DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

ABSTRAK.......................................................................................................

KATA PENGANTAR....................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................

DAFTAR ISI...................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah.............................................................................

1

1.2 Identifikasi Masalah....................................................................................

7

1.3 Rumusan Masalah.......................................................................................

8

1.4 Tujuan Penelitian........................................................................................

8

1.5 Manfaat Penelitian......................................................................................

9

1.5.1 Manfaat Teoretis................................................................................

9

1.5.2 Manfaat Praktis..................................................................................

10

1.6 Definisi Operasional..................................................................................

11

BAB II KAJIANTEORI

2.1 Hasil Penelitian yang Relevan....................................................................

................................................................................................................13

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2.2 Media Audio Visual....................................................................................
................................................................................................................15

2.2.1 Pengertian Media Audio Visual.........................................................

................................................................................................................15

2.2.2 Manfaat Media Audio Visual............................................................

18

2.2.3 Sifat Media Audio Visual..................................................................

18

2.2.4 Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Media Audio Visual..............................

18

2.2.4.1 Kelebihan Media Audio Visual ...........................................

18

2.2.4.2 Kekurangan Media Audio Visual.........................................

19

2.2.5 Bentuk-Bentuk Media Audio Visual..................................................

....................................................................................................21

2.2.6 Kriteria Pemilihan Media Audio visual ...........................................

....................................................................................................23

2.3 Transformasi Sebagai Teknik Pembelajaran..............................................

25

2.3.1 PengertianTransformasi....................................................................
25

2.3.2 Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Teknik Transformasi............................

29

2.3.2.1 Kelebihan Teknik Transformasi............................................

29

2.3.2.2 Kekurangan Teknik Transformasi.........................................

29

v
 2.3.3 Prinsip-Prinsip Transformasi............................................................
29

2.3.4 Manfaat Teknik Transformasi..........................................................

30

2.4 Menulis Cerpen...........................................................................................

31

2.4.1 Pengertian Menulis............................................................................

31

2.4.2 Tujuan Menulis..................................................................................

33

2.4.3 Manfaat Menulis...............................................................................

35

2.4.4. Tahap-Tahap Menulis......................................................................

...................................................................................................35

2.5 Cerpen........................................................................................................ 37

2.5.1 Pengertian Cerpen............................................................................. 37

2.5.2 Ciri-Ciri Cerpen.................................................................................

......................................................................................................................39

2.5.3 Langkah-langkah Menulis Cerpen....................................................

......................................................................................................................40

2.6 Unsur-Unsur Pembangun Cerpen..............................................................

......................................................................................................................42

2.6.1 Unsur Intrinsik Cerpen.....................................................................

......................................................................................................................43

2.6.2 Unsur Ekstrinsik Cerpen...................................................................

......................................................................................................................55

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 2.6.3 Struktur Teks Cerita Pendek.............................................................
......................................................................................................................56

2.7 Tujuan Pembelajaran Cerpen .....................................................................

......................................................................................................................58

2.8 Modul..........................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................58

2.8.1 Pengertian Modul...............................................................................

...............................................................................................................58

2.8.2 Karakteristik Modul...........................................................................

...............................................................................................................60

2.8.3 Fungsi Modul....................................................................................

.............................................................................................................63

2.8.4 Aspek-Aspek Penyusunan Modul....................................................

.............................................................................................................65

2.8.5 Kerangka Modul...............................................................................

.............................................................................................................66

2.8.6 Langkah-langkah Pengembangan Menyusun Modul.......................

.............................................................................................................67

2.8.7 Rancangan Modul dan Implementasi Pada Siswa Kelas XI SMK...

.............................................................................................................73

2.9 Pengembangan Modul Menulis Cerpen.....................................................

.............................................................................................................76

2.10 Pembelajaran Menulis Cerpen dalam Kurikulum 2013............................

.............................................................................................................78

BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

3.1 Metode Penelitian......................................................................................

81

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3.2 Prosedur Penelitian....................................................................................
81

3.3 Sumber Data Penelitian.............................................................................

84

3.3.1 Populasi............................................................................................
................................................................................................................85

