MUSKULUS

EKSTREMITAS
SUPERIOR
By: Intan Oktari
Otot-otot ventral bahu
1. M. Pectoralis Major
Origo: pars clavicu;aris: setengah sternal clavicular
pars strenoclavicularis: manubrium dan
corpus sterni
pars abdominalis: lamina anterior recti
abdominalis
Insersi: crista tuberculi major os humerus
Innervasi: N. pectoralis (C8-T1)
Fungsi: adduksi, inernal rotasi, fleksi dan ekstensi
sendi bahu
 Otot-otot ventral bahu
1. M. Pectoralis Minor
Origo: costae 3-5
Insersi: ujung procesuss coracoideus
os scapula
Innervasi: N.Pectoralis medial dan
lateral
Fungsi: otot bantu pernapasan serta
stabilisasi scapula pada dinding
dada.
2. M. Subclavius
Origo: costal cartilage dan ujung costae 1
Insersi: sulcus musculi subclavian os clavicular
Innervasi: N.Subclavius (C4-C6)
Fungsi: menjaga stabilitas Articulatio
sternoclavicularis,
3. M. Serratus Anterior
Origo: pars superior: costae 1 dan 2
pars media: costae 2-3
pars inferior: costae 4-9
Insersi: pars superior: angulus superior scapula
pars media: margo medialis scapula
pars inferior: angulus inferior scapula
Innervasi: N. Thoracicus longus
Fungsi: mengangkat scapula, depresi scapula
Insersi: pars denscendens: 1/3 acromial clavicular
pars transversal: acromion
pars ascendens: spina scapula
Innervasi: n.assesorius
Fungsi : Menarik scapula ke atas
2. m. levator scapulae
Origo: tubercula posterior proc. Transversum pada
vertebrae cervicalis ke 1-4
Insersi : angulus superior
Fungsi: mengangkat scapula
3. M. rhomboideus minor
Origo: proc. Spinosus pada vertebrae cervicalis 6-7
Insersi: margo medialis scapulae di sebelah kranial
spina scapula
Fungsi: menarik scapula ke medial dan kranial
4. M.rhomboideus major
Origo: proc. Spinosus di 4 vertebrae thoracal superior
Insersi: margo medialis scapula
Fungsi: menarik scapula ke medial dan ke superior
Otot-otot gelang bahu / superfisial
punggung
1. M. Trapezius
Origo: pars descendens: os occipitalis dan
proc. Spinosus pada vertebrae cervicalis
pars transversal: proc. Spinosus pada
vertebrae cervicalis inferior dan thoracica
superior
pars ascendens: proc. Spinosus pada vert
thoracica medial dan inferior
5. M. latisimmus dorsi
Origo: proc. Spinosus pada 6 vertebrae
thoracica inferior dan lumbalis, fascia thoracolumbal,
fascies dorsalis os sacrum
Insersi: crista tuberculi minoris
Fungsi: adduksi, rotasi medial, dan retroversi sendi bahu
Otot-otot lateral bahu
1. M. deltoideus
Origo: pars clavicularis: 1/3 acromial clavicular
pars acromialis: acromion
pars spinalis: spina scapulae
Insersi: tuberositas deltoid os humerus
Innervasi: n.axilaris (C5,C6)
Fungsi: adduksi dan abduksi
2. M.supraspinatus
Origo: fossa supraspinata
Insersi: permukaan superior tuberculum majus
Innervasi: n. suprascapular
Fungsi: menginisiasi abduksi dan rotasi lateral
Otot-otot dorsal bahu
1. M. infraspinatus
origo: fossa infraspinata
Insersi: margo medial tuberculum majus
Fungsi: rotasi lateral
Innervasi: n. suprascapular
2. M. teres minor
Origo: 1/3 medial margo lateralis
Insersi: margo inferior tuberculum majus
Fungsi: rotasi eksternal
Innervasi: nervus axillaris
3. M. teres major
Origo: angulus inferior
Insersi: crista tuberculi minoris sebelah
medial M. latismus dorsi
Fungsi : rotasi medial. adduksi
4. M. subscapularis
Origo: fossa subscapularis
Insersi: tuberclum minus
Fungsi: stabilisasi gelang bahu dan rotasi medial
Otot-otot flexor brachial
1. M. biceps brachii
Origo:caput longum: tuberculum supraglenoid
caput brevis: ujung proc. Coracoideus
os scapula
Insersi: tuberositas radii os radius
Fungsi: abduksi, fleksi sendi bahu
2. m. coracobrachialis
Origo: proc. Coracoideus os scpula
Insersi: facies anterior humeri di sebelah
mediodistalis crista tuberculi minoris
Fungsi: rotasi medial, adduksi sendi bahu
3. m. brachialis
Origo: facies anterior distal os humerus
Insersi: tuberositas ulnae os ulna
Fungsi: fleksi maksimal sendi siku
Innervasi: n. muskulokutaneus dan n. radialis
