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SENI RUPA ISLAM DI INDONESIA
01 SENI BANGUNAN
• Masjid
• Makam dan Nisan
• Istana
02 SENI HIAS
• Seni Ukir
• Seni Kaligrafi
• Seni Wayang
1. Seni Ukir
Seni pahat atau seni relief yang menggunakan
motif-motif hias. Pada masa islam motif hias
yang digunakan adalah motif tumbuh-
tumbuhan dan terkadang huruf atau tulisan
arab. Motif hewan dan manusia tidak
digunakan sebagai motif hias karena adanya
larangan dalam ajaran islam untuk menggamb
arkannya.
Seni hias islam selalu menghindari
penggambaran makhluk hidup secara realis,
maka untuk penyamarannya dibuatkan stilasiny
a (digayakan) atau diformasi (disederhanakan)
dengan bentuk tumbuh – tumbuhan.
Terdapat suluran tumbuh-
tumbuhan dan ragam hias yang
terdapat suluran berbentuk
manusia atau hewan yang
distilir. Misalnya di Masjid
Cirebon yang terdapat pahatan
berbentuk harimau.
Tradisi Islam tidak menggambarkan
bentuk manusia atau hewan. Seni ukir
relief yang menghiasi Masjid, Makam
Islam, berupa sulur-suluran tumbuhan,
namun terjadi sinkrishtisme, agar di
dapat keserasian.
Contohnya, ditengah ragam hias suluran
terdapat bentuk kera yang disamarkan.
2. Seni Kaligrafi
Yaitu seni corak Islam asli yang menggunakan huruf Arab sebagai unsur utama.
Seni ini dapat ditemukan pada bangunan masjid, batu nisan, istana/keraton raja,
dsb. Seni kaligrafi atau seni khat adalah seni tulisan indah. Dalam kesenian Islam
menggunakan bahasa arab. Sebagai bentuk simbolis dari rangkaian ayat – ayat
suci Al – Qur’an
MACAM SENI KALIGRAFI
Berdasarkan fungsinya seni kaligrafi dibedakan menjadi, yaitu:
1.
a) Kaligrafi terapan
berfungsi sebagai
dekorasi / hiasan
2. 3.
b) Kaligrafi piktural c) Kaligrafi ekspresi
berfungsi sebagai berfungsi sebagai media ungk
pembentuk gambar apan perasaan
seperti kaligrafi karya AD. Pire
us dan Ahmad Sadeli
3. SENI WAYANG
Yaitu wayang sebenarnya telah ada pada masa kerajaan Majapahit yang menggunakan bahan kulit kayu waru,
dengan bentuk yang bersifat realistis. Wayang pada masa Islam telah mengalami perubahan yang disesuaikan
dengan kaidah-kaidah Islam. Pada Masa Sunan Kalijaga, wayang dibuat dengan kulit binatang dan bentuknya
diubah menjadi bentuk ornamentik. Bentuk ini masih berlanjut sampai sekarang di Jawa.
Section Break
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