3.3.2 Sampel..............................................................................................
85

3.4 Sumber Data Validasi.................................................................................

85

3.4.1 Validasi Dosen Ahli..........................................................................

85

3.4.2 Validasi Guru Bahasa Indonesia.......................................................

86

3.5 Teknik Pengumpulan Data.........................................................................

86

3.5.1 Tes....................................................................................................
86

3.5.2 Observasi..........................................................................................
86

3.5.3 Angket..............................................................................................
87

3.5.4 Wawancara.......................................................................................
88

3.6 Teknik Analisis Data..................................................................................

88

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3.7 Instrumen Penelitian...................................................................................
89

3.7.1 Tes......................................................................................................
89

3.7.1.1 Soal Tes Menulis Cerpen.......................................................

89

3.7.1.2 Kriteria Penilaian Menulis Cerpen.......................................

91

3.7.2 Nontes......................................................................................................
95

3.7.2.1 Instrumen Wawancara...................................................................

95

3.7.2.2 Instrumen Observasi.....................................................................

96

3.7.2.3 Instrumen Angket..........................................................................

98

3.7.2.3.1 Angket Informasi Siswa Menulis Cerpen........................

99

3.7.2.3.2 Lembar Validasi Dosen Ahli............................................

100

3.7.2.3.3 Lembar Validasi Guru.......................................................

112

3.8 Kriteria Penilaian Modul............................................................................

121

3.10 Pengolahan Data......................................................................................

122

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN

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4.1 Hasil Penelitian dan Pengumpulan Informasi...........................................
124

4.1.1 Proses Pengembangan Modul dalam Pembelajaran Menulis

Cerpen............................................................................................
.................................................................................................124
.......................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................

4.2 Rancangan Modul Pembelajaran Menulis Cerpen....................................

126

4.3 Uji Validasi Produk Menulis Cerpen.........................................................

...........................................................................................................130

4.3.1 Validasi Dosen Ahli

130

4.3.2 Validasi Guru Bahasa Indonesia......................................................

133

4.4 Hasil Uji Validasi .....................................................................................

137

4.4.1 Analisis dan Deskripsi Hasil Uji Validasi Dosen Ahli....................

137

4.4.2 Analisis dan Deskripsi Hasil Uji Validasi Guru Bahasa

Indonesia .........................................................................................
146

4.5 Revisi Produk............................................................................................

155

x
 4.5.1 Revisi Produk Dosen Ahli................................................................
155

4.5.2 Revisi Produk Oleh Guru.................................................................

158

4.6 Uji Coba Modul Menulis Cerpen..............................................................

...........................................................................................................160

4.7 Data Hasil Tes..........................................................................................

.............................................................................................................160

4.7.1 Analisis dan Deskripsi Hasil Tes Awal (Pretest) dalam Menulis
Cerpen..............................................................................................
....................................................................................................160

4.7.2 Analisis dan Deskripsi Hasil Tes Akhir (Pretest) dalam Menulis
Cerpen..............................................................................................
....................................................................................................163
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................

4.8 Profil Kemampuan Menulis Cerpen..........................................................

.............................................................................................................167

4.8.1 Cerpen, Deskrisi, dan Analisis Profil Kemampuan Siswa Menulis

Cerpen.................................................................................................
170

4.9 Pengolahan Data Hasil Tes Awal Dan Tes Akhir.....................................

.............................................................................................................257

4.10 Efektivitas pengembangan modul dalam pembelajaran menulis

cerpen.........................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................260

4.11 Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian ...................................................................

.............................................................................................................261

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 4.11.1 Deskripsi Modul............................................................................ 261

4.11.2 Data Hasil Uji Coba Produk.......................................................... 262

4.11.3 Data Proses Pembelajaran............................................................ 264

4.11.4 Peran Modul Dan Media Audio Visual Dalam Pembelajaran........ 266

BAB V DESAIN MODUL TEKS MENULIS CERPEN

5.1 Pengantar Modul.........................................................................................

270

5.2 Peran Modul dalam Kurikulum 2013.........................................................

271.............................................................................................................

5.3 Desain Modul..............................................................................................

274

5.4 Keterbatasan Modul....................................................................................

322

BAB VI PENUTUP

6.1 Simpulan.....................................................................................................
323

6.2 Saran...........................................................................................................
324

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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