Direncanakan pondasi tower Transmisi 150kV
No Tower : T.68
Type Tower : CC2+12 Spesial
Conductor :
Earth wire :
Lokasi ; SUTT 150 kV Likupang ‐ Pansu
1.1 Standar Acuan
1 Peraturan Beton Bertulang PBI‐71
2 Tatacara perhitungan beton untuk Pembangunan Gedung SNI‐T‐15‐1991‐03
3 Spesifikasi PLN
4 American Society Civil Engineer (ASCE)
5 American Concrete Institute (ACI‐318)
1.2 Spesifikasi Teknik (Faktor Keamanan) dan Material
1.2.1. Faktor Keamanan
1 Daya Dukung
Pondasi Dangkal : 3
Pondasi Dalam
‐ Dukung ujung : 3
‐ Gesek : 5
2 Stabilitas Guling : 2
3 Stabilitas Geser : 1.5
4 Uplift : 2
5 Differential Settlement : 2.5 cm
1.2.2 Spesifikasi Material
1 Mutu material
‐ Beton K‐225, fc : 186.75 kg/cm2
: 18.675 Mpa
‐ Kekutan lekat beton : 7.20243 kg/cm2
flekat = ((1/6) √(fc) SNI2002 : 0.720243 Mpa
‐ Tulangan BJTD 39, fy : 3900 kg/cm2
: 390 Mpa
‐ Tulangan BJTP 24, fy : 2400 kg/cm2
: 240 Mpa
‐ Baja Profile
‐* High tensile, Fy : 3550 kg/cm2
: 355 Mpa
'‐* Mild steel, Fy : 2350 kg/cm2
: 235 Mpa
;‐ Bolt M‐24 class 8.8
Fgeser : 3600 kg/cm2
: 360 Mpa
Ftarik : 8000 kg/cm2
: 800 Mpa
2 Berat Volume Material
For Compressed For Uplift
(untuk yang dibawah muka air)
‐ Berat pasir : 1400 kg/m3 400 kg/m3
‐ Berat tanah : 1700 kg/m3 700 kg/m3
‐ Berat beton bertulang : 2400 kg/m3 1400 kg/m3
‐ Berat lantai kerja : 2200 kg/m3 1200 kg/m3
‐ Berat baja : 7850 kg/m3 6850 kg/m3
1.3 Penentuan Kelas Pondasi
Data yang dipakai adalah berdasrkan hasil CPT (Core Penetration Test/Sondir).
Perhitungan daya dukung diijinkan berdasarkan formula Brien Hansen (1974)
1.4 Beban Reaksi untuk Desain Pondasi (dari pabrikan tower)
1.4.1 Reaction broken with SF W/O SF
Compression
Fz : 1,000.35 KN 102.01 ton 92.73 ton
Fy : ‐126.75 KN ‐12.92 ton ‐11.75 ton
Fx : ‐102.39 KN ‐10.44 ton ‐9.49 ton
Tension/UpLift
Fz : ‐863.08 KN ‐88.01 ton ‐80.01 ton
Fy : ‐84.55 KN ‐8.62 ton ‐7.84 ton
Fx : ‐113.60 KN ‐11.58 ton ‐10.53 ton
Brien Hansen (1974)
σijin = qc / / FR
FR = Faktor reduksi (20‐40)
Dari data sondir, pada kedalaman ‐1.60 m nilai qc = 250 kg/cm
Maka,
No Kedalaman qc FR σijin
m kg/cm2 kg/cm2
1 0.00
0 00 0 40 0
2 ‐0.20 2 40 0.05
3 ‐0.40 15 40 0.375
4 ‐0.60 15 40 0.375
5 ‐0.80 15 40 0.375
6 ‐1.00 40 40 1
7 ‐1.20 170 40 4.25
8 ‐1.40