 Otot-otot ekstensor brachial
1. m. triceps brachii
Origo: caput longum: tuberculum
infraglenoidale
caput medial: facies posterior humeri di
sebelah medial dan distal sulcus nervi radialis
caput lateral: facies posterior humeri di
lateral dan proksimal sulcus nervi radialis
Insersi: olecranon
Fungsi: adduksi sendi bahu
2. m. anconeus
Origo: epicondylus lateralis os humerus
Insersi: facies posterior ulnae tepat di
sebelah distal olecranon
Fungsi: ekstensi sendi siku
 Otot-otot fleksor superfisial antebrachii
1. M. pronator teres
Origo: caput humerale: epikondylus
medialis os humerus
caput ulnare: proc. Coracoideus os
ulna
Insersi: 1/3 medial facies lateralis radii os
ulna
Fungsi: pronasi dan fleksi sendi siku
2.M. flexor carpi radialis
Origo: epikondylus medialis humeri
Insersi: permukaan palmar bassis ossis metacarpi
2
Fungsi: fleksi, pronasi sendi siku serta fleksi
palmar
3. M . Palmaris longus
Origo: epincodylus medialis humeri
Insersi: aponeuroosis palmaris
Fungsi: fleksi sendi siku
Innervasi: n. medianus
4. M . Fleksor digitorum superfisialis
Origo: caput humeroulnare:epicondyus medialis
humeri dan proc. Coronoideus os ulna
caput radial: facies anterior radii
Insersi: basis phalanges medial pada digiti 2-5
Fungsi: fleksi sendi siku, fleksi dan adduksi sendi
metacarpophalangeal 2-5
5. m. fleksor carpi ulnaris
Origo: caput humerale: epicondylus medialis
humeri
caput ulnare: olecranon
Insersi: os pisiform, basis ossis metacarpi 5
dan os hamatum
Fungsi: fleksi sendi siku
 Otot-otot fleksor profundus antebrachial
1. m. fleksor digitorum profundus
Origo: 3/4 medial facies anterior ulna
Insersi: basis phalanges distalis digiti 2-5
Fungsi: fleksi palmardan fleksi metacarpal
2,3,4,5
2. m. fleksor policis longus
Origo: facies anterior radii
Insersi: basis phalanges distalis policis
Fungsi: fleksi palmar dan fleksi pholex/
jempol
3. m. pronator quadratus
Origo: ¼ distal facies anterior ulnae
Insersi: margo anterior radii
Fungsi: pronasi radioulnaris distal
 Otot ekstensor superfisialis antebrachii
1. m. ekstensor digitorum
Origo: epicondylus lateralis humeri
Insersi: aponeurosis dorsalis digiti 2-5
Fungsi: ekstensi sendi siku dan dorsofleksi
pergelangan tangan
2. m. ekstensor digiti minimi
Origo: epicondylus lateralis humeri
Insersi: aponeurosis dorsalis digit 5
Fungsi: ekstensi sendi siku, abduksi ulnar dan
dorsofleksi pergelangan tangan
3. m. ekstensor carpi ulnaris
Origo: facies posterior ulnae
Insersi: facies medial digiti 5
Fungsi: ekstensi dan abduksi ulnar
4. m. brachioradialis
Origo: margo lateralis humeri
Insersi: proksimal proc. Styloideus radii
Fungsi: fleksi sendi siku, pronasi, supinasi
5. m. ekstensor carpi radialis longus
Origo: crista superepicondylus lateralis sampai
epicondylus lateralis humeri
Insersi: permukaan dorsal basis ossis metacarpal 2
Fungsi: fleksi, pronasi sendi siku
6. m. ekstensor carpi radialis brevis
Origo: epicondylus lateralis humeri
Insersi: permukaan dorsal basis ossis
metacarpal 3
Fungsi: fleksi, pronasi sendi siku
 Otot-otot ekstensor profundus
antebrachii
1. m. supinator
Origo: epicondylus lateralis humeri, crista musculi
supinatoris ulnae
Insersi: facies anterior radii 1/3 proksimal
Fungsi: supinasi sendi radioulnaris
2. m. ekstensor pollicis longus
Origo: ½ distal facies posterior ulna
Insersi: aponeurosis dorsalis index / digiti 2
Fungsi: dorsofleksi pergelangan tangan
5. m. ekstensor pollicis brevis
Origo: facies posterior radii
Insersi: facies posterior radii
Fungsi: dorsofleksi pergelangan tangan serta
abduksi sendi carpometacarpal 2
Innervasi: n. innterosseus posterior
3. m. ekstensor indicis
Origo: ¼ distal facies posterior ulna
Insersi: aponeurosis dorsalis index/digiti 2
Fungsi: ekstensi index
4. m. abductor pollicis longus
Origo: facies posterior ulna
Insersi: basis ossis metacarpi 1
Fungsi: ekstensi polex dan abduksi
 MUSKULUS
EKSTREMITAS
INFERIOR
 Otot-otot ventral panggul
1. m. iliacus

