16 - Hasna Jilan A - Perhitungan Kuda-Kuda Kayu
16 - Hasna Jilan A - Perhitungan Kuda-Kuda Kayu
a) Batang a1=a2=a3=a4
cos 32 =b1/2
a1
= 1.50
cos 32
a1=a2=a3=a4 = 1.769 m
b) Batang b1=b2
= a1 sin 32
sin 32
= 0.9373
0.5299
d1=d2 = 1.769 m
b) Batang v1
= b1 tan 58
v1 = 1.875
3) σ izin ds // = σ tr // = 85 x ß x ɣ x 0.75
= 85 x 1 x 1 1/4 x 0.75
= 79.688 kg/cm²
Spesifikasi Genteng
1) Jenis Genteng = Genteng Plentong
2) Berat Genteng = 1.75 kg
3) Jumlah per m² = 25 buah
4) Panjang = 27.5 cm
5) Lebar = 22 cm
6) Panjang Berguna = 22 cm
7) Lebar Berguna = 18 cm
8) Panjang Terkait = 7 cm
9) Lebar Terkait = 4 cm
qx1 = q x sin α
= 10.737 x sin 32
= 5.690 kg/m
qy1 = q x cos α
= 10.737 x cos 32
= 9.106 kg/m
= 1 x qy x ( l² )
8
My = 1 x qy x ( l² )
8
= 1 x 9.106 x ( 0.5 )²
8
= 0.285 kgm = 28.5 kgcm
Beban Angin (W)
W = 25 kg/m²
C. Pendimensian Reng
Diketahui b = 3
h
2
Wx = 1 x b x h²
6
= 1 x 3 h x h²
6 2
= 3 h³ = 1
12 4
Wy = 1 x b² x h
6
= 1 x 3 x h
( h)²
6 2
= 1 x 9 x h³
6 4
= 9 h³
24
= 3 h³
8
3
b = h
2
3
= 1.050
2
= 1.574 cm = 2 cm
Dmax = RA = 1 x q x l
2
1 x 46.684 x 0.5
=
2
= 11.671 kg
3 x Dmax
τ =
2 bh
3 x 11.671
11.250 =
2 3xhxh
2
11.671
11.250 =
h²
11.671
h² =
11.25
= 1.037
h = 1.019 cm = 2 cm
3
b = h
2
3
= 1.019
2
= 1.528 cm = 2 cm
a) Momen Inersia ( I )
1 x b x h³
Ix =
12
1 x 3 x 2³
=
12
= 2.0 cm⁴
1 x b³ x h
Iy =
12
1 x 3³ x 2
=
12
= 4.50 cm⁴
5 qx (l)⁴
Fx = x
384 E Ix
5 0.057 x 50 ⁴
= x
384 100000 x 2.0
= 0.023 cm
5 qy (l)⁴
Fy = x
384 E Iy
5 0.091 x 50 ⁴
= x
384 100000 x 4.5
= 0.016 cm
F = √ Fx² + Fy²
= √ 0.0232 ² + 0.0165 ²
= 0.0284 cm
F < F Ijin
0.0284 < 0.167 AMAN
Perhitungan Dimensi Usuk
qx = q x sin α
= 27.547 x sin 32
= 14.597 kg/m
Momen yang timbul Mmax = 1 q l²
8
Mxa = 1 x qx x ( l jarak gording² )
8
= 1 x 14.597 x ( 1.769 )²
8
= 5.709 kgm = 570.857 kgcm
Wq = W x l
= 6 x 1.769
= 10.613 kg/m
• a + c : Mx = Mxa + Mxc
= 5.709 + 4.150
= 9.859 kgm
Di ambil kombinasi beban
terbesar, yaitu a + b : Mx = 29.141 kgm
C. Pendimensian Usuk
Diketahui b = 2
h
3
Wx = 1 x b x h²
6
= 1 x 2 h x h²
6 3
= 2 h³
18
= 1 h³
9
2
b = h
3
2
= 6.071
3
= 4.048 cm = 5 cm
Jadi, dipakai usuk dengan dimensi 5/7
Dmax = RA = 1 x q x l
2
1 x 55.093 x 1.769
=
2
= 48.723 kg
2 x Dmax
τ =
3 bh
3 x 48.723
11.25 =
2 2xhxh
3
48.723
11.25 =
h²
48.723
h² =
11.25
h² = 4.331
h = 2.165 cm = 3 cm
2
b = h
3
2
= 2.165
3
= 1.444 cm = 2 cm
Pada perhitungan didapat ukuran 2/3, tetapi untuk perencanaan
menggunakan kayu ukuran 5/7 cm.
