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ALGORITMA GENETIKA
Fadhilah Ilham Pratama - 11180910000104
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PENDAHULUAN
 PENDAHULUAN
Algoritma genetika terinspirasi dari prinsip genetika dan seleksi alam (teor evolusi Darwin)
yg ditemukan di Universitas Michigan, AS, oleh John Holland pada tahun 1975.
melalui sebuah penelitian dan dipopulerkan oleh salah satu muridnya, David Goldberg.
Konsep dasar algoritma genetika sebenarnya dirancang untuk menyimulasikan proses-proses
dalam sistem alam yg diperlukan untuk evolusi, khususnya teori evolusi alam
yg dicetuskan oleh Charles Darwin, yaitu survival of the fittest.
Menurut teori ini, di alam terjadi persaingan antara individu-individu
untuk memperebutkan sumber daya alam yg langka
sehingga makhluk yang kuat mendominasi makhluk yg lebih lemah.
Algoritma genetika adalah teknik pencarian heuristik yg didasarkan pada gagasan evolusi
seleksi alam dan genetik.
Algoritma ini memanfaatkan proses seleksi alamiah yang dikenal dgn proses evolusi,
“hanya individu-individu yang kuat yang mampu bertahan”. Proses seleksi alamiah ini
melibatkan perubahan gen yang terjadi pada individu melalui proses perkembangbiakan.
proses perkembangbiakan ini menjadi proses dasar yang menjadi perhatian utama,
dengan dasar berpikir: “Bagaimana mendapatkan keturunan yang lebih baik”.
Algoritma genetika ini ditemukan oleh John Holland dan dikembangkan
oleh muridnya David Goldberg.
 Permasalahan yang Membutuhkan
Algoritma Genetika
1. Ruang pencarian sangat besar, kompleks atau krg dipahami.

2. Tidak ada pengetahuan yg memadai utk menyederhanakan ruang pencarian yg sgt

besar mjd ruang pencarian yg lebih sempit.

3. Tidak ada analisis matematis yg bisa menangani ketika metode konvensional gagal
menyelesaikan masalah yg dihadapi.

4. Solusi yg dihasilkan tidak harus optimal, asal sudah memenuhi kriteria sudah bisa
diterima.

5.Mempunyai kemungkinan solusi yg jumlahnya tak hingga.

6. Membutuhkan solusi “real-time”, yaitu solusi yg bisa didapatkan dgn cepat shg dpt
diimplementasikan utk permasalahan yg mempunyai perubahan yg cepat.
 Aplikasi Algoritma
Genetika
Algoritma genetika telah digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah dan pemodelan di bidang
teknik, bisnis dan hiburan, termasuk:

1. Optimasi: algoritma genetika banyak digunakan dalam berbagai tugas optimasi,

termasuk optimasi numerik, dan masalah-masalah optimasi kombinatorial seperti
Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), desain sirkuit, Job Shop Scheduling dan optimasi
video & kualitas suara.
2. Pemrograman Otomatis: algoritma genetika telah digunakan untuk berevolusi
terhadap program komputer untuk melakukan tugas-tugas yang spesifik dan
merancang struktur komputasi lain, misalnya selular automata dan sorting networking.
3. Machine Learning: algoritma genetika banyak digunakan untuk aplikasi mesin-
learning, termasuk klasifikasi dan prediksi struktur protein. Algoritma genetika juga
telah digunakan untuk merancang jst dan untuk mengendalikan robot.
4. Model ekonomi : algoritma genetika telah digunakan utk memodelkan proses inovasi,
pengembangan strategi penawaran dan munculnya pasar ekonomi.
 Aplikasi Algoritma
Genetika
5. Model Sistem Imunisasi: algoritma genetika telah digunakan utk memodelkan berbagai
aspek sistem kekebalan tubuh alami, termasuk mutasi somatik selama masa hidup
individu dan menemukan keluarga dg gen ganda selama evolusi.
6. Model ekologi:algoritma genetika telah digunakan utk memodelkan fenomena ekologi
seperti host-parasite co-evolution, simbiosis dan arus sumber daya dlm ekologi.
7. Interaksi antara evolusi dan pembelajaran : algoritma genetika telah digunakan utk
mempelajari bagaimana individu belajar dan memengaruhi proses evolusi suatu spesies
satu sama lain.
 Beberapa Pengertian Dasar
1. Gen (genotype) adalah variabel dasar yg membentuk suatu kromosom. Dalam
algoritma genetika, gen ini bs bernilai biner, float,integer maupun karakter.
2. Allele adalah nilai dari suatu gen, bisa berupa biner,float,integer maupun karakter.
3. Kromosom adalah gabungan dari gen-gen yg membentuk arti tertentu. Ada beberapa
macam bentuk kromosom, yaitu :
Kromosom biner adalah kromosom yang disusun dari gen-gen yangg bernilai biner.
Kromosom ini mempunyai tingkat ketelitian yangg diharapkan. Kromosom ini bagus
bila digunakan untuk permasalahan yang parameter dan range nilainya tertentu.
Kromosom float adalah kromosom yg disusun dari gen-gen yang bernilai pecahan,
termasuk gen yang bernilai bulat. Kromosom ini mirip model yang jumlah
parameternya banyak. Tingkat keberhasilan dari kromosom ini rendah dalam
kecepatan (jumlah kecepatan)
Kromosom string yaitu kromosom yang disusun dari gen-gen yang bernilai string
Kromosom kombinatorial yaitu kromosom yang disusun dari gen-gen yang dinilai
berdasarkan urutannya.
 Beberapa Pengertian Dasar
4. Individu adalah kumpulan gen, bisa dikatakan sama dengan kromosom. Individu menyatakan salah
satu kemungkinan solusi dari suatu permasalahan
5. Populasi adalah sekumpulan individu yang akan diproses secara bersama-sama dalam satu siklus
proses evolusi
6. Generasi menyatakan satu satuan siklus proses evolusi
7. Nilai fitness menyatakan seberapa baik nilai dari suatu individu atau solusi yg didapatkan. Nilai
inilah yg dijadikan acuan untuk mencapai nilai optimal. Algoritma genetika bertujuan untuk mencari
individu yang mempunyai nilai fitness yang palig optimal (bisa maksimum atau minimum,
tergantung pada kebutuhan)
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