Ecological impact of ‘Cantrang’ (seine net) on catches in the Java Sea (WPPNRI 712)

landed in Tegalsari fishing port

Ecological characteristic of catches of Cantrang’ (seine net) in the Java Sea (WPPNRI 712)
landed in Tegalsari fishing port during rainy season?

Ini format BIODIVERSITY Journal

Abstract A concise abstract is required (about 200 words). The abstract should be informative and state briefly the
aim of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. A n abstract is often presented separately from the
article, thus it must be able to stand alone (completely self-explanatory). References should not be cited, but if
essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential, they must be defined
at their first mention.

Keywords is about five words, covering scientific and local name (if any), research theme, and special methods
which used; and sorted from A to Z.

Abbreviations (if any): All important abbreviations must be defined at their first mention there. Ensure consistency
of abbreviations throughout the article.

Running title is about five words

Introduction is about 400-600 words, covering the aims of the research and provide an adequate background,
avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.

Laut Jawa merupakan perairan yang menjadi pusat kegiatan penangkapan ikan dengan berbagai alat
tangkap yang telah berlangsung lama dan intensif. Penangkapan ikan di Laut Jawa menghasilkan produksi hasil
tangkapan yang terbanyak di Indonesia pada tahun 2015 dengan total 1.433.406 ton (DGCF 2015). Letak laut jawa
yang strategis menyebabkan terjadinya pemanfaatan sumberdaya berlebihan. Berdasarkan penelitian Badrudin et al.
(2011) dimana kondisi perairan laut jawa sudah mengalami overfishing, terutama pada ikan demersal akibat
penangkapan yang intensif oleh alat tangkap cantrang. Salah satu pelabuhan perikanan di Laut Jawa yang memilki
banyak armada alat tangkap cantrang adalah Pelabuhan Perikanan Tegalsari. Pada tahun 2017, cantrang
mendominasi dengan jumlah kapal mencapai 1.555 unit (Hendrayana dan Hartanti 2018).
Cantrang merupakan alat tangkap yang digunakan untuk menangkap ikan demersal (Wijayanto et al. 2019).
Ikan demersal termasuk jenis ikan yang lambat pulih (Taurusman 2011). Cantrang termasuk dalam kategori alat
tangkap yang tidak ramah lingkungan dikarenakan banyaknya bycatch yang tertangkap karena selektivitas rendah
serta merusak ekosistem dasar laut (Kaiser et al. 2006; Hiddink et al. 2017; Noack et al. 2017). Oleh sebab itu
penangkapan menggunakan cantrang sangat berdampak pada sumberdaya ikan, terutama penangkapan
menggunakan kapal berukuran besar. Semakin besar ukuran kapal maka semakin banyak daya tangkapannya. Hal
tesebut dikarenakan kapal ukuran besar memilki trip penangkapan yang lebih lama sehingga dapat menangkap ikan
lebih banyak (Damasio et al. 2016). Selain itu, kapal ukuran besar juga memilki lokasi penangkapan yang lebih
dalam. Berdasarkan Hiddink et al. (2017) semakin dalam pengoperasian alat tangkap semakin besar juga tingkat
kematian ikan.
Kegiatan penangkapan sangat potensial memberikan pengaruh terhadap perubahan karakteristik ekologi.
Beberapa penelitian menunjukan adanya perubahan ekologi dasar laut seperti berkurangnya biodiversitas ikan
(Hooper et al. 2005; Thrush et al. 2016). Biodiveristas ikan digunakan sebagai alat untuk mengetahui keberlanjutan
kegiatan penangkapan dimasa depan (Hiddink et al. 2008). Selain itu, kegiatatan penangkapan menyebabkan
kematian pada populasi ikan yang berdampak pada hilangnya spesies penting pada perairan (Poulsen et al. 2007;
Martins et al. 2012). Hal tersebut mengakibatkan ketidakseimbangan tropik level dalam suatu perairan dikarenakan
perbedaan ratio pemangsa-mangsa yang dapat mengganggu struktur rantai makanan pada ekosistem laut (Pauly et al.
2005; Scheffer et al. 2005; Martins et al. 2012).
Penelitian terkait dampak ekologi pada ikan akibat penangkapan menggunakan cantrang masih sedikit
dilakukan. Pengetahuan tentang aspek ekologi digunakan sebagai tolak ukur dampak perubahan ekosistem perikanan
akibat tekanan penangkapan (Folke et al. 2004; Costello et al. 2010). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis
dampak ekologi ikan akibat penangkapan cantrang di PPP Tegalsari, yang didalamnya termasuk analisis komposisi,
biomassa, trofik level, habitat distribusi, kerentanan level hasil tangkapan berdasarkan ukuran kapal. Hal ini perlu
dilakukan karena sangat penting untuk informasi dasar manajemen perikanan sebagai upaya menjaga keberlanjutan
sumberdaya.