F. Kontrol Terhadap Lenturan
Syarat lenturan harus lebih kecil dari
1
F = L
300
Dalam perencanaan kuda – kuda kayu ini direncanakan
1
F = L (jarak gording)
300
1 x 176.9 cm
=
300
= 0.590 cm
a) Momen Inersia ( I )
1 x b x h³
Ix =
12
1 x 5 x 7³
=
12
= 143 cm⁴
5 qx (l)⁴
Fx1 = x
384 E Ix
5 0.146 x 176.9 ⁴
= x
384 100000 x 143
= 0.130 cm
• Akibat beban berguna
P = 100 kg
Px = P x sin α
= 100 x sin 32
= 52.992 kg
1 Px . ( l : 3 )³
Fy = x
48 E . lx
1 53 . ( 176.9 : 3 )³
= x
48 100000 x 143
= 0.016 cm
F = √ Fx² + Fy²
= √ 0.130 ² + 0.016 ²
= 0.135 cm
F < F Ijin
0.135 < 0.590 AMAN
Perhitungan Dimensi Gording
qx = q x sin α
= 156.933 x sin 32
= 83.162 kg/m
Wq = W x l
= 6 x 1.769
= 10.613 kg/m
• a + c : Mx
= Mxa + Mxc
= 64.970 + 8.291
= 73.261 kgm
Di ambil kombinasi beban terbesar, Mx = 98.090 kgm
C. Pendimensian Gording
Diketahui b = 2
h
3
Wx = 1 x b x h²
6
= 1 x 2 h x h²
6 3
= 2 h³
18
= 1 h³
9
88280.927
117.188 kg/cm² =
h³
88280.927
h³ =
117.1875
h³ = 753.331
h = 9.099 cm = 12 cm
2
b = h
3
2
= 9.099
3
= 6.066 cm = 8 cm
Pada perhitungan didapat ukuran 8/12
E. Mencari Dimensi Gording Akibat Gaya Lintang
Data yang ada :
τ = 11.250 kg/cm²
L ( jarak kuda-kuda ) = 2.50 m = 250 cm
Total berat sendiri pada gording = 62.773 kg/m²
Dmax = RA = 1 x q x l
2
1 x 62.773 x 2.50
=
2
= 78.466 kg
3 x Dmax
τ =
2 bh
3 x 78.466
11.25 =
2 3xhxh
2
78.466
11.25 =
h²
78.466
h² =
11.25
h² = 6.975
h = 3.487 cm = 4 cm
2
b = h
3
2
= 3.487
3
= 2.325 cm = 3 cm
Pada perhitungan didapat ukuran 8/12
a) Momen Inersia ( I )
1 x b x h³
Ix =
12
1 x 8 x 12 ³
=
12
= 1152.00 cm⁴
5 qx (l)⁴
Fx1 = x
384 E Ix
5 0.832 x 250 ⁴
= x
384 100000 x 1152.00
= 0.37 cm
F = √ Fx1² + Fx2²
= √ 0.37 ² + 0.118 ²
= 0.074 cm
F < F Ijin
0.074 < 0.833 AMAN
Perhitungan Pembebanan
B. Beban Hidup
Data yang ada :
Beban hidu = 100 kg/m²
• Beban yang bekerja pada satu joint
P = 100 kg
• Beban yang bekerja pada tumpuan perletakan
1/2P = 1 x 100
2
= 50 kg
C. Beban Angin
Data yang ada :
Tekanan angin (W) = 25 kg/m²
Sudut kemiringan atap = 32
1) Akibat angin tekan (W)
Cq = ( 0.02 x α - 0.4 )
= ( 0.02 x 32 - 0.4 )
