Invertion

Invertion adalah membalikkan subject dan verb. Biasanya hasil inversi akan membentuk
pertanyaan. Dan juga merupakan penekanan dalam sebuah kalimat.

Contoh :

- he can go to the movies.

- Can he go to the movies ?
- She was sick yesterday.
- Was she sick yesterday ?

Secara sederhana invertion dapat di artikan sebagai proses membalikan subject dan verb. Namun
inversi bisa hadir dalam bentuk kalimat lain. jadi dalam materi ini kita akan membahas tentang
“kalimat inversi with negative expressions”, “kalimat inversi “The Subject and Verb With Place
Expressions”  dan “kalimat inversi with conditional sentences”.

1. invertion with negative expressions

Negatives expressions adalah ungkapan kata yang bermakna negative. Jadi jika dalam kalimat
terdapat ungkapan tersebut, berarti kalimat itu bermakna negative. Contoh negative expressions
adalah : not, never, barely, hardly, only, rarely, seldom, not only, not once.

Contoh :

- Mr. jones has never taken a vacation.

- Never has mr. jones taken a vacation.

Jadi , cara menginversi nya adalah pertama letakkan terlebih dahulu negative expressions-nya di
depan, lalu kedua lakukan inversi maksudnya adalah membalikkan subject dan verb nya
sehingga has dulu baru mr. jones.

- He seldom studies hard

- Seldom does he study hard
2. Membalikkan Subjek dan Kata Kerja dengan Pernyataan Tempat)

Di dalam bahasa Inggris, subjek dan kata kerja terkadang dibalik jika berada setelah kata
pernyataan tempat, seperti here, there, atau nowhere.

Here is the book that you lent me.

There are the keys that I thought I lost.
Nowhere have I seen such beautiful weather.

Mr soekarno lies here

Here lies mr soekarno

Dari contoh pertama, kata tempat here menyebabkan kata book berada setelah kata kerja is.

Contoh kedua, kata ternpat there menyebabkan kata keys berada setelah kata kerja are.
Contoh ketiga, kata ternpat nowhere menyebabkan subjek “I” berada setelah kata have.

Jadi,jika dilihat dan asal kalimatnya adalah seperti ini:

The book is that you lent me. => (inverted) Here is the book that you lent me.

The keys are that I thought I lost. => (inverted) There are the keys that I thought I lost.
I have seen such beautiful weather. => (inverted) Nowhere  have I seen such beautiful weather.

Subjek dan kata kerja bisa juga dibalik jika berada setelah kata depan frase pernyataan ternpat.

In the closet are the clothes that you want.  (Di Iemari ada baju-baju yang kamu inginkan)
Around the corner is Sam’s house.  (Di sekitar sudut itu adalah rumahnya Sam)
Beyond the mountains lies the town where you will live.  (dibalik gunung itu terbentang kota di
mana kamu akan tinggal)
3. invertion with conditional sentence.

Conditional sentence adalah kalimat pengandaian. Invertion dalam conditional sentence adalah
sebagai berikut :

- If he had taken more time, the results would have been better.
Had he taken more time, the results would have been better.
- If I were in Jogjakarta, I would visit malioboro
Were I in jogja, I would visit malioboro
- If you should arrive before 6:00, just give me a call.
Should you arrive before 6:00, just give me a call

Jadi, cara menginfersinya adalah pertama hilangkan kata if, lalu lakukan inversi maksudnya
membalikkan subject dan verbnya sehingga auxiliary had dulu baru subject.he

Note : jika di conditional clause terdapat kata kerja bantu should ,had dan were sangat
mungkin menghilangkan kata if dan membalikan should,were,had + subject
Exercise :  Look at the clauses that immediately follow the place expressions and
underline the subjects once and the verbs twice. Then indicate if the sentences are
correct (C) or incorrect (I).

1. Steve did not win the prize, nor did he expect to do so.
2. Only once in my life gone I have to New York City.
3. The police did not arrive in time to save the girl, and neither did the
paramedics.
4. Seldom their secretary has made such mistakes.
5. No sooner had she hung up the phone than it rang again.
6. Were I in position to help, I would help you
7. Has he enough vacation days left this year, he will take two full weeks off in
December.
8. Had we been informed of the decision, we might have had something to say
about it.
9. if your friends come to visit, will they stay in a hotel or at your house?
10. In the cave was a vast treasure of gems and jewels.
Exercise

1. Rarely … …. Located near city lights or at lower elevations.

a. Observatories are
b. Are
c. In the observatories
d. Are observatories
2. Were … … millions of dollars each year replenishing eroding beaches, the
coastline would be changing even more rapidly.
a. The U.S army corps of Engineers not spending
b. The U.S army corps of Engineers not spend
c. The U.S army corps of Engineers does not spending
d. Not spending the U.S army corps of Engineers