Contoh Soal :

1. Tentukan bidang moment dan Gaya Lintang dari balok di bawah ini dengan Cara Cross?

P1 = 3 KN
P2 = 5 KN
q1 = 2 KN/m
q2 = 1 KN/m
A B C D
2 EI EI F 2 EI

2,0 m 3,0 m 3,0 m 3,0 m 6,0 m

C

Jawab :

1. Mencari Kekakuan balok: Karena di titk B dan C balok menerus maka B dan C Jepit
KAB = 3 (2EI) / 5 = 1,2 EI
KBC = 4 (EI) / 6 = 0,667 EI
KCD = 3 (2EI) / 6 = 1,0 EI
∑ KB = KBA + K BC = 1,867 EI
∑ KC = KCB + KCD = 1,667 EI

2. Mencari Koefisien Distribusi :

Titik B : μBA = KBA / ∑ KB = 1,2 EI / 1,867 EI = 0,64

μBC = KBC / ∑ KB = 0,667 EI / 1,867 EI = 0,36

Cek = 0,64 + 0,36 = 1 (OK)

Titik C : μCB = KCB / ∑ KC = 0,667 EI / 1,667 EI = 0,40

μCD = KCD / ∑ KC = 1,0 EI / 1,667 EI = 0,60

Cek = 0,40 + 0,60 = 1 (OK)

3. Mencari Momen primer :
MBA =
P1 = 3 KN

q1 = 2 KN/m

A
B MBA
2m 3m

P ab
MBA = - 1/8 (q1) L2 - 2 (L+b)
2L

3x 3 x2
= - 1/8 x 2 x 52 - 2 ( 5 + 2) = - 8,77 KNm ( Searah jarum jam)
2 x5

Balok B-C :

P2 = 5 KN

B C
MBC MCB
3m 3m

MBC = + 1/8 P2 L = + 1/8 x 5 x 6 = + 3,75 KNm (berlawanan arah jarum jam)

MCB = - 1/8 P2 L = - 1/8 x 5 x 6 = - 3,75 KNm (searah jarum jam)

 Balok C- D :

q2 = 1 KN/m

D
MCD C
L=6m

MCD = + 1/8 (q2) L2 = + 1/8 x 1 x 62 = + 4,5 KNm (berlawanan arah jarum jam)

4. Perataan Momen :

A C
B
0,64 0,36 0,40 0,60 D

Momen Primer -8,77 +3,75 -3,75 +4,75

Momen Distribusi +3,21 +1,81 -0,40 -0,60

Momen Induksi -0,20 +0,905

+0,128
Momen Distribusi +0,072 -0,362 -0,543

Momen Induksi -0,181 +0,036

+0,116 -0,014
Momen Distribusi +0,065 -0,022

Momen Induksi -0,007 +0,033

+0,005
Momen Distribusi +0,002 -0,013 -0,020

-5,311 +5,311 -3,565

Momen Akhir +3,565
7
 P1 = 3 KN
P2 = 5 KN
q1 = 2 KN/m
q2 = 1 KN/m
A D
MBA=5,311 F
MBC=5,311 MCD=3,565
B MCB=3,565
C

2,0 m 3,0 m 3,0 m 3,0 m 6,0 m

C

5. Perhitungan Momen dan Gaya Lintang :

- Free- Body A-B :

P1 = 3 KN

q1 = 2 KN/m

A
G B
MBA=5,311
2m 3m

VAB VBA

Reaksi Perletakan :
∑ MB = 0 VAB x 5 – ½ q1 L2 - P1 x 3 + MBA = 0
VAB x 5 – ½ x 2 x 52 – 3 x 3 + 5,311 = 0
VAB x 5 – 25 – 9 + 5,311 = 0
VAB = 28,689 / 5 = 5,738 KN
∑V=0 VAB + VBA - P1 – q1 x L = 0
5,738 + VBA - 3 – 2,0 x 5 = 0
VBA = 7,262 KN
Momen dan Gaya Lintang : Daerah A-G 0≤ x ≤ 2,0 m

Mx = Vab x – ½ q1 x2 = 5,738 x – ½ ( 2 ) x2
Mx = 5,738 x – x2
X = 0 -------- M A = 0 KNm
X = 2 -------- MG = 5,738 x 2,0 – (2)2 = 7,476 KNm

Dx = Vab – q1 x = 5,738 - 2x
X = 0 -------- D A = 5,738 KN
X = 2 -------- DGkr = 5,738 – 2 x 2 = 1,738 KN

