Lifting Method and Equipment

Rantai Chains
CHAINS

• Pendahuluan History
• Pembuatan dan Identifikasi Manufacture and Identification
 CHAINS

• Pendahuluan History
• Pembuatan dan identifikasi Manufacture and Identification
• Penyerapan energi Energy Absorption Factor
CHAINS

• Pendahuluan History
• Pembuatan dan identifikasi Manufacture and Identification
• Penyerapan energi Energy Absorption Factor
• Perawatan rantai Care of Chains
CHAINS

• Pendahuluan History
• Pembuatan dan identifikasi Manufacture and Identification
• Penyerapan energi Energy Absorption Factor
• Perawatan rantai Care of Chains
– Perlakuan panas Heat Treatment
CHAINS

• Pendahuluan History
• Pembuatan dan identifikasi Manufacture and Identification
• Penyerapan energi Energy Absorption Factor
• Perawatan rantai Care of Chains
– Perlakuan panas Heat Treatment
– Penyimpanan Storage
CHAINS

• Pendahuluan History
• Pembuatan dan identifikasi Manufacture and Identification
• Penyerapan energi Energy Absorption Factor
• Perawatan rantai Care of Chains
– Perlakuan panas Heat Treatment
– Penyimpanan Storage
– Pemotongan rantai Cutting a Chain
 INSPECTION OF CHAINS
Seluruh rantai harus diperiksa menyeluruh dan diberi label minimal 12 bulan
sekali.Setiap rantai baik yg terpasang pada hoisting chain, atau sebagai sling,
harus diberi nomor seri yang distamping pada label logam yg melekat pada
sambungan paling ujung (end link) atau ring. All chains should be thoroughly
inspected and tagged a least every 12 months. Every chain, whether attached to a piece of
equipment as a hoisting chain, or used as a sling, are to be given a Serial No, which can be
stamped on a metal tag attached to the end link or ring
INSPECTION OF CHAINS

SEMUA RANTAI YANG

DISIMPAN HARUS
DIPERIKSA SEBELUM
DIGUNAKAN

ALL STORED CHAINS ARE TO BE

INSPECTED IMMEDIATELY PRIOR
TO USE
KERUSAKAN DAMAGE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
• MENGALAMI PEMANJANGAN ELONGATION
– Sambungan-sambungan yang meregang menunjukkan bahwa rantai
telah menerima beban berlebih. Links that have been stretched indicate that
the chain has been overloaded

NO MORE
THAN 10% IS
PERMITTED
KERUSAKAN DAMAGE
• External Wear
– Disebabkan oleh rantai dibawa ke
tempat kerja dg cara diseret
sepanjang lantai atau menarik
rantai dengan beban yg masih
menindih. Caused by dragging chains
along the ground or from under a load

External Wear
NO MORE
THAN 10% IS
PERMITTED
KERUSAKAN DAMAGE
• Internal Wear
– Karena pemakaian Caused by use

Internal Wear NO MORE

THAN 10% IS
PERMITTED
 Sambungan yg Rusak
Deformed Links

APABILA
SAMBUNGAN RANTAI
TELAH
BENGKOK,MAKA
Rantai yang digantung bebasRANTAI TIDAK
namun tidak BOLEH
lurus dg sempurna
menunjukkan adanya sambungan yg telah bengkok A free chain
DIPERGUNAKAN
that is not perfectly straight is indicative of binding links . LAGI.
IN LINKS BIND - CONDEMN
Salah satu alasan paling umumTHE
adalah krn sambungan
CHAIN yg cacat.
IMMEDIATELY
One of the main causes of this is deformed links.
Kerusakan ini dpt disebabkan krn rantai yg ditarik paksa pada
daerah yg bersudut tajam. This can be caused by picking up a load
with chains pulled tight around sharp corners.
 RETAK, TERGORES CRACKS/GOUGES/CUTS
ADANYA KERETAKAN
• Penggunaan rantai pada bagian-bagian sudut (BAGAIMANAPUN
yg tajam dan tdk diberi
pelindung. Use of chain on unprotected sharpKONDISINYA)
edges SUDAH
• Rantai yg sudah terkikis/tergores juga membuat CUKUP UNTUK
menjadi JADI
tidak aman
apabila diameter telah berkurang sebesar 10%. GougesMEMBUANG
ALASAN and cuts make
chains unsafe if material diameter is reduced by 10%
RANTAI AGAR TIDAK
DIGUNAKAN LAGI.
THE PRESENCE OF A CRACK,
HOWEVER FINE, IS SUFFICIENT
CAUSE FOR REMOVING THE
CHAIN FROM SERVICE
PENGGUNAAN RANTAI SECARA AMAN SAFE USE OF CHAINS

