DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

Judul.................................................................................................................. i

Halaman Pengesahan........................................................................................ ii

Kata Pengantar.................................................................................................. iii

Abstrak............................................................................................................... v

Abstract.............................................................................................................. vi

Daftar Isi............................................................................................................. vii

Daftar Gambar.................................................................................................... xi

Daftar Tabel.......................................................................................................xiii

Daftar Singkatan.................................................................................................xiv

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN

1.1. Latar Belakang................................................................................. 1

1.2. Rumusan Masalah........................................................................... 3

1.3. Tujuan Penelitian............................................................................. 3

1.3.1 Tujuan Umum....................................................................... 3

1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus...................................................................... 3

1.4. Manfaat Penelitian........................................................................... 4

1.4.1 Manfaat Keilmuan................................................................. 4

1.4.2 Manfaat Praktis..................................................................... 4

BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1 Salam (Syzygium polyanthum)......................................................... 5

2.1.1 Klasifikasi Salam .................................................................. 5

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2.1.2 Ekologi dan Budidaya Salam................................................ 5

2.1.3 Morfologi Salam.................................................................... 6

2.1.4 Kandungan Kimia Daun Salam............................................. 7

2.1.5 Aktivitas Farmakologi............................................................ 9

2.2 Streptococcus..................................................................................10

2.2.1 Klasifikasi Streptococcus pyogenes......................................11

2.2.2 Streptococcus pyogenes.......................................................11

2.2.3 Penentu Patogenesis dan Toksin..........................................12

2.3 Infeksi Endodonti.............................................................................13

2.3.1 Definisi..................................................................................13

2.3.2 Etiologi dan Patogenesis.......................................................13

2.4 Perawatan Endodontik.....................................................................13

2.4.1 Preparasi Saluran Akar.........................................................14

2.4.2 Sterilisasi Saluran Akar.........................................................15

2.4.3 Pengisian Saluran Akar.........................................................16

2.5 Ekstraksi..........................................................................................16

2.5.1 Ekstraksi dan Ekstrak............................................................16

2.5.2 Menstruum............................................................................17

2.5.3 Metode Ekstraksi...................................................................18

2.6 Antibakteri........................................................................................19

2.6.1 Resistensi Bakteri terhadap Antibiotik...................................20

2.6.2 Uji Antibakteri........................................................................21

BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEP DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN

3.1 Kerangka Konsep Penelitian............................................................23

3.2 Hipotesis Penelitian..........................................................................24

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BAB 4 METODE PENELITIAN

4.1 Rancangan Penelitian......................................................................25

4.2 Populasi dan Sampel.......................................................................25

4.3 Variabel Penelitian...........................................................................26

4.3.1 Variabel Bebas......................................................................26

4.3.2 Variabel Tergantung..............................................................26

4.4 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian............................................................26

4.5 Alat dan Bahan Penelitian................................................................26

4.5.1 Alat........................................................................................26

4.5.2 Bahan....................................................................................26

4.6 Definisi Operasional.........................................................................27

4.7 Prosedur Penelitian..........................................................................28

4.7.1 Identifikasi Bakteri.................................................................28

4.7.2 Pembuatan Suspensi Bakteri Uji...........................................29

4.7.3 Pembuatan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Salam

(Syzygium polyanthum)........................................................30

4.7.4 Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Salam

(Syzygium polyanthum) terhadap Streptococcus pyogenes

dengan Metode Dilusi Tabung..............................................30

4.7.5 Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Salam (Syzygium

polyanthum) terhadap Streptococcus pyogenes dengan

Metode Dilusi Agar...............................................................32

4.7.6 Kerangka Operasional Penelitian Metode Dilusi Tabung......34

4.7.7 Kerangka Operasional Penelitian Metode Dilusi Agar...........35

4.8 Analisis Data....................................................................................35

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BAB 5 HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISIS DATA

5.1 Identifikasi Streptococcus pyogenes................................................37

5.2 Ekstrak Etanol Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum).......................39

5.3 Hasil Uji Dilusi Tabung.....................................................................39

5.4 Hasil Penelitian KHM dengan Metode Dilusi Agar............................40

5.5 Hasil Perhitungan Jumlah Koloni Streptococcus pyogenes..............45

5.6 Analisis Data....................................................................................50

5.6.1 Uji One-Way ANOVA............................................................50

5.6.2 Uji Korelasi-Regresi..............................................................51

BAB 6 PEMBAHASAN......................................................................................53

BAB 7 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

7.1 Kesimpulan......................................................................................57

7.2 Saran...............................................................................................57

DAFTAR PUSTAKA..........................................................................................58

LAMPIRAN........................................................................................................ 63