Momen dan Gaya Lintang : Daerah G-B 2,0≤ x ≤ 5,0 m

Mx = VAB x – ½ q1 x2 - P1 (x – 2) = 5,738 x – ½ ( 2 ) x2 - 3 (x – 2)
Mx = 5,738 x – x2 – 3 ( x – 2)
X = 2 -------- MGkn = 5,738 x 2,0 – (2)2 - 3 (2 – 2) = 7,476 KN
X = 5 -------- MBkr = 5,738 x 5,0 – (5)2 - 3 (5 – 2) = - 5,311 KNm

Dx = VAB – q1 x - P1 = 5,738 - 2x – 3,0

X = 2 -------- D Gkn = 5,738 – 2 x 2 – 3,0 = - 1,262 KN
X = 5 -------- D Bkr = 5,738 – 2 x 5 – 3,0 = - 7,262 KN
- Free- Body B - C :

P2 = 5 KN

B F C
MBC=5,311
MCB=3,565
3m 3m

VBC
VCB

Reaksi Perletakan :
∑ MC = 0 VBC x 6 - P2 x 3 – MBC + MCB = 0
VBC x 6 – 5 x 3 - 5,311 + 3,565 = 0
VBC x 6 – 15 – 5,311 + 3,565 = 0
VBC = 16,746 / 6 = 2,791 KN
∑V=0 VBC + VCB - P2 = 0
2,791 + VCB - 5 = 0
VCB = 2,209 KN

Momen dan Gaya Lintang : Daerah B-F 0≤ x ≤ 3,0 m

Mx = VBC x – MBC = 2,791 x –5,311

X = 0 -------- M Bkn = 2,791 x (0) – 5,311 = - 5,311 KNm
X = 3 -------- MFkr = 2,791 (3) – 5,311 = 3,062 KNm

Dx = VBC = 2,791
X = 0 -------- D BKn = 2,791 KN
X = 3 -------- DFkr = 2,791 KN
Momen dan Gaya Lintang : Daerah F-C 3,0≤ x ≤ 6,0 m

Mx = VBC x – P2 (x – 3) - MBC = 2,791 x – 5 (x-3) - 5,311

Mx = = 2,791 x – 5 (x-3) - 5,311
X = 3 -------- MFkn = 2,791 x 3,0 – 5 (3-3) - 5,311 =3,062 KNm
X = 6 -------- MCkr = 2,791 x 6,0 – 5 (6-3) - 5,311 = - 3,565 KNm

Dx = VBC - P2 = 2,791 – 5,0 = - 2,209

X = 3 -------- D Fkn = - 2,209 KN
X = 6 -------- D Ckr = - 2,209 KN

- Free- Body C - D :

q2 = 1 KN/m
D
MCB=3,565 C
L=6m

VCD VDC

Reaksi Perletakan :
∑ MD = 0 VCD x 6 – MCB – ½ q2 L2 = 0
VCD x 6 – 3,565 – ½ x 1 x 62 = 0
VCD x 6 – 3,565 – 18,0 = 0
VCD = 21,565 / 6 = 3,594 KN
∑V=0 VCD + VDC - q2 x L = 0
2,791 + VDC - 1 x 6 = 0
 VDC = 6,0 - 3,594 = 2,406 KN
Momen dan Gaya Lintang : Daerah C-D 0≤ x ≤ 6,0 m

Mx = VCD x – MCB - ½ q2 x2 = 3,594 x – 3,565 – ½ (1,0) x2

X = 0 -------- M Ckn = 3,594 x (0) – 3,565 – ½ (1) (0)2 = - 3,565 KNm
X = 6 -------- MD = 3,594 (6)– 3,565 – ½ (1) (6)2 = 0 KNm
dMx / dx = 3,594 – x = 0 ------ x = 3,594 m
X = 3,594 -------- Mmax = 3,594 (3,594)– 3,565 – ½ (1) (3,594) 2 = 2,893 KNm

Dx = VCD – q2 x = 3,594 – 1,0 x

X = 0 -------- D CKn = 3,594 KN
X = 6 -------- DD = 3,594 – 1,0 x 6 = - 2,406 KN

6. Gambar Momen dan Gaya L:intang :

G 5,311 F 3,565
A - - D
+ 3,062 + 2,893
+ 7,476
B
C

BIDANG MOMEN

5,751 3,394
1,730 2,791
+ + +
A B C D
G F -
- -
1,262
2,209 2,406

7,262

BIDANG GAYA LINTANG