Origin Fossa iliaca

Insertion Trochanter minor femoris
Action Articulatio coxae: Thigh/ trunk flexion
Innervation Nervus femoralis (L1-L3)
Blood supply Arteria iliolumbalis, arteria circumflexa iliaca
profunda, arteria obturatoria, arteria femoralis
 2. m. psoas major

Origin Vertebral bodies of T12-L4, intervertebral

discs between T12-L4, transverse processes
of L1-L5 vertebrae
Insertion Lesser trochanter of femur as iliopsoas
tendon
Action Hip joint: Flexion of the thigh/trunk, lateral
rotation of the thigh 
Lateral flexion of the trunk
Innervation Anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L3
Blood supply Lumbar branch of iliolumbar artery
 3. m. psoas minor

Origin  Vertebral bodies of T12 & L1 vertebrae

Insertion Iliopubic eminence, pecten pubis
Blood supply Lumbar arteries
Innervation  Anterior ramus of spinal nerve L1
Action Weak trunk flexion
 Otot-otot dorsolateral punggung
1. m. gluteus maximus

Origin Lateroposterior surface of sacrum and coccyx,

gluteal surface of ilium (behind posterior
gluteal line), thoracolumbar fascia,
Sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion Iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur
Action Hip joint: Thigh extension, thigh external
rotation, thigh abduction (superior part), thigh
adduction (inferior part)
Innervation Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Blood supply Inferior gluteal and superior gluteal arteries
2. m. gluteus medius

Origin Gluteal surface of ilium (between anterior and

posterior gluteal lines)
Insertion Lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur
Action Hip joint: Thigh abduction, thigh internal
rotation (anterior part); Pelvis stabilization
Innervation Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
Blood supply Deep branch of superior gluteal artery,
trochanteric anastomosis
3. m. gluteus minimus

Origin Gluteal surface of ilium (between anterior and

inferior gluteal lines)
Insertion Anterior aspect of greater trochanter of femur
Action Hip joint: Thigh abduction, thigh internal
rotation (anterior part); Pelvis stabilization
Innervation Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
Blood supply Superior gluteal artery, trochanteric
anastomosis
4. m. tensor fasciae latae

