HomeWork 2
HomeWork 2
1. The X-Corporation produces a good (called X) that is a normal good. Its competitor, Y-Corp., makes a
substitute good that it markets under the name Y. Good Y is an inferior good. (LO1)
a. How will the demand for good X change if consumer incomes decrease?
b. How will the demand for good Y change if consumer incomes increase?
c. How will the demand for good X change if the price of good Y increases?
d. Is good Y a lower-quality product than good X? Explain.
Penjabaran:
Dilihat dari hubungan demand dan income/pendapatan terhadap good(barang/jasa). Terdapat 2 jenis good
yaitu normal good dan inferior good.
Jawaban:
a. Karena barang/jasa X sudah ditanyakan sebagai normal good, maka demand X akan trurun jika income
konsumennya turun.
b. Karena barang/jasa Y sudah ditanyakan sebagai inferior good, maka demand Y akan turun jika income
konsumennya naik.
d
c. Berdasarkan pada fungsi Linear Demand Good substitution: Q x = αxPx + αyPy
Sehingga kenaikan pada harga Y akan menyebabkan demand x naik, sehingga harga x akan naik.
Pembuktian:
Misalkan factor lain adalah konstan sehingga kita abaikan.
d 1
II. Q x = 14- Px
2
1
→ Q = 14 - 20
2
→ Q = 14 – 10
→Q=4
Sehingga untuk nilai equilibrium price = 20 dan nilai equilibrium quantity =4
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-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
b. Dengan penambahan pajak, maka akan mempengaruhi persamaan disisi surplus saja. Sehingga persamaan
Price surplus semula :
1
Q= P -1
4
1
Q+1= P
4
P = 4Q + 4 (Persamaan P surplus sebelum pajak)
Sehingga Persamaan P surplus setelah pajak adalah :
P = 4Q + 4 + 12
P = 4Q + 16
Sehingga persamaan Q surplus setelah pajak adalah :
P - 16= 4Q
1
Q= P – 4 (setelah pajak)
4
Nilai P equilibrium setelah pajak :
Qdx = QSx
1 1
→ 14 - P= P–4
2 4
1 1
→ 14 + 4 = P+ P
4 2
1 2
→ 18 = P+ P
4 4
3
→ 18 = P
4
→ P = 24
Nilai P equilibrium ini dimasukkan Kembali kepersamaan Q demand maupun Q surplus hasilnya akan
sama:
Demand Surplus
1 1
Q = 14 - P Q= P -4
2 4
Q=2 Q=2
Persamaan ini dapat dimasukkan ke dalam table untuk generate grafik pada excel (ada pada excell tab
setelah pajak)
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-5 0 5 10 15
Chapter 3
2. Using regression analysis on data from a field experiment, the demand curve for a product is estimated to be
d
Q x =¿ 1200 – 3 Px – 0,1 Pz ; Where Pz = $300
a. What is the own price elasticity of demand when Px = $140? Is demand elastic or inelastic at this price?
What w ould happen to the firm’s revenue if it decided to charge a price below $140?
b. What is the own price elasticity of demand when Px = $240? Is demand elastic or inelastic at this price?
What would happen to the firm’s revenue if it decided to charge a price above $240?
c. What is the cross-price elasticity of demand between good X and good Z when Px = $140? Are goods
X and Z substitutes or complements?
When the absolute value of the own price elasticity is less than 1 , an increase in price increases total revenue
When the absolute value of the own price elasticity is greater than 1, an increase in price leads to a reduction in
total revenue.
a. if Px = 140
d
Q x =¿ 1200 – 3 Px – 0,1 Pz
= 1200 – 3 (140) – 0,1 (300)
= 1200 – 420 – 30
= 750
EQPx = -3 (140/750)
= -0,56
|-0,56 | < 1
Sehingga own price elasticity of demand adalah inelastic. Penurunan harga x (Px) akan menyebabkan penurunan
total revenue.
b. if Px = 240
d
Q x =¿ 1200 – 3 Px – 0,1 Pz
=1200 – 3(240) – 0,1(300)
= 1200 – 720 – 30
= 1200 – 750
= 450
EQPx = -3 (240/450)
= -1,6
|-1,6| > 1
Sehingga own price elasticity of demand adalah elastic. Kenaikan harga x (Px) akan menyebabkan penurunan
total revenue.
c. when Px = $140
Beradasarkan pada jawaban pada point a.
