BANJARPANJI

MUD VOLCANO in the Making

Geological Aspects of Mud

Extrusion in Porong Area

EMP BRANTAS Aug 20, 2006

 Sumur Banjarpanji #1

Pengeboran Sumur ini dimulai pada

tanggal 8 Maret 2006.

Pelaksanaan pemboran berlangsung

dengan aman dan lancar sampai
kedalaman 3,580 ft dimana casing 13
3/8 di set dan di semen.

Pemboran di lanjutkan sampai

kedalaman 9,297 ft dimana terjadi
kehilangan lumpur bor (Sabtu pagi).

Terjadi well-kick minggu pagi

Rencana selanjutnya adalah

penyemenan di daerah loss dan
pemasangan casing.

EMP BRANTAS Aug 20, 2006

 Sumur Banjarpanji #1

Rangkaian pemboran di cabut sampai

kedalaman 4,241 ft, dimana terjadi
well kick (Minggu).
Well kick tersebut ditangani
menggunakan Kill Mud sampai sumur
tersebut mati dan bisa terkendali lagi.
Di lakukan sirkulasi lumpur untuk
membersihkan sumur dari serpih bor.
Rangkaian mata bor di rencanakan
untuk dicabut sampai ke permukaan
tetapi tidak berhasil (terjepit)

Pada saat pagi hari (Senin), timbul

semburan lumpur alami 150 meter
dari lokasi pemboran.

EMP BRANTAS Aug 20, 2006

 Sumur Banjarpanji #1

Setelah satu minggu, semburan lumpur

alami tidak mengalami penurunan
intensitas. Kondisi lokasi pemboran di
nilai tidak aman.
Diputuskan untuk menyelamatkan
sumur dan peralatan pemboran.
Rangkaian pemboran di lepaskan dan di
pasang cement plug di bawah mata bor
dan di atas pipa.
Drilling rig dan alat alat pemboran
lainnya di keluarkan dari lokasi dan di
kembalikan ke pemilik.
Kondisi sekarang: Sumur bor di
tinggalkan dalam keadaan aman.

EMP BRANTAS Aug 20, 2006

 Mud Volcano
A mild surface upwelling of muddy and saline water accompanied by gas bubbles

Surface upwelling

21 June 2006

The source of mud volcano commonly may be traced to a

substantial subsurface layer of highly plastic, and probably
undercompacted mud or an overpressured shale .
EMP BRANTAS Aug 20, 2006
 Other Mud Extrusion/ Mud Volcano in East Java

ACTIVE MUD VOLCANO

(PURWODADI)

BANGKALAN
TUBAN

G. ANYAR
MOJOKERTO
SANGIRAN PORONG

Control and distribution of seeps/mud flows in

East Java in its various forms is the geological
setting and geodynamics. EMP BRANTAS Aug 20, 2006
 Paleobathymetry Map of Sequence P3 - P4

Positioned directly above top N19 age zone, identical to early Lower Pliocene time

In southern part developed middle shelf and changing to inner shelf southward

In northern area developed middle shelf to outer shelf bathyal, widely spread eastwest trend

As the southern part of Srikandi, the western part developed middle inner shelf depositional environment
that probably associated with delta front facies of KE11-C well
Mud Volcano

Mild surface upwelling

Gas chimney

Mud Diapir
Overpressure Earth-quake ??
(less likely)

Underground
blowout
Overpressure?? t

(less likely)
Correlations Between Earthquakes and Large Mud Volcano Eruptions
R. Mellors, SDSU
D. Kilb, IGPP/SIO/UCSD
A. Aliyev, Geology Institute, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences
A. Gasanov, Republic Center of Seismic Survey, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences
G. Yetirmishli, Republic Center of Seismic Survey, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences
Analogue
BLEDUK KUWU
ACTIVE MUD VOLCANO
(PURWODADI)

EMP BRANTAS Aug 20, 2006

Is the Mud Extrusion related to the
Banjarpanji-1 well ?