1 40 180 40 45
4.5
9 ‐1.60 250 40 6.25
‐1.80
‐2.00
‐2.20
‐2.40
‐2.60
‐2.80
2 80
MODEL PONDASI
Fz
Fx
S FY
h1
FX S h2
FY h3
L
α
Pp h4
e γ(h) Kp
e cos45
cos45° e cos45
cos45°
Data Pondasi :
ata Pondasi :
L = 4800 mm Sudut kemiringan tower, β° = 8.79
B = 800 mm Untuk panjang stub vertikal (mm)= 4,447.17
h1 = 1000 mm e
jarak diagonal exentrisitas (mm)= 687.62
h2 = 400 mm ex = ey (mm) = 486.22
h3 = 2247.1676 mm Sudut Frustum (°) = 75
h4 = 800 mm S = h3/tgα = 602.13
Compressed 4447.167648 Berat Chimney
γsoil γsc = 1700 kg/m3 Wch = B x B x (h2+h3) x γcc
γconcrete γcc= 2400 kg/m3 Wch = 4,066.05 kg
Uplift (untuk yang dibawah muka air)
γsoil γsu = 700 kg/m3
γconcrete γcu= 1400 kg/m3 28.90553013
28 90553013
112,869.39 2444.9184 110,424.47
Berat Pondasi : 0.5 2.25 1700
Berat soil diatas pondasi 23.04 36.05106025 0.64 110424.47
Ws = (1/2x((LxL)+(L+2S)x(L+2S))x(h3))‐(BxBxh3)) x γsc
= 110,424.47 kg
Berat Concrete
Wconcrete Wc = ((LxLxh4)+BxB*(h3+h2)) x γcc
= 48,302.85 kg
Tegangan pada dasar Pondasi σmaks
•• Kontrol Terhadap Uplift :
Beban uplift Fz(‐) = 80,008.42 kg
Berat Pondasi WT = 158,727.32 kg
SF (uplift) = 2.00 ≥ 2 OK
•• Kontrol Terhadap Geser :
Beban Axial Fz(+) = 92,733.64 kg
Berat Pondasi WT = 158,727.32 kg
Totan Beban Compressed V = 251,460.96 kg
Sudut geser tanah qc=250 kg/cm2, Ø = 25 °
Koefisien gesek tanah ‐ beton, tg(1/3Ø) =
g , g( / Ø) 0.15 = μ
dimana sdt geser (tanah‐beton) antara 1/3Ø ‐ 2/3Ø
Keseimbangan Geser
Gaya tahan geser pondasi, Fp= V x μ = 36,833.61 kg
Beban geser tower, FT = 12,924.60 kg
SF(geser) =
= 2 85
2.85 > 15
1.5 OK
•• Kontrol Terhadap Guling :
Fz
Fx
FY
h1 Koefisien tanah aktip pasip.
h2 Aktip Ka = 0.307
Pasip Kp = 3.255
Ws1 Ws2
h3
PA1
Z1 Wc
PA2 h4
PA3 Z2 ey o
Z3 L1
L2
L3
γ(h) Ka L4
L/2 L/2
B
Z1 = h4+1/3h3 = 1.55 m
Z2 = 1/2.h4 = 0 40 m
0.40
Z3 = 1/3.h4 = 0.27 m
• Momen Perlawanan terhadap titik O:
L1 = 1/4 L = 1.20 m
L2 = 1/2L ‐ ey = 1.91 m
L3 = 1/2L = 2.40 m
L4 = 3/4L = 3.60 m
MP1 = Ws1 x L1 = ,
66,254.68 g
kgm
MP2 = Fz x L2 = 177,471.65 kgm
MP3 = Wc x L3 = 115,926.84 kgm
MP4 = Ws2 x L4 = 198,764.05 kgm
( g) =
SF(Guling) ΣMPi/ΣMGi
/ = 9.32 > 2 OK
KONTROL TEBAL PAD
•• Geser Satu Arah
Fz
Fx
FY
h1 Posisi penampang kritis
h2
h3 L
d' h4
1/2B
B L' d'
L/2 L/2
