PERHITUNGAN GORDING
: Aceh Barat
Fungsi bangunan
: Pertokoan / Perkantoran
Tipe kuda-kuda
: Inggris Tarik
Bahan kuda-kuda
: Baja
Bentang kuda-kuda
: 17,9 m
Lebar bangunan
: 16,65 m
Jumlah portal
: 6 buah
Jarak portal
: 5,9 m
Jenis kuda-kuda
: Truss/Rangka Batang
: 50 kg/m2
Kemiringan atap
: 340
: 40 kg/m2
: Las
Fy
: 250 Mpa
Tegangan ijin
: 1666,67 kg/cm2
1
tinggi kudakuda=tan bentang kudakuda
2
10,8
=7,71 bentang 8 bentang
1,4
10,8
=1,34946 1,35 m
8
+1=9 buah
( 10,8
1,35 )
jumlah gording=
: 13,97cm2
: 11 kg/m
: 489 cm4
: 99,2 cm4
: 65,2 cm3
: 10,5 cm3
= 11
kg/m
= 50 kg/m2 x 1,35 m
= 67,47 kg/m
= 9,861 kg/m+
Q Total
qx=q cos
= 98,61 kg/m
= 108,471 kg/m
1
Mqx= qx l 2
8
108,471cos 34
1
89,9268 (5,9 )2
8
89,9268 kg /m
391,2941kgm
qy=q sin
1
l
Mqy= qy
8
3
108,471sin 34
1
5,9
60,6564
8
3
60,6564 kg /m
29,3257 kgm
()
( )
b. Beban hidup
Menurut PMI 70 hal 15 pasal 3.2 (3), beban hidup (P) pada atap pada gedung
ditetapkan minimum 100 kg, maka diasumsikan 120 kg.
px=p cos
1
Mpx= px l
4
100 cos 34
1
82,9038 5,9
4
82,9038 kg
122,2830 kgm
py= p sin
1
l
Mpy= py
4
3
100 sin34
1
5,9
55,9193
8
3
55,9193 kg
27,4937 kgm
c. Beban angin
Berdasarkan PMI 83 hal 19)
Jenis bangunan : bangunan tertutup
15,1139 kg / m
1
Mwtx= wt l 2
8
1
15,1139 ( 5,9 )2
8
65,7644 kgm
koefisien anginhisap=0,4
Wh=0,4 jarak antar gording W
0,4 1,35 40
21,5913
1
Mwhx= whl 2
8
1
(21,5913 ) ( 5,9 )2
8
93,9491 kgm
B.hidup
hisap
kombinasi
primer
1
-93,9491
0
beban angin
B.mati
122,2830
391,2491
Tekan
65,764
4
27, 4937
29,3257
kombinasi sekunder
2
513,5771
579, 3415
419, 6280
56,8193
56,8193
391,2491+ 122,2830=513,5771kgm
komb . sekun 2 x=beban mati ( qx ) +beban hidup ( px ) +angin tekan( wtx)
56,8193
2.1.5 Kontrol
a. Kontrol tegangan
Digunnakan kombinasi momen terbesar
x Mx=579, 3415 kgm=57934,15 kgcm
y My=56,8193 kgm=5681,93 kgcm
A
Q
lx
ly
Wx
Wy
=
Mx My
+
ijin=1666,67 kg /cm
Wx Wy
57934,15 5681,93
+
65,2
10,5
=888,5606+541,1366
=1429,6972
kg
ijin=1666,67 kg /m aman
m
px q y Lbetang
+
2
2
82,9038 60,6564 17,9 m
+
2
2
584.3267
3D
2A
3 584.3267
=62.7409 kg /cm
2 13,97 cm 2
Idil = 2 +3 2 ijin
kg
=1666,67 kg / cm
cm ijin
Mx
ijin
57934,15
=34,7605 cm2 <Wx=65,2 cm 3 aman
1666,67
d. Kontrol lendutan
Berdasarkan PPBBI84 hal 15 pasal 15.1 (1), lendutan maksimum yang diijinkan
untuk gording lebih kecil dari 1/250 x L. Maka lendutan yang terjadi:
1
500
fmax=
l=
=2
cm
250
250
Dimana:
qx
qy
Px
Py
Ix
Iy
L
= 89.9268 kg/m
= 60.6564 kg/m
= 82.9038 kg
= 55.9193 kg
= 489 cm4
= 99.2cm4
= 5 m = 500 cm
= 0,899268 kg/cm
= 0,606564 kg/cm
Maka :
q x . L4 1 p x . L 3
5
f x=
+
384 E . I x 48 E . I x
f x=
+
384
48
kg
6 kg
4
2,1 x 10
. 489 cm
2,1 x 10 6
. 489 cm 4
cm
cm
f x =1,7271 cm
L 4
L
qy.
py.
