PERTEMUAN 5

BY Andi Gustawan – Teknik Kimia Universitas Jambi

 HI – RA - RC
Hazard Identification – Risk Assessment – Risk Control
MANAJEMEN RISIKO
Memerlukan :
1. Penilaian risiko pada setiap tempat kerja;
2. Pengendalian dan Monitoring risiko;
3. Mengkomunikasikan risiko yang ada kepada
semua orang yang terlibat.
 HAZARD
Sesuatu yang berpotensi menyebabkan terjadinya
kecelakaan terhadap orang, peralatan, material atau
lingkungan.
Sesuatu yang berpotensi menimbulkan kerugian
(mesin, metoda kerja, prosedur atau aspek lainnya)
 Hazard Categories
• Hazard
– Any object, physical condition, or physical effect
which has the potential to cause an incident.
• Hazard Categories
 Land Transport  Potential Energy
 Air Transport  Machinery/Equipment/Hand Tools
 Water Transport  Toxic/Corrosive/Hazardous Substances
 Electrical  Nuisance/Noise
 Fire/Flammable  Vibration
 Temperature  Drugs/Alcohol
 Explosives  Natural Phenomena
 Radiation  Human
 Pressure  Biological Hazard/Illness
HAZARD GROUPS

Physical / fisik
Chemical / bahan kimia
Biological / biologi
Psychological / psikologi
Electrical / listrik
Mechanical / mekanik
Machinery / mesin
Ergonomics / ergonomik
Radiation / radiasi
Material depreciation, failures and changes
depresiasi material, kegagalan dan
perubahan
Human error / kesalahan manusia
Environmental factor / faktor lingkungan
 Jenis Bahaya ALAT BEJANA
MESIN
ANGKUT TEKAN

MEKANIS
SHORT
CIRCUIT FIRE
FIRE TOXIC
LISTRIK KIMIAWI
ELECTRIC POLUSI
SHOCK
BAHAYA
HAZARDS
IRITASI
BISING
PSYCHOLOGY
FISIS STRESS
SUHU BEBAN
KERJA
RADIASI BIOLOGIS

TEKANAN

GETARAN FAUNA FLORA

ERGONOMI

9
Hazard or Risk?

This is a HAZARD
RISK
• Risiko merupakan kombinasi antara
kemungkinan/peluang dan konsekuensi/akibat
terjadinya kecelakaan dari suatu potensi
hazard/bahaya.
What is Risk?
• Risk
– In the context of HSE, risk is defined as a measure of
the probability (exposure) for an incident to happen
and of the potential severity of the consequences
(potential)

Exposure

Potential Severity
Hazards may cause a Risk to
health or safety

This is a RISK
Hazard means the potential to cause injury or illness and
can apply to substances, methods or machines.

Risk means the probability and consequences of

occurrence of injury or illness. Risk will depend on such
factors as the nature of the hazard, the degree of
exposure and individual characteristics.
Is this a Risk or Hazard ?
Is this a Risk or Hazard ?

Thanks A lot
TUJUAN
PENILAIAN RISIKO

UNTUK :

 mengetahui, memahami dan mengukur risiko yang

terdapat di tempat kerja;

 melakukan penilaian finansil dan bahaya dari risiko

yang ada;

 mengendalikan risiko;
RISK ASSESSMENT TEAM
1. Management staff;
2. Process & facility Engineers;
3. Technical personnel;
4. Supervisors;
5. Production operators;
6. Maintenance staff;
7. Safety personnel;
STEPS IN CONDUCTING
RISK ASSESSMENT

1. Preparation;
2. Hazards Identification;
3. Risk Evaluation;
4. Risk Control;
5. Record Keeping;
6. Implementation and Review;
 PREPARATION
Mengumpulkan INFORMASI
• Plant layout plan; • Details of existing risk control;
• Process flow chart; • OSH audit reports;
• List of work activities; • Feedback from staff, clients,
• List of chemical used; suppliers or other stakeholders;
• List of machinery and tools used; • Safe work procedures;
• Records of past incident and • Minutes of OSH Committee
accident; Meeting
• Relevant legislation • Other information such as MSDS,
• Relevant codes of practice; manufacturer’s instruction manual;
• Inspection records; • Copies of any relevant previous risk
assessments;
• Maintenance Record
 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
Identifikasi potensi bahaya terkait aktivitas kerja