3 Possibilities
EMP BRANTAS Aug 20, 2006
Is the Mud Extrusion related to the Banjarpanji-
1 well ?

A
Mud, water and gas (small) flow
A. Not related to the well
30" Driven

20" @ 1195'
106.5 ppf K55 BO
Source of mud is not
16" @ 2305'
from the wellbore,
84 PPF K55 BO
drilling activities was
TOP @ 2989'
13-3/8" @ 3580'
not the cause of the
Fault Plane 72 ppf K55 BTC mud extrusion
Bit @ 4241'

12-1/4 hole
Almost impossible to
kill the mud
extrusion

EMP BRANTAS Aug 20, 2006

Is the Mud Extrusion related to the Banjarpanji-
1 well ?

B
Height Mud, water and gas (small) flow
B. Related to the well
GL 30" Driven

msl
20" @ 1195'
106.5 ppf K55 BO
Drilling activities was
16" @ 2305' the cause of the mud
h z 84 PPF K55 BO
extrusion
TOP @ 2989'
13-3/8" @ 3580'
72 ppf K55 BTC
Need to find the
wellbore intercept Bit @ 4241'
cause, the
New Fractures mechanism and depth
of mud source
12-1/4 hole

Kill the well and the

mud extrusion

EMP BRANTAS Aug 20, 2006

Is the Mud Extrusion related to the Banjarpanji-
1 well ? C. Related to the well

Drilling activities was the

C cause of the activity of mud
diapir getting ways to
Height Mud, water and gas (small ) flow extrude to the surface
GL 30" Driven
The intial contact / conduit
msl
20" @ 1195' of mud diapir to surface
106.5 ppf K55 BO continue-on and becoming
the new source of
h z
16" @ 2305'
84 PPF K55 BO
pressure/energy creating
mud volcano
TOP @ 2989'
13-3/8" @ 3580'
DISTURBED MUD DIAPIR Almost impossible to kill the
72 ppf K55 BTC

wellbore intercept Bit @ 4241' well

New Fractures
12-1/4 hole

EMP BRANTAS Aug 20, 2006

 Surface Mud and Extrusion FACTS :
Appears approx. 200m from well
Initial burst contains H2S 35 ppm but disappeared or significantly
reduced on the second day, Zero for a long time but currently
some amount is detected. H2S was encountered when drilling
into and kick from Carbonate
MUD- WATER 70%, SOLID 30%
Chloride content: 14000 ppm
Mud Temperature at Surface: steam 212o F (100o C). Mixing with
near surface water is assumed.
Found Nanno and Foram fossils
Contains organic materials of Terrestrial and Marine origin.
Thermal Maturity is equivalent to Ro 0.64%.
Contains predominantly of Quarts (SiO2) and Clay materials
(Smectite, Chlorite and Kaolinite).
Contains some Hydrocarbon which is different than the SOBM
used to drill the Banjarpanji-1 well.

EMP BRANTAS Aug 20, 2006

 Sources of Mud
Sources of Solid:
The Overpressured Shale
Foram&Nanno fossils found suggest from 6000-4000ft.
Thermal maturity suggest from 5100 6300 ft
Kerogen composition correlatable with SWC from 5600ft
Temperature estimated source is from 5100-5500 ft
Also contribute water (trapped water) MOST LIKELY

MOST Sources of Water/Gas/Energy (drive)

Kujung Fm.: Initial burst contain H2S suggest contribution
LIKELY from Kujung.
Presence of H2S upto present time suggest continued
Source of Solid / water contribution of Kujung
Source of water?? Highly porous and permeable Sandstone 6360-6385ft
Volcanic Sandstone at 6100 ft. Superchaged from
overlying shale. Limited contribution as it is tight. Should
LESS not last long. == Pressure reconciliation problems

LIKELY Proportions of contribution from each of these zones?

Contribute what? Solid? Water? Gas?
Source of water/gas??