3
3
5
1
f y=
+
384
E.I y
48
E.I y
()
()
590 cm
590 cm
0, 606564 kg / cm.
55.9193 kg .
3
3
5
1
f y=
+
384
kg
48
kg
2,1 x 10 6
. 35,7 cm4
2,1 x 106
. 35,7 cm 4
cm
cm
f y =0.0993 cm
Resultan lendutan
f = f x 2+ f y 2
f = ( 1,7271cm ) + ( 0.0993 cm )
2
f max=2 cm
Ly =
1
1
l
3
3
x 5,9 cm = 1,9667 m
Data pehitungan :
Jarak antar kuda-kuda = 5,90 m
Beban terpusat(py)
= 55.9193 kg
= 33.2230 kg/m
= 1,35 m
Jumlah gording
= 9 buah
Sudut kemiringan
= 340
Tegqngqn ijin
= 1666.6667kg/cm
= 3,14
q y l
33.2230 1,9667
+ py=
+55.9193=121.2578 kg
3
3
lx
ly
tan =
1,35 m
=0.6826
1,9667 m
arc tan0.8097=34,4565
maka ,sin 34,4565= 0.5658
n pmaks 9 121,2578
R=
=
=1928,8753 kg
sin
0.5658
R 1928,8753
F= =
=1,1573
1666.6667
d=
F4
1,1573 4
=
=1,2142cm 12,142 mm
3,14
= 17,9 m
= 5,9 m
= 1,35 m
= 40 kg/m
= 2 buah
= 10,80 m
Tegangan ijin
= 340
= 0.6745
= 2,1 x 106 kg/cm2
= 1666.6667 kg/cm
= 3,14
Gaya P diambil dari hubungan gording dan ikatan angin yang arahnya sejajar sumbu gording
( PPBBI 84 hal. 64 )
Dimana : P
= ( 0,01 x Pkuda-kuda ) + ( 0,005 x n x q x dk x dg )
n
Pada bentang ikatan angin harus memenuhi syarat berdasarkan PPBBI 83 hal 64 yaitu :
h
l
h
l
0,25 Q
E Atepi
0,25.Q
E. Atepi
= bentang kuda-kuda.
= n . q . l . dk
Pk
Pernyelesaian :
a=tan 0
( 12 B )
a=tan 34 0
( 12 8.95 )
a=3.0184
b=tan
( 12 (ldg) )
b=tan 34
( 12 ( 10,81,35 ) )
b=3.1858
A tepi =
a+b
dg
2
A tepi =
3.0184+3.1858
1,35
2
A tepi =
2.2988
Qtepi =n q l dk
Qtepi =2 40 10,8 5,9
Qtepi =5095,5471
h
0,25 Q
l
E A tepi
5,9
0,25 5095,5471
10,8
2,1 106 2.2988
0,5465 0,0162
.......> MEMENUHI
m
25 kg/m) :2
( 5,075m 6,016
2
Pkudakuda =
( a2 b ) ( tekanan2 angin )
( 23,018423,1858 )( 402 )
96,1601
P' =( 0,01 Pkudakuda ) +(0,005 n q dk dg)
( 0,01 1,1573 ) +(0,005 2 40 5,9 1,35)
32,8088
ijin 1666,6667
1600 kg /m
Dimana :
1
F= d 2
4
d=
4 0,0197
=0,1584 cm
3,14
1,6 mm .
1. Beban mati
a. Berat sendiri kuda-kuda (L+5)
a1. Jarak kuda-kuda maksimal:(17,9m+5)x5,9m
m2
a2. Simpul tengah:(1/15) x 135,11m2 x 17,9m =
a3. Simpul tepi : x 161,23 m3
=
b. Berat sendiri penutup atap
b1. Simpul tengah: 50kg/m2 x 5,9m x 1,35m
=
2
b2.Simpul puncak: (50kg/m x 1x 5,9m)+398,25kg
693,25 kg
b3. Simpul tepi: (1/2 x 398,25kg)
c. Beban akibat gording
135,11
161,23 m3
80,62 m3
398,25 kg
=
199,13 kg
f.
