TUGAS AKHIR
Disusun untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Teknik
pada Program Studi Teknik Metalurgi, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Oleh:
RAKHA AMMARSETYA NUGERAHA
12516063
TUGAS AKHIR
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STUDI PENGARUH PARAMETER PIROLISIS TERHADAP KOMPOSISI
DAN KARAKTERISTIK PRODUK PIROLISIS LIGNIT: ULASAN KRITIS
ABSTRAK
Indonesia memiliki total cadangan batubara sebesar 37,52 milyar ton per Juni 2021,
dengan 36% cadangannya dikategorikan sebagai batubara kalori rendah, termasuk
lignit, yang pemanfaatannya di Indonesia masih terbatas pembakaran langsung sebagai
bahan bakar pembangkit listrik tenaga uap. Salah satu alternatif dari pemanfaatan lignit
adalah pirolisis batubara yang menghasilkan produk char, tar, dan gas. Kandungan
volatile matter yang tinggi dalam lignit membuat pirolisisnya menghasilkan lebih
banyak tar dan gas, menyisakan char dengan calorific value (CV) yang lebih tinggi.
Parameter utama yang mempengaruhi karakteristik produk pirolisis adalah temperatur
pirolisis, ukuran partikel, laju pemanasan. Penelitian mengenai pirolisis lignit sudah
banyak dilakukan, namun karena rentang variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian
tersebut terbatas, sifat batubara yang heterogen, dan banyaknya variasi variabel operasi
yang digunakan menyebabkan terjadinya perbedaan pendapat terkait pengaruh
parameter pirolisis terhadap karakteristik produk. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan ulasan
untuk menjelaskan pengaruh parameter pirolisis lignit pada rentang yang lebih luas
untuk menentukan parameter optimum dari masing-masing produk.
Ulasan ini dimulai dengan pengumpulan literatur dalam situs penyedia publikasi
internasional dan buku terkait proses pirolisis lignit yang membahas pengaruh
temperatur pirolisis, ukuran partikel, dan laju pemanasan terhadap karakteristik
produknya. Kemudian dilakukan pengumpulan data, pengolahan data, dan visualisasi
dalam bentuk grafik. Hasil pengolahan data kemudian dibahas dan dibandingkan
apabila terdapat perbedaan kesimpulan antar literatur.
Kata kunci: pirolisis, batubara, lignit, temperatur, ukuran partikel, laju pemanasan
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STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF PYROLYSIS PARAMETERS ON LIGNITE
PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS’ CHARACTERISTIC: CRITICAL REVIEW
ABSTRACT
Indonesia has total coal reserves of 37.52 billion tons as of June 2021, with 36% of its
reserves categorized as low-calorie coal, including lignite, whose utilization in
Indonesia is still limited to direct combustion as fuel for steam power plants. One
alternative to the use of lignite is coal pyrolysis which produces char, tar, and gas
products. The high volatile matter content in lignite makes its pyrolysis produce more
tar and gas, leaving char with a higher calorific value (CV). The main parameters that
affect the characteristics of the pyrolysis product are pyrolysis temperature, particle
size, heating rate. Many researches on the pyrolysis of lignite have been carried out,
but due to the limited range of variables used in those studies, the heterogeneous nature
of coal, and the large variety of operating variables used, causes differences of opinion
regarding the effect of pyrolysis parameters on product characteristics. Therefore, a
review is needed to explain the effect of the lignite pyrolysis parameters in a wider
range to determine the optimum parameters of each product.
This review begins with the collection of literature on international publication sites
and books related to the lignite pyrolysis process which discusses the effect of pyrolysis
temperature, particle size, and heating rate on the characteristics of the product. Then
carried out data collection, data processing, and visualization in the form of graphs.
The results of data processing are then discussed and compared if there are differences
in conclusions between the literature.
The results of the review showed that increasing the pyrolysis temperature would
decrease the char yield, with the highest GCV of char obtained at 600°C to 30.53 MJ/kg
with char yield in the range of 42.41-52.68%. Tar yield continued to increase until it
reached its peak at a pyrolysis temperature of 500-600°C in the range of 2.4-11.2%.
The gas yield also increased with the highest gas GCV obtained at 900°C to 18.8
MJ/Nm3 with a gas yield up to 29.9%. Increasing the particle size will increase the
char yield and gas yield, as well as lower the tar yield. In the particle size fraction of
6-10 mm, the highest char yield was obtained in the range of 72.18-89.4% and the
highest gas yield was up to 9.48%. Meanwhile, in the 0.08-1.25 mm size fraction, the
highest tar yield was obtained up to 15.5%. Increasing the heating rate will reduce char
yield, lower tar yield, and gas yield. At a heating rate of 0.05°C/s, a char yield of up to
85.5% was obtained. At a heating rate of 1000°C/s, the tar yield is up to 22.63%, and
at 5700°C/s, the gas yield is up to 35.41%. The critical size was found to have a
significant effect on the resulting tar yield.
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