= 0.24
Besarnya angin tekan adalah
ΣWtk = Cq x W x Jrk.kuda-kuda x Jrk.gording
= 0.24 x 25 x 2.5 x 1.769
= 26.532 kg
Untuk ΣW = 2
- Beban angin tekan yang bekerja pada satu titik simpul
Wtk sts = 1 x ΣWtk
ΣW
= 1 x 26.532
2
= 13.266 kg
W2 v = Wtk p x sin α
= 6.63 x sin 32
= 3.515 kg
W2 h = Wtk p x cos α
= 6.63 x cos 32
= 5.625 kg
Untuk ΣW = 2
- Beban angin hisap yang bekerja pada satu titik simpul
Whp sts = 1 x ΣWhp
ΣW
= 1 x 44.22
2
= 22.110 kg
Untuk ΣP = 2
Beban plafond yang bekerja pada satu titik simpul
Psts = 1 x P
ΣP
= 1 x 270.0
2
= 135.0 kg
Diketahui :
G1 = G7 = 239.956 kg
G2 = G3 = G4 = G5 = G6 = 479.911 kg
RA = RB = 959.82 kg
Penyelesaian :
1 Simpul A
a1 → ΣV = 0
-G1 + RA + a1.sin30 = 0
-239.956 + 959.82 + a1.sin30 = 0
719.867 + a1.sin30 = 0
a1 = - 719.867
sin 32
a1 = - 1358.45 kg
TEKAN
b1 → ΣH = 0
-a1.cos30 + b1 = 0
-1358.447 cos 32 + b1 = 0
-1152.028 + b1 = 0
b1 = 1152.028 kg
TARIK
2 Simpul C
d1 → ΣV = 0
-G2.sin30 + d1.sin30 = 0
-479.911 sin 32 + d1.sin30 = 0
-254.314 + d1.sin30 = 0
d1 = 254.314
sin 32
d1 = 479.911
a2 → ΣH = 0 TARIK
-a1 + a2 - G2.cos30 + d1.cos30 = 0
-1358.45 + a2 - 406.988 + 406.988 = 0
-1358.447 + a2 = 0
a2 = 1358.45 kg
TARIK
3 Simpul D
d2 → ΣV = 0
-G3.sin30 + d2.sin30 = 0
-254.314 + d2.sin30 = 0
d2 = 254.314
sin 32
d2 = 479.911 kg
TARIK
a3 → ΣH = 0
a2 + a3 - G3.cos30 + d2.cos30 = 0
1358.45 + a3 - 406.988 + 406.988 = 0
1358.447 + a3 = 0
a3 = - 1358.45 kg
TEKAN
4 Simpul E
a4 → ΣV = 0
a3.sin30 + a4.sin30 = 0
679.223 + a4.sin30 = 0
a4 = -679.223
sin 30
a4 = -1358.447 kg
TEKAN
d4 → ΣH = 0
- G4 + a4.cos30 + d4 + -a3.cos30 = 0
-479.911 + 1176.449 + d4 + -1176.449 = 0
-479.91 + d4 = 0
d4 = 479.91 kg
TARIK
5 Simpul H
d3 → ΣV = 0
d1.sin30 + d2 + d3.sin30 = 0
254.314 + 479.911 + d3.sin30 = 0
734.226 + d3.sin30 = 0
d3 = - 734.226
sin 32
d3 = - 1385.54
TEKAN
b2 → ΣH = 0
-b1 + d1.cos30 - d3.cos30 + b2 = 0
-1152.028 + 406.988 - 1175.007 + b2 = 0
-1920.047 + b2 = 0
b2 = 1920.0 kg
TARIK
W W'1
4
W W'1
B. Akibat Beban Angin Kiri 4
W3
W'2
W
2 W'3
W
1
Diketahui :
W1 = W4 = 6.63 kg W'1 = W'4 = 11.05 kg
