Ly 6
= =1,71
Lx 3,5
Mlx = 0,001.qu . Lx2 . x = 0.001. 762,4. (3,5)² .55 = 51,37 kg m
Mly = 0,001.qu . Lx2 . x = 0.001. 762,4 .(3,5) ² .22 = 20,54kg m
Mtx = 0,001.qu . Lx2 . x = 0.001. 762,4 .(3,5) ² .113 =105,81 kg m
Mty = 0,001.qu . Lx2 . x = 0.001. 762,4. (3,5) ² .78 =72,84 kg m
Perhitungan selanjutnya disajikan dalam table dibawah ini.
ρb =
0,85 . fc
fy (
β.
600
600+fy
= )
0,85 .25
240
β. (
600
600+240
= 0,0053)
ρmax = 0,75 . ρb = 0,004
ρmin = 0,0025 (untuk pelat)
ρ perlu =
1
m ( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
=
1
)
11,29
1− 1− ( √
2.11,29.0,47
240
= 0,0002 )
ρada < ρmax
ρada < ρmin
Dipakai ρada = 0,0025
As = ρ perlu . b . d = 0,0025 x 1000 x 90 = 225 mm²
Dipakai tulangan ∅ 10 mm = ¼ . π x 10² = 78,5 mm²
225
Jumlah tulangan = = 2,86 3 buah
78,5
1000
Jarak tulangan dalam 1 m2 = =333,33mm
3
Jarak maksimum = 2 x h = 2 x 120 = 240 mm
Dipakai tulangan ∅ 10 – 200 mm
As yang timbul = 3 . ¼ . π . d²
= 235,5 mm² > As (225 mm2) ....... Aman !
ρ perlu =
1
m ( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
=) 1
11,29 ( √
1− 1−
2.11,29.0,64
240
= 0,0028 )
ρada < ρmax
ρada < ρmin
Dipakai ρada = 0,0028
As = ρ perlu . b . d = 0,0028 x 1000 x 90 = 252 mm²
Dipakai tulangan ∅ 10 mm = ¼ . π x 10² = 78,5 mm²
252
Jumlah tulangan = = 3,2 4 buah
78,5
1000
Jarak tulangan dalam 1 m2 = =250mm
4
Jarak maksimum = 2 x h = 2 x 120 = 240 mm
Dipakai tulangan ∅ 10 – 200 mm
As yang timbul = 3 . ¼ . π . d² = 314 mm² > As ....... Aman !
BD BC
=
AB AC
ABXBC 20 X 30
BD= = ¿ 16,62cm
AC √( 18 ) ²+ ( 30 ) ²
2 2
teq= xBxD= x 16,62=11,08 cm
3 3
Jadi total equivalent plat tangga :
y=t eq+ ht = 11,08 + 12 = 23,08 cm
4.2.2.2 Perhitungan Beban
a. Pembebanan tangga ( tabel 2 . 1 PPIUG 1983 )
1. Akibat beban mati (qD )
Berat tegel keramik(1 cm) = 0,01 x 1,25 x 2400 = 30 kg/m
Berat spesi (2 cm) = 0,02 x 1,25 x 2100 = 52,5 kg/m
Berat plat tangga = 0,23 x 1,25 x 2400 = 690 kg/m
Berat sandaran tangga = 0,7 x 0,1 x 1000 x1 = 70 kg/m
qD = 842,5 kg/m
2. Akibat beban hidup (qL)
qL = 1,25 x 330 kg/m2
= 412,5 kg/m
3. Beban ultimate (qU)
qU = 1,2 . qD + 1.6 . qL
= 1,2 . 842,5 + 1,6 . 412,5
= 1671 kg/m
b = 1400 mm
h = 150 mm
p (selimut beton) = 20 mm
Tulangan Ø 12 mm
d = h – p –Ø tul
= 150 – 20 – 12 = 118 mm
Dari perhitungan diperoleh Mu :
Mu = 1987,29 kgm = 1,98729 .107 Nmm
Mu 1987,29
Mn= = =2,48.107 Nmm
∅ 0,8
fy 240
m= = =11,29
0,85. fc 0,85.25
ρb=
0,85. fc
fy (
. β.
600
600+ fy ) ¿ 0,85.25
240
. β .(
600+240 )
600
¿ 0,053
ρmax =
1
m ( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
= )1
11,29 ( √
1− 1−
2.11,29.1,78
240 )
= 0,008
ρb =
0,85 . fc
fy (
. β.
