Analisis Kualitatif

golongan obat
Antibiotik
Kelompok 1;
Ghiesta Nurshaelawaty
Putri Diah Ayu A.
Reza Pratama Saputra
 Pengertian
Antibiotik adalah zat yang dihasilkan mikroorganisme tertentu ( terutama jamur),
yang berkhasiat untuk melumpuhkan atau mematikan mikroorganisme lain.

Golongan Antibiotik :
 Tertrasiklin
 Makrolid
 Linkomsin
 Tetrasiklin

Merupakan salah satu obat antimikroba yang menghambat

sintesis protein mikroba. Untuk kehidupannya, sel mikroba
perlu mensintesis berbagai protein.

Rumus : C22H24N2O8
 Identifikasi kualitatif

01 Serbuk hablur,berwarna kuning, tidak berbau

Kelarutan
02 Sangat sukar larut dalam air,larut dalam 50 bagian etanol (95%)p,praktis
tidak larut dalam kloroformp,dan dalam eter p.Larut dalam asam encer,larut
dalam alkali disertai peruraian

03 Reaksi identifikasi
Reaksi identifikasi Tetrasiklin

 Zat + H2SO4 pekat :merah ungu,jika+air : kuning tua

 Reaksi Marquis : zat +formalin: H2SO4 pekat : merah
anggur
 Reaksi Frohde : zat+Ammonium Molibdat+H2SO4 pekat:
Merah Anggur
 Zat + aqua bromate:Endapan kuning
 Zat + ammonium molibdat : biru hitam
 Golongan Tetrasiklin
1. Oxytetrasiklin : Serbuk hablur; kuning;
tidak berbau; rasa pahit;higroskopis
Identifikasi : Pada 1ml larutan 0,5% b/v,
tambahkan 2 tetes campuran 1 bagian
volume larutan besi (III) klorida p dan 9
bagian volume etanol (96%)p; terjadi warna
coklat tua

2.Klortetrasiklin : Hablur; kuning; tidak

berbau; rasa pahit
Identifikasi : Pada 0,5 mg tambahkan 2ml
asam sulfat p.terjadi warna biru tua yang
kemudian menjadi hijau
kebiruan.Tambahkan 1ml air;terjadi warna
coklat
 Antibiotik Makrolida

Makrolida adalah salah satu kelas poliketida.Makrolida

merupakan sekelompok obat (khususnya antibiotik) yang
aktivitasnya disebabkan karena keberadaan cincin
makrolida, cincin lakton besar yang berikatan dengan satu
atau lebih gula deoksi,biasanya cladinose dan desosamine.
Cincinlaktonnya biasanya tersusun dari 14-, 15-, atau 16-
atom.
 Golongan Makrolida

1. Erytromisin : Serbuk hablur; putih atau

agak kuning; tidak berbau atau praktis
tidak berbau
Identifikasi :Pada lebih kurang 5
mgtambahkan 2ml asam sulfat p,kocok
perlahan-lahan;terjadi warna coklat merah

2. Azitromycin : Serbuk; hablur; putih

Identifikasi :spektru serapan inframerah
zat telah didispersikan dalam kalium
bromide p, menunjukkan maksimu
hanya pada bilangan gelombang yang
sama seperti pada Azitromicin BPFI
 Linkomisin
Linkomisin adalah antibiotik lincosamide yang berasal dari
actinomycete Streptomyces lincolnensis. Klindamisin, yang
merupakan senyawa yang terkait dengan linkomisin,
diturunkan dari linkomisin dengan menggunakan tionil klorida
untuk menggantikan gugus 7-hidroksi dengan atom klorin
dengan inversi kiral. Obat ini diakui pada penggunaan medis
pada bulan September 1964.

Rumus : C18H34N2O6S
 Linkomisin
Serbuk hablur, warna putih atau praktis putih; tidak
berbau atau berbau lemah; stabil terhadap pengaruh
Pemerian udara dan cahaya. Larutan bersifat asam dan
memutar bidang polarisasi ke kanan.

Mudah larut dalam air; larut dalam

Kelarutan dimetilformamida; sangat sukar larut dalam aseton

Spektrum serapan inframerah zat yang didisperikan

dalam minyak mineral P, menunjukkan maksimum
Identifikasi hanya pada bilangan gelombang yang sama seperti
pada Linkomisin Hidroklorida BPFI
 Klindamisin
Serbuk hablur; putih atau praktis putih; tidak berbau
atau bau lemah seperti merkaptan. Stabil di udara
Pemerian dan cahaya. Larutan bersifat asam dan memutar
bidang polarisasi ke kanan.

