Oleh:
LUKMAN BAIHAQI
201210330311147
i
HASIL PENELITIAN
Diajukan kepada
Oleh:
LUKMAN BAIHAQI
201210330311147
ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
Telah disetujui sebagai hasil penelitian untuk memenuhi persyaratan pendidikan sarjana Fakultas
Kedokteran
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Pembimbing I
Pembimbing II
Mengetahui,
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Dekan,
iii
LEMBAR PENGUJIAN
Tim Penguji
iv
KATA PENGANTAR
Syukur Alhamdulillah saya panjatkan kepada Allah SWT atas rahmat dan hidayah-Nya
sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir yang berjudul Pengaruh Pemberian Kopi
Robusta (Coffea canephora var. Robusta) Terhadap Perubahan Histopatologi Paru Tikus Putih
(Rattus Norvegicus) Strain Wistar Jantan. Penulisan penelitian ini dilakukan dalam rangka
memenuhi salah satu syarat untuk mencapai gelar Sarjana Kedokteran Jurusan Pendidikan
Dengan terwujudnya tugas akhir ini, penulis ingin menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih
kepada:
1. dr. Irma Suswati, M.Kes, selaku Dekan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah
Malang.
2. dr. Moch. Ma’roef, Sp.OG, selaku Pembantu Dekan I Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang.
Muhammadiyah Malang.
4. dr. Iwan Sys, Sp.KJ, selaku Pembantu Dekan III Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang.
5. dr. Dian Yuliartha Lestari, Sp.PA, selaku dosen pembimbing 1 yang telah bersedia
membimbing dengan sabar dan meluangkan waktu ditengah kesibukan selama penulisan
6. dr. Meddy Setiawan, Sp. PD, selaku pembimbing 2 yang telah memberikan masukan dan
telah meluangkan waktunya ditengah kesibukan selama penulisan tugas akhir ini.
v
7. dr. Sulistyo Mulyo Agustin, Sp.PK, selaku penguji yang telah memberikan masukan yang
8. Seluruh staf Tata Usaha dan Laboran Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah
Penulis menyadari bahwa penyusunan tugas akhir ini jauh dari sempurna, walaupun
demikian penulis telah berusaha semaksimal mungkin serta mendapatkan bantuan dan bimbingan
dari dosen pembimbing dalam rangka penyusunan. Tanpa bantuan dan dorongan dari berbagai
pihak, sangatlah tidak mudah menjalani masa perkuliahan hingga pada penyusunan tugas akhir
ini.
Akhir kata penulis berharap adanya saran dan kritik yang membangun dan semoga
penelitian ini dapat menambah wawasan serta bermanfaat bagi semua pihak.
Penulis
vi
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
HALAMAN JUDUL........................................................................................... i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................ ii
LEMBAR PENGUJIAN ..................................................................................... iii
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ iv
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ............................................................................... vi
ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................... viii
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ ix
DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... x
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... xiii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................... xiv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang..................................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah................................................................................ 3
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................. 4
1.3.1 Tujuan Umum............................................................................ 4
1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus ........................................................................... 4
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................... 4
1.4.1 Manfaat Akademis..................................................................... 4
1.4.2 Manfaat Klinik........................................................................... 4
1.4.3 Manfaat Masyarakat .................................................................. 4
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1 Paru-Paru ............................................................................................. 6
2.1.1 Anatomi, Fisiologi dan Histologi Paru ...................................... 6
2.1.1.1 Anatomi Paru ................................................................ 6
2.1.1.2 Fisiologi Paru ................................................................ 8
2.1.1.3 Histologi Paru ............................................................... 9
2.1.1.3.1 Bronkus ............................................................. 10
2.1.1.3.2 Bronkiolus ........................................................ 10
2.1.1.3.3 Alveolus ............................................................ 11
2.2 Tumor Paru .......................................................................................... 11
2.3 Kopi (Coffea sp.) ................................................................................. 15
2.3.1 Sejarah Kopi .............................................................................. 15
2.3.2 Fitokimia Kopi........................................................................... 16
2.3.3 Jenis Kopi .................................................................................. 17
2.3.3.1 Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica) ..................................... 17
2.3.3.2 Kopi Robusta (Coffea robusta) ..................................... 18
2.3.4 Pengolahan Kopi ....................................................................... 19
2.3.5 Fitokimia Kopi........................................................................... 21
2.3.5.1 Alkaloid ......................................................................... 22
2.3.5.2 Saponin.......................................................................... 24
2.3.5.3 Senyawa Fenol .............................................................. 24
2.3.5.4 Flavonoid ...................................................................... 25
vii
2.3.5.5 Tanin ............................................................................. 26
2.3.6 Aktifitas Antioksidan pada Kopi ............................................... 26
2.3.7 Akrilamida pada Kopi ............................................................... 17
2.4 Pengaruh Pemberian Akrilamida pada Paru ........................................ 30
BAB III KERANGKA KONSEP DAN HIPOTESIS
3.1 Kerangka Konsep ................................................................................ 33
3.2 Hipotesis .............................................................................................. 34
BAB IV METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
4.1 Jenis Penelitian .................................................................................... 35
4.2 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian.............................................................. 35
4.3 Populasi dan Sampel ............................................................................ 35
4.3.1 Populasi ..................................................................................... 35
4.3.2 Sampel ....................................................................................... 35
4.3.3 Estimasi Besar Sampel .............................................................. 35
4.3.4 Teknik Pengambil Sampel......................................................... 36
4.3.5 Karakteristik sampel Penelitian ................................................. 36
4.3.6 Variabel Penelitian .................................................................... 37
4.3.6.1 Variabel Bebas .............................................................. 37
4.3.6.2 Variabel Terikat ............................................................ 37
4.3.7 Definisi Operasional .................................................................. 37
4.4 Dasar Penentuan Dosis ........................................................................ 38
4.5 Bahan dan Instrumen Penelitian .......................................................... 39
4.5.1 Bahan Penelitian ........................................................................ 39
4.5.2 Instrumen Penelitian .................................................................. 40
4.6 Prosedur Penelitian .............................................................................. 41
4.7 Alur Penelitian ..................................................................................... 45
4.8 Teknik Pengumpulan Data .................................................................. 46
4.9 Analisis Data........................................................................................ 46
BAB V HASIL PENELITIAN ........................................................................... 48
5.1 Hasil Penelitian .................................................................................... 48
5.2 Analisa Data ........................................................................................ 50
BAB VI PEMBAHASAN ................................................................................... 55
BAB VII KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ........................................................... 59
7.1 Kesimpulan .......................................................................................... 59
7.2 Saran .................................................................................................... 59
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 61
LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................ 65
viii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
ix
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