Yuk… Belajar daring

BAB II
LAMBANG UNSUR,
RUMUS KIMIA
DAN
DAN PERSAMAAN REAKSI
KIMIA

Nur Azizah, S.Pd

TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN
1 Setelah diskusi, siswa dapat menjelaskan dan menuliskan
lambang unsur dengan benar.

2 Setelah diskusi, siswa dapat menuliskan rumus kimia dengan

benar.

3 Setelan diskusi, siswa dapat menuliskan dan menyetarakan

persamaan reaksi dengan benar.
LAMBANG U
NSUR
Penulisan Lambang Unsur
 Lambang Unsur
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Untuk memudahkan mengingat dan menuliskan senyawa kimia, pada tahun 1813 Jons Jacob

Berzelius mengusulkan pemberian lambang berupa huruf untuk masing-masing unsur.

 LAMBANG UNSUR

Penulisan Lambang unsur terdiri dari satu huruf besar atau satu huruf besar diikuti

huruf kecil. Beberapa lambang unsur diambil dari huruf pertama unsur
Lambang tersebut, misalnya nitrogen (N), oksigen (O), hidrogen (H). Mengapa emas

Unsur diberi lambang Au? Au berasal dari nama latin dari emas “Aurum”. Fe

merupakan lambang unsur besi yang diambil dari “Ferum”, Ag merupakan

lambang perak

yang diambil dari kata “Argentum”. Penulisan lambang unsur selengkapnya

dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1.

Aturan dalam menuliskan lambang unsur:
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01 02
Jika suatu unsur dilambangkan lebih satu
Jika suatu unsur
huruf, maka huruf pertama menggunakan
dilambangkan dengan
huruf kapital dan huruf berikutnya
satu huruf, maka harus
menggunakan huruf kecil,
digunakan huruf kapital,
misalnya seng (Zn),
misalnya
emas (Au),
oksigen (O),
tembaga (Cu).
hidrogen (H),
Kobalt dilambangkan Co, bukan CO.
karbon (C).
 Unsur-unsur yang sudah ditemukan
Contoh :

Nama Lambang Unsur Nama Lambang Unsur

Hidrogen H Nitrogen N

Helium He Oksigen O

Lithium Li Fluorin F

Berilium Be Neon Ne

Boron B Natrium Na

Karbon C Ferrum Fe
 Penulisan Rumus KImia

Rumus Rumus kimia dinyatakan dengan lambang unsur dan angka indeks.

Kimia Lambang unsur menunjukkan jenis unsur sedangkan angka indeks

menunjukkan jumlah atau perbandingan atom-atom unsur.

Angka indeks ditulis sebagai subskrip setelah lambang unsur.

Rumus kimia dibedakan menjadi rumus molekul dan rumus empiris.

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H2SO4
H = Lambang unsur Hidrogen (H)
S = Lambang unsur Sulfur (S)
O = Lambang unsur Oksigen (O)

2 = Angka indeks H
4 = Angka indeks O
 Contoh Rumus molekul
Senyawa Rumus molekul Kegunaan

Asam asetat CH3COOH cuka makan

Amoniak NH3 pupuk

Asam askorbat C6H8O6 vitamin C

Kalsium karbonat CaCO3 bahan bangunan

Soda kue NaHCO3 membuat roti

Karbon dioksida CO2 penyegar minuman

 Lambang Unsur

Rumus empiris adalah rumus kimia yang menyatakan perbandingan atom-atom

yang paling kecil (sederhana). Glukosa mempunyai rumus molekul C6H12O6 dengan perbandingan

C: H: O = 6: 12: 6. Perbandingan ini dapat disederhanakan menjadi C: H: O = 3: 6: 3. Perbandingan

tersebut masih dapat disederhanakan lagi menjadi C: H: O = 1: 2: 1. Perbandingan ini merupakan

perbandingan yang paling kecil, sehingga rumus empiris dari glukosa adalah CH2O.
 Contoh Rumus Empiris
Nama Rumus Moleklul Rumus Empiris

Butana C4H10 C2H5

Butena C4H8 CH2

Butuna C4H6 C2H3

Aspirin C9H8O4 C9H8O4

cuka CH3COOH CH2O

 Contoh Rumus Empiris
Senyawa Rumus molekul Kegunaan

Asam asetat CH3COOH cuka makan

Amoniak NH3 pupuk

Asam askorbat C6H8O6 vitamin C

Kalsium karbonat CaCO3 bahan bangunan

Soda kue NaHCO3 membuat roti

Karbon dioksida CO2 penyegar minuman

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TATA
Penamaan senyawa biner Tata nama senyawa biner
NAMA : logam dan nonlogam yang terbentuk dari Non-
Logam dan Non-Logam

SENYAWA Tuliskan nama unsur logam

Jumlah unsur pertama dituliskan
tanpa modifikasi, diikuti nama lebih dahulu, diikuti dengan

BINER unsur nonlogam dan

menambahkan akhiran “ida”
nama
pertama.
unsur Non-Logam

Example :
Kemudian, menuliskan jumlah unsur
NaCl : Natrium Klorida
Li2O : Litium Oksida kedua, diikuti dengan nama
NaBr : Natrium Bromida unsur Non-Logam kedua
CsI : Cesium Iodida
BaCl2 : Barium Klorida dengan diberi akhiran ida.
Jumlah unsur akan dinyatakan
dalam bahasa Yunani.
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