• Langkah yang paling • Dgn mempertimbangkan :

menentukan; 1. Method of work;
• Berkaitan dengan 2. Electrical and mechanical hazards;
aktivitas dari setiap 3. Manual material handling;
proses;
4. Chemical hazards;
• Dilakukan melalui
spot hazards, brain 5. Machinery or plant (unguarded
storming dan machine);
konsekuensi yg 6. Temporary structure (scaffolds)
ditimbulkannya. 7. Environmental Conditions;
8. Layout and location equipment etc
 Identification tools

• Checklist • Stressor Analysis

• Past Data • Analysis of Past Failure
• Audits • Event Trees
• HAZOPS • Fault Trees
• FMEA (Failure Mode and • Human Error Analysis
Effect Analysis)
• Critical Incident
Analysis
RISK EVALUATION
TERDIRI DARI :
• Identifying the existing risk control measures;
• Assessing the potential severity of the
hazards;
• Determining the likelihood of occurrence;
• Assessing the risk level based on severity and
likelihood.
ELEMEN
PENILAIAN RISIKO

R = f (C, F)
R = Risk
C = Consequently or ( severity)
F = Frequency or (likelihood) or (probability)
 Risk Classification
Exposure
Very high (more than weekly occurrence at your site) E
High (more than annual occurrence worldwide) D

Medium (may occur annually at location) C

Low (known to have occurred in OFS) B
Very Low (not known to have occurred in OFS) A
1 2 3 4 5
Light Serious Major Cat. Multi-Cat.
Potential severity

SEVERITY LOSS ($) LOSS (Days)

Light < 1K <1
Serious > 1K & < 100K >1 & < 100 See Standard
Major > 100K & < 1M > 100 OFS-QHSE-S002
for details
Catastrophic > 1M Life
Multi-Catastrophic > 1M Multiple life
Risk Classification
Mitigation P
Exposure r
Very high e
High v
Medium e
Low n
Very low t
i
o
Light Serious Major Cat. Multi-Cat. n
Potential

Intolerable High Risk - Intolerable

Reduce Risk Medium Risk - Unacceptable
Improve Low Risk - Improve
 Risk Classification
• High Risk - Intolerable :
Condition or practice likely to cause permanent
disability, loss of life, and/or extensive loss of
equipment, material, property, or environmental
damage.
• Medium Risk - Unacceptable :
Condition or practice likely to cause serious injury or
illness, resulting in temporary disability or equipment,
property, or environmental damage that is disruptive
but not extensive.
• Low Risk - Improve :
Condition or practice likely to cause minor, non-
disabling injury or illness or non-disruptive property or
environmental damage.
 MATRIX LEVEL OF RISK

1 : NEGLIGIBLE DANGER – Corrective action optional

2 : MINOR DANGER – Safety devices or

Procedural controls required

3 : MODERATE DANGER – Engineering or Safety devices or

Procedural controls required

4 : SERIOUS DANGER – Engineering&Safety devices required

5 : IMMINENT DANGER – Immediate engineering corrective

action required.
The Risk Pyramid

Catastrophic
8
Major
23
Serious
279
Light
999
Near Accidents, Unsafe
30,052 Acts, Hazards
HIERARCHY OF RISK CONTROL
Long Most
Term ELIMINATION Preferred

SUBSTITUTION

ENGINEERING
CONTROL
ADMINISTRATIVE
CONTROL

PPE
Short Least
Term Preferred
 Eliminate the Hazard
at its Source

When you know that you are

dealing with a hazard, you
can take action to reduce the
risk.
 Substitute for
something less hazardous

If it is not possible to
eliminate the hazard, it
may be possible to
substitute it for
something less
hazardous
 Engineering

It may be possible to bring in

engineering controls such
as exhaust ventilation
hoods or isolation methods.
 How effective do you think this is?

This approach
does not
improve safety
by much, but it
does let you
know what the
sudden pain is
and why you
are about to
die.
 How effective would this be?

Look Out
serpent
in the
dunes
Information Provision
• Providing information in itself will not improve
safety, it must be accompanied by actions.
• If the information cannot be understood (the
previous slide says “look out serpent in the
dunes”) it cannot be acted on. MSDS are
complicated and the average person may be
confused by much of the content.
• Provision of MSDS is not a control
 SOP
Safe Operating Procedures

• Remember that • TRAINING

training is only one • SKILL AQUISITION
unit of an inseparable
• SUPERVISION
trio
• If there are ten ways
of doing something,
ensure that the safest
way is chosen.
 PPE
Personal Protective Equipment

• Personal protective
equipment should be
seen as a last resort.
• PPE is useful for
emergencies.
 • Take : • But it takes only :
One minute to write a safety rule
One second to destroy
One hour to hold safety meeting it all with an accident.

One week to plan a safety program

One Month to put it in operating

One year to win a safety award

One life time to make a safe worker