W2 = W3 = 13.27 kg W'2 = W'3 = 22.11 kg
Penguraian arah vertikal dan horizontal
RBV → ΣMA = 0
RBV x 8.25 - Wv1 x 8.25 - Wv2 x 6.875 - Wv3 x 5.5 - Wv4 x
W'1v x ### + W'2v x 2.75 + W'3v x 1.375 + W'4v x 0 = 0
RAV x
Kontrol :
- RBV + RAV - ΣWv + ΣW'v = 0
- 11.488 + 34.465 - 22.977 + 38.295 = 0
-7.659 = 0 → OK
RAH → ΣH = 0
RAH + W1h + W2h + W3h + W4h + W'1h + W'2h + W'3h +
RAH + ### + 6.63 + 6.63 + 3.316 + ### + ### + ### +
RAH +
Penyelesaian :
1 Simpul A
a1 → ΣV = 0
RAV - W1v + a1.sin30 = 0
34.465 + 5.74 + a1.sin30 = 0
40.210 + a1.sin30 = 0
a1 = -
a1 = -
b1 → ΣH = 0
-RAH + W1h -a1.cos30 + b1 = 0
-53.063 + 3.316 -69.645 + b1 = 0
-119.392 + b1 = 0
b1 = 119.392 kg
TARIK
2 Simpul C
d1 → ΣV = 0
-W2 + d1.sin60 = 0
-13.27 + d1.sin60 = 0
d1 = 13.266
sin 60
d1 = 15.318
TARIK
a2 → ΣH = 0
-a1 + a2 + d1.cos30 = 0
-80.42 + a2 + 13.266 = 0
-67.154 + a2 = 0
a2 = 67.154 kg
TARIK
3 Simpul D
d2 → ΣV = 0
-W3 + d2.sin60 = 0
-13.266 + d2.sin60 = 0
d2 = 13.266
sin 60
d2 = 15.318 kg
TARIK
a3 → ΣH = 0
a2 + a3 + d2.cos60 = 0
67.154 + a3 + 7.659 = 0
74.813 + a3 = 0
a3 = - 74.813 kg
TEKAN
W1'
4 Simpul E
d4 → ΣV = 0
-a3.sin60 - W4v + W'1v + d4.sin60 =
-64.790 - ### + ### + d4.sin60 =
-60.960 + d4.sin60 =
d4 =
d4 =
a4 → ΣH = 0
-a3 - W4h + W'1h + a4.cos60 + d4.cos60 = 0
-74.813 - ### + ### + a4.cos60 + 35.195 = 0
-37.406 + a4.cos60 = 0
a4 = 37.406
cos 60
a4 = 74.813
TARIK
W2'
5 Simpul F
d6 → ΣV = 0
W'2 + d6.sin30 = 0
### + d6.sin30 = 0
d6 = -22.11
d6 sin 30
d6 = -44.219 kg
TEKAN
a5 → ΣH = 0
a4 + a5 - d6.sin30 = 0
74.813 + a5 -22.110 = 0
52.703 + a5 = 0
a5 = -52.703 kg
TEKAN
W3'
6 Simpul G
d7 → ΣV = 0
W'3 + d7.sin60 = 0
### + d7.sin60 = 0
d7 d7 = -22.11
sin 60
d7 = -25.530 kg
TEKAN
a6 → ΣH = 0
-a5 + a6 - d7.cos60 = 0
-52.703 + a6 -12.765 = 0
-65.468 + a6 = 0
a6 = 65.468 kg
TARIK
W4'
7 a6 B
Simpul
b3 → ΣH = 0
b3 + a6.cos30 + W'4h = 0
b3 + 56.697 + ### = 0
b 62.224 + b3 = 0
3 b3 = -62.224 kg
TEKAN
8 Simpul H
d3 → ΣV = 0
-d1.sin30 - d2 + d3.sin49 = 0
-7.6590 -15.318 + d3.sin49 = 0
-22.977 + d3.sin49 = 0
d3 = 22.977
sin 49
d3 = 30.445
b2 → ΣH = 0 TARIK
