STATIKA FLUIDA

TEKANAN PADA SEBUAH TITIK

• Tekanan digunakan untuk menunjukan gaya normal setiap

satuan luas pada sebuah titik dibidang tertentu dalam
massa fluida yang ditinjau
 Px=Py=Pz
• Hukum Pascal : Tekanan disebuah titik pada fluida yang
diam atau bergerak tidak bergantung pada arahnya
sepanjang tidak terdapat tegangan-tegangan geser ( akan
dibahas pada bab 6)

2.1. VARIASI TEKANAN DALAM FLUIDA DIAM

Untuk zat cair atau gas yang diam, gradien tekanan dalam arah
tegak pada setiap titik dalam fluida tergantung hanya pada berat
jenis dari fluida pada titik tersebut

(2.1)
 Px=Py=Pz
• Hukum Pascal : Tekanan disebuah titik pada fluida yang
diam atau bergerak tidak bergantung pada arahnya
sepanjang tidak terdapat tegangan-tegangan geser ( akan
dibahas pada bab 6)

2.1. VARIASI TEKANAN DALAM FLUIDA DIAM

Untuk zat cair atau gas yang diam, gradien tekanan dalam arah
tegak pada setiap titik dalam fluida tergantung hanya pada berat
jenis dari fluida pada titik tersebut

(2.1)
 Variasi tekanan dalam fluida diam
• Untuk zat cair atau gas yang diam, gradien tekanan
dalam arah tegak pada setiap titik dalam fluida
tergantung hanya pada berat jenis dari fluida pada
titik tersebut

p p p
0 0  
x y z

Dapat digunakan unutk

dp menentukan bagaimana
  tekanan berubah menurut
dz ketinggian
2.2. Fluida tak mampu-mampat ( incompressible fluids)
Karena berat jenis sama dengan perkalian dari kerapatan fluida
dengan percepatan gravitasi (  r), dari pers ( 2.1)

Perbedaan tekanan antara dua

titik dapat ditentukan dengan
jarak (h)

(2.4)

(2.2)

(2.3)
• Head tekanan adalah ketinggian kolom fluida yang akan memberikan
perbedaan tekanan ( P1-P2) yang ditentukan

Tekanan acuan Po akan

bersesuaian dengan tekanan
yang bekerja pad permukaan
bebas ( tekanan atmosphere)
P2=PO

Notasi untuk tekanan untuk variasi tekanan (2.5)

dalam fluida diam dengan permukaan
bebas
 Gambar. Kesetimbangan fluida dalam bejana dengan bentuk sembarang

Tekanan sama diseluruh titik sepanjang garis AB meskipun

bejananya mungkin mempunyai bentuk yang tidak beraturan.
Nilai aktual tekanan sepanjang AB tergantung hanya pada
kedalaman (h), tekanan permukaan, Po dan berat jenis (  )
Gambar. Kesetimbangan fluida dalam bejana dengan bentuk sembarang
 • Contoh 2.1
Karena ada kebocoran pada tangki
penyimpan bensin yang dipendam, air
meresap masuk tangki sampai
ketinggian seperti ditunjukan gbr. Jika
gravitasi bensin SG= 0.68 , tentukan
teknanan pada antar muka bensin
dan air.

Karena cairan dalam kondisi diam,

distribusi tekanan akan berupa tekanan Jika kita mengukur tekanan realtif
hidrostatik dapat digunakan pers . terhadap tekanan atmosfer ( tekanan
pengukuran ) maka po=0
Fluida mampu-mampat (Compressed Fluid)

• Contoh : gas–gas (udara, oksigen nitrogen)

karena kerapatan gas dapat berubah secara
berarti dengan perubahan– perubahan
tekanan dan temperatur)

Jika berat jenis sebuah fluida berubah

cukup besar ketika kita bergerak dari titik
ke titik, maka tekanan tidak lagi berubah
secara langsung terhadap kedalaman.
2.4. Atmosfer Standar
• Atmosfer Standar adalah representasi yang didealkan dari kondisi
rata-rata diatmosphere bumi
2.5. Pengukuran Tekanan
• Tekanan pada sebuah titik dalam massa fluida dapat dimaksudkan
sebagai tekanan mutlak ( absolute pressure) atau sebuah tekanan
pengukuran ( gage pressure)
Sebuah barometer digunakan untuk mengukur tekanan atmosfer

