Jiptummpp GDL Fennyyunih 49567 1 Pendahul N
Jiptummpp GDL Fennyyunih 49567 1 Pendahul N
FENNY YUNIHARTO
iv
6. Dian Ermawati, M. Farm., Apt. sebagai Dosen Wali yang telah memberikan
asuhan akademik, bimbingan moral dan nasehat selama mengikuti pendidikan di
Program Studi Farmasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
7. Sovia Aprina Basuki, M.Si., Apt. selaku Kepala Laboratorium Sediaan
Farmasetika.
8. Seluruh staf Pengajar Program Studi Farmasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
yang telah memberikan ilmu pengetahuan sehingga penulis menyelesaikan
pendidikan sarjana dengan lancar.
9. Laboran Laboratorium Teknologi Sediaan Farmasi dan Kimia Terpadu II: Mas
Ferdi yang membantu penulis dalam penelitian.
10. Dyah Rahmasari, S. Farm., Wisnu Agi Tidarria, S. Farm., Apt., Desi Aprilia, S.
Farm., Titin, S. Farm., Sulistiawati, S. Farm., Mahiru U., S. Farm., Novi Indah L.,
S. Farm., serta sahabat - sahabat terbaik selama masa perkuliaan yang menjadi
penyemangat, penghibur dan selalu ada pada saat senang ataupun susah, begitu
juga keluarga yang lain Icha dan Juing seperjuangan dalam skripsi ini.
11. Pompiye H, Putri Ayu W, Eva Aulia, Mala A.M, Dwi Rahmiati, Anabiatul, serta
teman – teman kos Veteran Dalam 11 A.
12. Angkatan 2011 kelas farmasi C dan farmasi A atas persahabatan selama di bangku
perkuliahan.
13. Semua pihak yang tidak dapat disebut satu persatu, terima kasih atas bantuan,
dukungan, semagat, dan doa yang telah diberikan dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini.
Akhri kata, semoga Allah SWT membalas kebaikan Bapak, Ibu dan
Saudara sekalian. Semoga skripsi ini dapat memberikan sumbangan bagi
perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dalam bidang kefarmasian bagi kita semua.
Aamiin. Terima kasih.
Fenny Yuniharto
v
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
HALAMAN JUDUL .......................................................................................... i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................... ii
LEMBAR PENGUJIAN .................................................................................... iii
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ iv
RINGKASAN ..................................................................................................... vi
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... viii
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... x
DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................. xiii
DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... xiv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................... xv
DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................... xvi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................. 1
1.1 Latar Belakang.............................................................................. 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ....................................................................... 3
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ......................................................................... 3
1.4 Hipotesis Penelitian ..................................................................... 3
1.5 Manfaat Penelitian ....................................................................... 4
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ................................................................ .... 5
2.1 Tanaman Kelor (Moringa oleifera) ............................................. 5
2.1.1 Klasifikasi Tanaman Kelor ................................................ 5
2.1.2 Morfologi Tanaman Kelor ................................................. 6
2.1.3 Kandungan Kimia Daun Kelor .......................................... 6
2.2 Tinjauan Kulit .............................................................................. 7
2.2.1 Struktur Kulit ..................................................................... 7
2.2.2 Fungsi Kulit ....................................................................... 9
2.3 Tinjauan Body Scrub ................................................................... 11
2.3.1 Definisi Body Scrub ........................................................... 11
2.3.2 Exfoliating Agent ............................................................... 11
x
2.4 Vanishing Krim ........................................................................... 11
2.5 Emulgator .................................................................................... 12
2.6 Dasar Formulasi ........................................................................... 12
2.9 Tinjauan Bahan ............................................................................ 13
2.9.1 Setil Alkohol ...................................................................... 13
2.9.2 Propilen Glikol .................................................................. 13
2.9.4 TEA ................................................................................... 13
2.9.5 Asam Stearat ...................................................................... 14
2.9.6 Silika .................................................................................. 14
2.9.7 Gliserin .............................................................................. 15
2.10 Ekstraksi .................................................................................... 15
BAB III KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL .......................................................... 18
3.1 Uraian Kerangka Konseptual ....................................................... 18
3.2 Kerangka Konseptual .................................................................. 19
BAB IV METODE PENELITIAN .................................................................. 20
4.1 Rancangan Penelitian .................................................................. 20
4.2 Variabel Penelitian ...................................................................... 20
4.2.1 Variabel Bebas ................................................................... 20
4.2.2 Variabel Tergantung .......................................................... 20
4.3 Definisi Operasional .................................................................... 20
4.4 Tempat Dan Waktu Penelitian ..................................................... 20