L/2 L/2
d' = h4‐selimut‐1 diameter tulangan
s = selimut =
selimut = 75 mm
ф = diameter = 19 mm
d' = tebal efektif = 706 mm
Tekanan Tanah Terfaktor :
Kuat Geser Beton :
Vc
Vc = (1/6 . F'c^0.5) L.d =
(1/6 . F c 0.5) L.d 2,440,759.53 N
N = 248,957.47 kg
Vu < ф Vc ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Ok
•• Geser Dua Arah
Fz
Fx
FY
h1
h2
1/2d' B 1/2d'
h3 L
d' h4
L/2 L/2
L/2 L/2
Lebar penampang kritis :
bx = B+1/2d'+1/2d' = 1,506.00 mm
B0 = 4 x bx = 6,024.00 mm
Gaya geser terfaktor yang bekerja pada penampang kritis
Vu = σ
= σf x (L
x (L² ‐ b
‐ bx²)) = 329 095 04 kg
329,095.04
Kuat Geser Beton (Vc) :
Dihitung yang terkecil dari ,
Vc1 = 0.17 (1+2/ßc) (λ√f'c).Bo.d'
Vc2 = 0.083 (αs.d'/B0+2) (λ√f'c).Bo.d'
Vc3 = (1/3) (λ√f'c).Bo.d'
ßc = Rasio sisi panjang dengan sisi pendek. Untuk bujursangkar = 1
αs = 40 kolom dalam, 30 kolom tepi, 20 kolom sudut
Vc3 = , ,
6,126,306.41 N = ,
624,883.25 kgg
Vc(min) = 624,883.25 kg
ф Vc(min) = 468,662.44 kg
Vu < ф Vc(min) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Ok
Tebal Pad mencukupi
• Perhitungan tegangan Maksimum‐Minimum
Fz
Fx
FY
h1
h2
Ws1 Ws2
h3
h4
e cos45°
L/2 L/2
B
Data Pondasi :
L = 4800 mm Sudut kemiringan tower, β° = 8.79
B = 800 mm Untuk panjang stub ver (mm)= 4,447.17
h1 = 1000 mm e
jarak diagonal exentrisitas (mm) = 687.62
h2 = 400 mm ex = ey (mm) = 486.22
h3 = 2247.16765 mm
h4 = 800 mm
Compressed
γsoil γsc = 1700 kg/m3
γconcrete γcc= 2400 kg/m3
Uplift
γsoil γsu = 700 kg/m3
γconcrete γcu= 1400 kg/m3
Berat Pondasi :
B t il di t
Berat soil diatas pondasi
d i
Ws = ((LxLx(h4+h3))‐(LxL*h4+BxBxh3)) x γsc
= 85,572.14 kg
Berat Concrete
Wconcrete Wc = ((LxLxh4)+BxB*(h3+h2)) x γcc
= 48,302.85 kg
Fz +WT 6.MP + MH
σmaks =
A(luas Dasar Pondasi)
+
L².L
Fz +WT 6.MP + MH
σmin =
A(luas Dasar Pondasi)
‐
L².L
Fz + WT = 251,460.96 kg
A(luas) = 230,400.00 cm²
MP = Fz x ex (momen akibat exentrisitas beban Vertikal)
MH = Fy x (h1+h2+h3+h4)
Fy x (h1+h2+h3+h4) (momen akibat beban Horizontal)
(momen akibat beban Horizontal)
Didapat,
251460.963 6 x (92730 x 48.622)+(‐11750 x 444.71)
σmaks =
230400
+
480² x 480
251460.963 6 x (92730 x 48.622)+(‐11750 x 444.71)
σmin =
230400
‐
480² x 480
Fz
Fx
FY
h1
h2
Ws1 Ws2
h3
h4
σmin σmaks