Origin Outer lip of anterior iliac crest, Anterior

superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Insertion Iliotibial tract
Action Hip joint: Thigh internal rotation, (Weak
abduction); Knee joint: Leg external rotation,
(Weak leg flexion/ extension); Stabilizes hip &
knee joints

Innervation Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

Blood supply Ascending branch of lateral circumflex femoral
artery
 otot-otot ventral betis
1. m. tibialis anterior
Origin Lateral surface of tibia, interosseous
membrane
Insertion Medial cuneiform bone, base of metatarsal
bone 1

Action Talocrural joint: foot dorsiflexion; subtalar joint:

foot inversion

Innervation Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

Blood supply Branches of anterior tibial artery: Anterior and

medial muscular branches; anterior tibial
recurrent, dorsalis pedis and anterior medial
malleolar arteries
Branches of posterior tibial artery: Medial
malleolar and calcaneal arteries
 2. m. ekstensor hallucis longus

Origin Middle third of medial surface of fibula,

interosseous membrane

Insertion Base of distal phalanx of great toe

Action Metatarsophalangeal and
interphalangeal joint 1: toe extension;
talocrural joint: foot dorsiflexion
Innervation Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1) 
Blood Anterior tibial artery
supply
 3. m. ekstensor digitorum longus

Origin (Proximal half of) medial surface of fibula,

lateral tibial condyle, interosseus membrane
Insertion Distal and middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Action Metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal
joints 2-5: Toe extension;
Talocrural joint: Foot dorsiflexion;
Subtalar joint: Foot eversion
Innervation Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)
Blood supply Anterior tibial, fibular, anterior lateral
malleolar, lateral tarsal, metatarsal, plantar,
and digital arteries
 Otot dorsal superfisial betis
1. m. triceps surae
Origins Gastrocnemius: 
- Lateral head: Posterolateral surface of
lateral femoral condyle; 
- Medial head: Posterior surface of medial
femoral condyle, Popliteal surface of femoral
shaft
Soleus: Soleal line, Medial border of tibia,
Head of fibula, Posterior border of fibula

Insertions Gastrocnemius: Posterior surface of

calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
Soleus: Posterior surface of calcaneus (via
calcaneal tendon)

Innervation Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

Blood supply Posterior tibial artery

Function Gastrocnemius: Foot plantar flexion

(talocrural joint); leg flexion (knee joint)
Soleus: Foot plantar flexion (talocrural joint)
 Otot medial telapak kaki
1. m. abductor hallucis

Origin Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity, flexor

retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis
Insertion Base of proximal phalanx of great toe
Action Metatarsophalangeal joint 1: Toe abduction,
toe flexion; Support of longitudinal arch of foot
Innervation Medial plantar nerve (S1-S3)
Blood supply Medial plantar and first plantar metatarsal
arteries
2. m. fleksor halucis brevis

Origin Tendon of tibialis posterior, medial cuneiform

bone, lateral cuneiform bone, cuboid bone
Insertion Lateral and medial aspects of base of
proximal phalanx of great toe
Action Metatarsophalangeal joint 1: Toe flexion; 
Support of longitudinal arch of foot
Innervation Medial plantar nerve (S1, S2)
Blood supply First metatarsal artery (plantar arch);
superficial branch of the medial plantar artery
(posterior tibial artery)
3. m. adductor halluces

Origin Oblique head: bases of metatarsal bones 2-4,

cuboid bone, lateral cuneiform bone, tendon
of fibularis longus
Transverse head: plantar
metatarsophalangeal ligaments of toes 3-5,
deep transverse metatarsal ligaments of toes
3-5
Insertion Lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx of
great toe

Action Metatarsophalangeal joint 1: Toe adduction,

toe flexion; Support of longitudinal and
transverse arches of foot

Innervation Lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)

Blood supply Medial plantar artery, lateral plantar artery,

plantar arch, plantar metatarsal arteries