atau
P = w.h + P vapor
Contoh
Find the height of water colum equivalent to a pressure of
2 kg/cm2, and determine the pressure in kg/cm2 at a dept
of 4 metres below the free surface of an oil of spesific
grafity 0,75.
Solution
Given : Pressure p = 2 kg/cm2 = 2 x (10)3 gr/cm3
h = height of water column
h = 4 m = 400 cm, and sp wg = 1000 kg/m3 = 1 gr/cm3
sp. Gr. Oil = 0,75  sp wg = 0,75 x 1000 = 750 kg/cm3
= 0,00075 gm/cm3
Using the Relation : p = w.h
2 x (10)3 = 1 x h ………(w = 1 gm/cm3)
h = 2 x (10)3 cm = 2000 cm = 20 m.
p = 0,00075 x 400 = 0,3 kg/cm2.
Contoh

• TUGAS II
• KELOMPOK I. MANOMETER SEDERHANA DAN
CONTOH SOALNYA
• KELOMPOK II. MICROMANOMETER DAN
CONTOH SOALNYA.
• KELOMPOK III. MANOMETER DIFFERENSIAL
DAN CONTOH SOALNYA.
Contoh

2. Determine the height of an oil colum of

specific gravity 0,7 which will cause 60
Kg/cm2. And find the pressure at a depth of 3
m below free surface of water in a reservoir.

Z=3m
Z2 = ?

P1= ?

P2 = 60 Kg/cm2
Take home
2. Determine the height of an oil colum of
specific gravity 0,85 which will cause 120
Kg/cm2. And find the pressure at a depth of 8
m below free surface of marcurry in a
reservoir.

Z=8m
Z2 = …m?

P1= ?

P2 = 120 Kg/cm2
Contoh

SOLUTION
P1 = ?
Z = 3 m = 300 cm
SG = 0,70
W = 0,70 x 1000
= 700 kg/m3 = (700x1000)/(100)3
= (700000)/(1000000) gr/cm3
P1 = 0,70 gr/cm3 x 300 cm = 21,0 gr/cm2
P2 = w.Z => 60 kg/cm2 = 1000x (100)3 kg/cm3 . Z =
Z =( 60 kg/cm2) /{1000 x (100)3} kg/cm3 = 6 x (10)-8 cm
PENGUKURAN TEKANAN
Tekanan yang kita bicarakan diatas adalah tekanan
absolute. Pada seluruh buku ini yang dimaksud tekanan
adalah tekanan absolute jika tidak dinyatakn secara
eksplisit. Sering kali kita temui manometer menunjuk angka
0 bila manometer membaca tekanan udara bebas. Untuk
manometer jenis ini tekanan absolute yang terbaca harus
ditambah 1 atm untuk menentukan tekanan yang diukur,
oleh karena itu bacaan pada manometer jenis ini disebut P
gage.

Pgage = Pabsolute – Patm

Alat pengukur tekanan diatas atmosfir adalah manometer,
alat penukur tekanan vakum disebut manometer vakum,
sedang alat pengukur tekanan atmosfir disebut
barometer. Tetapi bila tekanan atmosphere lokal (Patm)
lebih besar dari tekanan didalam sistem, istilah tekanan
vakum digunakan dan dinyatakan :

Pvakum = Patm (absolute)– P (abs dalam sistem)

suprapto. ITM,08
PENGUKURAN TEKANAN

suprapto. ITM,08
2.6 Manometer
• Tabung Manometer

• Manometer Tabung -U
Contoh 2.4

• Sebuah tangki tertutup berisi udara bertekanan dan minyak ( SG

minyak = 0,90). Sebuah manometer tabung U yang menggunakan air
raksa (SGhg=13,6) dihubungkan ketangki tersebut. Untuk ketinggian
kolom h1=36 in, h2=6 in dan h3=9in. Tentukan bacaan tekanan dalam
(psi) dari alat ukur

SG=0.9
solusi
 Exercises
• A manometer is used to measure the pressure in a tank. The
fluid used has a specific gravity of 0.85, and the manometer
column height is 55 cm, as shown in Fig. 1–46. If the local
atmospheric pressure is 96 kPa, determine the absolute
pressure within the tank.

