“Hutang Piutang dan Gadai”

Dosen Pengampu :
Drs. Imam Supriyadi, MThl.

Disusun Oleh Kelompok 9 :

Putri Anjjarwati (G72217047)
Revinta Ulil Azmi (G72217048)
 01 Tentang Hutang Piutang

02 Hadist-hadist tentang Hutang Piutang

Pembahasan
03 Contents

04 Contents
Hutang Piutang
 Pengertian Hutang Piutang
Pengertian hutang piutang sama dengan perjanjian pinjam meminjam yang dijumpai dalam
ketentuan Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Perdata pasal 1754 yang berbunyi :

Pinjam meminjam adalah suatu perjanjian dengan mana pihak yang satu memberikan
kepada pihak yang lain suatu jumlah barang-barang tertentu dan habis karena pemakaian,
dengan syarat bahwa yang belakangan ini akan mengembalikan sejumlah yang sama dari
macam keadaan yang sama pula.
Hadist-Hadist Tentang Hutang Piutang
Fadhilah Memberi Pinjaman

Memberikan pinjaman kepada orang yang membutuhkan termasuk akhlak mulia dan terpuji,
karena berarti menolong melepaskan kesusahan orang lain. Islam mengajarkan prinsip
tolong menolong dalam kebaikan.
Rasulullah SAW yang menghimbau umatnya agara suka memberikan pinjaman kepada
sesama muslim yang memerlukannya. Ibnu Mas’ud memberitakan bahwa Rasulullah SAW
bersabda:

‫ص َدقَتِ َها َم َّرة‬ َ ‫ضا َم َّرتَي ِْن ِإالَّ َك‬

َ ‫ان َك‬ ُ ‫َما ِم ْن ُم ْس ِل ٍم يُ ْق ِر‬
ً ‫ض ُم ْس ِل ًما قَ ْر‬
Artinya:
“Tiada seorang Muslim pun yang memberikan pinjaman kepada Muslim (lainnya) dua kali,
melainkan nilainya seperti shadaqah sekali.” (H.R. Ibnu Majah)
Faktor yang mendorong seseorang berhutang

Keadaan darurat

Kecenderungan untuk menikmati

kemewahan.

Akibat kalah judi

Akibat-akibat buruk dari hutang piutang :

Menggoncangkan
pikiran, mengganggu
ketenangan dan
01
ketenteraman jiwa. Content Pada puncaknya,
03 hutang besar yang tak
Content
04 sanggup dibayar dapat
Content mendorong seseorang
berbuat kejahatan

02
Content
Merugikan nama baik
keluarga, karena
terganggu oleh tagihan- Hutang yang besar
tagihan hutang dapat menghambat
usaha orang lain.
Hadist-Hadist Tentang Hutang Piutang
Penulisan Hutang-piutang

َ ‫ِين آ َمنُوا إِ َذا تَدَايَ ْنت ُ ْم بِ َد ْي ٍن إِلَى أ َ َج ٍل ُم‬

ٌ ِ‫سمى فَا ْكتُبُوهُ َو ْليَ ْكت ُ ْب بَ ْينَ ُك ْم كَات‬
... ‫ب بِا ْلَعَدْل‬ َ ‫يَا أَيُّ َها الَّذ‬

Artinya:
“Hai orang-orang yang beriman, apabila kamu bermu’amalah tidak secara tunai untuk waktu
yang ditentukan, hendaklah kamu menuliskannya...” (Q.S. al-Baqarah: 282)

Hikmah perintah ini ialah untuk kebaikan kedua belah pihak, karena tulisan itu dapat menjadi
bukti (bayyinah) yang mengingatkan salah satu pihak yang terkadang lupa atau khilaf.
Hadist-Hadist Tentang Hutang Piutang
Segera Membereskan Hutang

Apabila telah diikat perjanjian hutang untuk jangka waktu tertentu, maka wajiblah janji itu
ditepati dan pihak yang berhutang perlu membereskan hutangnya menurut perjanjian itu.
Menepati janji adalah wajib, dan setiap orang bertanggung jawab akan janji-janjinya. Allah
firmankan dalam al-Quran:

‫سئ ُ ْولا‬ َ ‫وأ َ ْوفُوا ِبا ْلَعَ ْه ِد ِإ َّن ا ْلَعَ ْه َد َك‬...

ْ ‫ان َم‬ َ
Artinya:
“... Dan penuhilah janji, sesungguhnya janji itu pasti dimintai pertanggungjawabannya.” (QS.
Al-Isra`: 34)
Hadist-Hadist Tentang Hutang Piutang
Buruknya Menunda-nunda Pembayaran Hutang