-b1 - d1.cos30 + d3.cos49 + b2 = 0
-119.392 ### + 19.974 + b2 = 0
-112.684 + b2 = 0
b2 = 112.684 kg
TARIK
9 Simpul J
d5 → ΣV = 0
d5.sin49 - d6 + d7.sin30 = 0
d5.sin49 -44.219 + 19.268 = 0
d5.sin49 -24.951 = 0
J d5 = 24.95
sin 49
d5 = 33.061
TARIK
W'1 W4
C. Akibat Beban Angin Kanan
W'2
W3
W'3 W2
W'4
Diketahui :
W1 = W4 = 6.63 kg W'1 = W'4 = 11.05 kg
W2 = W3 = 13.27 kg W'2 = W'3 = 22.11 kg
Penguraian arah vertikal dan horizontal
RAV → ΣMA = 0
RAV x 8.25 - Wv1 x 8.25 - Wv2 x ### - Wv3 x 5.5 -
W'1v x ### + W'2v x 2.75 + W'3v x ### + W'4v x 0
RAV x
RBV → ΣMB = 0
RBV x 8.25 - W'4v x 8.25 - W'3v x ### - W'2v x 5.5 -
Wv4 x ### + Wv3 x 2.75 + Wv2 x ### + Wv1 x 0
Kontrol :
RAV - RBV - ΣWv + ΣW'v = 0
11.488 - 34.465 - 22.977 + 38.295 = 0
-7.659 = 0 → OK
RAH → ΣH = 0
RAH + W1h + W2h + W3h + W4h + W'1h + W'2h + W'3h +
RAH + ### + 6.63 + 6.63 + 3.316 + ### + ### + ### +
RAH +
Penyelesaian :
W'4
1 Simpul A
a1 → ΣV = 0
RAV + W'4v + a1.sin30 = 0
11.488 + 9.57 + a1.sin30 = 0
21.06 + a1.sin30 = 0
a1 = -
a1 = -
b1 → ΣH = 0
-RAH + W'4h -a1.cos30 + b1 = 0
-53.063 + 5.53 -36.481 + b1 = 0
-84.016 + b1 = 0
b1 = 84.016 kg
TARIK
W'3
2 Simpul C
d1 → ΣV = 0
W'3 + d1.sin60 = 0
22.11 + d1.sin60 = 0
d1 = -22.110
sin 60
d1 = -25.530
TEKAN
a2 → ΣH = 0
-a1 + a2 - d1.cos30 = 0
-42.12 + a2 -22.110 = 0
-64.234 + a2 = 0
a2 = 64.234 kg
TARIK
3 Simpul D
a3 d2 → ΣV = 0
W'2 + d2.sin60 = 0
a2
22.110 + d2.sin60 = 0
d2 d2 = -22.110
sin 60
d2 = -25.530 kg
TEKAN
a3 → ΣH = 0
a2 + a3 + d2.cos60 = 0
64.234 + a3 + -12.765 = 0
51.469 + a3 = 0
a3 = - 51.469 kg
TEKAN
W'1 W4
4 Simpul E
d4 → ΣV = 0
-a3.sin60 + W'1v - W4v + d4.sin60 =
-44.574 + ### - ### + d4.sin60 =
-40.744 + d4.sin60 =
d4 =
d4 =
a4 → ΣH = 0
-a3 + W'1h - W4h + a4.cos60 + d4.cos60 = 0
-51.469 + ### - ### + a4.cos60 + 23.524 = 0
-25.735 + a4.cos60 = 0
a4 = 25.735
cos 60
a4 = 51.469
TARIK
W3
5 Simpul F
d6 → ΣV = 0
W3 + d6.sin30 = 0
### + d6.sin30 = 0
d6 = 13.27
sin 30
d6 d6 = 26.532 kg
TARIK
a5 → ΣH = 0
-a4 + a5 - d6.sin30 = 0
-51.469 + a5 -13.266 = 0
-64.735 + a5 = 0
a5 = 64.735 kg
TARIK
6 Simpul G W2
d7 → ΣV = 0
-W2 + d7.sin60 = 0