Fig. 1-46
Hadir
Hadir
Manometer tabung –U diferensial
It is a device used for measuring the difference of presure, between two point in a
pipe, or in two different pipes.
Example
A differential manometer connected at the two points A and B in a pipe containing
an oil of spesific gravity 0,8, shows a difference mercury levels as 100 mm.
Determine the difference in pressures at the two point in terms of head water and
gm/cm2.
S1 Solution
A
Given: SG = S1 = 0,8
B h = 100 mm = 10 cm
S2
S2 = 13,6
100mm
hA – hB = difference of pressure between A
and B in terms of head of water.
pA – pB = Difference of pressure between A
and B

Using the relation : hA – hB = h(S2 – S1) = 10(13,6 – 0,8) = 128 cm of water.

p = pA – pB = 1,0 (hA – hB) = 1,0 x 128 gm/cm2 = 128 gm/cm2.
Problem 1
A U-tube differential manometer connects two pressure pipes A and B. The pipe A
contains carbon tetracloride having a spesific gravity 1,594 under a pressure of 1,2
kg/cm2. The pipe B contains oil specific gravity 0,8 under presure of 2 kg/cm2. The
pipes A lies 2,5 m above pipe B. Find the difference of pressure measured by
mercury as fluid filling U-tube.

Problem 2

A A manometer containing mercury is connected to

two points 15 m apart, on a pipe line conveying
water. The pipe line is straight and slopes at
angle 150 with the horizontzl. The manometer
gives a reading of 150 mm. Determine the
2,5
pressure difference between the two points of the
pipe line. Take specific gravity of mercury as 13,6
and that of water as 1,0.

B A

150 15

B
 SOLUTION 1.
SGa = 1,594 ; Pa = 1,2 Kg/cm2 ; SGb = 0,8 ;
Pb = 2 Kg/cm2 ; h1 = 2,5 m.
Let : h = ..?
Pressure in pipe A
A ha = 1,2 . 10 4 /1000 = 12 m
hb = 2 x 10 4 / 1000 = 20 m
Equation :
h1=2,5
ha + SGa.h1 + SGm.h2 = SGb.h2 + hb
12 m + 1,594 x 2,5 + 13,6. h2 = 0,8.h2 + 20
(13,6 – 0,8) h2 = (20 – 12 ) – 3,98
B 12,8 h2 = 4,02
h2 = h
h2 = 4,02/12,8 = 0,314 m = 314 mm.
Dari gambar h2 = h, Jadi h2 = 314 mm
 SOLUTION 2

15m Given : L = 15m; β = 150 ; h = 150 mm ;

SG1 = 1 ; SG2 = 13,6
A
Let : hA – hB = Pressure difference
150 between the two points in terms of head of
β
h = 150 water, and
B
P = pressure in kN/m2 ?

Equation
hA - hB = h (SG2 – SG1) = 150(13,6 – 1) = 1890 mm = 1,89 m.
Difference in levels of A and B due to inclination oh the pipe
= 15 Sin 150 = 15 x 0,2588 = 3,88 m
Difference of the pressure between two points
= 3,88 – 1, 89 = 1,99 m
So : P = 9,81 x 1,99 = 19,52 kN/m2
SOLUTION 1.
SGa = 1,594 ; Pa = 1,2 Kg/cm2 ; SGb = 0,8 ; Pb
= 2 Kg/cm2 ; h1 = 2,5 m.
Let : h = ..?
Pressure in pipe A
ha = 1,2 . 10 4 /1000 = 12 m
hb = 2 x 10 4 / 1000 = 20 m
Equation :
ha + SGa.h1 + SGm.h2 = SGb.h3 + hb
12 m + 1,594 x 2,5 + 13,6. h2 = 0,8.h2 + 20
(13,6 – 0,8) h2 = (20 – 12 ) – 3,98
12,8 h2 = 4,02
h2 = 4,02/12,8 = 0,314 m = 314 mm.
Dari gambar h2 = h, Jadi h2 = 314 mm
Manometer tabung – U diferensial
It is a device used for measuring the difference of presure, between two point in a
pipe, or in two different pipes.
Manometer tabung miring

h2

Manometer tabung miring dapat digunakan untuk mengukur perbedaan

tekanan yang kecil dengan akurat
 HYDROSTATICS
The term Hydrostatics means the study of pressure, exerted by a liquid
at rest. It has been observed that the direction of such a pressure is
always at right angles to the surface, on which it acts.

