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PENGERTIAN
Bioteknologi adalh cabng ilmu yang
mempelajari pemanfaatan makhluk
hidup (bakteri, virus fungi, dan lain-
lain) maupun produk dari makhluk
hidup (enzim, alkohol) dalam
proses produksi untuk
menghasilkan barang dan jasa.
CIRI UTAMA
BIOTEKNOLOGI
Adanya agen biologi berupa
01 mikroorganisme, tumbuhan atau
hewan
Sifatnya tetap.
TEMPE YOGURT
KEJU
MODERN
PowerPoint Presentation
Kultur jaringan merupakan teknik
perbanyakan tanaman dengan cara
mengisolasi bagian tanaman seperti daun,
mata tunas, serta menumbuhkan bagian-
bagian tersebut dalam media buatan
secara aseptik yang kaya nutrisi dan zat
pengatur tumbuh dalam wadah tertutup
yang tembus cahaya sehingga bagian
tanaman dapat memperbanyak diri dan
bergenerasi menjadi tanaman lengkap.
Prinsip utama dari teknik kultur jaringan
adalah perbayakan tanaman dengan
menggunakan bagian vegetatif tanaman
menggunakan media buatan yang
dilakukan di tempat steril.
TEKNOLOGI
REPRODUKSI
KULTUR JARINGAN
PowerPoint Presentation
Bibit yang dihasilkan dari kultur jaringan
mempunyai beberapa keunggulan, antara
lain: mempunyai sifat yang identik dengan
induknya, dapat diperbanyak dalam
jumlah yang besar sehingga tidak terlalu
membutuhkan tempat yang luas, mampu
menghasilkan bibit dengan jumlah besar
dalam waktu yang singkat, kesehatan dan
mutu bibit lebih terjamin, kecepatan
tumbuh bibit lebih cepat dibandingkan
dengan perbanyakan konvensional.
TAHAPAN KULTUR JARINGAN
01 02 03 04
Pemilihan dan Inisiasi kultur Sterilisasi Your Text Here
05 06
Pemanjangan tunas, Your Text Here
Aklimatisasi
induksi, dan
perkembangan
akaar
JENIS-JENIS KULTUR JARINGAN
1. Kultur Kloroplas
Eksplan yang digunakan adalah kloroplas. Kultur ini
biasanya bertujuan untuk memperbaiki atau
membuuat varietas baru.
2. Kultur Polen
Eksplan yang digunakan adalah serbuk sari.
3. Kultur Protoplas
Eksplan yang digunakan adalah sel jaringan hidup
tapa dinding sel
4. Kultur Meristem
Eksplan yang digunakan aalah jaringan ( akar, batang,
dan daun ) yang muda atau bersifat meristematik.
MEDIA KULTUR JARINGAN
Media merupakan faktor penentu dalam perbanyakan dengan kultur jaringan.
Komposisi media yang digunakan tergantung dengan jenis tanaman yang
akan diperbanyak. Media yang digunakan biasanya terdiri dari garam
mineral, vitamin, dan hormon. Selain itu, diperlukan juga bahan tambahan
seperti agar, gula, dan lain-lain. Zat pengatur tumbuh (hormon) yang
ditambahkan juga bervariasi, baik jenisnya maupun jumlahnya, tergantung
dengan tujuan dari kultur jaringan yang dilakukan. Media yang sudah jadi
ditempatkan pada tabung reaksi atau botol-botol kaca. Media yang
digunakan juga harus disterilkan dengan cara memanaskannya dengan
autoklaf
KEUNTUNGAN
PEMANFAATAN KULTUR
JARINGAN Dalam proses pembibitan bebas dari gang
guan hama, penyakit, dan deraan lingkungan
lainnya
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PowerPoint Presentation
Kloning adalah suatu proses untuk
menghasilkan populasi yang terdiri atas
individu-indiviu yang memiliki sifat genetik
yang sama,. Proses ini di alam umum
ditemukan pada bakteri, serangga, dan
tumbuhan yang memiliki kemampuan
untuk memperbanyak diri secara
aseksual.
REKAYASA
GENETIKA
Beberapa prosedur umum pada pelaksanaan rekayasa gentika,
yaitu :
• Mengidentifikassi gen yang diinginkan.
• Mengisolasi gen donor.'
• Mengekstraksi plasmid dari sel bakteri.
• Membuka plsmid dan menyisipkan potongan DNA
pembawa informasi sesuai dengan yang dikehendaki.
• Memasukkan plasmid berisi DNA rekombinan ke dalam sel
bakteri.
• Membiakkan bakteri yang tekayasa di dalam tabung
fermentasi.
BEBERAPA UNSUR PENTING REKAYASA GENETIKA
i
Pemiindahan sifat-sifat
molekul DNA yang te Untuk memoton
dari suatu mikroba ke
rdapat pada bakteri a g DNA dan men
mikroba lainnya melalu
tau eukariot bersel s gambil gen-gen t
i bagian-bagian DNA te
atu, berbentuk kecil y ertenut. Enzim i
rtentu dkroba satu ke
ang bereplikasi. Yan ni dinamakn enz
mikroba lainnya. Salah
g berfungksi sebagai im restriksi atau
satu contohnya adalah
vektor ( pembawa ) enzim pembatas
pembuatan insulin
gen yang akan disisp .
kan.
TRANSFORMASI
ENZIM
PLASMID
ANTIBIOTIK
Mikroorganisme penghasil
antibiotik dikembangbiakkan. Dari cairan biakan itu, antibitik
diekstraksi dan dimurnikan.
Your Text Here
VAKSIN
Untuk melindungi atau mencegah tubuh dari
serangan penyakit. Secara konvensional vaksin
dibuat dari mikroorganisme (bakteri atau virus) yang
dilemahkan atau toksin yang dihasilkan oleh
mikroorganisme tersebut. Akan tetapi, vaksin yang
dihaslikan kurang aman dan dapat menimbulkan
efek yang merugikan.
EFEK MERUGIKAN
1.
Mikroorgansime yang digunakan untuk
mebuat vaksin kemungkinan masih
melanjutkan proses reproduksi
2.
Mikroorgansime yang digunakan untuk m
kemungkinan masih memiliki kemampuan
menyebabkan penyakit.
3.
Ada orang yang alergi terhadap sisa-sisa sel dari
reproduksi vaksin.
MEDIA KULTUR JARINGAN
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