Regulasi Sistem Percernaan
Regulasi Sistem Percernaan
Biomed
Departemen Fisiologi FK USU
2
Aktivitas GIT :
Motilitas
Sekresi
Digesti
Absorbsi
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GIT NEURAL
CONTROL
8
Terdiri dari :
- Divisi parasimpatetik
- Divisi simpatetik
- Enteric Nervous System (ENS)
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Parasimpatetik
N. Vagus & N.pelvik
Neuron preganglionik panjang; postganglionik
pendek, bersinaps dengan neuron ENS
Stimulasi eksitasi aktivitas ENS
Mengandung serat sensori aferen (80 %)
N.Vagus bersinaps ke neuron ENS di esophagus,
lambung,usus halus, sebagian kolon, kandung
empedu, & pankreas
N.Pelvik bersinaps dengan ENS di usus besar
Neurotransmitter : Ach
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Parasympathetic
Nervous System
Craniosacral
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Simpatetik
Sympathetic
Nervous
System
Thoracolumbar
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GIT HORMONAL
CONTROL
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GIT
NEURAL
HORMONAL CONTROL
INTEGRATION
3 tipe refleks GI :
1. Refleks yang terintegrasi seluruhnya di dinding GIT (ENS):
mengatur sekresi dan motilitas secara lokal.
2. Refleks dari GIT ke ganglia prevertebral simpatetik
kembali ke GIT. Sehingga respon terjadi di bagian lain GIT.
Misal : r.gastrokolik, r.enterogastrik, & r.kolonoileal.
3. Refleks dari GIT ke spinal cord atau batang otak
kembali ke GIT.
Misalnya : (1) refleks dari lambung & duodenum ke Bt.otak,
kembali melalui N.Vagus untuk mengatur aktivitas sekresi
dan motorik lambung. (2)refleks nyeri yang mengakibatkan
inhibisi GIT.(3)refleks defekasi.
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Nerves
Reflex or
Hormone
secretion
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a. Slow Waves
Bukan potensial aksi, fluktuasi depolarisasi dan repolarisasi .
Amplitudo 5-15 mV
GIT.
Origin of slow waves. They may originate
in the interstitial cells of Cajal (the GI
pacemaker), which are abundant in the
myenteric plexues. These interstitial
cells form a network with each other and
are interposed between the smooth
muscle layers, with synaptic-like
contacts to smooth muscle cells.
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b. Spike Potential
Peristalsis
Penjalaran gelombang
mendorong bolus
Segmentasi
Gerakan mencampur
dan mengaduk bolus.
Mass movements
Peristaltik haustra
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Relaxation Reflexes
Gastric Reservoir
Figure 24.15b
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Histamine
released by
mucosal cells
called
histaminocytes
acts through
cyclic AMP
(cAMP)
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Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Figure 24.15c
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Secretin
Acidity in intestines induces
Secretin release
Secretin releases pancreatic
Sodium Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
CCK
Fats and proteins induce CCK
release
CCK releases pancreatic
digestive enzymes
GIP
Fatty acids and sugar causes
induce GIP release
GIP induces insulin release
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The rectum is
usually empty, but
when feces are
forced into it by
mass
movements,
stretching of the
rectal walls
initiates the
defecation reflex
72
This is a spinal
cord mediated
reflex that causes
the walls of the
sigmoid colon and
the rectum to
contract and the
anal sphincters to
relax
73
Distension or
stretch of the
rectal walls
triggers a
depolarization of
sensory
(afferent) fibers
which synapse
with the spinal
cord
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Parasympathetic
motor (efferent)
fibers, in turn,
stimulate
contraction of the
rectal walls and
relaxation of the
internal anal
sphincter
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If it is convenient to
defecate, voluntary
signals stimulate
the relaxation of
the external anal
sphincter
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