### + d7.sin60 = 0
d7 = 13.27
d7 sin 60
d7 = 15.318 kg
TARIK
a6 → ΣH = 0
-a5 + a6 - d7.cos60 = 0
-64.735 + a6 -7.659 = 0
-72.394 + a6 = 0
a6 = 72.394 kg
TARIK
7 Simpul B W1
a6 b3 → ΣH = 0
b3 + a6.cos30 + W1h = 0
b3 + 62.695 + ### = 0
66.011 + b3 = 0
b b3 = -66.011 kg
3 TEKAN
8 Simpul H
d3 → ΣV = 0
-d1.sin30 - d2 + d3.sin49 = 0
-12.7650 -25.530 + d3.sin49 = 0
-38.295 + d3.sin49 = 0
d3 = 38.29
sin 49
d3 = 50.741
b2 → ΣH = 0 TARIK
-b1 - d1.cos30 + d3.cos49 + b2 = 0
-84.016 -22.110 + 33.289 + b2 = 0
-72.837 + b2 = 0
b2 = 72.837 kg
TARIK
9 Simpul J
d5 → ΣV = 0
d5.sin49 - d6 + d7.sin30 = 0
d5.sin49 -26.532 + 11.561 = 0
d5.sin49 -14.971 = 0
d5 = 14.971
J sin 49
d5 = 19.837
TARIK
D. Rekap Tabel Gaya Batang
Jenis Kayu
Kayu Bengkirai Kelas II mutu A
1) Bj Kayu = 800 kg/m²
2) σ izin lt = 75 x ß x ɣ x
= 75 x 1 x 1 1/4 x
= 70.3125 kg/cm²
3) σ izin ds // = σ tr // = 60 x ß x ɣ x
= 60 x 1 x 1 1/4 x
= 56.25 kg/cm²
4) σ izin ds tegak lurus = 15 x ß x ɣ x
= 15 x 1 x 1 1/4 x
= 14.0625 kg/cm²
5) τ izin // = 8 x ß x ɣ x
= 8 x 1 x 1 1/4 x
= 7.5 kg/cm²
6) E// = 80000 kg/cm²
= 8.10⁴ kg/cm²
Pada perhitungan kontrol dimensi batang tekan diambil gaya batang terbesar. Maka diambil batang b
Data yang ada :
ltk : 0.00 m = 0 cm
Pmax : 2032.731 kg = ### ton
Kayu yang digunakan : b = 8 cm
h = 12 cm
Fbruto : 8 x 12 = 96 cm²
i. Pada batang Tarik mengalami perlemahan akibat sambungan baut sebesar 25%
Fnetto: Fbruto x 75% = 96 x 0.75
= 72 cm²
ii. Kontrol tegangan yang timbul terhadap tegangan ijin
σtr// = Pmax ≤ Ϭtr// ijin
Fnetto
= 2032.731 ≤ ### kg/cm²
72
= 28.232 kg/cm² ≤ ### kg/cm² AMAN
Jadi, kayu dengan ukuran 8/12 aman digunakan untuk batang tarik
Sambungan kuda-kuda memakai gigi tunggal menurut garis bagi sudut luar (membagi sudut)
A. Sambungan pada Titik Buhul A (Sambungan batang a1, b1)
Data yang ada :
Sambungan batang a1 dan b1
S (Pmaks) = 1400.571
Sudut (α) = 30
lv ≥ 15
8.086 cm ≥ 15 cm (maka dipakai lv minimal yaitu 15 cm)
E. Sambungan pada Titik Buhul H (Sambungan b1, d1, d2, d3, b2)
Data yang ada :
Sambungan batang b1, d1, d2, d3, dan b2