Mudah larut dalam air, dalam dimetilformamida dan

Kelarutan dalam metanol; larut dalam etanol; praktis tidak
larut dalam aseton.
 Identifikasi klindamisin

1. Spektrum serapan inframerah zat yang didisperikan dalam minyak

mineral P, menunjukkan maksimum hanya pada bilangan gelombang
yang sama seperti pada Klindamisin Hidroklorida BPFI.

2. Waktu retensi puncak utama kromatogram Larutan uji sesuai

dengan Larutan baku seperti yang diperoleh pada Penetapan kadar.
9h 55m 23s
Is Jupiter's rotation period

333,000.000
Earths is the Sun’s mass
Organelles Found in the Cytoplasm

Ribosomes Lysosomes
It’s the biggest planet Despite being red,
of them all Mars is a cold place

Vacuoles Peroxisomes
It’s a gas giant and Venus is the second
has several rings planet from the Sun
 Cell Functions

Mars Mercury
Despite being red, is It’s the smallest
a cold place planet of them all

Venus Jupiter
Venus has a beautiful It’s a gas giant and
name has several rings
02
Animal and Plant
Cells
Enter a subtitle here if you need it
 Cellular Study Process

01 02 03

Theories Practice Studies

Mercury is the smallest Venus is the second Despite being red, Mars
planet of them all planet from the Sun is a cold place

04 05 06
Materials Observations Results
Earth is the third planet Saturn is a gas giant and Jupiter is the biggest
from the Sun has several rings planet of them all
 Cellular Process

Animal Cell
Despite being red, it’s
actually a cold place

Plant Cell Mutation

Venus is the second It’s the closest planet to
planet from the Sun the Sun
 Differences between:

Animals Cells Plants Cells

● Here you can state one of
your qualities
● Here you can state one of
your qualities
● Here you can state one of
your qualities
● Here you can state one of
your qualities
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 “This is a quote, words full of wisdom
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A picture is worth a
thousand words
 Particular Characteristics of Cells

Plants Cells
Venus has a beautiful name
and is the second planet
from the Sun

Animals Cells
It’s the closest planet to the
Sun and the smallest one in
the Solar System
 Parts of the Animal Cell

Nucleus Mitochondria
Despite being red, it’s It’s the closest planet to
actually a cold place the Sun

Cytoplasm Membrane
Venus is the second Earth is the planet
planet from the Sun where we live on
 Parts of the Plant Cell

Nucleus Cell Wall

Despite being red, is It’s the closest planet to
actually a cold place the Sun

Mitochondria Membrane
Venus is the second Jupiter is the biggest
planet from the Sun planet of them all

Cytoplasm Vacuole Chloroplast

Neptune is very far Earth is the planet Saturn is a gas giant
away from Earth where we live on and has rings
 Functions of the Cell Parts
Cell Structure Function (Job)
Cell Structure Function (Job)
Mercury is the smallest
Nucleus
planet It’s the biggest planet
Cell Wall
in the Solar System
Venus is the second
Cytoplasm
planet from the Sun It’s now considered a
Chloroplast
dwarf planet
Despite being red,
Cell Surface membrane
Mars is cold It’s located in the main
Vacuole
asteroid belt
Saturn is a gas giant
Mitochondria
and has rings
 Cytoplasmic Organelles

55%
35% 75%

Golgi Liposomes Mitochondria

Venus is the second planet It’s the closest planet to Despite being red, Mars is
from the Sun the Sun and the smallest a cold place
 Main Cells Studies

Mars Venus Jupiter

Despite being red, it’s Venus is the second It’s the biggest planet
a cold place planet from the Sun of them all

Mercury Saturn Neptune

It’s the closest planet Saturn is a gas giant It’s the farthest planet
to the Sun and has rings from the Sun
 Materials Timetable

Objets 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00

Not used Used

 The Most Important Laboratories

Saturn Neptune
It’s a gas giant and It’s the farthest planet
has several rings from the Sun

Venus Mars
Venus is the second Mars is actually a
planet from the Sun very cold place
 Percentages

20% Mars
Mars is actually a
very cold place

80% Venus
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then
paste the new one here. For more info, click here
150,000
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
 Studies Follow-ups
Study 1 Study 2 Study 3

Mercury Mars Neptune

It’s the closest planet Despite being red, It’s the farthest planet
to the Sun Mars is a cold place from the Sun

Venus Jupiter Saturn

It’s the second planet Jupiter is the biggest It’s composed of
from the Sun planet hydrogen & helium
 Studies Steps

Mercury Venus
Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful
planet to the Sun name, but it’s hot

Mars Neptune
Despite being red, Mars is It’s the farthest planet
actually cold from the Sun
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