NETWORK ADDRESSING

NUR IQBAL MULIAWAN

MAC ADDRESS
 MAC Address
●
Mac-address is a hardware address on NIC
●
Layer 2 address
●
48 bit length, separates in 6 octet
●
Format:
1). aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff
2). aabb.ccdd.eeff
●
First 3 octet define vendor
●
Broadcast address ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
IP ADDRESS
 IP Address
• IP address adalah software address
• Digunakan untuk komunikasi antar host di
dalam jaringan
 IP Address
IP Terminology
• Bit (binary digit)
• Byte
• Octet
 IP Address
IP Terminology
• Network Address
• Broadcast Address
contoh:
- Layer 3 broadcast => 255.255.255.255 (any network)
- 172.16.255.255 => akan mengirim paket ke semua node pada
network 172.16.0.0
- 10.255.255.255 => akan mengirim pake ke semua node pada
network 10.0.0.0
 IP Address

Bentuk Penulisan IP Address:

• Dotted decimal => 192.168.1.1
• Binary => 11000000.10101000.00000001.
00000001
• Hexadecimal => C0.A8.1.1
IP Address
 IP Address
Classes of networks
 IP Address
Network Address Range : Class A

Nilai Bit pertama adalah 0

Address Range:
00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
=> 0.0.0.0
01111111.11111111.11111111.11111111
=> 127.255.255.255
 IP Address
Network Address Range : Class B

Nilai 2 bit pertama adalah 10

Address Range:
10000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
=> 128.0.0.0
10111111.11111111.11111111.11111111
=> 191.255.255.255
 IP Address
Network Address Range : Class C

Nilai 3 bit pertama adalah 110

Address Range:
11000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
=> 192.0.0.0
11011111.11111111.11111111.11111111
=> 223.255.255.255
 IP Address
Network Address Range : Class D dan E

Range class D (224 – 239)

Class D digunakan untuk multicast Address

Range Class E (240 – 255)

Class E digunakan untuk tujuan scientific
 IP Address
Reserved Address

Jika semua network address nya “this network or segment”

bernilai ‘0’
Jika semua network addressnya All networks
bernilai ‘1’
Network 127.0.0.0 Loopback IP Address

Semua node address ‘0’ Network address

Semua node address ‘1’ Broadcast address

Semua bit IP angka ‘0’ Untuk default route

Semua bit IP angka ‘1’ “all 1s broadcast” atau local broadcast

 IP Address
Class A Address:
●
Format octet network.node.node.node
●
Segment network yg valid hanya dari angka 1-
126
●
Setiap segment memiliki kapasitas node
sebanyak 224 - 2 atau sebanyak 16.777.214
host
 IP Address
Class A valid host IDs:
untuk ip dari range 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
●
Net ID : 10.0.0.0
●
Broadcast : 10.255.255.255
●
Host ID : 10.0.0.1 – 10.255.255.254
 IP Address
Class B Address:
●
Format octet network.network.node.node
●
Setiap segment memiliki kapasitas node
sebanyak 216 - 2 atau sebanyak 65.534 host
 IP Address
Class B valid host IDs:
●
untuk ip dari range 172.16.0.0 –
172.16.255.255
●
Net ID : 172.16.0.0
●
Broadcast : 172.16.255.255
●
Host ID : 172.16.0.1 – 172.16.255.254
 IP Address
Class C Address:
●
Format Octet Network.network.network.node
●
Setiap segment memiliki kapasitas node
sebanyak 28 - 2 atau sebanyak 254 host
 IP Address
Class C valid host IDs:
untuk ip dari range 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.0.255
●
Net ID : 192.168.0.0
●
Broadcast : 192.168.0.255
●
Host ID : 192.168.0.1 – 192.168.0.254
 IP Address
Private IP Address:
●
10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 (Class A)
●
172.16.0.0. - 172.31.255.255 (Class B)
●
192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255 (Class C)
IP Address
Bagaimana cara
menentukan class IP
Address yang akan di
gunakan?
 IP Address
IPv4 Address type:
●
Loopback (localhost) => 127.0.0.1 –
127.255.255.254
●
Layer 2 Broadcast
●
Broadcast (Layer 3)
●
Unicast
●
Multicast
 IP Address
Layer 2 Broadcast
 IP Address
Layer 3 Broadcast
 IP Address
Unicast
 IP Address
Multicast
Subnetting
Subnetting
 Subnetting
Cara menentukan subnet:
1). Tentukan jumlah kebutuhan network ID
2). Tentukan jumlah kebutuhan Host ID per Subnet
Dari data diatas, tentukan:
- Subnetmask yang berbeda setiap network
- Subnet ID untuk setiap segmen
- jumlah host ID setiap subnet
 Subnetting
Default Subnet mask:

CLASS Format Default Subnet

Mask
A Network.node.node.node 255.0.0.0
B Network.network.node.node 255.255.0.0
C Network.network.network.node 255.255.255.0
 Subnetting
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
●
penulisan : /8, /9, /10, /16, /17, /28, /30, dst
●
contoh: nilai CIDR = /16, maka:
nilai bit :
11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
nilai subnet mask => 255.255.0.0
 Subnetting
IP Subnet-zero
●
Ip subnet-zero adalah sebuah perintah pada router cisco
●
Digunakan untuk bisa memakai subnet pertama
 Subnetting
IP Subnet-zero
Contoh: ip class c dengan subnet mask 255.255.255.192

Wihout ip subnet-zero With ip subnet-zero

Subnet Usable? Subnet Usable?

0 no 0 yes

64 Yes 64 Yes

128 yes 128 yes

192 yes 192 yes

 Subnetting
Subnetting Class C Address

Bit Subnet mask CIDR

00000000 255.255.255.0 /24
10000000 255.255.255.128 /25
11000000 255.255.255.192 /26
11100000 255.255.255.224 /27
11110000 255.255.255.240 /28
11111000 255.255.255.248 /29
11111100 255.255.255.252 /30
 Subnetting
Rumus Cepat subnetting dengan class c address
●
Contoh : cidr => /26, bit => 11000000, subnet mask =>
255.255.255.192
●
Parameter
x => jumlah bit dengan nilai 1
y => jumlah bit dengan nilai 0
 Subnetting
Rumus Cepat subnetting dengan class c address
Contoh : cidr => /26, bit => 11000000, subnet mask =>
255.255.255.192
1) Berapa jumlah subnet yang di hasilkan?
Jawab:
jumlah subnet = 2x = 22 = 4
2) Berapa jumlah host ID?
Jawab:
jumlah host ID = 2y -2 = 26 - 2 = 64 -2 = 62
 Subnetting
Rumus Cepat subnetting dengan class c address
Contoh : cidr => /26, bit => 11000000, subnet mask =>
255.255.255.192
3) Berapakah nilai subnet ID yang valid ?
Jawab:
256 – subnet mask = 256 – 192 = 64
nilai subnet valid : 0, 64, 128, 192
 Subnetting
Rumus Cepat subnetting dengan class c address
Contoh : cidr => /26, bit => 11000000, subnet mask =>
255.255.255.192
4) Berapakah nilai broadcast address setiap subnet?
Jawab:
Brodcast id = nilai subnet berikutnya – 1
subnet ID 0, maka broadcast address-nya 63
subnet ID 64, maka broadcast address-nya 127, dst
 Subnetting
Rumus Cepat subnetting dengan class c address
Contoh : cidr => /26, bit => 11000000, subnet mask =>
255.255.255.192
5) Berapakah nilai host ID setiap subnet?
Jawab:
Subnet ke- Network ID Broadcast Address Host

1 0 63 1 - 62

2 64 127 65 - 126

3 128 191 129 - 190

4 192 255 193 - 254

 Subnetting
Subnetting dengan address kelas B
Subnet CIDR Subnet CIDR
255.255.0.0 /16 255.255.255.0 /24
255.255.128.0 /17 255.255.255.128 /25
255.255.192.0 /18 255.255.255.192 /26
255.255.224.0 /19 255.255.255.224 /27
255.255.240.0 /20 255.255.255.240 /28
255.255.248.0 /21 255.255.255.248 /29
255.255.252.0 /22 255.255.255.252 /30
255.255.254.0 /23
 Subnetting
Contoh :
cidr => /18,
bit => 11000000.00000000,
subnet mask => 255.255.192.0
1) Berapa jumlah subnet yang di hasilkan?
Jawab:
jumlah subnet = 2x = 22 = 4
2) Berapa jumlah host ID?
Jawab:
jumlah host ID = 2y -2 = 214 - 2 = 16384 -2 = 16382
 Subnetting
Contoh :
cidr => /18,
bit => 11000000.00000000,
subnet mask => 255.255.192.0

3) Berapakah nilai subnet ID yang valid ?