S (Pmaks) = 2032.731
Sudut (α) = 30
0.009
B. Akibat Berat Sendiri Usuk
a) Akibat berat sendiri
q = berat sendiri usuk x jarak usuk
= 51.034 x 0.5
= 25.517 kg/m
qx = q x sin α
= 25.517 x sin 28
= 11.980 kg/m
Wq = W x l
= 4 x 1.416
= 5.663 kg/m
• a + c : Mx = Mxa + Mxc
= 3.001 + 1.419
= 4.420 kgm
Di ambil kombinasi beban
terbesar, yaitu a + b : Mx = 19.617 kgm
C. Pendimensian Usuk
Diketahui b = 2
h
3
Wx = 1 x b x h²
6
= 1 x 2 h x h²
6 3
= 2 h³
18
= 1 h³
9
17655.46
58.594 kg/cm² =
h³
17655.46
h³ =
58.594
h³ = 301.320
h = 6.704 cm = 7 cm
2
b = h
3
2
= 6.704
3
= 4.469 cm = 5 cm
Jadi, dipakai usuk dengan dimensi 5/7
E. Mencari Dimensi Usuk Akibat Gaya Lintang
Data yang ada :
τ = 4.688 kg/cm²
L ( jarak gording ) = 1.416 m = 141.6 cm
Total berat sendiri usuk = 51.034 kg/m²
Dmax = RA = 1 x q x l
2
1 x 51.034 x 1.416
=
2
= 36.125 kg
2 x Dmax
τ =
3 bh
3 x 36.125
4.6875 =
2 2xhxh
3
36.125
4.6875 =
h²
36.125
h² =
4.6875
h² = 7.707
h = 3.853 cm = 5 cm
2
b = h
3
2
= 3.853
3
= 2.569 cm = 3 cm
Pada perhitungan didapat ukuran 3/5
F. Kontrol Terhadap Lenturan
Syarat lenturan harus lebih kecil dari
1
F = L
300
Dalam perencanaan kuda – kuda kayu ini direncanakan
1
F = L (jarak gording)
300
1 x 141.6 cm
=
300
= 0.472 cm
a) Momen Inersia ( I )
1 x b x h³
Ix =
12
1 x 3 x 5 ³
=
12
= 31 cm⁴
5 qx (l)⁴
Fx1 = x
384 E Ix
5 0.120 x 141.6 ⁴
= x
384 60000 x 31
= 0.334 cm
1 Px . ( l : 3 )³
Fy = x
48 E . lx
1 46.9472 . ( 141.6 : 3 )³
= x
48 60000 x 31
= 0.055 cm
F = √ Fx² + Fy²
= √ 0.334 ² + 0.055 ²
= 0.339 cm
F < F Ijin
0.339 < 0.472 AMAN
qx = q x sin α
= 178.406 x sin 28
= 83.756 kg/m
Wq = W x l
= 4 x 1.416
= 5.663 kg/m
Momen yang timbul Mmax = 1 . Wq . l²
8
Mxc = 1 x 5.663 x 3.250 ²
8
= 7.477 kgm = 747.673 kgcm
Kombinasi Pembebanan
• a + b : Mx = Mxa + Mxb
= 110.585 + 38.145
= 148.729 kgm
• a + c : Mx = Mxa + Mxc
= 110.585 + 7.477
= 118.061 kgm
Di ambil kombinasi beban terbesar, yaitu a + b : Mx = 148.729 kgm
C. Pendimensian Gording
Diketahui b = 2
h
3
Wx = 1 x b x h²
6
= 1 x 2 h x h²
6 3
= 2 h³
18
= 1 h³
9
133856.159
kg/cm² =
h³
133856.159
h³ =
58.594
h³ = 2284.478