Materials and Methods should emphasize on the procedures and data analysis.

Study area

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Tegalsari, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia (Figure
1). PPP Tegalsari pada posisi 109º10’0” E – 7º01’0” S yang terletak di Kelurahan Tegalsari, Kecamatan Tegal
Barat, Kota Tegal. PPP Tegalsari merupakan salah satu basis pendaratan kapal cantrang terbesar di Jawa Tengah.

Figure 1. The study area in Tegalsari Fishing Port, Indonesia (Wulandari et al. 2021)

Data collecting

Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Bulan Januari sampai Febuari 2020. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara
observasi/survey dan menggunakan data dari statistik harian perikanan PPP Tegalsari. Sampel pada penelitian ini
sebanyak 60 kapal cantrang. Data yang dikumpulkan penelitian ini yaitu informasi data ukuran kapal, serta
komposisi jenis dan biomassa hasil tangkapan cantrang. Pengambilan data menggunakan teknik accidental
sampling, yaitu pada kapal cantrang yang mendaratkan hasil tangkapan pada bulan disaat dilakukan penelitian.
Ukuran kapal cantrang yang di teliti berada pada kisaran 20-156 GT.
Data analysis

Results and Discussion should be written as a series of connecting sentences, however, for manuscript with long
discussion should be divided into subtitles. Thorough discussion represents the causal effect mainly explains for
why and how the results of the research were taken place, and do not only re-express the mentioned results in the
form of sentences. Concluding sentence should be given at the end of the discussion.

Acknowledgements are expressed in a brief; all sources of institutional, private and corporate financial support for
the work must be fully acknowledged, and any potential conflicts of interest are noted.

Figures and Tables of maximum of three pages should be clearly presented. Title of a picture is written down
below the picture, while title of a table is written above the table. Colored figures can only be accepted
if the information in the manuscript can lose without those images; chart is preferred to use black and white
images. Author could consign any picture or photo for the front cover, although it does not print in the
manuscript. All images property of others should be mentioned source. Author is suggested referring to Wikipedia
for international boundary and Google Earth for satellite imagery. If not specifically mentioned, it is assumed to
refer to these sources.

-------------------------

Results and Discussion should be written as a series of connecting sentences, however, for manuscript with long
discussion should be divided into subtitles. Thorough discussion represents the causal effect mainly explains for
why and how the results of the research were taken place, and do not only re-express the mentioned results in the
form of sentences. Concluding sentence should be given at the end of the discussion.
Gambar … Volume hasil tangkapan setiap kelompok ukuran kapal cantrang yang didaratkan di
PP Tegalsari
 45000.00
40000.00
35000.00
Biomass of catch (kg)

30000.00
25000.00
20000.00
15000.00
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5000.00
0.00
20 - 30 31 - 50 51 - 100 101 - 200
Vessel Size Group (GT)

Biomass of catches by each size group of cantrang vessel in Tegalsari Fishing Port 2021

2,7 2,8 2,9 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6 3,7 3,9 4 4,3 4,4 4,5
9000.00

8000.00

7000.00

6000.00

5000.00
Biomass
(kg)

4000.00

3000.00

2000.00

1000.00

0.00
20 - 30 31 - 50 51 - 100 101 - 200
Vessel Size Group (GT)

Biomass of catches base on trophic level of the fish in different size group of cantrang vessel in
Tegalsari Fishing Port in …
 1800.00
1600.00
1400.00
1200.00
Biomass (kg)

1000.00
800.00
600.00
400.00
200.00
0.00
20 - 30 31 - 50 51 - 100 101 - 200
Vessel size group (GT)

Demersal Reef associates Pelagic Benthopelagic

Habitat distribution of cantrang catches in different size of Vessel in Tegalsari fishing port 2021

3500.00

3000.00

2500.00
Biomass (kg)

2000.00

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20 - 30 31 - 50 51 - 100 101 - 200
Vessel size group (GT)

Very high High Moderate Low

Composition of catches of cantrang based on vulnerability level in Tegalsari Fishing Port 2021
- Bisa dilihat model kota baru cara menyajikan persentase hasil ?

