⃗ × ⃗𝒃 = |𝒂
Oleh karena 𝒂 ⃗ | 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽, maka
⃗ ||𝒃
⃗ ×𝒃
𝒂 ⃗ 𝒂𝟏𝒃𝟏 +𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 +𝒂𝟑 𝒃𝟑
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 = | ⃗|
atau 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 =
⃗ ||𝒃
𝒂 √(𝒂𝟐𝟏 +𝒂𝟐𝟐 +𝒂𝟐𝟑 )(𝒃𝟐𝟏 +𝒃𝟐𝟐 +𝒃𝟐𝟑 )
CONTOH SOAL:
−𝟑 −𝟐
1. Diketahui 𝒖 ⃗⃗ = ( ) dan 𝒗
⃗ = ( ). Tentukan hasil dari
𝟐 𝟒
⃗⃗ × 𝒗
a. 𝒖 ⃗
⃗⃗ × (𝒖
b. 𝒖 ⃗⃗ − 𝟐𝒗⃗)
Jawab:
−𝟑 −𝟐
⃗⃗ × 𝒗
a. 𝒖 ⃗ =( ) × ( ) = (−𝟑)(−𝟐) + (𝟐)(𝟒) = (𝟔) + (𝟖) = (𝟏𝟒)
𝟐 𝟒
−𝟑 −𝟐 −𝟑 −𝟒 𝟏
⃗⃗ − 𝟐𝒗
b. 𝒖 ⃗ = ( ) −𝟐( ) = ( )− ( ) = ( )
𝟐 𝟒 𝟐 𝟖 −𝟔
−𝟑 𝟏
⃗⃗ × (𝒖
𝒖 ⃗ ) = ( ) × ( ) = (−𝟑)(𝟏) + (𝟐)(−𝟔) = (−𝟑) + (−𝟏𝟐) = (−𝟏𝟓)
⃗⃗ − 𝟐𝒗
𝟐 −𝟔
2. Diketahui koordinat titik 𝑷(𝟒, 𝟑, 𝟓), 𝑸(−𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟓) dan 𝑹(𝟒, 𝟑, −𝟏). Tentukan besar
sudut 𝑷𝑸𝑹
Jawab:
𝟒 −𝟐 𝟔
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑷
𝑸𝑷 ⃗⃗ − 𝑸⃗⃗ = (𝟑) − ( 𝟑 ) = (𝟎)
𝟓 𝟓 𝟎
𝟒 −𝟐 𝟔
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗ ⃗⃗
𝑸𝑹 = 𝑹 − 𝑸 = ( 𝟑 ) − ( 𝟑 ) = ( 𝟎 )
−𝟏 𝟓 −𝟔
𝟔 𝟔
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑸𝑷 × 𝑸𝑹 = (𝟎) × ( 𝟎 ) = (𝟑𝟔) + (𝟎) + (𝟎) = 𝟑𝟔
𝟎 −𝟔
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √𝟔𝟐 + 𝟎 + 𝟎 = √𝟑𝟔 = 𝟔
|𝑸𝑷
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √𝟔𝟐 + 𝟎 + (−𝟔)𝟐 = √𝟕𝟐 = 𝟔√𝟐
|𝑸𝑹
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ .𝑸𝑹
𝑸𝑷 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝟑𝟔 𝟏 √𝟐 𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒔 < 𝑷𝑸𝑹 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |.|𝑸𝑹⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |
= = × = √𝟐
|𝑸𝑷 𝟔×𝟔√𝟐 √𝟐 √𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒔 < 𝑷𝑸𝑹 = √𝟐
𝟐
< 𝑷𝑸𝑹 = 𝟒𝟓𝟎
𝟑 𝟐
⃗ = (−𝟐) dan 𝒒
3. Jika 𝒑 ⃗ = (𝒙) saling tegak lurus, tentukan nilai 𝒙
𝟏 𝟒
Jawab:
⃗ .𝒒
𝒑 ⃗ =𝟎
𝟑 𝟐
⃗ .𝒒
𝒑 ⃗ = 𝟎 ⇒ (−𝟐) × (𝒙) = 𝟎
𝟏 𝟒
𝟔 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒 = 𝟎
−𝟐𝒙 = −𝟏𝟎
𝒙=𝟓