EMP BRANTAS Aug 20, 2006

Proposed New relief well locations (modified 9/8/06)

BJP-R4

BJP-R2

BJP-R3

Current Relief Well Location

Proposed new Relief Well

Locations

EMP BRANTAS Aug 20, 2006

 STATUS INTERPRETASI DARI BERBAGAI SUMBER
(AS OF 8 JANUARI 2007)
2 MUD DIAPIRSM / MUD VOLCANO
Proses pembentukan Mud Volcano yang berupa keluarnya lumpur
dalam jumlah yang sangat besar (sampai 1 Juta BOPD equivalent)
selama berbulan-bulan, dengan sumber asal lumpur dari:
Kedalaman > 9297 kaki (Agus Guntoro & Yusuf Surachman, pertemuan
BPPT 7 Oktober 2006)
Kedalaman 2000 6000 kaki (Syamsu Alam dkk, pertemuan BPPT 7
Oktober 2006) asumsi ini yang akhirnya volumenya dihitung menjadi
ekstrusi 31 tahun minimum.
Penyebab keluarnya lumpur dalam interpretasi ini juga bervariasi:
Efek tectonic maturity dari rangkaian gempa-gempa di Indonesia yang
dikapitalisasi dengan kejadian gempa Yogja 27 Mei (Agus Guntoro &
Yusuf Surachman, pertemuan BPPT 7 Oktober 2006)
Kombinasi tectonic maturity dengan tersedianya konduit buatan
berupa lobang pemboran BJP-1 (Bambang Istadi, s/d pertemuan BPPT
7 Oktober 2006)
Aktifasi mobilitas mud-diapir di kedalaman 3000-6000 kaki oleh
underground blow-out sumur BJP-1 (Andang Bachtiar, s/d pertemuan
BPPT 7 Oktober 2006)
 STATUS INTERPRETASI DARI BERBAGAI SUMBER
(AS OF 8 JANUARI 2007)
3 GEOTHERMAL
Proses keluarnya fluida geothermal dalam jumlah yang sangat
besar yang terus menerus mengalami recharge selama berbulan-
bulan, yang dalam pergerakan lateral-vertikal-nya menggerus
lempung Kalibeng(?) di kedalaman 2000 6000 kaki
Konduit utama fluida tersebut berupa bidang patahan yang teraktifasi
karena maturity tectonic, diperkirakan di kedalaman antara 9230 s/d
9297 kaki di sumur BJP-1

Interpretasi ini pertama kali dilontarkan oleh Trijana K. yang

mendapatkan informasi dari engineer-geologist geothermal pada
mid Agustus 2006, kemudian dipresentasikan oleh Sayogi
Sudarman (Asosiasi Panas Bumi Indonesia)1 September 2006 di
pertemuan Sheraton Bandung, dan akhir-akhir ini sedang diteliti
oleh peneliti-peneliti gabungan IAGI/Jepang-ITB-ITS-UPN
BJP-R1 - well Schematic Diagram

Highlights
Bridge @ 1096
ftMD inside 16
casing
Mud loss in casing,
448 bbl (cement
plugged at bottom)
Pressure in casing
390 psi. Previously
0 psi.
Bit stuck inside 9-
5/8 casing
Horizontal Displacements (Surveys 3-4 : 22 days)
KLDN (0.7)

PRTL (8.5)
GMPL (3.3)

PBRK
(15.1)
TOLL (11.8) BND2
(8.3)

1210
(1.4) SIRN SNGN
(10.7) (7.4)
PSO2 GLAG (7.2)
(14.0)

KCMT (1.9) SWH1 (4.4)