No Ecological catch group Vessel size (GT)

20 - 30 31 - 50 51 - 100 101 - 200 R p
Local name 75.88 72.60 74.39 71.18
Cumi 18.93 21.61 21.80 24.38
Kurisi 11.20 19.29 11.93 12.18
Selok/kuwe 11.81 5.73
Coklatan 11.77 11.14 8.81 8.20
Ekor Kuning 7.98 8.74 5.01
Swanggi 9.81 8.14 7.89
Pari 8.28 6.62 7.78
Kuniran 7.92 5.94
Kakap merah 4.55

Common name 75.88 72.60 74.39 71.18

Squid 18.93 21.61 21.80 24.38
Doublewhip threadfin bream 11.20 19.29 11.93 12.18
Longnose trevally 11.81 5.73
Lattice moncle bream 11.77 11.14 8.81 8.20
Fusilier fish 7.98 8.74 5.01
Moontail bullseye 9.81 8.14 7.89
Sharpnose stingray 8.28 6.62 7.78
Goldband goatfish 7.92 5.94
Red snappers 4.55

Species 81.16 83.46 82.42 83.10

Loligo spp. 18.93 21.61 21.80 24.38
Nemipterus nematophorus 11.20 19.29 11.93 12.18
Carangoides chrysophrys 5.28 11.81 6.60 5.73
Scolopsis taenioptera 11.77 11.14 8.81 8.20
Caesio spp. 7.98 8.74 4.46 5.01
Upeneus moluccensis 7.92 7.33 5.94 4.96
Netuma thalassina 3.54
Priacanthus hamrur 9.81 8.14 7.89
Maculabatis gerrardi 8.28 6.62 7.78
Selaroides leptolepis 3.57 3.81
Lutjanus argentimaculatus 4.55 3.15
Genus 81.68 80.04 82.60 80.14
Loligo 19.05 21.64 21.85 24.45
Nemipterus 11.27 19.32 11.96 12.21
Carangoides 5.31 11.83 6.62 5.74
Scolopsis 11.84 11.16 8.82 8.22
Caesio 8.04 8.75 4.47 5.02
Upeneus 7.96 7.34 5.95 4.97
Priacanthus 9.87 8.16 7.91
Maculabatis 8.33 6.63 7.80
Selaroides 3.57 3.81
Lutjanus 4.56

Family 83.21 80.62 81.97

Loliginidae 23.07 28.58 26.53 29.42
Nemipteridae 15.52 20.13 13.30 13.27
Caesionidae 9.85 11.54 5.40 6.34
Carangidae 7.37 7.82 7.28 6.34
Synodontidae 5.27 6.54 4.82 4.36
Ariidae 4.68
Serranidae 4.41
Priacanthidae 12.01 9.83 9.49
Dasyatidae 10.12 7.99 9.30
Lutjanidae 2.89

Trophic level 84.40 85.31 84.14 86.48

2.7 34.41 38.97 39.53 43.18
3.3 5.89
3.4 14.74 15.68 7.89 8.79
3.5 8.15 6.41 6.71
3.6 14.65 12.57 14.25 12.56
3.9 12.47 11.59 10.18 9.98
4.4 6.50

Group TL 100 100 100 100

III 55.39 50.74 57.77 57.21
IV 44.61 49.26 42.79 42.79

Habitat 100 100 100 100

Demersal 47.02 41.42 41.71 44.47
Reef Associates 42.91 38.47 38.89 37.78
Benthopelagic 0.68 16.52 4.39 2.14
Pelagic 9.39 3.58 15.02 15.61

Vulnerability 100 100 100 100

Low 64.56 59.41 59.02 58.01
Moderate 15.33 23.86 18.05 18.43
High 6.35 9.53 12.19 9.86
Very high 13.77 7.20 10.73 13.88
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