Perbuatan yang sengaja mengulur-ulur waktu tidak membayar hutang padahal ia mampu,
termasuk akhlak yang tercela dan dipandang sebagai perbuatan dhalim. Rasulullah SAW
bersabda:
‫ فَ ِإ َذا أُتْبِ َع‬، ‫ظ ْل ٌم‬
ُ ‫َّللا صلى هللا عليه وسلم قَال َم ْط ُل ا ْلغَنِ ِى‬ ِ َّ ‫سو َل‬ ُ ‫ع َْن أَبِى ُه َر ْي َرةَ رضى هللا عنه أَ َّن َر‬
َ ‫أ َ َح ُد ُك ْم‬
‫علَى َم ِل ٍى فَ ْليَتْبَ ْع‬
Artinya:
“Dari Abu Hurairah r.a., bahwa Rasulullah SAW bersabda: “Memperlambat pembayaran
hutang yang dilakukan oleh orang kaya merupakan perbuatan zhalim. Jika salah seorang
kamu dialihkan kepada orang yang mudah membayar hutang, maka hendaklah beralih
(diterima pengalihan tersebut)”.
Hadist-Hadist Tentang Hutang Piutang
Bersungguh-sungguh dalam Upaya Pembayaran Hutang

Orang yang memikul beban hutang wajib terus berusaha membereskan sangkutan-
sangkutan hutangnya hingga tuntas. Apabila dia mengalami kesempitan sehingga terus
merasa lemah membayar hutangnya, maka adalah suatu fadhilah untuk terus bersungguh-
sungguh membayar hutangnya. Rasulullah SAW bersadba:
‫سلَّ َم قَا َل َم ْن أَ َخ َذ أَ ْم َوا َل النَّا ِس يُ ِري ُد‬َ ‫علَ ْي ِه َو‬ َّ ‫صلَّى‬
َ ُ‫َّللا‬ َ ِ ‫ع ْنهُ ع َْن النَّبِي‬
َ ُ‫َّللا‬
َّ ‫ي‬ َ ‫ع َْن أَبِي ُه َر ْي َرةَ َر ِض‬
َّ ُ‫ع ْنهُ َو َم ْن أَ َخ َذ يُ ِري ُد ِإتْ ََلفَ َها أَتْلَفَه‬
ُ‫َّللا‬ َّ ‫أَدَا َء َها أَدَّى‬
َ ُ‫َّللا‬
Artinya:
“Dari Abu Hurairah radliallahu ‘anhu dari Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam bersabda: “Siapa
yang mengambil harta manusia (berhutang) disertai maksud akan membayarnya maka Allah
akan membayarkannya untuknya, sebaliknya siapa yang mengambilnya dengan maksud
merusaknya (merugikannya) maka Allah akan merusak orang itu”. (HR. Bukhari)
Hadist-Hadist Tentang Hutang Piutang
Tasamuh (Toleransi) dalam Pembayaran Hutang

Salah satu di antara akhlak yang mulia adalah berlaku tasamuh (longgar) atau lapang
dada dalam pembayaran hutang. Sikap ini merupakan kebalikan dari sikap menunda-
nunda, memperketat dan menahan hak orang (mathal) yang termasuk dalam rangkaian
akhlah tercela. Orang yang suka berlapang dada dan toleransi ketika membayar hutang,
dicintai oleh Allah SWT sebagaimana disabdakan oleh Rasulullah SAW:

‫ضا اء‬ َ ‫ار ُك ْم أ َ ْح‬

َ َ‫سنُ ُك ْم ق‬ َ َ‫إِ َّن ِخي‬
Artinya:
“Sesungguhnya yang paling baik di antara kalian adalah yang paling baik dalam
membayar hutang.”(HR. Bukhari no. 2393)
Hadist-Hadist Tentang Hutang Piutang
Tasamuh dalam Penagihan Hutang

Dalam hadits-hadits terdahulu selain diterangkan fadhilah tasamuh dalam pembayaran

hutang juga sudah diterangkan fadhilah tasamuh dalam penagihan hutang. Karena itu,
diharapkan pihak yang berhutang supaya berlaku longgar (bermurah hati) dan tidak
melakukan pemaksaan ketika melakukan penagihan. Orang yang berlaku longgar dikasihi
Allah sebagaimana dijelaskan oleh Rasulullah:

ُ‫ع ْنه‬ َ َ‫س َر أَ ْو ِلي‬

َ ‫ض ْع‬ َّ ُ‫ب أَ ْن يُ ِظلَّه‬
ِ ‫َّللاُ ع ََّز َو َج َّل فِى ِظ ِل ِه فَ ْليُ ْن ِظ ِر ا ْل ُم َْع‬ َّ ‫َم ْن أَ َح‬
Artinya:
“Barang siapa ingin mendapatkan naungan Allah ‘azza wa jalla, hendaklah dia memberi
tenggang waktu bagi orang yang mendapat kesulitan untuk melunasi hutang atau bahkan dia
membebaskan utangnya tadi.” (HR. Ahmad. Syaikh Syu’aib Al Arnauth mengatakan bahwa
hadits ini shohih)
Hadist-Hadist Tentang Hutang Piutang

Mati Meninggalkan Hutang

Orang yang mati dalam keadaan berhutang, maka hendaklah keluarga si mayat berusaha
membereskannya. Karena apabila tidak dilunasi hutangnya, niscaya si mayat akan
mengalami kesulitan-kesulitan di akhirat. Rasulullah SAW bersabda:

ٍ ‫يُ ْغفَ ُر ِللش َِّهي ِد ُك ُّل َذ ْن‬

‫ب ِإلَّ ال َّد ْي َن‬

Artinya:
“Orang yang mati syahid maka akan diampuni dosanya kecuali orang yang memiliki hutang.”
(HR. Muslim)
Gadai

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