600
600+ fy
= )
0,85 .25
240
.β . (
600
600+240
= 0,053)
ρmax = 0,75 . ρb = 0,75 . 0,053 = 0,04
ρmin = 0,002
2
Mn 1,22.10 N
Rn = 2
= 2
=0,85 2
b d 1000 ( 118 ) mm
ρada =
1
m ( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
=
1
11,29 )
1− 1− ( √
2.1,29.0,85
240
= 0,0035 )
ρada > ρmin
ρada < ρmax
Dipakai ρada = 0,0035
As = 0,0035 x 1000 x 120 = 420 mm²
Dipakai tulangan ∅ 12 mm = ¼ . π x 12² =113,04 mm²
420
Jumlah tulangan dalam 1 m = = 3,72 4 tulangan
113,04
1000
Jarak tulangan 1 m = = 250 mm
4
Jarak maksimum tulangan = 2 x 150 = 300 mm
Dipakai tulangan 4 ∅ 12 mm – 200 mm
As yang timbul = 4 . ¼ x π x d² = 452,16 mm² >As ......... aman !
ρada =
1
m ( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
=
1
)
11,29
1− 1− ( √
2.11,29.1,143
240
= 0,004 )
ρada > ρmin
ρada < ρmax
Dipakai ρada = 0,0058
As = ρmin . b . d = 0,0058 x 150 x 270 = 234,9 mm²
Dipakai tulangan ∅ 12 mm = ¼ . π x 12² =113,04 mm²
234,9
Jumlah tulangan = = 2,07 3 buah
113,04
As yang timbul = 3 . ¼ . π . d²
= 339,12 mm² > As ....... Aman !
Dipakai tulangan 3 ∅ 12 mm
• Tulangan Lapangan
Mu = 500,1 kgm = 0,5.107 Nmm
Mu 0,5.10 7 7
Mn = = =0,635 .10 Nmm
∅ 0,8
fy 240
m = = =1129
0,85 . fc 0,85 .25
ρb =
0,85 . fc
fy (
. β.
600
600+ fy )
=
0,85 .25
240
.β . (
600
600+240
= 0,053 )
ρmax = 0,75 . ρb = 0,75 . 0,053 = 0,04
1,4 1,4
ρmin = = = 0,0058
fy 240
Mn 0,625.102
Rn = = =1,57 N/mm
b d 2 150 ( 270 )2
ρada =
1
m( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
= ) 1
11,29
1− 1− ( √
2.11,29.0,57
240
= 0,0026)
ρada < ρmax
ρada < ρmin
Dipakai ρada = 0,0058
As = ρmin . b . d = 0,0058 x 150 x 270 = 234,9 mm²
Dipakai tulangan ∅ 12 mm = ¼ . π x 12² =113,04 mm²
234,9
Jumlah tulangan = = 2,07 3 buah
113,04
As yang timbul = 3 . ¼ . π . d²
= 339,12 mm² > As ....... Aman !
Dipakai tulangan 3 ∅ 12 mm
ρb =
0,85 . fc
fy (
. β.
600
600+ fy )
=
0,85 .25
240
.β . (600
600+240 )
= 0,053
ρada =
1
m ( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
= )
1
11,29
1− 1− ( √
2.11,29.0,24
240
= 0,0009 )
ρada < ρmax
ρada < ρmin
Dipakai ρada = 0,0058
• Untuk arah sumbu panjang
As = ρmin . b . d = 0,0058 x 1400 x 206 = 1672,72 mm²
Dipakai tulangan ∅ 12 mm = ¼ . π x 12² =113,04 mm²
1672,72
Jumlah tulangan = = 14,79 15 buah
113,04
As yang timbul = 3 . ¼ . π . d²
= 1695,6 mm² > As ....... Aman !
• Untuk arah sumbu pendek
As perlu = ρmin . b . d = 0,0058 x 1250 x 206
= 1493,5 mm²
Digunakan tulangan ∅ 12 = ¼ . π . d² = ¼ . 3,14 . (12) ² = 113,04 mm²
1493,5
Jumlah tulangan (n) = =13,2 14 buah
113,04
Sehingga dipakai tulangan ∅ 12 – 80 mm
As yang timbul = 14 x 113,04 = 1582,6 > As .......... ok
Ly 6
= =1,771
Lx 3,5
Mlx = 0,001.qu . Lx2 . x = 0.001. 846,4. (3,5)2 .55 = 91,24 kg m
Mly = 0,001.qu . Lx2 . x = 0.001. 846,4 .(3,5)2 .22 = 36,50 kg m
Mtx = 0,001.qu . Lx2 . x = 0.001. 846,4 .(3,5)2 .113 =187,46 kg m
Mty = 0,001.qu . Lx2 . x = 0.001. 846,4. (3,5)2 .78 =129,40 kg m
Perhitungan selanjutnya disajikan dalam table dibawah ini.