TOTAL PRESSURE
The total pressure, on an immersed surface, may be defined as
the total pressure exerted by the liquid on it.
Matematically :P = p1a1 + p2a2 + p3a3 + ………….
P = Total pressure
P1; p2; p3;……. = Intensities of pressure on different strips of the
surface, and
A1; a2; a3; …… = Area of the corresponding strips.
 Gambar . Tekanan dan gaya
hidrostatik resultan yang timbul
pada permukaan dasar sebuah
tangki

Besarnya resultan dari fluida sama dengan tekanan yang

bekerja pada pusat massa dari bidang dikalikan dengan total
luas bidang
 TOTAL PRESSURE ON A HORIZONTAL IMMERSED SURFACE

Surface liquid

Let : w = sp weigt of the liquid

x A = Area of the immersed surface in m2
x = Depth of the horizontal surface from the
liquid level in metres.

Fig.1. Horizontally immersed surface

P = Weight of the liquid above the immersed surface.

= Sp. Wt. of liquid x Volume of liquid.
= Sp. Wt. of liquid x Area of surface x Depth of liquid
= w.A.x kg  P = w.A.x kN (SI units)

Example
A rectangular tank 5 metres long 2 metres wide contains water up to a depth
of 2,5 metres. Calculate the pressure on the base of the tank.
Solution :
Given : l = 5 m ; b = 2 m; and x = 2,5 m,and Let : P = ?
P = w . A . x = 1000 x 2 x 5 x 2,5 = 25000 kg = 25 ton
 TOTAL PRESSURE ON A VERTICALLY IMMERSED SURFACE

Liquid Surface
Let : w = Sp. Wt. of the liquid
x1
b A = Area of the surface,
x
dx x = Depth of centre of gravity of the
immersed surface from the liquid
surface.
The intensity of pressure on the strip = w.x1
Area of the strip = b.dx
Pressure on the strip p = intensity of pressure x Area
= w.x1.b.dx
Fig.2. Vertically immersed surface

Now total pressure on the surface

P= ∫ w.x1.b.dx = w ∫ x1.b.dx
∫ x1.b.dx = Moment of the surface area about the liquid level
= A.x
P = w.A.x
 Example
A circular door of 1,0 m diameter closes an opening in the vertical side of
bulkhead, wich retains sea water.The centre of the opening is at depth of 2,0
m from the water level. Determine the total pressura on the door. Take
specific gravity of sea water as 1,03.
Surface liquid
Solution
1,0 m
Given d = 1,0 m; x = 2,0 m; Sp. gr = 1,03; and Let
2,0 m
P=?
Sp wt of sea water w = 9,81. 1.03 = 10,1 kN/m3
Area A = 0,785. (1.0)2 = 0,7854 m2
P = w.A.x = 10,1. 0,7854. 2,0 = 15,865 kN
CENTRE OF PRESSURE

As the pressure is greater over the lower portion of the figure, therefore the
resultant pressure, on an immersed surface and towards the lower edge of
the figure. The point, through which this resultant pressure acts, is known as
centre of pressure.
Liquid surface
Let : w = Sp wt of the liquid
A = Area of the surface
b
X = Depth of centre of gravity of the
dx immersed surface from the liquid
x surface.
h
b = width
dx = a strp of thickness
G The intensity of pressure on strp = w.x
Area of the strip = b.dx.
P Pressure on the strp :
p = intensity of pressure x Area.
= w.x.b.dx
Moment of this pressure about the liquid
surface = (w.x.b.dx).x
Now the sum of moments of all such pressure about the liquid surface

M= ∫ w.x2.b.dx = w ∫.x2.b.dx
∫.x2.b.dx = Io = Moment of inertia of the surface about the liquid level, or
secong moment of area.
So : M = w.Io
We know that the sum of the moments of the pressure is also equal to P.h
Where : P = Total pressure on the surface
h = Depth of centre of pressure from the liquid surface.
Now equation : P.h = w.Io
w..A.x.h =w.Io
h = Io/A.x
From the theorem of parallel axis that
Io = IG + Ah2
IG = Moment of inertia of the figure, about horizontal axis through its centre of
gravity, and
h = Distance between the liquid surface and the centre of gravity of the figure
(x in this case).
h = IG + A.x2/Ax = IG/Ax + x
Thus the centre of pressure is always below the centre of gravity of the area by
a distance equal to IG/Ax.
Example
A rectangular sluice gate is situated on the vertical wall of a lock. The
vertical side of the sluice is (d) metres in length and depth of centroid of the
area is (p) metres below the water surface. Prove that the depth of pressure
is equal to (p + d2/12p)
Solution
Depth of the sluice = d
Depth of centroid of the area :
p h=?
X=p
Let width of the sluice = b
G d
Area A = b.d
Let : h = ?
P
IG = bd3/12
b
h = IG/Ax + x
= (bd3/12) / (bd.p) + p
= {bd (d2/12)} / (bd.p) + p
h = p + (d2/12p)
S.No NAME OF FIGURE C.G FROM THE BASE I ABOUT AN AXIS PASSING I ABOUT
THROUGH C.G AND PARALLEL BASE
TO BASE
1