Angles in excess of 1200

MUST NOT BE USED

If a sling has two or

more legs, the SWL of
the whole unit is based
on two (2) legs only
 General Use of Chains
A chain, properly selected for a particular job, is a dependable piece of equipment.
MISUSED - IT CAN BE LETHAL
• DON’T
– Overload – Menjatuhkan rantai drop a chain
– use a chain – Memutar/menggulingkan beban di
• Sambungan2 tdk bebas bergerak atas rantai roll a load over a chain
with links that are not free moving – Menggunakan rantai dg
• Terdapat bintik2, berkarat, aus melilitkannya pd sudut tajam tanpa
berlebihan, terkelupas, terjepit, retak lapisan pelindung place chains on
dg kata lain rusak. that is pitted, sharp corners without padding
corroded, unduly worn, chipped,
nipped, cracked or otherwise – use in temperatures above 2500C
damaged – Menggunakan load chain dari chain
– Menyilang, membelit, menyimpul block use load or tow chains for lifting
atau membuat kusut rantai. cross, – hammer a chain
twist, knot or kink any chain
– Menarik rantai yg berada dibawah
beban drag a chain
 General Use of Chains
A chain, properly selected for a particular job, is a dependable piece of equipment.
MISUSED - IT CAN BE LETHAL
• DO
– Gunakan 1 jenis rantai di
W/shop use one grade of chain in a
wksp
– Pastikan tiap ulir sekrup yg
digunakan terkunci dg aman
ensure screw threads are securely
locked
– Pastikan keempat rantai berkaki
empat cocok dg dua
intermediate links. ensure four leg
chains are fitted with intermediate links
– Periksa rantai scr teratur inspect chains
regularly
– Perbaharui register maintain a register
– Buat kelonggaran saat memilih rantai
utk mengangkatall allowances are made
• Dampak sudut antar kaki
• Kelonggaran untuk back hooking atau
lilitan di sekeliling beban muatan
• Kelonggaran untuk setiap penjepitan
yang mungkin terjadi pada sudut-sudut
tajam
SYNTHETIC FIBRE SLINGS

Flat Webbing Sling

Endless Slings With Metal End Fittings

 FLAT WEBBING SLINGS
• Kelebihan Advantages
– Ringan dan daya regang tinggi Light with High Strength
– Ability to Stretch
– Meredam beban kejut Absorb Shock Loads Well
• Kelemahan Disadvantages
– Pasir halus dpt menembus sling shg menyebabkan kerusakan pd serat
bag dalam, yg tdk selalu terlihat Grit can penetrate the sling causing internal
fibre damage which is not always obvious

Apabila terdapat outer slevee pada webbing

sling, maka outer slevee tesebut harus dibuat
dari bahan sintetis yg sama dg serat bagian
dalam If there is an outer sleeve on webbing slings, it is a
requirement that the outer sleeve be made of the same synthetic
material as the inner fibres
FLAT WEBBING SLINGS

Synthetic Sling mudah rusak.