kg
e2. Simpul tepi: (1/2) x 126,73 kg
=
63,37 kg
Beban akibat berat sendiri kuda-kuda
Simpul tengah (p2-p8=p10-p16)(a1+b1+c1+d1+e1) =
851,11
kg
Simpul tepi (p1=p17)(a2+b3+c1+d1+e2)
Simpul puncak (p9)(a1+b2+c2+d1+e1)
= 508,01 kg
=
1211,01 kg
2. Beban hidup
66,0800 kg/m
W thorizontal =
W tekan sin
= 66,0800
W tvertikal =
sin 34
= 36,9515
W tekan cos
= 66,0800
cos 34
= 54,7828
Angin hisap (Wh)
= - 0,4 x jarak kuda-kuda x W
= - 0,4 x 5,90 m x 40 kg/m2
= -94,4000 kg/m
Whhorizontal = Wh x sin
= - 94,4000 kg/m x sin 34
= - 52,7878 kg/m
Whvertikal = Wh x cos
= - 94,4000 kg/m x cos 34
= - 78,2611 kg/m
RA H = 0
H =0
Beban simetris beban kiri dan kanan sama
MA = MB = 0
= P1+P2+P3+P4+P5+P6+P7+P8+P9+P10+P11+P12+P13+P14+P15+P16+P17
2
= ((508,01 x 2)+(851,11 x 14)+ + 1211,01)
2
= 14142,6123
2
= 7071,3061
Cek : V = 0
RAV + RBV =
(P1+P2+P3+P4+P5+P6+P7+P8+P9+P10+P11+P12+P13+P14+P15+P16+P17) = 0
14142,6123 14142,6123= 0
OK
1. TITIK BUHUL A
V = 0
RAV - P1 + s1. Sin 34
=0
7071,3061 508,01+ s1.(0,5592)
=0
6563,2995+ s1.(0,5592) = 0
s1 = -11737,0937 kg (tekan)
H = 0
s17 - s1 cos34
=0
s17 - 11737,0937. (0,8290) = 0
s17 - 9730,4917
=0
s17 = 9730,4917 kg (tarik)
2. TITIK BUHUL R
=0
s17 s18
=0
9730,4917 - s18 = 0
s18 = 9730,4917 kg (tarik)
V=0
S33 = 0
3. TITIK BUHUL C
Y=0
P2 cos34 + s34. Cos 34= 0
851,11 (0,8290) + s34 (0,8290) = 0
705,6049 + s34. 0,8290 = 0
S34 = - 851,1133 kg (tekan)
X=0
s1+s2-P2.sin34-s34.sin34=0
11737,0937 +s2-851,11( 0,5592)- 851,113(0,5592)=0
11737,0937 + s2 -475,9365-475,9365= 0
10785,2207+s2 =0
s2= -10785,2207 kg (tekan)
4. TITIK BUHUL S
V=0
S35+s34.sin34 = 0
S35+(851,1133)(0,5592) = 0
S35 = -475,9365 kg (tekan)
H=0
S34.cos34+s18-s19 = 0
851,113( 0,8290)+ 9730,4917 - s19 = 0
705,6049 + 9730,4917 s19= 0
s19 = 10436,0965 kg (tarik)
5. TITIK BUHUL D
Y=0
P3.cos34- s35.cos34 + s36.cos3= 0
851,11(0,8290) 475,9365( 0,8290)+ s36(0.9986) = 0
705,6049 394,5692 + 0,9986. s36 = 0
311,0356+0,9986.S36=0
S36 = -311,4625 kg (tekan)
X=0
s2+s3+s35.cos34- P3.sin34-s36.sin3 = 0
10785,2207+S3+(475,9365.0,829)-(851,11.0,5592)-(311,4625.0,0523)=0
10785,2207+S3+394,5692 475,9365 16,3007 =0
s3 + 10687,5527 = 0
s3 = -10687,5527 kg (tekan)
6. TITIK BUHUL T
V=0
S37+S36.sin53 = 0
S37+(311,4625.0,986)=0
s37+ 248,7450 =0
s37 = -248,7450 kg (tekan)
H=0
S36.cos34+s19- s20 = 0
(311,4625.0,8290)+10436,0965-S20=0
258,2141 + 10436,0965 s20=0
10694,3106 s20 = 0
S20 = 10694,3106 kg (tarik)
7. TITIK BUHUL E
Y=0
P4.cos34-s37.cos34 +s38.cos8 = 0
(851,11.0,8290)-(248,7450.0,829)+S38.0,9903=0
705,6049- 206,2190 + S38. 0,9903=0
S38. 0,9903= -499,3859
S38= -504,2937kg (tekan)
X=0
s3 + s4 + s37.cos34 - P4.sin34 - s38.sin8 =0
10687,5527+ s4 + (248,745.0,829) (851,11.0,5592) (504,2937.0,1392) =0
10687,5527 + s4 + 206,219- 475,9365 70,1841 =0
S4+10347,6511=0
S4 = -10347,6511 kg (tekan)
8. TITIK BUHUL U
V=0
s39+s38.sin64= 0
S39+(504,2937.0,8988)=0
s39+453,2562=0
s39= -453,2562 kg (tekan)
H=0
s38.cos34+s20- s21 = 0
