Penambahan Feed Heater

Sebagai Upaya
Optimisasi Thermo-Economic ORC Pada
Aplikasi Pemanfaatan Limbah Panas

Ibrahim
Sistem Energi Termal
Program Magister Teknik Mesin
Institut Teknologi Nasional
Bandung

Outline

Background
Objective
Methods
System Descriptions
Analysis
Result and Discusions
Conclusion
2

Background

Keberlimpahan dan Pemanfaatan sumber energi

Biaya Produksi dan Penghematan Energi

Sumber panas 50 m3/jam air panas pada 140 oC 280 kWe

(i)
Sumber panas 200 ton/jam air panas pada 90 oC 500 kWe
(i)
Sumber panas 150 ton/jam Flue Gas Panas pada 300 oC 1.000 kWe
(i)

Ukuran standar untuk biomasa dan pemanfaatan limbah panas : 500

kWe s/d 4 MWe.
3
(ii)
Customized Unit ORC untuk sumber panas suhu rendah: dapat
(ii)

Teknologi ORC

i.
ii.

ORC teknologi sistem energi termal yang luar biasa untuk

menghasilkan kombinasi panas dan listrik (CHP) dari berbagai sumber
energi terbarukan.
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) adalah teknologi konversi energi untuk
sumber panas bersuhu rendah dan limbah panas (low grade and
waste heat conversion technology).
Sumber panas bersuhu rendah atau limbah panas dimanfaatkan di
evaporator untuk menguapkan fluida organik yang bersuhu didih
rendah.
(ii) Perbedaan utama antara ORC dan siklus Rankine uap konvensional
adalah penggunaan fluida kerja organik, seperti; amonia, pentana,
butana, iso propana dan lainnya.
(ii) Penerapan fluida kerja organik memungkinkan ekstraksi energi dari
sumber daya pada suhu rendah dan menghasilkan efisiensi yang
lebih tinggi daripada teknologi siklus uap konvensional.
(ii)

Turboden, Green Electricity and Heat from Low-Grade Wood and Forestry
Residues
Dr. Vijayakumar Kunche, M.Tech., Ph.D. ORC Technology for waste Heat
4
Recovery Power Generation

Ruang Lingkup
Model Termodinamika dan ekonomi
ORC standar dan ORC dengan Feed
Heater 1 tingkat di rancang
menggunakan MATLAB
Efisiensi termal maksimum dan biaya
investasi spesifik minimum ditentukan
sebagai fungsi sasaran.

System Description
Komponen Utama Sistem ORC evaporator,
turbine, condenser and pump.
Pompa dan Turbin di modelkan memiliki
efisiensi isentropik berturut-turut sebesar
0.65 dan 0.75.
Panas di kondensor dan evaporator
dimodelkan dengan dasar metode LMTD
Biaya setiap komponen dihitung dengan
pendekatan [25] menggunakan pendekatanpendekatan Chemical Engineering Plant Cost
Index (CEPCI) for the year 2013.
6

Diagram Basic ORC

The schematic and temperature entropy

diagram of basic ORC
Fluida kerja menerima panas dari sumber panas pada tekanan
konstan (1 2) di evaporator dan berekspansi di turbine (2 3). Fluida
kerja kemudian mengembun dan melepas panas di kondensor pada
tekanan konstan (3 4) dan akhirnya dipompakan kembali ke
7
evaporator (4 1).

Diagram P-h
Siklus Rankine Konvensional

1-2
2-3
3-4
4-1

Vaporization in a boiler (isobarik)

Expansion in an expander
Condensation in a condenser (isobarik)
Compression in a pump (isokhorik)

Skema dan diagram TS untuk sistem ORC dg

FH 1 tingkat

1. Fluida kerja yang keluar dari expander/ turbin dibagi menjadi 2 aliran
(4 5 dan 4 6)
2. Aliran 1 dialirkan ke kondensor untuk didinginkan (6 7) dan kemudian di
alirkan oleh pompa 1 (7 1) ke feed heater, sedangkan aliran ke 2
langsung dari turbin ke feed heater (4 5) digunakan sebagai
pemanasan (regeneratif).
9
3. Fluida kerja aliran 1 dan aliran 2 bercampur di feed heater (7 1 dan 4

Sistem ORC dg FH 1 tingkat menggunakan pompa ekstra

dan feed heater dibandingkan dengan ORC standar.

10

Pemodelan Sistem ORC dg FH 1 tingkat

Perpindahan Panas Dalam regeneratif
1 tingkat
Log Mean Temperature Difference

Koef. Perpindahan Panas Menyeluruh

Korelasi Angka Nusselt untuk Sumber Panas dalam Alat

Penukar Kalor 28
Korelasi Angka Nusselt untuk R245fa dalam Alat Penukar
Kalor 29
Pressure Drop

frictional pressure drop factor

11

Harga evaporator and condenser ditentukan dengan

persamaan:
Harga total pompa ditentukan dengan persamaan:

Harga turbin ditentukan dengan persamaan:

Harga Feed Heater ditentukan dengan persamaan:

Total Harga Komponen ditentukan dengan persamaan:

Biaya Investasi Spesifik ditentukan dengan persamaan:

12

13

Thermo-economic
optimization
Variabel untuk melakukan optimasi
thermo-economic ORC dengan FH
(regenaratif) adalah tekanan
penguapan, superpanas di inlet
turbin, perbedaan temperatur titik
pinch di evaporator dan di
kondensor, mass fractions.
Optimisasi ORC dengan Regeneratif
menggunakan dominated Sorting
Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II).

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 Penilaian optimisasi untuk ORC

Standar

Dimana;

15

 Penilaian optimisasi untuk ORC

Dengan Feed Heater (Regeneratif) 1
tingkat

Dimana:

16

Result And Discussion

17

 The specific investment cost

decreased with increase in
evaporation pressure due to
increase in net power.

18

19

20

21

22

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24

Conclusion

Thermo-economic optimization of regenerative ORC is per- formed

using multi objective genetic algorithm for constant temperature
waste recovery applications.
Maximum thermal efficiency and minimum SIC were considered as
objective function while evaporation pressure, superheat and pinch
point are considered as decision variables.
Optimization results are rough approximation of thermal and economic
performance of ORC for a capacity range of 30120kW.
The optimization results show that the average increase in thermal
efficiency from basic to single stage regenerative ORC is 1.01% with
an additional cost of 187 $/kW.
The SIC cost is different for different working fluid; R245fa has the
lowest cost while R141b has the highest SIC.
The effect of operating parameters is also investigated which shows
that the superheat at turbine inlet results in slight increase in thermal
efficiency but significant rise in SIC.
Higher pinch point temperature difference results in high SIC and
thermal efficiency and low value of pinch point temperature difference
corresponds to low thermal efficiency and SIC.
The evaporation pressure has promising effect on thermal efficiency25

Sekian
Terima kasih atas curahan perhatian
Semoga dapat memicu diskusi yang
hangat
Jabat erat

26

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Konsep min
Pers. Dasar Perpindahan Kalor
Q = U . A . Lm

Biaya
Modal
Energi

Tmin
30