ρb =
0,85 . fc
fy (
β.
600
600+fy
= )
0,85 .25
240
β. (
600
600+240 )
= 0,0053
ρ perlu =
1
m ( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
= ) 1
11,29 ( √
1− 1−
2.11,29.0,47
240 )
= 0,0002
ρ perlu =
1
m ( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
= ) 1
11,29 ( √
1− 1−
2.11,29.0,64
240 )
= 0,0028
1
Luas segitiga : lx
3
( ( ))
2
1 lx
Luas Equivalen Trapesium : lx 3−4
6 2 ly
( ) ( )
'
0,85 . f c . β 600 0,85 .25.0,85 600
ρb = . = . = 0,027
fy 600+fy 400 600+400
ρ max = 0,75 . ρb = 0,75 . 0,027 = 0,002
1,4
ρmin = =0,0035
400
a. Daerah Lapangan :
Dari Perhitungan SAP 2000 diperoleh momen sebagai berikut:
Mu = 5629,34 kg/m = 5,62934. 107 Nmm
Mu 5,62934.107
Mn = = =7,04 . 107 Nmm
∅ 0,8
fy 400
m = = =18,82
0,85 . fc 0,85 .25
7
Mn 7,04.10
Rn = 2
= 2
=3,26 N/mm
b d 250 ( 294 )
ρ perlu =
1
m ( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
=) 1
18,82 ( √
1− 1−
2.18,82 .3,26
400 )
= 0,0088
b. Daerah Lapangan
Dari Perhitungan SAP 2000 diperoleh momen sebagai berikut:
Mu = 5427,5 kg/m = 5,5275. 107 Nmm
Mu 5,4275.107
Mn = = =6,7 . 107 Nmm
∅ 0,8
fy 400
m = = =18,82
0,85 . fc 0,85 .25
7
Mn 6,7.10
Rn = = =3,14 N/mm
b d 250 ( 294 )2
2
ρ perlu =
1
m( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
=) 1
18,82 ( √
1− 1−
2.18,82 .3,14
400 )
= 0,0085
ρb =
fy (
0,85 . f c ' . β
. )
600
600+fy
=
400 (
0,85 .25.0,85
.
600
)
600+400
= 0,027
ρ perlu =
1
m ( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
= )
1
18,82 ( √
1− 1−
2.18,82 .2,37
400 )
= 0,0063
b. Daerah Lapangan
Dari Perhitungan SAP 2000 diperoleh momen sebagai berikut:
Mu = 9772,7 kg/m = 9,7727. 107 Nmm
Mu 9,7727.10 7 7
Mn = = =12,2. 10 Nmm
∅ 0,8
fy 400
m = = =18,82
0,85 . fc 0,85 .25
7
Mn 12,2.10
Rn = 2
= 2
=2,06 N/mm
b d 300 ( 444 )
ρ perlu =
1
m ( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
=) 1
18,82 ( √
1− 1−
2.18,82 .2,06
400
= 0,005 )
ρada > ρmax
ρada < ρmin
Dipakai ρada = 0,005
As = ρ perlu . b . d = 0,005 x 300 x 444 = 666 mm²
As perlu
666
n = 1 = =3,31 4 tulangan
. π .12² 200,96
4
Dipakai tulangan 4 D 16 mm
As ada = 4 . ¼ . π . d² = 803,84 mm² > As ....... Aman !
Jadi dipakai tulangan 4 D 16 mm
Kontrol Spasi :
b−2 p−n ∅ tulangan−2 ∅ sengkang 300−2.40−4.16−2.8
S = = =46,7> 25
n−1 4−1
mm
Jadi dipakai tulangan 4 D 16 mm
( ) ( )
'
0,85 . f c . β 600 0,85 .25.0,85 600
ρb = . = . = 0,027
fy 600+fy 400 600+400
ρ max = 0,75 . ρb = 0,75 . 0,027 = 0,02
1,4
ρmin = =0,0035
400
a. Daerah Tumpuan :
Dari Perhitungan SAP 2000 diperoleh momen sebagai berikut:
Mu = 23923,7 kg/m = 23,9237. 107 Nmm
Mu 23,9237.107
Mn = = =29,9 . 107 Nmm
∅ 0,8
fy 400
m = = =18,82
0,85 . fc 0,85 .25
7
Mn 29,9.10
Rn = 2
= 2
=5,14 N/mm
b d 300 ( 440,5 )
ρ perlu =
1
m ( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
= )1
18,82 ( √
1− 1−
2.18,82 .5,14
400
= 0,0015 )
ρada > ρmax
ρada < ρmin
Dipakai ρada = 0,0015
As = ρ perlu . b . d = 0,0015 x 300 x 440,5 = 1982,25 mm²
As perlu
1998
n = 1 = =6,99 7 tulangan
. π .16² 283,385
4
Dipakai tulangan 7 D 19 mm
As ada = 7 . ¼ . π . d² = 1984 mm² > As ....... Aman !
