Pasar Modal
Sumber :
Arthur J. Keown
James C. Van Horn
Bambang Riyanto
1
Penetapan Struktur Modal
• Struktur modal : bauran pendanaan
permanen jangka panjang perusahaan
yang diwakili oleh hutang, saham
preferen dan ekuitas saham biasa
• Penetapan struktur modal :
bagaimana baiknya
memotong donat tsb
Debt (30%)
Equity (70%)
2
The Capital structure decision
Current Liabilities
Bagaimana perusahaan
memperoleh uang untuk
Long-term debt membiayai investasi yang
dibutuhkan?
Shareholders’ Equity
3
Keputusan Pendanaan
4
Contoh soal : Debt ratio dan average cost of
capital dari 3 perusahaan
Komponen A B C
Modal
Proposi Biaya Proposi Biaya Proposi Biaya
modal modal modal
5
Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Struktur Modal :
6
How to create value through financing ?
• Fool investors
• Menurunkan biaya atau meningkatkan subsidi
• Create a new security
• Dampak dari leverage keuangan :
– Jika EPS dgn financial leverage > EPS
tanpa financial leverage maka firm
menghasilkan leverage yg menguntungkan
• Rekapitalisasi
7
Bagaimana Perusahaan Membuat Capital Structure
10
Ilustrasi Struktur Modal
11
O NOI ?
ko Tingkat kapitalisasi ?
keseluruhan
V Nilai total perusahaan ?
(O/ko)
B Nilai pasar hutang ?
13
A Description of Efficient Capital Markets (EMH)
14
Reaction of Stock Price to New Information in Efficient
and Inefficient Markets
Response yang
terlambat
Efficient market respon terhadap“good
terhadap “good news” news”
15
Efficient market respon Respon yg
Stock terlambat
Price terhadap “bad news”
terhadap “bad
news”
• Weak Form
– Harga sekuritas merefleksikan seluruh
informasi yang diperoleh dari past prices and
volume.
• Semi-Strong Form
– Harga sekuritas merefleksikan seluruh
informasi yang tersedia secara publik.
• Strong Form
– Harga sekuritas merefleksikan seluruh
informasi-public and private.
17
Weak Form Market Efficiency
18
Why Technical Analysis Fails
19
Semi-Strong Form Market Efficiency
20
Strong Form Market Efficiency
21
Relationship among Three Different Information Sets
All information
relevant to a stock
Information set
of publicly available
information
Information
set of
past prices
22
Penelitian2 EMH :
23
Event Studies : How Tests Are Structured
-0.244
-8 -6 -0.72-4 -2 -0.483 0 2 4 6 8
-1
-2 Efficient market
-3
response to “bad news”
-3.619
-4
-4.563-4.747-4.685-4.49
-5 -5.015 -4.898
-5.183
-5.411
-6
27
The Record of Mutual Funds
28
Annual Return Performance of Different Types of U.S.
Mutual Funds Relative to a Broad-Based Market Index
(1963-1998)
0.00%
Annual Return Performance
All funds Small- Other- Growth Income Growth and Maximum Sector
-10.00% company aggressive funds funds income capital funds
growth growth funds gains
funds funds funds
-20.00%
-30.00%
-40.00%
-50.00%
-60.00%
Taken from Lubos Pastor and Robert F. Stambaugh, “Evaluating and Investing in
Equity Mutual Funds,” unpublished paper, Graduate School of Business,
University of Chicago (March 2000). 29
The Strong Form of the EMH