PERHITUNGAN TEKANAN TANAH AKTIF
Soil Data
2
C = 0 kg/m
ϕ= 32 deg
3
γs = 1700 kg/m
Koefisien tanah aktif pasif
Ka = (1‐sinφ)/(1+sinφ) = 0.307259
Kp = 1/Ka = 3.254588
Tekanan tanah Aktif Pasif
Pa = γs.h.1/2h.Ka
Pa(h3) = 1318.845 kg
Pp = γs.h.1/2h.Kp
Pa(h3) = 13969.66 kg
• PENULANGAN PAD
Fz
σmaks = 1.288786 kg/cm2
Fx
h2
Ws1 Ws2
h3
I
h4
σmin M1
σmaks
I M2
Ly σI‐I Lx
L Lx = 1/2L ‐1/2B = 2000 mm
Ly = L‐Lx = 2800 mm
M d II
Momen pada penampang I‐I : σI‐I =σmin + (Ly x (σmax‐σmin)/L)
i + (L ( i )/L)
σI‐I = 1.12430642 kg/cm2
M1 = σI‐I x Lx x L x 1/2Lx = 1/2 x σmin x L x Lx²= 10793342 kgcm
ρperlu = (0.85.f'c/fy)(1‐(1‐2Rn/0.85f'c))^0.5
ρperlu = 0.001985
Pasang As min = 9600 mm
Tulangan Diameter 19 mm
Atul19 = 283.385 mm2
ntul = 34
sbar = 140 mm
• PENULANGAN CHIMNEY
CHIMNEY DESIGN
Load Moment Interaction Diagram for Chimney
Load‐Moment Interaction Diagram for Chimney
Perhitungan Pu :
Load Faktor , LF = 1.4
Total Beban axial, Tfaxial = Fz + Wch
Tfaxial = 106,073.05 kg
Pu = LF x (Beban dari Tower+ Berat Actual)
Pu = 1,328,992.963 N
Perhitungan Mu :
MxH = Fy x (h1+h2+h3) = ‐42852.884 kgm 55089.331
MyH = Fx x (h1+h2+h3) = ‐34618.850 kgm
Mecx = Fz x ex = 45089.092 kgm 63765.605
Mecy = Fz x ey = 45089.092 kgm
MPp = 1/2.γs.h3².Kp.(1/3h3) = 10464.058 kgm
M
Mu = LF (M H M
LFx(MxH+Mecx‐MPp)=
MP ) 87941 976
87941.976 kgm
kgm = 151747.229
151747 229
φ = 0.65
2
Agr = 640000 mm
Mu = 862176231.3 Nmm
Concrete cover = 50 mm
Pu / ( φ . Agr . 0.85 . fcu ) = 0.201
et = Mu / Pu = 648.744 mm
et / h = 0.811
[Pu/(φ . Agr . 0.85 . fcu)](et / h) = 0.163
Distance fd' = 69.5 mm
d' / b = 0.087
From Graphic, r = 0.016
β = 0.747
ρ = r . β = 0.012
ρmin = 0.01
2
As = ρ . Agr = 7649.280 mm
Reinforcement
Diameter = 19 mm
2
Ab = 283.529 mm
nb = 28
28 D 19
Chimney Shear Check
y
Max. shear on critical section Hr = 228.115 kN
Concrete shear strength
d = 745 mm
φ = 0.75
1
V C = VC f c, B w d = 429.265 kN Vc Kapasitas
6
Vn = 304 153 kN
304.153 Vn Yang ada
Yang ada
Vn < VC , ..Min Reinforcement
Minimum reinforcement
s = 150 mm
2
Av = 75*(√f'c)*Bcm * s/(1200*fy)= 83.105 mm
2
Av = (Bcm)*s)/(3*fy) = 102.564 mm
2
Av = 102.564 mm
φ = 10 mm
2
Ab = 157.080 mm
Ab > Av , ……..OK
OK
φ 10 ‐ 150 mm
TOWER
Type CC2+12 Spesial
0.201
r = 0.016
0.163