Packing harus digunakan ketika
mengangkat beban yang memiliki
sudut tajam Synthetic Slings are easily
damaged. Packing must be used when lifting
loads that have sharp edges.
 FLAT WEBBING SLINGS
Berbeda jenis serat sintetis maka

Tidak boleh mencuci

berbeda pula reaksinya thd bahan
kimia seperti asam, solvent, alkali.
Berhati-hatilah dg menjauhkan

dengan Solvent
serat dari kontak dg bhn kimia.
Different synthetic fibres react differently to
chemicals such as acids, solvents, alkalis.
Care must be taken to keep fibres away from
contact with chemicals
Cleaning Solvents are not to be used
FLAT WEBBING SLINGS

Temperatur kerja maksimum yg

diijinkan adalah untuk Sling
Polyester adalah

900C
The maximum working temperature at which a
Polyester Sling can be exposed to is 900C
Jenis-jenis Kerusakan
Types of Damage

• Keausan bagian luar External Wear

• Goresan-goresan oleh gerakan sling saat pd beban dg pinggiran
kasar Local Abrasions and Cuts
• Keausan bagian dalam Internal Wear
• Kerusakan pd lapiran pelindung/slevee Damage to Fixed Protective
Coating
• Serat meleleh krn temperatur tinggi Melting or Shrinkage
• Terkena sinar UV dlm jangka waktu lama Prolonged Exposure to UV Light
• Kontak dg bahan kimia Chemical Attack
• Jahitan terlepas Stitching
Tabel Sling Serat Sintetis
Cleaning Slings
• Dapat dicuci dengan air sabun hangat May be washed in warm soapy water

• Digantung dan disiram dengan selang Hung up and hosed

• Dikeringkan dalam kondisi berudara saja tidak digantung dekat sumber

panas Should only be dried under atmospheric conditions
 Sling Inspection

• Sling yg tidak memiliki SWL/WLL atau tanda/tag yg tidak dapat dibaca

tidak dianjurkan digunakan Slings with no SWL / WLL tags or marks are not to be
used

• Apabila sling dianggap telah kehilangan kekuatan 10% atau lebih,

tidak boleh digunakan dengan alasan apapun If slings are considered to have lost
10% or more of its strength for whatever reason, it is not to be used
Sling Inspection
• Umum General
– Apakah terdapat kehilangan kekuatan secara permanen
– Apabila mengetahui sling rusak segera singkirkan, tandai dan laporkan
• Kapan melakukan inspeksi When to Inspect
• Recording Inspection
• Inspection Procedures
Slinging Theory
Direct Hitch
Slinging Theory
Choke or Reeved Hitch
Slinging Theory
Basket Hitch
Slinging Theory
Double Wrap
Temporary Change to Sling Strength

When Choke Hitched

Square Corners

Sharp Edges

Shackles and Lifting Lugs

Basket Hitches

• In some situations, slings, when used in a basket hitch, can support

double it rated capacity
– The load must be round
– The diameter of load is 5 times the diameter of sling used
 Basket Hitches

Slings Charts Are the Safest Way of Assessing

Basket Hitch Capacities
Included Angles

600
The distance
between the
attachment points
‘A’ is the same as
the sling length
Included Angles

900
The distance
between the
attachment points
‘A’ is twice the
height of the
triangle ‘H’
Included Angles

1200
The height of the
triangle ‘H’ is half of
the sling length
Included Angles
Included Angles
 Sudut maksimum yg
direkomendasikan antara kedua
kaki sling adalah 900 The recommended
maximum angle between the two legs of a sling for general work
is 900

REMEMBER
THE MAXIMUM INCLUDED
ANGLE ALLOWED IS 1200
Ten Basic Steps
To Safely Lift a Load With a Crane
1. Memeriksa beban Check the Load
2. Menentukan kapasitas crane Establish the Capacity of the Crane
3. Penempatan beban Where is the Load to be Placed?
4. Menentukan Pusat Grafitasi Beban Establish the COG of the Load
5. Bagaimana beban akan diangkat How is the Load to be Slung?
6. Memilih Sling dan Attachment yg sesuai Select Appropriate Slings and
Gear
7. Mengarahkan Crane Hook di Atas Beban Direct Crane Hook Over Load
8. Memasang Sling pada Beban Apply Slings to Load
9. Membagi tegangan pada sling Take Up Tension of the Slings
10. Mengangkat dan Memeriksa Keseimbangan Beban Hoist and
Check the Load is Balanced
Commonly
Used Hooks

Sling Hook

Safety Hook Grab Hook Latchlock

Shackles

SWL/WLL harus
distamping dg jelas &
diperiksa sebelum
digunakan The SWL/WLL must be
clearly stamped and checked before use.