X = h/3 bh3/36 bh3/12

G h
x
b
2
b
X = 2h/3 bh3/36 bh3/12
h
x

3 b
x
G d X = d/2 bd3/12 bd3/3

d X = d/2 π/64 . d4 --
x
 Exercises (Take Home)
1. A square plate of 1 metre side is immersed vertically in
water , in such a way, taht its centre is 4 m below the
water surface. Find the total pressure and the position of
centre of pressure,

2. A vertical circular plate of 1,2 m diameter is immersed in

water, such that its centre is 3 m below the water
surface. Find the total pressure on the plate.

3. A rectangular plate 3 m long and 1 m wide is immersed

vertically in water in such a way taht its 3 m side is
parallel to the water surface and its 1 m below it. Find
the total pressure on the plate and the position of centre
of pressure.
 TOTAL PRESSURE ON AN INCLINED IMMERSED SURFACE

Liquid Surfe
Let us consider :
O Liquid Surface dx = strip of tickness
b = width
Ѳ
X
l = distance from O ( A
point , on the liquid surface ,
where the immersed surface
will meet.
l G w = Sp Weight of the liquid
∂x
A = Area of the surface
X = depth of centre or gravity
of the immersed surface from
b the liquid surface
Q = angle at which the
immersed surface is inclined
with the liquid surface.
Let us consider a strip of thickness dx width b and at a
distance l from O (a point, on the liquid surface, wherw the
immersed surface will meet, if produced).
The intencity of pressur on the strip = w.l.sin Ѳ
Area of the strip = b.dx
Pressure on the strip  p = b.dx
Now total pressure on the surface  P = ∫ w.l sin Ѳ b.dx
P = w sin Ѳ ∫ l. b.dx
But : ∫ l. b.dx = moment of the surface area about O
∫ l. b.dx = (Ax/sin Ѳ)
 P = w.Sin Ѳ.(Ax/Sin Ѳ) = w.A.x
P = w.A.x
 EXAMPLE
o
A horizontal passage 40 cm x 40 cm
60
has its outlet covered by plane flap
40 cm
inclined at with the horizontal and is
Water surface hinged along the upper horizontal
p edge of the passage. If the depth of
10 cm
p the flowing water is 10 cm in
passage, determine the thrust on the
gate.
SOLUTION
Given : Width the passage l = 40 cm
Depth of the passage = 40 cm
Inclination of the flap Ѳ = 60O
Depth of c.g. of wetted = 5 cm
So : A = 40 x 10 Cossec 60O
= 400 x 1x 1,547 = 461,88
P = w. A. x = 1 x 461,88 x 5 = 2309 gm
P = 2,309 kg.
Liquid Surface
APPLICATIONS OF HYDROSTATICS
A
PERESSURE DUE TO ONE KIND OF
LIQUID ON ONE SIDE
h Consider a vertical wall subjected to
H pressure due to one kind of liquid on
P one of its sides as shown in Fig.1
Let :
B c H = height of liquid.
wH W = specific weight of the liquid.
Fig. 1 P = Total pressure on the wall per unit
length.

The pressure on the wall is zero at the liquid surface, and will increase
by a straight line law to w.H. at the bottom.
Therefore the pressure diagram will be a triangle ABC as shown in
Fig. 1.
2
P = Area of Triangle ABC = ½ .H.w.H. = w.H./2