Jawab:
256 – subnet mask = 256 – 192 = 64
nilai subnet valid : 0.0, 64.0, 128.0, 192.0
 Subnetting
Contoh :
cidr => /18,
bit => 11000000.00000000,
subnet mask => 255.255.192.0

4) Berapakah nilai broadcast address setiap subnet?

Jawab:
Brodcast id = nilai subnet berikutnya – 1
subnet ID 0, maka broadcast address-nya 63.255
subnet ID 64, maka broadcast address-nya 127.255, dst
 Subnetting
Contoh :
cidr => /18,
bit => 11000000.00000000,
subnet mask => 255.255.192.0

5) Berapakah nilai host ID setiap subnet?

Jawab:
Subnet ke- Subnet ID Broadcast Address Host

1 0.0 63.255 0.1 – 63.254

2 64.0 127.255 64.1 – 127.254

3 128.0 191.255 128.1 – 191.254

4 192.0 255.255 192.1 – 255.254

 Subnetting
Subnetting dengan address kelas A

Subnet CIDR Subnet CIDR Subnet CIDR

255.0.0.0 /8 255.255.0.0 /16 255.255.255.0 /24
255.128.0.0 /9 255.255.128.0 /17 255.255.255.128 /25
255.192.0.0 /10 255.255.192.0 /18 255.255.255.192 /26
255.224.0.0 /11 255.255.224.0 /19 255.255.255.224 /27
255.240.0.0 /12 255.255.240.0 /20 255.255.255.240 /28
255.248.0.0 /13 255.255.248.0 /21 255.255.255.248 /29
255.252.0.0 /14 255.255.252.0 /22 255.255.255.252 /30
255.254.0.0 /15 255.255.254.0 /23
 Subnetting
Contoh :
cidr => /11,
Bit => 11100000.00000000.00000000
subnet mask => 255.224.0.0
1) Berapa jumlah subnet yang di hasilkan?
Jawab:
jumlah subnet = 2x = 23 = 8
2) Berapa jumlah host ID?
Jawab:
jumlah host ID = 2y -2 = 221 - 2 = 2097152 -2 = 2097150
 Subnetting
Contoh :
cidr => /11, Subnet ke- Subnet
Bit => 11100000.00000000.00000000
1 0.0.0
subnet mask => 255.224.0.0
2 32.0.0
3) Berapakah nilai subnet ID yang valid ?
3 64.0.0
Jawab:
256 – subnet mask = 256 – 224 = 32 4 96.0.0

5 128.0.0

6 160.0.0

7 192.0.0

8 224.0.0
 Subnetting
Contoh : Subnet ke- Broadcast
cidr => /11,
Bit => 11100000.00000000.00000000 1 31.255.255
subnet mask => 255.224.0.0 2 63.255.255

4) Berapakah nilai broadcast address 3 95.255.255

setiap subnet? 4 127.255.255
Jawab:
5 159.255.255
Brodcast id = nilai subnet berikutnya – 1
6 191.255.255

7 223.255.255

8 255.255.255
 Subnetting
Contoh :
cidr => /11,
Bit => 11100000.00000000.00000000
subnet mask => 255.224.0.0

5) Berapakah nilai host ID setiap subnet?

Subnet ke- Subnet ID Broadcast Host
1 0.0.0 31.255.255 0.0.1 – 31.255.254
2 32.0.0 63.255.255 32.0.1 – 63.255.254
3 64.0.0 95.255.255 64.0.1 – 95.255.254
4 96.0.0 127.255.255 96.0.1 – 127.255.254
5 128.0.0 159.255.255 128.0.1 – 159.255.254
6 160.0.0 191.255.255 160.0.1 – 191.255.254
7 192.0.0 223.255.255 192.0.1 – 223.255.254
8 224.0.0 255.255.255 224.0.1 – 255.255.254
Network Basic Concept
Every host that have IP address from same sub-
net will directly connected without Routers
Network Basic Concept
Router has a function to connect two or more
network in different subnet
Network Basic Concept
Two IP Addresses originating from the same
subnet cannot be installed on two different
interfaces on a router
Network Basic Concept
The default gateway defines the direction in which
traffic must be routed to the internet
Network Basic Concept
DNS is required to make changes to domain
names into IP addresses, because the entire
process of setting the traffic carried by the OSI
layer 3, the ip address

Example:
www.detik.com → 103.49.221.211
Network Basic Concept