Jangan mencampur pin

dan shackle dari jenis
kekuatan yg berbeda Do Not
Mix Pins and Shackles of Different Strengths
Dee Shackle Bow Shackle
Shackles
Kapasitas shackle, hanya berlaku jika shackle tidak
menyimpang atau tertarik secara miring oleh sling.
Untuk beban yg berat diperlukan packing seperti dlm
gbr dibawah. The capacity of a shackle only applies if the shackle is
not being distorted or pulled unevenly. For heavy loads, packing may be
required.
Lifting Beams

Spreader Beam Equalising Beam

Collared Eyebolts

• Dibuat sesuai Standard Australia

Made to Australian Standards
• Secara umum tidak memiliki SWL
yang distamping pada eyebolt
tersebut Generally do not have a SWL
stamped on them
• Gunakan tabel Must use a chart
Uncollared Eyebolts

• TIDAK dibuat dengan standard

apapun NOT made to any Standards
• Tidak ada tabel yg tersedia No charts
are available
• Dipasok pabrik pembuat sebagai
lifting point utk benda-benda kecil
dan ringan Supplied as lifting points for
small items
Uncollared Eyebolts
• Gunakan dg sangat hati2 use with extreme
caution
Karena kapasitas
• Jangan sekali-kali menggunakan utk angkat
angkatnya
beban selain beban tidak diketahui,
yg diperuntukkan Never use
to lift ajangan mengangkat
load other than the item they were supplied with
• Gunakan hanya utk mengangkat beban
dengan uncollared eyebolt
rendah Use for low lifts only
jika pengangkatan
• Lakukan terdapat dgn alternatif
metode menarik
metode
vertical scr stabilmengangkat
Steady vertical pull yg
• Jgn
lain sekali-kali
Because their menempatkan
lifting capacitybeban is
samping Never place
unknown, do notside lift
loadswith
on uncollared eyebolts
uncollared
eyebolts if there is a alternative lifting
method
Menggunakan Collared Eyebolts Using Collared
Eybolts

Sudut sling
MAKSIMUM yg
diijinkan 900
The MAXIMUM Included angle
is 900

Eyebolts harus
sejajar seperti
gambar The eyebolts
must be aligned as shown
Menggunakan Collared Eyebolts Using Collared
Eybolts

1050
600

Sudut lebih dari 900

Angle more than 900
Eyebolt tdk sejajar
Eyebolts not lined up
Sudut kurang dari 900
Angle less than 900
Eyebolts sejajar Eyebolts line up
 Penyebab hilangnya kekuatan
Causes of Loss of Strength Ketika menggunakan Collared Eyebolts When Using
Collared Eyebolts

• Eyebolt tidak kencang eyebolt not tightened

• Ulir rusak krn terlalu kecang overtightening or mismatched thread
• Berkarat corrosion
• Eyebolt fatigue shg jadi bengkok bent or overloaded
• Eyebolt yg dirubah eyebolt altered
• Tidak sejajar dg benar not correctly aligned
• Beban samping berlebihan bila sudut >900 excessive side pull
• Sling hook terjepit pada eye sling hooks binding in eyes

Page: 51
Vertical Plate Clamps

All plate clamps must

show their SWL and
the thickness of the
steel plate they are
designed to lift
clearly marked
Lift and Block
Fibre and Nylon Rope
Load Positioning Sling
Barrel Grip
Chain Hoist
Electric Hoist
Scaffolding
Portable Industri
Portable domestik
Sekian dan Terima Kasih