Maka cross price elasticity =
EQPy = -0,1(300/750)
= -0,04
EQx,Py < 0 merupakan barang complement, dimana kenaikan harga Y akan menyebabkan penurunan demand
barang X.
4. Suppose the own price elasticity of demand for good X is −5, its income elasticity is −1, its advertising
elasticity is 4, and the cross-price elasticity of demand between it and good Y is 3. Determine how much the
consumption of this good will change if:
a. The price of good X decreases by 6 percent.
b. The price of good Y increases by 7 percent.
c. Advertising decreases by 2 percent.
d. Income increases by 3 percent.
a. own price elasticity of demand for good X is −5 and price of good X decreases by 6 percent
d
EQxPx = % Δ Q x : % Δ Px
d
-5 = % Δ Q x : 6
d
-5 x 6 = % Δ Q x
d
% Δ Q x = -30
Karena nilai EQxPx = |-5|
Dimana >1, maka jika harga turun, demand terhadap barang akan naik. Sehingga jika harga X turun 6% maka
demand X akan naik sebesar 30%
b. cross-price elasticity of demand between it and good Y is 3 and price of good Y increases by 7 percent.
d
EQxPy = % Δ Q x : % Δ Py
d
3 = %Δ Q x : 7
d
% Δ Q x = 21
EQxPy = 3
|3| >0 , maka X dan Y merupakan barang substitusi. Dimana kenaikan harga pada Y akan menyebabkan
kenaikan demand pada barang X.
Sehingga kenaikan harga pada Y sebesar 7% akan menyebabkan kenaikan demand pada X sebesar 21%
Chapter 4
2. A consumer is in equilibrium at point A in the accompanying figure. The price of good X is $5.
a. What is the price of good Y?
b. What is the consumer’s income?
c. At point A, how many units of good X does the consumer purchase?
d. Suppose the budget line changes so that the consumer achieves a new equilibrium at point B. What change in
the economic environment led to this new equilibrium? Is the consumer better off or worse off as a result of the
price change?
d. Suppose the budget line changes so that the consumer achieves a new equilibrium at point B. What change in
the economic environment led to this new equilibrium? Is the consumer better off or worse off as a result of the
price change?
Perubahan hanya terjadi pada sumbu Y sehingga persamaan menjadi:
Pada Y max maka X = 0
PxX + PyY = M
0 + Py 40 = 100
Py = 100 /40
Py = 2,5
Perubahan terjadi karena harga Y berubah dari $5 menjadi $2,5
Berdasarkan pada gambar area pada persamaan titik B lebih besar daripada area pada persamaa A sehingga
tinggkat kepuasan pada titik B lebih baik daripada titik A.
Dapat disimpulkan perubahan pada titik B lebih baik daripada titik A.
3. A consumer must divide $600 between the consumption of product X and product Y. The relevant market
prices are Px = $10 and Py = $40
a. Write the equation for the consumer’s budget line.
b. Illustrate the consumer’s opportunity set in a carefully labeled diagram.
c. Show how the consumer’s opportunity set changes when the price of good X increases to $20. How does this
change alter the market rate of substitution between goods X and Y?
Diketahui :
M = 600
Px = 10
Py = 40
a. Write the equation for the consumer’s budget line.
PxX + PyY = M
10X + 40Y = 600
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c. Show how the consumer’s opportunity set changes when the price of good X increases to $20. How does this
change alter the market rate of substitution between goods X and Y?
Jika Px berubah menjadi $20 maka :
20X + 40Y = 600
Pada X=0
40Y = 600
Y = 600/40
Y = 15
Pada Y =0
X = 600/20
X = 30
Sehingga grafik menjadi :
Consumer's Opportunity Set 1
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