4.4.1 Tempat Penelitian .............................................................. 20
4.4.2 Waktu Penelitian ............................................................... 21
4.5 Bahan Penelitian .......................................................................... 21
4.6 Alat Penelitian ............................................................................. 21
4.7 Metode Penelitian ........................................................................ 21
4.7.1 Persiapan Sampel Daun Kelor ........................................... 21
4.7.2 Analisis Kadar Air Sampel Daun Kelor ............................ 21
4.7.3 Proses Ekstraksi Daun Kelor .............................................. 22
4.8 Rancangan Formula ...................................................................... 22
4.9 Cara Pembuatan Sediaan ............................................................. 22
4.10 Uji Evaluasi Sediaan .................................................................. 23
xi
4.10.1 Evaluasi Fisik Sediaan ..................................................... 23
4.10.1.1 Organoleptis .......................................................... 23
4.10.1.2 Pengukuran pH ...................................................... 23
4.10.1.3 Viskositas .............................................................. 24
4.10.1.4 Penentuan daya sebar ............................................ 24
4.12 Analisis Data ............................................................................. 24
BAB V HASIL PENELITIAN ......................................................................... 26
5.1 Hasil Pemeriksaan Organoleptis Serbuk Daun Kelor................... 26
5.2 Hasil Pemeriksaan Organoleptis Sediaan Body Scrub ................. 26
5.3 Hasil Pengukuran pH Sediaan ...................................................... 27
5.4 Hasil Pengukuran Daya Sebar Sediaan ...................................... 28
5.5 Hasil Pengukuran Viskositas Sediaan ......................................... 30
BAB VI PEMBAHASAN ................................................................................. 32
BAB VII KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .......................................................... 37
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 38
LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................................... 42
xii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel Halaman
II.1 Kandungan Kimia Kelor .............................................................................. 6
II.2 Syarat Mutu Pelembab Kulit ....................................................................... 12
II.3 Acuan Formulasi ......................................................................................... 12
IV.1 Formulasi Body Scrub ................................................................................ 22
V.1 Hasil Pengamatan Organoleptis Sediaan Body Scrub Ekstrak Daun Kelor . 27
V.2 Hasil Pengukuran pH Sediaan Body Scrub Ekstrak Daun Kelor ................. 27
V.3 Hasil Pengukuran Daya Sebar Sediaan Body Scrub Ekstrak Daun Kelor.... 29
V.4 Hasil Pengukuran Viskositas Sediaan Body Scrub Ekstrak Daun Kelor .... 30
x
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar Halaman
2.1 Tanaman Kelor ............................................................................................. 5
2.2 Struktur Kulit ............................................................................................... 7
3.1 Bagan Kerangka Konseptual ........................................................................ 19
4.1 Skema Pembuatan Body Scrub .................................................................... 23
4.2 Skema Kerja ................................................................................................. 25
5.1 Serbuk Daun Kelor ....................................................................................... 26
5.2 Histogram Harga Ph Formulasi I (FI), Formulasi II (FII), Dan Formulasi III
(FIII) Sediaan Body Scrub Ekstrak Daun Kelor ......................................... 28
5.3 Histogram Harga Daya Sebar Formulasi I (FI), Formulasi II (FII), Dan
Formulasi III (FIII) Sediaan Body Scrub Ekstrak Daun Kelor ................... 29
5.4 Histogram Harga Viskositas Formulasi I (FI), Formulasi II (FII), Dan
Formulasi III (FIII) Sediaan Body Scrub Ekstrak Daun Kelor ................... 31
xi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran Halaman
1. Daftar Riwayat Hidup ............................................................................ 42
2. Surat Pernyataan ..................................................................................... 43
3. Perhitungan Rendemen Pembuatan Ekstrak Daun Kelor ....................... 44
4. Alur Pembuatan Ekstrak Daun Kelor ..................................................... 45
5. Hasil Uji Statistik ph Sediaan Body Scrub Ekstrak Daun Kelor ............. 46
6. Data Pengukuran Penyebaran Sediaan Body Scrub Ekstrak Daun Kelor 47
7. Hasil Uji Statistik Viskositas Sediaan Body Scrub Ekstrak Daun Kelor 54
8. Preparasi Ekstrak Daun Kelor ................................................................ 55
9. Bahan yang Diperlukan dalam Pembuatan Body Scrub Ekstrak Daun
Kelor ....................................................................................................... 58
10. Pembuatan Sediaan Body Scrub Ekstrak Daun Kelor ........................... 60
11. Alat Uji Evaluasi Sediaan Ekstrak Daun Kelor .................................... 63
12. Tabel F ................................................................................................... 65
13. Laporan Hasil Analisa FT-IR TEA ........................................................ 66
14. Laporan Hasil Analisa FT-IR Silika ...................................................... 68
15. Laporan Hasil Analisa FT-IR Setil Alkohol .......................................... 70
16. Sertifikat Analisa Propilen Glikol .......................................................... 72
17. Sertifikat Analisa Gliserin ...................................................................... 73
18. Surat Determinasi Tanaman Kelor ......................................................... 74
19. Surat Permohonan Ijin Penggunaan Laboratorium Biologi UMM ....... 75
xii
DAFTAR SINGKATAN
xiii
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41