supervisor Clerks
Supervising employees $50.000 -
Processing transactions - $60.000
Preparing statements - $45.000
Answering questions - $45.000
Activity Cost :
Activity Credit Card
Processing transaction $130.000
Preparing statement $102.000
Answering question $92.400
Providing automatic tellers $250.000
Assign Costs :
Activity Classic Gold Gold Platinum Total
Cards 5.000 3.000 2.000 10.000
Transactions processed 600.000 300.000 100.000 1.000.000
Statements 60.000 36.000 24.000 120.000
Calls 10.000 12.000 8.000 30.000
Teller transactions 15.000 3.000 2.000 20.000
Activity Rates :
a. Processing Transactions : $130.000/1.000.000 = $0,13 per transaction
b. Preparing Statements : $102.000/120.000 = $0,85 per statement
c. Answering Questions : $92.400/30.000 = $3,08 per call
d. Providing Automatic Teller : $250.000/200.000 = $1,25 per transaction
10% transaksi pelayanan pelanggan credit dilakukan melalui teller.
15. Klasifikasi Aktivitas : Product costs bisa ditetapkan pada 1) Unit level, 2) Batch level, 3)
Product level (seperti contoh), atau 4) Facility level.