(504,2937.0,829)+10694,3106-S21=0
418,0784+ 10694,3106- s21=0
11112,389 S21 = 0
S21= 11112,389 kg (tarik)
9. TITIK BUHUL F
Y=0
P5.cos34-s39.cos34 +s40.cos14 = 0
(851,11.0,829)-(453,2562.0,829)+(S40.0,9703)=0
705,6049-375,7664+S40(0,9703)=0
S40(0,9703)=-329,8385
S40= -339,9360 kg (tekan)
X=0
s4+s5+s39.cos34- P5.sin34-s40.sin14=0
10347,6511+S5+(453,2562.0,829)-(851,11.0,5592)-(339,936.0,2419)=0
10347,6511+S5+375,766- 205,903-47,31=0
S5+ 10470,2046=0
S5= -104702046(tekan)
10. TITIK BUHUL V
V=0
S41+s40.sin70 = 0
S41+(339,936.0,9397)=0
S41+319,4354=0
S41 = -319,4354 kg (tekan)
H=0
S40.cos34+s21- s22 = 0
(339,936.0,829)+11112,389-S22=0
281,8198+11112,389-S22=0
11394,2088-S22=0
S22 = 11394,2088 kg (tarik)
11. TITIK BUHUL G
Y=0
P6.cos34 - s41.cos34 + s42.cos17 = 0
(851,11x0,829)-(319,4354x0,829)+S42(0,9563)=0
705,6049-264,8239 + S42(0,9563)=0
440,7809+ S42(0,9563)=0
S42= -460,921 kg (tekan)
X=0
s5 + s6 + s41.cos34 - P6.sin34 - s42.sin17=0
10470,2046 +S6+(319,435x0,5592)-(851,11x0,5592)-(460,921x0,2924)=0
10470,2046+ S6 + 264,8239 475,9365-134,7603 =0
S6 + 10124,3318 =0
S6= -10124,3318 kg (tekan)
12. TITIK BUHUL W
V=0
S43 + s42.sin73 = 0
S43 + (460,921x0,9563)=0
S43 + 440,7809=0
S43 = -440,7809 kg (tekan)
H=0
S42.cos34 + s22 - s23 = 0
(460,921x0,829)+11394,2088-s23=0
382,1208+ 11394,2088 - S23 =0
11776,3296 - S23=0
S23 = 11776,3296 kg (tarik)
S
S1=S16
S2=S15
S3=S14
S4=S13
S5=S12
S6=S11
S7=210
S8=S9
S17=S32
S18=S31
S19=S30
S20=S29
S21=S28
S22=S27
S23=S26
S24=S25
S33=S61
S34=S60
S35=S59
S36=S58
S37=S57
S38=S56
S39=S55
S40=S54
S41=S53
Gaya(kg)
-11737,0937
-10785,2207
-10687,5527
-10347,6511
-10470,2046
-10124,3318
-10081,8663
-9729,7098
9730,4917
9730,4917
10436,0965
10694,3106
11112,3890
11394,2088
11776,3296
12076,4520
0
-851,1133
-475,9365
-311,4625
-248,7450
-504,2937
-453,2562
-339,9360
-319,4354
GW=MW
HW=LW
HX=LX
IX=KX
IY=KY
JK=
S42=S52
S43=S51
S44=S50
S45=S49
S46=S48
S47
-460,9210
-440,7809
-362,0130
-351,2596
-446,9420
9670,5561
0,35 cm
L1
e1
e2
L2
e1 = 1,56 cm
e2 = 3,44 cm
= 0,35 cm
50 . 50 . 9
P = 11737,0937
s1 12
s 2 12
F1
e2
3,44
P 12
11737,0937 3364,6335
6
6
e1
1,56
P 12
11737,0937 1525,8222
6
6
kg
kg
s1 3364,6335
3,4807
1525,8222
cm2
Ln
F1 3,4807
9,8
a
0,35
cm
Lbruto = Ln + 3a = 9,8 + (3 0,35) = 10,442 cm ~ 11 cm
s
1525,8222
F2 2
1,5784
966,6667
cm2
F 1,5784
Ln 2
4,4645
a
0,35
cm
Lbruto = Ln + 3a = 4,4645 + (3 0,35) = 4,7 cm ~ 5 cm
Panjang las yang dipakai L1
= 11 cm
L2
= 5 cm
Untuk selanjutnya panjang las batang tekan s1 inilah yang dipakai sebagai
pedoman dalam menentukan panjang las batang yang lain.
2.7 Perhitungan Baut Angker
Panjang Angker
Direncanakan :
Diameter baut angker (db) : 16 mm
Luas tulangan (A = . r2) : 200,96 mm
Mutu baja (fy)
: 250 Mpa
Fc : 26 Mpa
0,02. A. fy
fc
Ibd =
0,02.200,96.250
26
=
= 197,0575
Tetapi tidak kurang dari S = 0,06 . db . fy
= 0,06 . 16 . 250 = 240 mm
Dipakai baut angker 16 dengan panjang 240 mm.
Jumlah Angker :
Gaya geser = 9730,4917 kg