Diklat Dasar

Refrigersi & Tata

Udara Komersial

Prinsip & Operasi

Sistem Refrigerasi & Tata Komersial

MH Sapto Widodo
E-mail: sapto_widodo@yahoo.com
HP: 0813 2135 5563
 Prinsip & Operasi
Sistem Komersial

1. Prinsip & Komponen Sistem Komersial

2. Siklus Refrigerasi & Proses Tata Udara
3. Operasi Sistem Komersial
 Prinsip & Komponen
Sistem Komersial

1. Refrigeran & Isu Lingkungan

2. Sistem & Komponen Sistem Komersial
3. Aplikasi Sistem Komersial
 PRE LAB

Refrigeration
v.s
Cooling?
 Fact

• Semua proses Refrigeration

melibatkan Cooling, tetapi
semua proses Cooling tidak perlu
melibatkan Refrigeration“.
• Cooling : Spontaneous
• Refrigeration : Non Spontaneous
 PRE LAB

Refrigeration v.s Cooling?

• Refrigerant?
• Sistem Refrigerasi?
• Sistem Refrigerasi
Kompresi Uap?
• Sistem Tata Udara?
Isu Lingkungan & Phase Out Refrigerant

1. CFC & HCFC (e.g. R12, R22)

merusak lapisan Ozon di lapisan
stratosfir
2. Lapisan Ozon melindungi kita dari
radiasi sinar Ultra Violet
3. Bila lubang Ozon semakin besar,
semakin besar radiasi sinar Ultra
Violet mencapai kita
4. Akibatnya, meningkatkan
kerusakan katarak mata, kanker
kulit dan kegagalan panen
Phase Out

1. CFC : R12, R11 (1997)

2. HCFC : R22 (2010)
Refrigera
nt
Refrigerant Type Phase Out
R12 CFC 1997
R22 HCFC 2010
R123 HCFC 2010
R134A HFC
R407C Blend HFC
R410A Blend HFC
R717 Amonia
R718 Water
 Esasy
Test
Refrigera SUHU TEKANAN KONDISI
nt
R134A 46 oC 124 psiA Sat / Superheat / subcooled
R404A - 20 oC 15 psiA Sat / Superheat / subcooled
R407A 30 oC 120 psiA Sat / Superheat / subcooled
R410A -20 oC 35 psiA Sat / Superheat / subcooled
R22 56 oC 252 psiA Sat / Superheat / subcooled
 RELATIONSHIP
REFRIGERATION AIR CONDITIONING

Food Preservation &

Industrial Comfortable
Refrigeration
RELATIONSHIP
Metoda Mendapatkan Efek
Refrigerasi

1. Sensible Cooling
2. Endothermic process
3. Phase change process
4. Expansion of liquids/gases
5. Thermoelectric
6. Adiabatic Demagnetization
Metoda Mendapatkan Efek
Pendinginan

Proses Perubahan Fasa Endothermic

Ice: pada tekanan 1 atm, es mencair pada

suhu 0oC, entalpi: 335 kJ/Kg

Dry ice: pada tekanan 1 atm, menyublim

pada suhu -78,5 oC, entalpi: 573 kJ/kg

Refrigerant: memberikan efek pendinginan

saat terjadi perubahan fase.
Cooling Process

VAPOR
COMPRESSION

ABSORPTION
 Cara Lain

PELTIER EFFECT
(Joulean Effect)

Adiabatic Demagnitization
Air Cycle Refrigeration
System

Gas/Liquid expansion
Vapor Compression
Refrigeration
Vapor Compression
Refrigeration
Actual Cycle
 APLIKASI SISTEM
KOMERSIAL

Food Preservation
- Processing
- Storage
Comfortable
- Human Body
- Production
APLIKASI SISTEM
KOMERSIAL
APLIKASI SISTEM
KOMERSIAL
Siklus Refrigerasi
(cooling Process)
Refrigerant Status
P-H (MOLLIER) DIAGRAM
Pemetaan pada P-h
Diagram
 Pemetaan pada Pt-chart

Process 1-2: Isentropic compression of saturated vapour in compressor

Process 2-3: Isobaric heat rejection in condenser
Process 3-4: Isenthalpic expansion of saturated liquid in expansion device
Process 4-1: Isobaric heat extraction in the evaporator
Contoh Kasus Pemetaan
P-T Chart
Contoh Kasus Pemetaan
P-T Chart
 Proses Tata Udara

1. Cooling
2. Heating
3. Humidifying
4. Dehumidifying
5. Ventilating
Psychrometric Chart
Sensible heat process
Sensible & Latent heat
process
Mixing air process
Operasi
Sistem Komersial
 Aplikasi Refrigerasi
Komersial

Food preservation

Processing Storage

Chilling Freezing Chilled Frozen

product product
 Kondisi Buah &
Sayuran
Product Temp %RH Storage C >freezy C<freezy
o
C Life kJ/kg.K kJ/kg.K
apples -1 to 0 85 - 90 18 d 3.643 1.884
bananas 14 95 8 – 10 d 3.35 1.76
butter 0 t0 4 80 – 85 2m 1.382 -
Mangoes 10 85 – 90 2–3w 3.56 1.84
Tomatoes 14 to 21 85 – 90 2–4w 3.98 2.01
Grapes - 0.5 85 – 90 3–8w 3.6 1.84
Fish 0.5 to 1.5 90 – 96 5 – 15 d 2.9 – 3.6 -
Beef 0 to 1 88 – 92 1–6w 2.9 – 3.5 -
Frozen -18 to -23 90 - 95 9 – 12 m - 1.6 – 1.8
eggs -1.5 to -0.5 80 -85 6–9m 3.06 1.68
 Kasus Budidaya
Jamur
• Masa Tanam (1 bulan), 15oC, 90%RH
• Masa Panen: Pre-cooling (45 menit) ,
3oC, 90%RH
( 5 menit) , -1oC, 90%RH
• Cold Storage : -1oC, 90%RH
• Packing Hall (5 – 10 menit): Room conditioned
• Cold Room (1 – 2 hari) -1oC, 90%RH
• Transportation : -1oC, 90%RH
 Conversi
on

• Energy 1 kcal = 4,1868 kJ = 3,968 Btu

• Entalphy 1 kJ/kg = 0,239 kcal/kg = 0,42 Btu/lb

• Entrophy 1 kJ/kg.K = 0.239 kcal/kg.0C or Btu/lb.0F

• Refrigerating capacity 1 TR = 12.000 Btu/hr= 3,516 kW