Survey-3: 26 - 29 August
2006 Survey-4 : 17 - 20 Sept
2006
GMPOL
1.3
17 Monitored KK
GPS Stations;
Geodesi ITB, 2006
28 November 2006
Reference: Sidoarjo (SIDO)
 VULNERABLE AREAS to
GEOHAZARD RISK

mGal

Daerah bahaya
pergerakan tanah

Mass Flow Direction

28 November 2006
APA YG HARUS DILAKUKAN? (2)
FOKUS PADA USAHA MENGALIRKAN LUMPUR KE
KALI PORONG, DENGAN MEMPERTIMBANGKAN
GRADIEN ELEVASI ALAMIAH YANG MENGARAH KE
TENGGARA (DENGAN IMPLIKASI MENGORBANKAN
JALAN TOL)
Selama ini konsentrasi TimNas terpecah antara mencoba
mengamankan usaha relief well, mengamankan jalan tol, dan
mengalirkan lumpur ke spill-way (yg bukan mengikuti gradien
utama alamiah)
Dengan fokus pada usaha pengaliran lumpur SAJA, maka
pekerjaan TimNas akan menjadi lebih effektif dan effisien
Dalam pekerjaan-pekerjaan geoteknik dan konstruksi
(tanggul dan pengaliran lumpur dsb) sangat disarankan
untuk melibatkan kompetensi REKAYASA
PERTAMBANGAN
> MUD VOLCANO EVOLUTION

Examples: Bleduk Kuwu, Paleo Porong Mud Volcano

(Seismic), Gn Anyar, Kalang Anyar, Batuputih
Samarinda, etc
Assumed 5 cm subsidence / month 60 cm/year =
6 meter / 10 years
Intial transitional phase toward isostatic adjusment
(Bleduk Kuwu case) = 10 years?
Still need area for overspill mud extrusion
Final: the subside area: 2 X 2 KM will become:
lakes, if extrusion < subsidence
flat, if extrusion = subsidence
hill, if extrusion > subsidence EMP BRANTAS Aug 20, 2006
 A: Subsiding area become Almost Flat

Low relief (6m)

Bleduk Kuwu
Scenario (Active
Mud Volcano,
Purwodadi)

OCM 5 October 2006

 B: Subsiding area become a Hill
Azerbaijan Giant Mud Volcanos

Size from m to 4km (>5km offshore)

Height from m up to 500 m

Roots of feeder channel up to 15 km (i.e. Below Maycopian?)

Usually situated along anticlines

Associated with HC reservoirs

OCM 5 October 2006

 Local Analog
Gunung Anyar Mud Volcano

Gunung Anyar and Kalang
Rungkut
(Surabaya)
Anyar Examples - Hill of
10-50 meters high
OCM 5 October 2006
 C: Subsiding area become a Lake
Possible structure collapse near wellbore Example: Porong Collapse Structure
( 7 Km dari BJP -1 )
may create a lake with a radius of 1-2 km

Residual Gravity Data

shows Gravity Low b-96-504
OCM 5 October 2006
 RAILROAD DEXTRAL MOVEMENT at KM 39.2

27 September 2006

OCM 5 October 2006

 Toll Road

5
2
4
Bjp-1

1 3

Survey point Banjar Panji 1 Well Mud Extrusion

Gempa Jogya : 27 Mei 2006

1. Sumur bor +/- 80 m keluar air + pasir hitam.
2. Keluar air pekat dari lantai.
3. SEMBURAN PERTAMA 29 MEI 2006 150 M SW DARI SUMUR
4. SEMBURAN KEDUA 1 JUNI 2006 150 M NE DARI SUMUR (Keluar air semburan di lima titik )
5. SEMBURAN KETIGA 2 JUNI 2006 500 M NE DARI SUMUR

-
SAAT INI HANYA DI LOKASI SEMBURAN PERTAMA YANG MASIH AKTIF
OCM 5 October 2006
Cracks at the rig site

OCM 5 October 2006

 Alignment of mud extrusion

NE
Source Soffian H (2006)
OCM 5 October 2006
 East Java tectonic pattern of MVs
Merapi SURABAYA
Gunung Anyar MV
PORONG

YOGYA

Mud volcanic
SEMERU
Pulungan MV structures aligned
MALANG

OILSEEP along fault

Kalang Anyar MV system oriented
NE-SW

Fault elongates
from volcanic
LUSI complex
PORONG WELL
Possible
progradation
towards NE of the
volcanic complex

Volcanic complex

Map source: Untung OCM 5 October 2006

Terima Kasih

EMP BRANTAS Aug 20, 2006