Jadi dipakai tulangan 7 D 19 mm
Kontrol Spasi :
b−2 p−n ∅ tulangan−2 ∅ sengkang 300−2.40−5.16−2.10
S = = =11,17<
n−1 7−1
25 mm
Karena S < 25 mm, maka digunakan tulangan 2 lapis.
Dengan d’ = h – s – Ø sengkang – Ø tul.utama – (1/2 × 25 )
= 500 – 40 – 10 – 19 – 12,5
= 418,5 mm
Mn 29,9.107
Rn = 2
= 2
=5,7 N/mm
b d 300 ( 418,5 )
ρ perlu =
1
m( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
=
1
)
18,82 ( √
1− 1−
2.18,82 .5,7
400 )
= 0,0017
ρ perlu =
1
m ( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
=) 1
18,82 ( √
1− 1−
2.18,82 .4,3
400 )
= 0,012
ρ perlu =
1
m ( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
=) 1
18,82 ( √
1− 1−
2.18,82 .4,7
400 )
= 0,014
( ) ( )
'
0,85 . f c . β 600 0,85 .25.0,85 600
ρb = . = . = 0,027
fy 600+fy 400 600+400
ρ max = 0,75 . ρb = 0,75 . 0,027 = 0,02
1,4
ρmin = =0,0035
400
a. Daerah Tumpuan :
Dari Perhitungan SAP 2000 diperoleh momen sebagai berikut:
Mu = 11217,73 kg/m = 11,21773. 107 Nmm
7
Mu 11,21773.10 7
Mn = = =14,02 .10 Nmm
∅ 0,8
fy 400
m = = =18,82
0,85 . fc 0,85 .25
Mn 14,02.10 7
Rn = = =2,37 N/mm
b d 2 300 ( 444 )2
ρ perlu =
1
m ( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
= )
1
18,82 ( √
1− 1−
2.18,82 .2,37
400 )
= 0,0063
ρ perlu =
1
m ( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
= ) 1
18,82 ( √
1− 1−
2.18,82 .2,06
400
= 0,005 )
ρada > ρmax
ρada < ρmin
Dipakai ρada = 0,005
As = ρ perlu . b . d = 0,005 x 300 x 444 = 666 mm²
As perlu
666
n = 1 = =3,31 4 tulangan
. π .16² 200,96
4
Dipakai tulangan 4 D 16 mm
As ada = 4 . ¼ . π . d² = 803,84 mm² > As ....... Aman !
Jadi dipakai tulangan 4 D 16 mm
Kontrol Spasi :
b−2 p−n ∅ tulangan−2 ∅ sengkang 300−2.40−4.16−2.8
S = = =46,7< 25
n−1 4−1
mm
ρb =
fy (
0,85 . f c ' . β
.
600
600+fy )
=
0,85 .25.0,85
400 (
.
600
600+400 )
= 0,027
ρ perlu =
1
m ( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
= ) 1
18,82 ( √
1− 1−
2.18,82 .5,14
400
= 0,0015)
ρada > ρmax
ρada < ρmin
Dipakai ρada = 0,0015
As = ρ perlu . b . d = 0,0015 x 300 x 440,5 = 1982,25 mm²
As perlu
1998
n = 1 = =6,99 7 tulangan
. π .16² 283,385
4
Dipakai tulangan 7 D 19 mm
As ada = 7 . ¼ . π . d² = 1984 mm² > As ....... Aman !
Jadi dipakai tulangan 7 D 19 mm
Kontrol Spasi :
b−2 p−n ∅ tulangan−2 ∅ sengkang 300−2.40−5.16−2.10
S = = =11,17<
n−1 7−1
25 mm
Karena S < 25 mm, maka digunakan tulangan 2 lapis.