P = ½ ( w. H 2 )
PRERSSURE DUE TO ONE KIND OF LIQUID OVER ANOTHER ON ONE SIDE

Consider a vertical wall,

subjected to pressure due to
H1
1 P1 one kind of liquid, over
another on one side as shown
2 H2 P2 in Fig.2. A little consideration
P3
will show that this will happen,
Fig. 2 w1H1 w2H2 when one liquid is in soluble
into the other.
Let :H1 = height of liquid 1
W1 = specific weight of liquid 1
H2 = height of liquid 2
W2 = specific weight of liquid 2
P = total pressure on the wall per unit length.
We know that the pressure in such a case is zero at the
liquid surface, and will increase by a straight line law to
w1.H1 up to a depth of H1. It will further increase, by a
straight line law, to w1.H1 + w2.H2 as shown in Fig.2
The pressure P1 on the surface AD due to liquid 1, may be
found out, as usual, from the area of triangle ADE
(i.e. P1 = ½ (w1.H1)
The pressure on the surface DB will consist of pressure P2
due to superimposed liquid 1, as well as pressure P3 due to
liquid 2. This pressure will be given by the area of the
trapezium BCED (i.e. area of rectangle DBEF due to
superimposed liquid i.e. P2 = w1.H1.H22 and the area of
2
triangle FCE due to liquid 2 ( i.e. P = ½(w2.H2).
The total pressure wil be sum of these three pressures
(i.e. P = P1 + P2 + P3).
The line of action of the total pressureb may be found out by
equation the moment of P, P1, P2 and P3 about A.
2
 A Example
Find the magnitude and line of action
of the resultant force exerted upon
Sp gr 1 50 cm
P1 the side of a box tank, which is 50
D E cm square and 1 metre deep. The
box tank is filled ½ full with a liquid
Sp gr 2 50 cm P2 having specific gravity of 2, while the
P3
remainder is filled with a liquid
C
B F having a specific gravity of 1.
Fig. 3 500 1000

SOLUTION
Side of the square tank = 50 cm = 0,5 m
Depth of the tank = 1 m
Depth of the liquid of sp gr 2 (H2) = 0,5 m
Depth of the liquid of sp gr 1 (H1) = 0,5 m
The pressure diagram on one side of the tank is shown in Fig.3.
Magnitude of the resultant force
DE = BF = w1.H1 = (1 x 1000) x 0,5 kg/cm2 = 500 kg/cm2
Total pressure up to D due to liquid of sp gr. 1
P1 = Area of triangle ADE x length of the tank wall.
P1 = (1/2 x 500 x 0,5) x 0,5 = 62,5 kg
The total pressure up to B due to liquid of sp. gr. 1
P2 = Area of rectangle BDFE x Length of the tank wall.
= (500 x 0,5) x 0,5 = 125,0 kg.
Pressure at B due to liquid of sp. gr. 2
FC = w2.H2 = (2 x 1000) x 0,5 = 1000 kg/cm2
Total pressure up to B due to liquid of sp. gr 2.
P3 = Area of trianle EFC x Length of the tank wall.
= (1/2 x 1000 x 0,5) x 0,5 = 125 kg.
Resultant Pressure
P = P1 + P2 + P3 = 62,5 + 125,0 + 125,0 = 312,5 kg
P = 312,5 kg.
LINE OF ACTION OF THE RESULTANT FORCE
Let : h = Dept of the line of action of the resultant pressure from A
Taking moments of all the pressure about A, and equating the same
P x h = [P1 x (2 x 0,5)/3] + [P2 X (0,5 + 0,5/2)] + [P3 X (0,5 + 2.0,5/3)]
312,5 X h = (62,5 x 1/3) + (125 x ¾) + (125 x 0,8) = 218,75
218,75
h= = 0,7 m
312,5
Problem
Petrol A
(1). A bulkhead 3 m long
Oil
D divides a storage tank as
1,8 m
shown in Fig. 1. Sp gr petrol
P1
P2
0,9 m
0,78 and Sp gr oil 0,88.
0,6 m
0,3 m Determine the resultant
B C E pressure on the bulkhead, and
Fig.1 w2H2
w1H1
the position at which it acts.
A

0,6 m Sp gr 0,8 (2). Find the magnitude and

Oil P1
D E line of action of the resultant
Sp gr 1,3 P2
force exerted upon the side
1,0 m
Sea water
P3 of a box tank, as shown in
B
400 1200
C
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2
Hadir
Hadir
 Gambar . Tekanan dan gaya
hidrostatik resultan yang timbul
pada permukaan dasar sebuah
tangki

Besarnya resultan dari fluida sama dengan tekanan yang

bekerja pada pusat massa dari bidang dikalikan dengan total
luas bidang
2.11 .Gaya Apung, Mengapung dan Kestabilan
PRINSIP ARCHIMEDES :
 Prinsip Archimedes menyatakan bahwa gaya apung
memiliki besar sama dengan berat fluida yang
dipindahkan oleh benda dan mengarah vertikal keatas
 Kestabilan
• Benda benda yang terendam atau terapung
dapat berada dalam posisi stabil dan tidak
stabil
• Kesetabilan sebuah benda dapat ditentukan
dengan meninjau apa yang terjadi ketika
benda tersebut diusik dari posisi
kesetimbanganya.
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