FASILITAS KESEHATAN
TINGKAT PERTAMA
Dr.dr. Arlina Dewi, M.Kes (MARS UMY)
Subtopik
01 Pendahuluan
Mengapa penting dibicarakan di FKTP ?.
02 Tantangan di FKTP
Proses pre-cleaning sd sterilisasi/desinfeksi
03 Akreditasi FKTP
PPI di dalam standar Akreditasi FKTP.
04 CEKLIST
Contoh ceklist assessment CSSD di FKTP.
05 Hasil-Hasil Penelitian
Di Pelayanan gigi dll
KONDISI-KONDISI MEMPRIHATINKAN DI FKTP
MENGAPA PPI DI
LAYANAN PRIMER
MENJADI PERHATIAN PENTING ?
TRANSMISSION INFECTION
SARANA TURN
GATEKEEPER
PRASARANA OVER SDM
JKN TR MINIMAL
TINGGI
1. HAND HYGIENE
2. PENGGUNAAN PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
3. RESPIRATORY HYGIENE
4. SAFE INJECTION PRACTICES
5. DESINFECTION LINGKUNGAN DAN
PERALATAN
PRE CLEANING
Menurunkan risiko infeksi melelui kegiatan ddekontaminasi melalui
proses pembersihan awal (pre-cleaning)
Ruang Pencucian :
• Tidak di tempat khusus, tetapi masih
bercampur dengan misal pencucian alat-alat
makan
• Di masing-masing ruang pelayanan dan
petugas tidak menggunakan APD sesuai
standar
TANTANGAN DI FKTP
(lanjut)
STERILISASI - DESINFEKSI
Menurunkan risiko infeksi melelui kegiatan ddekontaminasi melalui
proses pembersihan awal (pre-cleaning)
KATAGORI SPAULDING
• Peralatan Non kritikal : Desinfeksi tingkat rendah
• Peralatan semikritikal (mis. Orppharyngeal airway (OPA)/Guedel,
penekan lidah, kaca gigi—DTT : Direbus atau kimiawi
• Peralatan Kritikal (instrument bedah, partus set) : STERILISASI
Ruang Pencucian :
• Tidak di tempat khusus, tetapi masih
bercampur dengan misal pencucian alat-alat
makan
• Di masing-masing ruang pelayanan dan
petugas tidak menggunakan APD sesuai
standar
Komite /TIM
Keselamatan
pasien
Laporan
Tim/PJ PPI
TUGAS : Pengawasan
dan supervisi PPI
i. Persiapan
i. Pengujian untuk konsentrasi yang sesuai
i. Penggantian (setelah kedaluwarsa atau hilangnya khasiat)
i. Pembuangan
G. Jika menggunakan peralatan pemrosesan ulang otomatis, konektor yang tepat digunakan untuk
memastikan bahwa saluran dan lumen didisinfeksi dengan benar.
H. Peralatan medis didisinfeksi untuk jangka waktu yang sesuai, seperti yang ditentukan oleh petunjuk
pabrik
I. Peralatan medis didesinfeksi pada suhu yang sesuai, seperti yang ditentukan oleh petunjuk pabrik
J. Setelah DTT, Peralatan medis dibilas dengan air steril, air yang disaring, atau air ledeng diikuti
dengan pembilasan dengan 70% –90% ethyl atau isopropyl alkohol
K. Peralatan medis dikeringkan secara menyeluruh sebelum digunakan kembali. Catatan: Instrumen
berlumen (mis., Endoskopi) membutuhkan pembilasan saluran dengan alkohol dan memaksa udara
melalui saluran
L. Setelah DTT, Peralatan medis disimpan dengan cara sesuai untuk melindungi dari kerusakan atau
kontaminasi
M. Fasilitas menyimpan catatan untuk setiap endoskopi (mis., Sistoskopi, USG vagina, anoskopi, dll.)
Prosedur yang mencakup nama pasien, nomor rekam medis, prosedur, tanggal, ahli endoskopi,
sistem untuk memproses ulang Peralatan medis (jika lebih dari 1 yang digunakan), dan nomor seri
dari ruang lingkup, probe, dll.
N. Fasilitas melakukan pembersihan awal peralatan medis sebelum dikirim ke fasilitas CSSD di luar
lokasi
(Reuland et Inadequate energy availability is associated with irregular water supply and poor
al., 2020) medical equipment sterilization; it adversely affects provider safety and contributes to
poor lighting and working conditions. Some challenges, such as poor availability and
maintenance of back-up energy sources, disproportionately affect smaller HCFs.
(Leite et al., CSSD nursing team members of a hospital in Paraíba understood continuing education
2011) as a means to gather new knowledge and, thus, improve the quality of service and
increase safety in actions and personal satisfaction at work. They also highlighted the
need for updating, lack of materials, adequate physical structure and contingent of
workers, which lead them to excessive workload.
(Florêncio et CSSD nursing team members of a hospital in São Paulo attributed the importance of
al., 2011) their work to assisting service users, mainly to their role in controlling infections and
the quality of materials and the fact that they made surgical procedures feasible.
However, the participants believed that workers from other sectors of the hospital did
not value them and did not know the work performed by the CSSD nursing technician.
Teamwork, investment in training and good management were highlighted as the main
facilitators of the work at CSSD. Insufficient materials, problems in decision-making
are the main obstacles
(Martins et the aspects that compromise the work within the SMPD are: inadequate infra-structure,
al., 2011) poor dynamics of human relationships, poor qualification of professionals, and stress
(Lopes et From interviews with nursing assistants and technicians from the CSSD of a hospital in
al., Londrina, four categories that configure the general structure of the phenomenon ‘Being a
2007). nursing team member at CSSD’ are: ‘Speaking of joining CSSD ‘, in which some pointed out
that they did not choose to work at the unit and that they entered without knowing it well and
because they contracted pathologies that prevented direct care to users; ‘Talking about the
work developed at CSSD, which addresses the turnover of workers in the different sectors of
the CSSD; ‘Experiencing difficulties’, which addresses the repetition of work in the CSSD,
physical tiredness and work overload; and ‘Overcoming obstacles’, which deals with the
feeling of usefulness and importance of their work as a tool to overcome difficulties.
(HISSI, Adoption of best practices sometimes meets resistance. Leadership together with staff must
2020) increase awareness, improve the desire to change to meet the standard, and even ask for
incentives.
All members of CSSD should learn. Learning together can improve the ability to create
desired results. The department’s staff should encourage participating in learning formulating
policies and procedures.
PENELITIAN TENTANG
CIPRATAN SALIVA & DARAH
SAAT TINDAKAN GIGI
Tim Prodi MARS UMY (Cynthia, Arlina,
Iwan, 2020) :
Aerosols and Splatter
Contamination in Dental Practice
During COVID-19
Metode : observasi pada 80
tindakan gigi di rawat jalan gigi
RSGM. Setiap selesai tindakan
dilakukan pengecekan penyebaran
kontaminasi saliva dan darah di
kursi gigi dan dokter gigi,
menggunakan ” Blacklight”
HASIL
LOCATION ∑
FACE SHIELD PERCENTAGE
CONTAMINATION
(N=62)
1 28 45.16
2 39 62.90
3 27 43.55
4 12 19.35
5 31 50.00
KONTAMINASI DI GOWN