Dengan d’ = h – s – Ø sengkang – Ø tul.utama – (1/2 × 25 )
= 500 – 40 – 10 – 19 – 12,5
= 418,5 mm
7
Mn 29,9.10
Rn = = =5,7 N/mm
b d 300 ( 418,5 )2
2
ρ perlu =
1
m ( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
= ) 1
18,82 ( √
1− 1−
2.18,82 .5,7
400 )
= 0,0017
ρ perlu =
1
m ( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
= ) 1
18,82 ( √
1− 1−
2.18,82 .4,7
400 )
= 0,014
as =
Pn perlu ( h2 −e− a2 ) = 811072 ( 4002 −91,9− 95,42 ) = 425,25 mm²
fy( d−d ' ) 400(344−56)
luas memanjang minimum :
Ast = 1 % Ag = 0,01 . 400. 400 = 1600 mm2
Sehingga, As = As’
Ast 1600
As = = = 800 mm²
2 2
Menghitung jumlah tulangan :
As 800
= =¿
n = 1 1 3,98 4 tulangan
. π .( D)² . 3,14.(16)²
4 4
As ada = 4 . ¼ . π . 16² = 803,84 mm²
As ada > As perlu………….. Ok!
Jadi dipakai tulangan 4 D16
Vc = 1+( Pu
14. Ag ) √ f 6' c . b . d = (1+ 14.400 . 400 ) √ 6
52,71696 25 4
. 400. 344 = 34,7 x10 N
( ) ( )
'
0,85 . f c . β 600 0,85 .25.0,85 600
ρb = . = . = 0,027
fy 600+fy 400 600+400
ρ max = 0,75 . ρb = 0,75 . 0,027 = 0,02
1,4
ρmin = =0,0035
400
a. Daerah Tumpuan :
Dari Perhitungan SAP 2000 diperoleh momen sebagai berikut:
Mu = 3259,11 kg/m = 3,25911. 107 Nmm
7
Mu 3,25911.10 7
Mn = = =4,07 .10 Nmm
∅ 0,8
fy 400
m = = =18,82
0,85 . fc 0,85 .25
Mn 4,07.10 7
Rn = = =3,4 N/mm
b d 2 200 ( 244 )2
ρ perlu =
1
m ( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
= ) 1
18,82 ( √
1− 1−
2.18,82 .3,4
400 )
= 0,009
ρ p erlu =
1
m ( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
= ) 1
18,82 ( √
1− 1−
2.18,82 .1,67
400
= 0,0044)
ρada > ρmax
ρada < ρmin
Dipakai ρada = 0,0044
As = ρ perlu . b . d = 0,0044 x 200 x 244 = 214,72 mm²
As perlu
214,72
n = 1 = =1,07 2 tulangan
. π .12² 200,96
4
Dipakai tulangan 2 D 16 mm
As ada = 2 . ¼ . π . d² = 401,92 mm² > As ....... Aman !
Jadi dipakai tulangan 2 D 16 mm
∑ Mu 1144,88
e = = = 0,015 kg < 1/6 . B = 0,46
∑ P 74209,6
∑P Mu
+
σ yang terjadi = A 1
. b . L²
6
74209,6 1144,88
+
= 1,75 x 1,75 1 = 18757,75 kg/m³
. 1,75.(1,75)²
6
= σ yang terjadi < σ ijintanah ........... ok !
4.6.1.2. Perhitungan Tulangan Lentur
Mu = ½ . σ . t³ = ½ . (18757,75) . (0,68)²
= 4336,8 kgm = 4,3368 × 107 Nmm
7
4.3368 x 10
Mn = =¿ 5,4 x 107 Nmm
0,8
fy 400
m = = =18,82
0,85 . fc 0,85 .25
ρb =
0,85 . f c ' . β
fy (
.
600
600+fy
= )
0,85 .25.0,85
400
.
600
600+400 (
= 0,027 )
ρ max = 0,75 . ρb = 0,75 . 0,027 = 0,02
1,4
ρmin = =0,0035
400
Mn 5,4.107
Rn = = =0,53 N/mm
b d 2 1750 ( 242 )2
ρ perlu =
1
m ( √
1− 1−
2. m . Rn
fy
=
1
18,82)1− 1−
400( √
2.18,82 .0,53
= 0,0013 )
ρada < ρmax
ρada < ρmin
Dipakai ρada = 0,0035
As = ρ p erlu . b . d = 0,0035 x 1750 x 242 = 1482,25 mm²
Digunakan tulangan D 16 = ¼ . π . d²
= ¼ . 3,24 . (16)² = 200,96 mm²
1482,25
Jumlah tulangan (n) = =¿ 7,38 8 buah
200,96
1000
Jarak tulangan = = 125 mm
8
Dipakai tulangan D 16 – 125 mm
As yang timbul = 8 × 200,96 = 1607,68 > As………..ok!
Maka, digunakan tulangan D 16 - 125 mm