h = 13.170 cm = 14 cm
2
b = h
3
2
= 13.170
3
= 8.780 cm = 10 cm
Pada perhitungan didapat ukuran 10/14
Dmax = RA = 1 x q x l
2
1 x 54.894 x 3.25
=
2
= 89.203 kg
3 x Dmax
τ =
2 bh
3 x 89.203
4.6875 =
2 3xhxh
2
89.203
4.6875 =
h²
89.203
h² =
4.6875
h² = 19.030
h = 9.515 cm = 12 cm
2
b = h
3
2
= 9.515
3
= 6.343 cm = 8 cm
F. Kontrol Terhadap Lenturan
Syarat lenturan harus lebih kecil dari
1
F = L
300
Dalam perencanaan kuda – kuda kayu ini direncanakan
1
F = L (jarak kuda-kuda)
300
1 x 325 cm
=
300
= 1.083 cm
a) Momen Inersia ( I )
1 x b x h³
Ix =
12
1 x 8 x 15 ³
=
12
= 2250.00 cm⁴
5 qx (l)⁴
Fx1 = x
384 E Ix
5 0.838 x 325 ⁴
= x
384 60000 x 2250.00
= 0.90 cm
F = √ Fx1² + Fx2²
= √ 0.90 ² + 0.441 ²
= 0.504 cm
F < F Ijin
0.504 < 1.083 AMAN
qx = q x sin α
= 26.057 x sin 28
= 12.233 kg/m
Wq = W x l
= 4 x 1.416
= 5.663 kg/m
• a + c : Mx = Mxa + Mxc
= 3.065 + 1.419
= 4.483 kgm
Di ambil kombinasi beban
terbesar, yaitu a + b : Mx = 19.681 kgm
C. Pendimensian Usuk
Diketahui b = 2
h
3
Wx = 1 x b x h²
6
= 1 x 2 h x h²
6 3
= 2 h³
18
= 1 h³
9
17712.62
58.594 kg/cm² =
h³
17712.62
h³ =
58.594
h³ = 302.295
h = 6.711 cm = 7 cm
2
b = h
3
2
= 6.711
3
= 4.474 cm = 5 cm
Jadi, dipakai usuk dengan dimensi 5/7
E. Mencari Dimensi Usuk Akibat Gaya Lintang
Data yang ada :
τ = 4.688 kg/cm²
L ( jarak gording ) = 1.416 m = 141.6 cm
Total berat sendiri usuk = 52.114 kg/m²
Dmax = RA = 1 x q x l
2
1 x 52.114 x 1.416
=
2
= 36.890 kg
2 x Dmax
τ =
3 bh
3 x 36.890
4.6875 =
2 2xhxh
3
36.890
4.6875 =
h²
36.890
h² =
4.6875
h² = 7.870
h = 3.935 cm = 5 cm
2
b = h
3
2
= 3.935
3
= 2.623 cm = 3 cm
Pada perhitungan didapat ukuran 3/5, tetapi untuk perencanaan
menggunakan kayu ukuran 4/6 cm.
a) Momen Inersia ( I )
1 x b x h³
Ix =
12
1 x 4 x 6 ³
=
12
= 72 cm⁴
5 qx (l)⁴
Fx1 = x
384 E Ix
5 0.122 x 141.6 ⁴
= x
384 60000 x 72
= 0.148 cm
• Akibat beban berguna
P = 100 kg
Px = P x sin α
= 100 x sin 28
= 46.947 kg
1 Px .
( l : 3 )³
Fy = x
48 E . lx
1 46.95 . ( 141.6 : 3 )³
= x
48 60000 x 72
= 0.024 cm
F = √ Fx² + Fy²
= √ 0.148 ² + 0.024 ²
= 0.150 cm
F < F Ijin
0.150 < 0.472 AMAN